CH711145A1 - Electrostatic smoking and electrostatic smoking. - Google Patents

Abstract

Shown and described is an electrostatic smoking system, comprising a chamber (11, 11 ', 11 ", 11' '') with a first opening (17, 17 ') and a second opening (21, 21') for the flow through the chamber with a treatment medium along a flow path, in the chamber (11, 11 ', 11 ", 11' '') on the flow path a treatment space (31), which is provided for receiving material to be treated (13), a smoke generator (60 ) for enriching the treatment medium with smoke, a guide system (45, 70) for conveying the treatment medium into the chamber (11, 11 ', 11 ", 11' '') and out of the chamber (11, 11 ', 11'). ', 11''') out and a first electrode (23, 23' ''), in particular a first ionization unit (22), for ionizing the treatment medium. According to the invention, provision is made for the guide system to be equipped with a circulation channel (72, 55) which connects the first opening (17, 17 ') to the second opening (21, 21') and the circulation channel (72, 55) in such a manner is that over this the treatment medium after a passage through the treatment chamber (31) for at least one further passage through the treatment room (31) can be performed again in the treatment room. Also shown and described is an electrostatic smoking process comprising the step of circulating the treatment medium one or more times out of the treatment chamber through a circulation channel back into the treatment chamber and over the surface of the material to be treated, optionally activating at least one ionizing electrode.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention comprises an electrostatic smoking system, in particular for conditioning and flavoring of foods. The invention further relates to an electrostatic smoking method, which can be conveniently carried out with the aforementioned smokehouse.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The smoking is a method for the preservation or flavoring of food, mainly fish and meat. There are different procedures and process steps.

Conventional plants are e.g. in the published patent applications DE 10 339 296 A1 and DE 2 600 081 A1 and the patent DE 19 734 802 C1. A conventional system consists essentially of the following parts: one or more treatment rooms, in which food can be introduced with a trolley (optionally, the trolleys can be passed through the system via a conveyor system); a smoke generator which generates or provides the treatment medium; Dehumidifying, cooling and / or heating system, with which the treatment medium can be conditioned; an emission control system to keep emissions (smoke, odors) as low as possible; a controller that controls the entire process. Such systems may have various sensors, e.g. via a measuring station for chamber temperature and humidity as well as a core temperature probe. An air circulation is ensured for example by tuyeres or fans. Fully automatic cleaning of the system can be integrated.

The treatment room consists essentially of a room in which the material to be treated can be retracted. Air can be sucked in and blown out, for example by a ventilator, so that a flow of the treatment medium through the material to be treated is achieved. In the flow, e.g. between the fan and the material to be treated, optional heating units (electric / steam), spray nozzles, steam generators and / or cleaning nozzles can be placed. These allow to vary the temperature, humidity, etc., e.g. also to perform brewing processes. In the treatment room, the temperature, the humidity and the core temperature of the material to be treated can be continuously measured in order to allow the best possible process flow.

Smoke generators are available in various designs, e.g. Smoke, Reiberauch or Glimmrauch, possibly Reiberauch or Glimmrauch in combination with liquid smoke, etc. Smoke generators usually have a flow and return, so that they are connected in a closed circuit to the treatment room. If smoke is required by the process, the treatment medium is e.g. promoted via a fan in the treatment room. Upstream and downstream heat exchangers can be located to adjust the temperature or humidity and possibly to condense certain substances.

Dehumidifying, cooling and heating systems are needed to condition the circulating air for the corresponding process. Thus, e.g. before the actual entry of smoke, the humidity is lowered and the material to be treated is warmed up in a controlled manner so that the material to be treated better absorbs the smoke and does not condense on the surface.

After some process steps, the treatment medium (i.e., smoke, water vapor, etc.) must be removed from the treatment room. This is done in some systems with dehumidification / cooling and heating system by the supply of injected mist, which then settles on the heat exchanger. Or fresh air is sucked in and the treatment medium is passed from the treatment chamber to the exhaust gas purification. This consists in many systems of an electrostatic precipitator. Also used are activated carbon filters, which are mainly used for odor reduction.

Other smoking methods work with the support of electrostatic fields or high voltage electrodes and are based on the fact that the particles can be loaded and brought to a targeted material. If a sharp-edged object or even a very thin rope or wire is subjected to high voltage, then the electrostatic field strengths from a certain voltage so high that it comes to a corona discharge (while air is ionized). These charged air molecules then move to the opposite pole. If these charged air molecules meet particles (aerosol particles), the charge is transferred to the particles (especially on their surface), whereby they also move to the opposite pole. This principle is known in the art e.g. used in the electrostatic precipitators or in the surface treatment of the powder coating. In the food industry, certain substances are targeted to a material to be treated, e.g. the friction smoke on fish or meat. This technique is e.g. by Sikorski, ZE in Some Problems of Electrostatic Smoke Deposition in Smoking, Food, Volume 6, pages 148-156 (1962) and by Sikorski, ZE and Barylko-Pikielna N. in The Quality of Electrostatically Smoked Fish and Sausages, Deutsche Lebensmittel- Rundschau, Journal of Food Science and Food Law, Volume 56, Issue 3, pages 65-69 (1960). Conventional plants are e.g. in published patent applications EP 1 120 049 A1 and FR 2 765 077 A1 and in patents US 6 054 154 A, US 4 372 981 A, US 1 483 668 A and US Pat. No. 4,250,804. Such conventional systems also require emission control systems.

The problems of today's plants lie in the insufficient uniformity of the smoking of the material to be treated, in particular in batch treatment, e.g. with dolly. Consequently, therefore, the reproducibility is problematic, which has a particularly negative impact on mass products. In addition, time plays a major role in the smoking process; especially the cold smoking process takes a lot of time. In addition, the exhaust gases and the exhaust air to clean or to recycle, which causes additional costs and time.

TASK

It is therefore an object of the present invention to eliminate or mitigate the disadvantages of today's systems. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to make the smoking process more efficient (in particular energy, time and cost-efficient) and the results of the smoking process more reproducible. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a smokehouse, which does not require an exhaust gas purification unit or uses exhaust gas purification only to a reduced extent. In particular, a smokehouse is to be provided which allows a fast and efficient smoking process and emits as possible no emissions or only negligible amounts of exhaust gases to the environment.

The object of the invention is therefore also to provide a smoking process and suitable smokehouse, in which the exhaust gas purification is integrated.

Object of the present invention is also to increase the efficiency of the smoking process of food, especially meat and fish products, cheese and herbs, but also from wood.

The aim of the present invention is also to increase by the use of ionized treatment medium efficiency and quality of smoke and smoker. It should be equally possible cold and hot smoking.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

These and other objects are achieved by the features of the independent claims. Further developments and / or advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

In a first embodiment according to the invention, an electrostatic smoking system is provided, comprising a chamber having a first opening and a second opening for flow through the chamber with a treatment medium along a flow path, in the chamber on the flow path a treatment room, which is provided for the reception of items to be treated, a smoke generator for enriching the treatment medium with smoke, a guide system for transporting the treatment medium into and out of the chamber; a first electrode, in particular a first ionization unit, in particular for ionizing the treatment medium, wherein the smoke house is characterized in that the guide system is equipped with a circulation channel which connects the first opening to the second opening, and the circulation channel is arranged in such a way that the treatment medium is passed through the treatment room again into the treatment space after passing through the treatment space for at least one further passage can. This arrangement provides in particular a simple and complete cleaning of the exhaust air still within the flue gas system before discharge to the environment by complete separation of the smoke particles contained in the treatment medium during and after the performance of a smoking process.

For example, the smokehouse is characterized by the fact that for the purpose of smoke absorption, the guide system is equipped with a first circulation channel (also called a first circulation channel) connecting the first opening to the second opening and communicating with a smoke generator (ie the guide system having a first circulation channel between the first opening and the second opening) Circulation of the treatment medium from the treatment room via smoke generator back into the treatment room is equipped), and for repeated circulating (dead running), the guide system is equipped with a second circulation channel (also called second circulation channel) connecting the first opening to the second opening (ie, the guide system having a second circulation channel between the first opening and the second opening for circulating the treatment medium is equipped from the treatment room back into the treatment room without smoke absorption).

In a further embodiment of the invention, an electrostatic smoking system is provided, including a chamber having a first opening and a second opening for flow through the chamber with a treatment medium along a flow path, in the chamber on the flow path a treatment room, which is provided for the reception of items to be treated, a smoke generator for enriching the treatment medium with smoke, a guide system for conveying the treatment medium into and out of the chamber, wherein the smoking system is characterized in that a first electrode, in particular a first ionization unit, is arranged on the flow path in the chamber or in the circulation channel such that the first electrode or the first ionization unit flows through or is flowed through by the treatment medium with each circulation. This arrangement ensures, in particular, uniform ionization of the medium the treatment material inflowing treatment medium (ie the smoke particles contained in the treatment medium) in the implementation of a smoking process.

In a further embodiment of the invention, an electrostatic smoking system is provided, including a chamber having a first opening and a second opening for flow through the chamber with a treatment medium along a flow path, in the chamber on the flow path a treatment room, which is provided for the reception of items to be treated, a smoke generator for enriching the treatment medium with smoke, a guide system for conveying the treatment medium into and out of the chamber, wherein the smoking system is characterized in that a first electrode, in particular a first ionization unit, is arranged on the flow path between the first opening and the treatment space, a second electrode, in particular a second ionization unit, is arranged on the flow path in the chamber (11, 11, 11, 11) or in the circulation channel (72, 55) such that the second electrode (25, 25 ) Or the first ionization unit (24) flows through or is flowed through by the treatment medium with each circulation. This arrangement ensures, in particular, the greatest flexibility in the performance of a smoking process: the direction of flow can be diverted at any time. Regardless of the flow direction, one or the other ionization device or both ionization devices can be activated simultaneously.

Conveniently, the first electrode and the second electrode or the first ionization unit and the second ionization unit are arranged such that the first electrode and the second electrode or the first ionization unit and the second ionization unit are flowed through by the treatment medium.

Features of the above embodiments can be combined. Further features of the above embodiments are described below.

Preferably, the first electrode, in particular the first ionization unit, is arranged on the flow path between the first opening and the treatment space for the material to be treated. Further preferably, if present, the second electrode, in particular the second ionization unit, is arranged on the flow path between the second opening and the treatment space for the material to be treated.

The system is preferably designed to lead on the one hand the treatment medium on the first electrode and on through the treatment room to the second electrode and on the other in the reverse direction, the treatment medium on the second electrode and further through the treatment chamber to the first electrode respectively.

The guide system is advantageously designed such that the treatment medium can be selectively or alternately (alternately) passed through the first opening or the second opening in the direction of the treatment room. This serves the purpose of reversing the flow direction.

In particular, the treatment medium should be guided or flowed from the first opening via the first electrode or the first ionization unit or from the second opening, optionally via the second electrode or the second ionization unit into or through the treatment space. With such an embodiment of the invention smoker can be a uniform smoking in a very short time realize.

The first electrode is in particular part of a first ionization unit and the second electrode is in particular part of a second ionization unit.

An inventive system is advantageously designed such that alternately on the one hand the treatment medium through the first opening to the first electrode, in particular on the first ionisationseinheit, and further through the treatment space (optionally to the second electrode, in particular to the second ionisationseinheit ( if a second electrode or ionization unit is present)) and can flow through the second opening (or can be performed) and on the other in the opposite direction, the treatment medium through the second opening (optionally on the second electrode or ionization unit (if a second electrode or ionization unit is present)) and further through the treatment space on the first electrode or ionization unit and can continue to flow through the first opening (or can be performed). These processes can optionally be selected and carried out or automatically run alternately regulated via a process control. The process control can be carried out, for example, via control valves in the guide system and control switches for the electrodes or control switches in the ionization units.

Conveniently, the guide system is equipped with a circulation channel without smoke generator (i.e., the aforementioned second circulation channel) between the first opening and the second opening for circulation of the treatment medium from the treatment room back to the treatment room without smoke absorption. In the circulation without smoke absorption, the smoke particles of the treatment medium (at least purely optically) can be completely separated within a very short time. This type of circulation without smoke absorption is also referred to herein as dead running. This is particularly interesting when batching the smokehouse. An opening of the treatment chamber is thus possible almost immediately after completion of a smoking step. By activating both ionization units during the circulation, the precipitation time can be further increased. It is therefore also no smoke extraction or smoke treatment needed later.

The at least one first electrode and optionally a second electrode is designed as a rod electrode or as a surface electrode.

The at least one first electrode and optionally a second electrode is expediently assigned in each case acting as a counter electrode further electrode.

The electrostatic smoke device expediently includes an insulator and a high voltage source for the at least first electrode, in the presence of a second electrode advantageously also an insulator and a high voltage source for the second electrode.

An inventive ionization units is composed at least of the following parts: a first electrode, in particular a high voltage electrode, preferably designed as a surface electrode; a further electrode acting as a counter electrode, preferably also flat, e.g. as a grid or mesh, in particular with said first electrode and its counter electrode in parallel configuration; an insulator for the first electrode and a high voltage generator. The high voltage generator and the other components of the ionization unit are preferably designed for voltages in the range of 5,000 to 50,000 volts. Due to a compact design of an inventive ionization unit, this can be arranged close to the treated. Advantageously, the distance of electrode and counter electrode to the product is less than 50 cm. This short path to the item to be treated has an advantageous effect on the deposition process.

An ionization unit is preferably characterized in that the electrode and optionally its counter electrode are designed as surface electrodes. The electrode and the counterelectrode, which are in the form of surface electrodes, are preferably aligned substantially parallel to one another or plane-parallel and have a multiplicity of flow-through recesses or continuous recesses. Due to the Durchströmungsaussparungen the surface electrodes are flowed through by the treatment medium and the recesses offer the treatment medium a variety of durchströmbare passages. The flow-through recesses are preferably used for the flow transversely (preferably approximately perpendicular, for example in an angular range of 45 to 90 degrees, preferably from 60 to 90 degrees, more preferably 95 to 90 degrees) to the surface area of electrode and optionally counter electrode. Preferably, the electrode and counterelectrode can be flowed through in an essentially perpendicular direction to their areal extent. The first electrode or the high-voltage electrode preferably has a multiplicity of elevations, for example, over its areal extent. Tips on which (for corona discharge) are suitably directed to the counter electrode. The elevations preferably have the same dimensions. In any case, the elevations are conveniently applied to that side of the electrode, which is directed to the opposite or its associated counter electrode. The plurality of elevations is preferably distributed as evenly as possible over the entire surface area of the electrode.

The counter electrode is preferably designed as a grid or mesh, conveniently with in comparison to the electrode or high voltage electrode small surface. The purpose of the counter electrode is to form an electrical opposite pole to the respective electrode and to provide as little as possible deposition surface.

An expedient ionization unit for an electrostatic smoking system is preferably composed of at least a first electrode, in particular a high voltage electrode, which is preferably designed as a surface electrode, acting as a counter electrode further electrode, an insulator for the first electrode and a voltage source or high voltage source , in particular a voltage generator or high voltage generator, for acting on the electrode with a voltage or high voltage. The ionization unit with electrode but with or without counter electrode is preferably used as a compact, optionally replaceable unit in the smoker.

For example, the electrode designed as a surface electrode is structured in its areal extent, e.g. in that it is designed as a wire electrode, as a sawtooth electrode or as a tip electrode. In this case, the saw teeth or tips may be substantially perpendicular to the ground plane of the electrode. The wires are preferably spaced apart in the ground plane and / or optionally aligned parallel to one another.

According to a preferred embodiment, a smoking system according to the invention is provided with durchströmbarer ionization in particular such that the flow-through electrode and the flow-through counter electrode are applied in the smokehouse in the flow direction before the treated, in particular preferably the flow-through electrode is arranged in front of the flow through the counter electrode and the flow-through counterelectrode before the material to be treated. By way of reference, such ionization units are activated when the flow direction is adjusted accordingly.

An alternative or additional ionization unit for an electrostatic smoking device is e.g. comprising at least a first electrode, in particular a high-voltage electrode, a further electrode acting as a counter electrode, an insulator for the first electrode and a voltage generator, preferably a high-voltage generator for applying a voltage or high voltage to the first electrode, and characterized in that the first electrode is designed as a rod electrode. Conveniently, the further electrode acting as a counter electrode is designed as a pipe or pipe section, in particular as a pipe section of a guide system for the treatment medium (preferably as a pipe section of a circulation channel of the guide system), wherein the first electrode designed as a rod electrode is arranged substantially centered in the further electrode. The first electrode designed as a rod is conveniently connected to the insulator from the further electrode, i. the counter electrode, electrically isolated.

The smoke generator is conveniently equipped with a flow and a return.

Smoke generator with flow and return and conveyor system are used to transport the treatment medium from the smoke generator to the chamber and from the chamber back into the smoke generator. Preferably, the guide system is configured to allow the selective or alternate transport of the treatment medium from both the first opening and the second opening back into the smoke generator. Conveniently, the guide system is designed such that it allows the selective or alternate transport of the treatment medium from the smoke generator to the first opening and the second opening of the chamber.

In one embodiment of the conveyor system, for example, the smoker, in particular the guide system for selectively or alternately conveying the treatment medium is equipped with a unidirectional fan for flow reversal. Preferably, the fan is arranged in a channel of the conveyor system, wherein two circuits are alternately flowed through the fan, wherein the first circuit promotes the treatment medium through the first opening into the treatment chamber and the second circuit promotes the treatment medium through the second opening into the treatment chamber and through the other opening back to the fan. The unidirectional fan guide system is provided for selectively or alternately conveying the treatment medium from the chamber back into the smoke generator with a first channel (guide passage) between the first opening and the smoke generator and a second channel (guide passage) between the second opening and the smoke generator. which lead into a common return of the smoke generator.

In another embodiment of the delivery system, for example, the smoker is equipped for selectively or alternately conveying the treatment medium with a bidirectional fan for flow reversal. The bidirectional fan may be located in the smokehouse or in the guidance system. Preferably, the fan is arranged in the chamber between the first opening and the first ionization unit or between the second opening and the second ionization unit.

When equipped with a bi-directional fan, the guide system for selectively or alternately conveying the treatment medium is conveniently provided with a reversible, i. equipped alternating supply and return system of the smoke generator. As a result, the conveyor system can be made relatively simple with respect to the complexity of the flow paths.

The electrostatic smoking system is expediently equipped with a process control, which in particular controls flaps in the conveyor system and the activation of the first electrode or the first ionization unit and the activation of the second electrode or the second ionization unit.

The smoking chamber of the inventive electrostatic smoking system is conveniently equipped with a closable inlet and a preferred outlet for introducing and discharging the material to be treated, wherein preferably the inlet and the outlet for the batch introduction and discharge of the material to be treated is formed by a trolley.

The electrostatic smoking system is preferably equipped with an exhaust port and / or a fresh air supply.

The electrostatic smoking system may further continue e.g. a dehumidifier, a humidifier, a cooling device, and / or a heater include. These devices are preferably arranged in flow clearing towards the item to be treated in front of the respective ionization unit.

Optionally, in the guide system, preferably in the second circulation channel, a filter, e.g. an electrostatic filter, be arranged for cleaning or for the additional excretion of the exhaust gases.

In an embodiment according to the invention, an electrostatic smoking process is provided, comprising the successive process steps (a) flowing a smoke-containing and ionized treatment medium in a flow direction over the surface of a material to be treated in a treatment chamber, and (b) circulating one or more times ( in particular repeated circulations) of the treatment medium over the surface of the material to be treated, in particular from the treatment chamber through a circulation channel back into the treatment chamber and over the surface of the material to be treated.

Expediently, the circulation, in particular the repeated circulating, of the treatment medium, for example, temporarily takes place without (additional) smoke absorption. The smoke particles can be substantially completely separated. For example, one or more circulations of the treatment medium take place without (additional) smoke absorption, with (additional) smoke absorption or with a combination of circulation steps with and without (additional) smoke absorption.

Conveniently, the circulation, in particular the single or multiple circulating, of the treatment medium, for example, temporarily with or without (additional) smoke absorption with activation of at least one ionizing electrode, which is arranged in the circulation, from. The smoke particles can be separated quickly and completely.

In the method step of the circulation of the treatment medium without additional smoke absorption with activation of at least one ionizing electrode, the at least one activated electrode in the treatment chamber upstream and / or downstream of the material to be treated. Preferably, at least one activated electrode is presented in the treatment chamber or in the inlet region to the treatment chamber in the direction of flow of the material to be treated. This type of circulation (i.e., non-smoking circulation) is for the most complete separation or use of the aerosol, and is also called dead-running herein. The process step of the circulation for dead running is in particular designed such that can be dispensed with a flue gas cleaning system.

The process step of Totlaufens (circulation without smoke, preferably multiple circulation without smoke) is conveniently continued until any residual particles (i.e., all particles) in circulation, within or outside the treatment chamber, are deposited, i. until the treatment medium is practically particle-free or a particle concentration of less than 100 mg / cm 3, preferably less than 1 mg / cm 3 is achieved. Thereafter, the method step of the dead-running can be followed by a method step for discharging the now substantially particle-free treatment medium via an exhaust air flap. It is important that the chamber becomes "smoke-free" in a relatively short time so that the system can be used as efficiently as possible.

Depending on the design of the system, a deflection of the flow direction in the treatment chamber in the opposite direction can be carried out with smoke absorption (for example a continuous smoke intake). In particular, multiple redirecting, with simultaneous activation of an ionizing electrode, which is arranged (preferably in the chamber or in the inlet region in front of the chamber) in the flow direction in front of the item to be treated, causes an increase in efficiency of the smoking process. Optionally, an ionizing electrode, which is arranged in the chamber in the flow direction after the item to be treated or in the chamber outlet, be deactivated.

In addition, the electrostatic smoking method may further include an exhaust gas purification option, which is preferably activatable during circulation (without smoke absorption).

The electrostatic smoking process according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one conditioning step from the group consisting of dehumidifying, wetting, cooling and heating.

The electrostatic smoking system described herein is particularly suitable for carrying out the smoking method also described here.

The below-mentioned advantageous embodiments lead alone or in combination with each other to further improvements of the inventive electrostatic smoking system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of some embodiments. Embodiments of the invention are described below by way of example by way of example. In a not to scale, schematic representation: <Tb> FIG. 1: <SEP> an inventive treatment chamber with flow (a) from above, (b) from below; a further inventive treatment chamber with flow (c) from one side (from the left), (d) from the other side (from the right); a further alternative inventive treatment chamber with flow (e) from above, (f) from below; <Tb> FIG. 2: <SEP> a smoking system according to the invention (a) during a smoking phase, (b) during a drying phase, in each case with an inflow from below; <Tb> FIG. 3: <SEP> an inventive smoking system (a) during a smoke phase with flow from above, (b) during a drying phase with flow from below, (c) during a dead-flow phase with flow from above; <Tb> FIG. 4: <SEP> a smoke house according to the invention with integrated electrostatic precipitator (setting: dead-flow phase and flow from above); <Tb> FIG. 5: <SEP> an ionization unit according to the invention: (a) oblique view, (b) side view; <Tb> FIG. 6: <SEP> the principle of an ionization unit; <Tb> FIG. 7: <SEP> Exemplary embodiments of a high-voltage electrode with counter-electrode, the high-voltage electrode as surface electrode, in (a) with sawtooth and four insulators, in (b) with wire or fine wire and two insulators and in (c) with tips and a centric insulator; the counter electrode in each case designed as a grid; and <Tb> FIG. 8: <SEP> Embodiments of a high-voltage electrode, wherein the high-voltage electrode is designed as a rod electrode, as used according to FIG. 1e, 1f or FIG. 4 in a tube.

In the following, the same reference numbers may stand for identical or functionally identical elements in different figures. An additional apostrophe can be used to distinguish between several identical, similar, functionally identical or functionally similar elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a smoke house with a treatment room and an ionization system (consisting for example of at least one, preferably two ionization units) for the ionization and deposition of particles, in particular for the separation of smoke particles on a material to be treated. In the plant, particles, i. solid and / or liquid aerosol particles, which together with gas, in particular air, form the treatment medium, ionized by at least one electrode, in particular a high voltage electrode. The smokehouse can preferably be loaded with a single or multi-car system. The treatment medium may in this case preferably be conducted over the surface of the material to be treated both in one direction and in its opposite direction (for example from above and below (FIGS. 1a and 1b) or alternatively from two opposite sides (FIGS. 1c and 1d)). Preference is given to an alternating operation in which the smoke is introduced alternately from above and from below (FIG. 1a, 1b) or from the left and from the right (FIGS. 1c, 1d). Optionally, for further conditioning of the material to be treated, heaters, spray mist, steam generators, etc. and / or for maintenance and cleaning of the equipment, e.g. Cleaning nozzles are introduced. The walls at the height of the carts for the material to be treated or in the vicinity of the material to be treated are preferably made of a non-electrically conductive material. The air distribution may be controlled by flow-influencing means, e.g. Apertures, perforated plates and perforated grids are positively influenced.

1a and 1b each show a preferred smokehouse 11 loaded with a carriage 12, which is stocked with laundry 13 or hung. The item to be treated includes, for example, pieces of meat, pieces of fish, pieces of cheese, pieces of tofu etc. The chamber 11 is in the upper area 15 with a first opening 17 and in the lower area 19 with a second opening 21 for flow through a treatment medium, in particular of flue-gas enriched air, fitted. The upper portion 15 and thus the first opening 17 is located above the carriage 12 and the material to be treated 13. The lower portion 19 and thus the second opening 21 is located below the carriage 12 and the treated material 13. When flowing through the chamber 11 with a treatment medium is formed in the chamber 11 between the two openings 17 and 21 from a flow path, which is advantageously designed and / or guided so that it passes through the material to be treated 13, the individual pieces of the material to be treated and flowing around. The treatment chamber 11 is designed in particular in such a way that it can be flowed through optionally from above (FIG. 1a) or from below (FIG. 1b), preferably alternately.

1 and 1d each show a horizontally oriented variant of another smokehouse, which can be flowed through from above and / or from below, for example, with treatment medium.

In order to obtain the best possible flow, baffles and / or perforated plates can be used. In the smokehouse 11 (FIG. 1a), for example, perforated plates 18 and 20 are provided. The first perforated plate 18 is arranged in the upper region 15 on the flow path of the inflowing from the first opening 17 treatment medium. If a treatment medium flows through the first opening 17 (FIG. 1 a), then the first perforated plate 18 serves to distribute the treatment medium flowing through the opening 17 in such a way that the material to be treated 13 flows as evenly as possible from above over the entire smoke chamber cross section. The second perforated plate 20 is arranged in the lower region 19 on the flow path of the inflowing from the second opening 21 treatment medium. If the flow direction is changed to an inflow from below (FIG. 1 b), the second perforated plate 20 serves to distribute the treatment medium flowing through the second opening 21 in such a way that the material to be treated 13 flows as evenly as possible from below over the entire smoke chamber cross section.

For ionization are expediently a first ionization unit 22, in particular designed as a first electrode 23 with a first counter electrode, on the flow path between the first opening 17 and the treated material 13 and a second ionisation unit 24, in particular designed as a second electrode 25 with a second counter electrode , applied between the second opening 21 and the item 13 to be treated. The electrodes 23 and 25 are expediently designed as high voltage electrodes. The respective counter-electrode is preferably arranged between the electrode 23 or 25 (in particular high-voltage electrode) and the material 13 to be treated. Has proven particularly useful as the electrode 23, a surface electrode with elevations (in particular spikes, nails, tips or pins) and as a counter electrode, a grid 27, 29 or network, which is parallel to the surface electrode between the electrode 23 or 25 and the material to be treated 13 or the car 12, which carries the material to be treated 13, is arranged. The item to be treated 13 is preferably grounded, e.g. in that the carriage 12, which carries the material to be treated 13, is grounded.

The chamber 11 is designed essentially in three parts (three parts). A first, upper area 15 includes the first opening 17 and the first ionization unit 22; a second, lower area 19 includes the second opening 21 and the second ionization unit 24; the third, middle area 31 (hereinafter referred to as intermediate area) defines a treatment room in which the material to be treated, e.g. General cargo by carriage 13, can be positioned. The carriage 12 may e.g. be retracted on a route or rail 33 in the chamber 11 and thus in the treatment room 31 to the treatment position. Between areas of the tracks or the rails 33, a playpen 29 may be created, which on the one hand allows the operator to enter the chamber 11, and expediently on the other hand acts as a counter electrode to the second electrode 25.

The flow, in particular, e.g. their direction, distribution, nature and shape, can - as described above - be influenced by apertures or other obstacles in the chamber 11. The use of perforated metal sheets has proved to be advantageous, which can be inserted into the chamber 11 essentially transversely to the flow direction upstream of the material to be treated 13. Since the flow direction is reversible, e.g. below and above the material to be treated 13, i. with respect to the flow direction before and after the item to be treated 13, depending on a perforated plate 18, 20 are used. It is advantageous if the respective ionization unit 22, 24 downstream of a perforated plate 18, 20 is adjusted. Thus, the first ionization unit 22 is arranged in the upper region 15 of the smokehouse after the first opening 17 between the first perforated plate 18 and the material to be treated. Correspondingly, the second ionization unit 24 is arranged in the lower region 15 of the smokehouse after the second opening 21 between the second perforated plate 20 and the material 13 to be treated. By presenting the perforated plate of the ionization unit in the direction of flow, the ionization unit can be flown over its entire areal extent optimally uniformly. As a result, an optimally uniform distribution of charges on the smoke particles of the treatment medium is achieved. Advantageously, therefore, the treatment medium on the flow path through the material to be treated (i.e., in the central region 31 of the smokehouse 11) in the flow cross-section not only has a uniform flow distribution but at the same time a uniform charge distribution. As a result, the smoking conditions for all pieces of a material to be treated 13 are optimally uniform.

Further conditioning agents, such as e.g. Spraying devices 41, are advantageously readjusted in the flow direction of the perforated plate and the ionization unit presented, i. arranged between perforated plate and ionization unit.

An assembly with electrode, with or without counter electrode and optionally with one or more of the conditioning agent, such as heating, spraying, cooling, humidifying and dehumidifying, can be used as a compact, possibly replaceable mounting unit running in a smoker. If necessary, such a unit can also be installed in outgoing installations.

FIG. 6 shows the principle of an ionization unit or electrode unit. Exemplary embodiments of an ionization unit are illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8. An ionization unit 80 basically consists of a high voltage source 81 (i.e., a high voltage generator), a high voltage insulator 87, a high voltage electrode 85, and a counter electrode 89 (Figure 6). The high voltage generator 81 supplies the high voltage electrode 85 with the corresponding potential. The high voltage electrode 85 is electrically insulated from the remainder of the structure via at least one insulator 87. If an insulator 87 with lamellae is used, the creepage currents can be reduced and minimized as dirt and moisture increase. So that the insulators 87 do not pollute too much of the inflowing mass flow, they can be protected by diaphragms 91 or baffles from the main mass flow.

The ionization unit 80 should deliver as many charge carriers 84 into the treatment medium. Are particles 83 in the treatment medium, i. Solid particles, e.g. Smoke, or liquid particles, e.g. Steam, so they are charged when flowing past the high voltage electrode 85. The flow of the treatment medium is illustrated by a plurality of rectified arrows 86. The charged particles 84 should be directed (as far as possible in the flow direction) as directly as possible to the material to be treated 13, in order to minimize deposition on construction parts.

The ionization unit 80 should be flown as uniformly as possible. For this purpose, if appropriate, the aforementioned fluidic elements such as diaphragms, e.g. Perforated or baffles are used. FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of an ionization unit with perforated plate 97. In this case, the perforated plate practically simultaneously forms the support for four insulators 87, which carry the electrode. Perforated plate 97 and grid 89 are supported by carriers 101, 101, 103, 103 and are attached via this to the chamber walls. Optionally, the isolators 87 could also be attached to the chamber walls via additional, other means.

If possible, the high-voltage electrode 85 should be constructed as a surface electrode, so that an electrode delivery takes place as far as possible over a large area under the material to be treated. The high-voltage electrode 85 can be designed as a sawtooth electrode, wire electrode, sharp-edged sheet metal, etc. Likewise, the electrode may vary in base shape (square, rectangular, round, etc.). For example, a surface electrode in the plane of its greatest extent will span an effective area of at least 0.4 x 0.4 m2 in a system with a cross-section of the treatment room of approximately 0.6 x 0.6 m2. In this case, in particular that cross-section of the treatment space is meant which lies in a plane parallel to the plane of the greatest extent of the surface electrode, or which lies in a plane perpendicular to the direction of flow. In general, the area ratio of the area electrode to the cross-sectional area of the treatment space for the material to be treated is in the range of 1: 1 to 1: 3, preferably 1: 1 to 1: 2.5.

So that the electrode 85 emits as many electrons as possible, a counterelectrode 89, which is grounded or supplied with opposite potential, is advantageous. The counterelectrode 89 must have a defined distance from the high voltage electrode 85. The counterelectrode should be constructed as flat as possible, so that this represents the electrically opposite pole, but on the other hand as little as possible surface for the deposition of the particles. Ideally, this may be an electrically conductive grid or network. If the structure is to be accessible, a grate can also be used. The counterelectrode can thus be traversed transversely to the surface area, in particular essentially in the direction perpendicular to its surface area.

In Fig. 7a, a high voltage electrode 85 is shown as a surface electrode with sawtooth 93 and four insulators 87 at the corners. As a counter electrode 89, a grid is used.

In Fig. 7b, a high voltage electrode 85 is shown as a surface electrode with wire or fine wire 94 with two insulators 87. As a counter electrode 89, a grid is used.

In Fig. 7c, a high voltage electrode 85 is shown as a surface electrode with tip attachment 95 (nails) with a central insulator 87 in the middle. As a counter electrode 87, a grid is used.

According to an alternative embodiment in FIGS. 1e and 1f, rod electrodes 23, 25 can be used instead of the surface electrodes 23, 25 described above. The rod electrodes 23 and 25 are expediently, for example, in the supply and / or discharge channel, which each leads to or out of the chamber 11, mounted. In particular, positions of the rod electrodes 23 and 25 near the respective chamber opening 17 and / or 21 are preferred. The respective rod electrode is preferably positioned centrally in the sewer pipe and aligned along the pipe axis. Due to the positioning of the rod electrode, 23 and / or 25 in the respective sewer pipe, a homogeneous ionization of the treatment medium, which passes through the equipped with the rod electrode channel section can be achieved. Even if the ionizing rod electrode 23, 25 is arranged outside the chamber, it is advantageous if in each case a perforated plate 27 and / or 29 for flow control in the upper and / or lower chamber region 15, 19 is arranged. The perforated plate 27 and / or 29, in particular that in the lower region 19, may optionally be designed as a walk-in grid. As the counter electrode to the stick electrodes 23 and 25, e.g. an arranged around the rod electrode tube section are formed. The material 13 to be treated placed in the treatment chamber 31 of the chamber 11 can be flowed from below or above with a treatment medium. The spray nozzle 41 and heater 43 shown in FIGS. 1e and 1f, which are installed in the upper region 15 of the chamber 11, are preferably activated from above, especially when a treatment medium flows in.

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an ionization unit 80 with a rod electrode 85. The ionization unit 80 comprises (in contrast to a surface electrode ionization unit) a rod-shaped electrode 85 (in particular a rod-shaped high-voltage electrode), which in a counter-electrode 89 is electrically conductive is arranged isolated. The high voltage electrode 85 is connected across an insulator 87 opposite the remainder of the structure, i. in particular with respect to the counter electrode 89, arranged electrically insulated.

Optionally, ionizing surface electrodes and stick electrodes can be used in combination in one system. A corresponding example is shown in FIG. 4. In this case, the surface electrodes are used primarily for ionizing the treatment medium flowing into the chamber, while the additional rod electrode 78 is used e.g. predominantly as integrated electrostatic precipitator for residual particle separation and thus exhaust gas purification.

A treatment medium, in particular smoke, which is generated in a smoke generator, is flowed through the first opening 17 or second opening 21 into the chamber 11 and after flowing through the material to be treated 13 via the respective other opening, i. the second opening 21 and the first opening 17 is discharged. The treatment medium, in particular the smoke, can be conditioned as required before flowing through the material to be treated and / or circulated and / or treated after flowing through the material to be treated. In a preferred embodiment of the smokehouse 11, a spray nozzle 41 is admitted to the steam and a heater 43 is provided in front of the respective ionization unit 22 and 24. Depending on requirements, the treatment medium or its composition can be changed. A treatment step, which proceeds in particular using smoke as the treatment medium, is also called smoke phase in the following. A treatment step which takes place using differently or additionally conditioned treatment medium is further described below according to its purpose, e.g. Dry phase or dead-end phase, named.

Upon initiation of the smoking phase from above, the upper ionization unit 22 is activated (e.g., Fig. 1a). The smoke of a smoker generator flows through spray nozzles and steam inlet 41, the heater 41 and then the high-voltage electrodes. The order of spray nozzles, steam inlet and heating is in principle arbitrary, but the above order is preferred. The flowing particles are charged at the high-voltage electrodes by the ionized air molecules. If, for example, the car system 12 with the material to be treated 13 is at the potential of the earth, the charged particles of the flowing treatment medium increasingly move towards the material to be treated and beat down on this. The charged particles are attracted by the electrostatic charge to the grounded material to be treated. The lower ionization unit 24, which may optionally be installed, is turned off, so that the particles do not settle in the pipe system as far as possible.

In order to achieve the most uniform possible fumigation of the material to be treated, the mass flow of the treatment medium can be reversed if necessary. The material to be treated is flowed through from below by the smoke of the smoke generator. In this case, the lower ionization unit is preferably switched on and the upper one switched off.

By the ionized smoke particles settle more particles per time on the treated. As a result, the smoking phase is shorter than during treatment without ionization. In addition to saving time, the item to be treated also has less weight loss because it has been less exposed to elevated, drying temperatures. This leads to low electrical energy and personnel costs and more product yield.

Likewise, the smoke settles more evenly on the material to be treated even with an increased degree of moisture. This leads to a spread of the possible degree of moisture during the smoking process. Uneven moist spots on the material to be treated are smoked more evenly, which positively influences the quality.

Since the ionized smoke precipitates very quickly on the surfaces, the smoke chamber before opening the door or before emptying, can be made very fast smoke by the supply of the smoke generator is closed and both ionization units 22, 24 are turned on. Thus, each surface is used as a collecting electrode and the exhaust gases are particle-free. An exhaust gas cleaning unit can thus be omitted. This leads to less investment and maintenance costs.

During the brewing process, the respective ionization unit 22, 24 can also be switched on in front of the item to be treated. Liquid particles can also be electrostatically charged and behave much like charged solid particles. The hot steam can be brought more targeted to the material to be treated, which in turn reduces the brewing time.

In order to effect a reversal of the direction of the particle flow or the flow through the treatment medium, a guide system for conveying the treatment medium is provided. The guide system consists of a plurality of ducts (hereinafter referred to as channels) and a plurality of flow control valves, which are used to control the flow through the ducts.

A preferred guide system (also referred to here as an air-guiding system) for the treatment medium for alternating operation of the smokehouse (reversing the direction of flow in the smokehouse during the smoke phase) preferably includes flow and return to the smoke generator. The guide system is designed such that the flow can be performed alternately to the first opening 17 of the smoking chamber 11 and the second opening 21 of the smokehouse 11 out, or that the return corresponding to alternately from the second opening 21 and the first opening 17 of the smoke chamber 11 can be returned to the smoke generator.

A guide system is preferably designed such that, as a suction point between the smoke generator, fresh air or circulating air, in particular circulating air without smoke absorption, can be switched.

The guide system is preferably designed such that in a circulating air mode, i. Circulation mode, the treatment medium, in particular - without receiving additional smoke - can circulate several times through smokehouse and guide system, the circulation direction is preferably alternating or reversible.

The guiding system is preferably designed such that a circulating air mode, in particular a recirculation mode without smoke absorption, can be combined with an ionization (for example one of said ionizing units or another ionizing unit in the guiding system itself), which is used for residual particle separation in the circulating channel, i. in the circulation, leads.

The guiding system preferably comprises at least one fresh air flap for adjusting the supply of fresh air, a recirculation flap (i.e., circulation flap) for adjusting the circulating air mode, a smoke flap for setting the smoke supply and an exhaust flap for adjusting the exhaust air outlet.

In the following, two variants of the guide system will be presented on the basis of schematic representations: a variant for the alternating operation with unidirectional fan (FIG. 2) and another variant for the alternating operation with bidirectional fan (FIGS. 3 and 4).

The guide system 45 (ie, air handling system) for the treatment medium, as shown in Figs. 2a and 2b, serves to convey the treatment medium with or without a smoke impact by means of a unidirectionally directed fan 51. In the present embodiment, the unidirectionally directed Fan outside the chamber IT integrated into the guide system 45. The first and second openings 17, 21 are connected to each other via two circulation paths in the guide system. The first circulation path leads from the first opening 17 via a first channel 53 to the unidirectional fan 51, which acts as a suction in this channel, and leads to the second opening 21 after the fan 51 via a second channel 55, which acts in this channel blowing. The second circulation path leads from the second opening 21 via a third channel 57 to the unidirectional fan 51, which acts in this channel suction, and leads after the fan 51 via the aforementioned second channel 55 to the first opening 17. The first channel 53 and the third Channel 57 both have a flow control flap. Depending on which of the two openings 17 or 21 is to be sucked in, either the flap 4 in the first channel 53 or the flap 8 in the third channel 57 is opened. The second channel 55 has two flaps, flap 3 and flap 6, wherein flap 3 between the fan 51 and the first opening 17 and flap 6 between the fan 51 and the second opening 21 is applied. The second channel 55 thus leads back to the first or second opening 17 or 21 after passage of the fan 51, depending on which of the two flaps 3 or 6 is open. The first channel 53 and the third channel 57 converge and lead via a transfer channel 59 with flap 5 on to the fan 51. If flap 5 is opened, a simple or alternating circulation of the treatment medium without smoke absorption can be performed. Alternatively, the first channel 53 and the third channel 57 for the purpose of smoke through a common smoke return channel 61, the smoke generator 60 and a smoke flow channel 63 to the fan 51. A flap 2 in the flow channel 63 controls the flow through the flow channel and thus effectively the smoke or the Smoke intake through the treatment medium. Upstream of the direct-acting fan 51 and downstream of flap 5 (which serves to regulate the circulation without smoke) and flap 2 (which controls the smoke supply and thus in the regulation of the circulation with smoke) is preferably a fresh air pass 65 is provided. The air supply permission 65 can be regulated via flap 7 (fresh air flap). An exhaust air outlet 67 with exhaust flap 1 is preferably applied in the wall of the smokehouse 11. About the exhaust damper 1 in particular the discharge of exhaust air is regulated. Expediently, fresh air admission 65 and exhaust air discharge 67 are created in areas of the smoking system which are always flowed under fan operation and can therefore be activated effectively at any time via the respective flaps 1 and 7.

The guide system 70 (ie air guide system) for the treatment medium, as shown in Figs. 3a, 3b, 3c and 4, serves to convey the treatment medium with or without smoke impact by means of a bidirectionally directed fan 71. In the present embodiment the bidirectionally directed fan in the chamber 11 between the first opening 17 and the first ionization unit 23 is applied to the flow of the treatment medium as evenly as possible between the individual pieces of Behandlungsguts 13 down to the second ionization unit 25 and the second opening 21st blow out. The first and second openings 17 and 21 are directly connected via a circulation channel 72 or circulation channel. By open position of the flap 5 (circulation flap), which is arranged in the circulation channel 72, preferably in the middle midway between the first and the second opening, the circulation of the treatment medium without smoke admission is optionally permitted. In each case a branching off from the circulation channel 72 channel 73, 74 below and above the circulation flap 5 leads to the smoke generator 60. The two channels 73 and 74 thus form another circulation path or circulation channel, which runs in contrast to the circulation path through channel 72 via a smoke generator , In one or both of these channels 73 and 74 preferably at least one flap 2 (smoke flap) is applied, which regulates the flow rate through the smoke generator 60. When the recirculation flap 5 is closed and the smoke flap 2 is opened, the treatment medium circulates via the smoke generator from the first to the second opening or vice versa, depending on which direction the fan is conducting the flow. An exhaust port 75 with exhaust flap 1 is preferably present in the wall of the smokehouse 11. About the exhaust valve 1, in particular the discharge of exhaust air is regulated. A fresh air admission 76 with flap 7 (fresh air flap) is also provided in the wall of the chamber 11. Fresh air inlet 76 and exhaust outlet 75 are preferably in direct flow contact with the treatment chamber of the chamber 11 and can therefore be activated effectively at any time via the respective flap 7 and V. Conveniently, fresh air admission 76 and exhaust air outlet 75 are applied in areas of the smoke incinerator which are always flowed under fan operation, preferably at different ends of the chamber 11, as seen in the flow direction.

An alternating operation of the smokehouse according to FIG. 3 (reversing the direction of flow in the smokehouse 11 during the smoke phase) is achieved in particular by the possibility of a flow reversal, in particular by a bidirectional fan, in the guide system 70 in combination with an alternating structure of flow and return (channels 73 and 74) of the smoke generator 60 is given.

Application Example 1: Alternating operation with unidirectional fan:

For the alternating operation of a smoke house according to FIG. 2, the smoke generator can be connected as follows.

In the center is the unidirectional fan 51, which optionally a heating element 77, spray nozzle and steam generator can be connected downstream. As a suction, the fan 51 can switch between smoke absorption (smoke generator 60, flap 2), fresh air (flap 7) or circulating air (flap 5). The flaps 3, 4, 6, 8 form a switch, which allows flow from above or below.

Smoke phase - flow from above

The flaps 3 and 8 are open, 4 and 6 closed. The result is a closed circuit in which the fan 51 sucks the treatment medium from the smoke generator 60 via the flap 2, then passes through the optional heater 77 and passes through the flap 3 and the upper ionization unit 22 in the treatment room 31. After the treatment medium has flowed through the chamber 11, the return path via the flap 8 back into the smoke generator 60th

Smoke phase - flow from below

For the flow from below, the flaps 4 and 6 are opened. The fan 51 does not have to change the direction of rotation for this change of direction of the treatment medium in the treatment space 31.

Drying phase - flow from below

In the drying phase, the heater 77 is turned on and the fan draws a portion of fresh air through the flap 7, as well as a portion of the circulating treatment medium on the circulating air damper 5. So that the moisture in the circulating air can escape and no overpressure in the overall system, At the same time the flap 1 is opened, through which a part of the treatment medium can escape.

Phase before emptying

Before emptying the chamber 11, in particular the treatment chamber 31, the treatment medium can be circulated e.g. over the flaps 4, 6, 5 "dead run". After a short time, all the particles have settled down. And the treatment chamber 31 can be emptied via exhaust flap 1 and the fresh air flap 7.

Application example 2: Alternating operation with bidirectional fan:

Optionally, a bidirectional fan 71 can also be installed which can be installed directly above the upper ionization unit 22. This can offer certain advantages for the automatic cleaning, since the fan 71 and the circulation channel 45 with flap 5 can be cleaned in the same process (same cleaning nozzle and drain system). Prerequisite for this structure is that flow and return (channels 73 and 74) of the Rauerzeugers 60 is constructed alternately.

Smoke phase - flow from above

When the flow from above, the fan 71 presses the treatment medium through a heating element (optional), a spray nozzle (optional), a steam generator (optional) and then via the ionization unit in the treatment room. The order is arbitrary. Via the flap 2, the smoke is returned to the smoke generator 60.

Smoke phase - flow from below

In the case of a reverse inversion of the treatment medium, the direction of rotation of the fan must be rotated and, correspondingly, the lower ionization unit 24 switched on. The flap positions remain the same. Here, the treatment medium is sucked out of the room.

Drying phase - flow from below

In the drying phase, the smokehouse 11 flows through from bottom to top. The exhaust air flap V is slightly opened. Also, the flap 5 and 7 is opened slightly. The flap 2 to the smoke generator 60 remains closed. Via the flap T, the fan 71 sucks in fresh air. Since the recirculation flap 5 generates a slight overpressure, part of the treatment medium will automatically escape via the exhaust flap 1.

Dead-end phase - flow from above

Before emptying the smoke chamber 11, the smoke over the recirculating air flap 5 can run dead. Ideally, the lower ionization unit 24 is then turned on when flowing from above, so that the separation effect does not start on the material to be treated 13, but in the circulation channel 72 with the flap 5. Since this channel 72 is located in the smoke chamber 60 and is accessible from the smoke chamber, it is easy to clean.

Dead-end phase - with integrated electrostatic filter in the return channel

The "dead run" in the circulation channel 72 can be significantly shortened by the use of at least one or more high voltage electrode in this channel 72. In this case, the circulation channel 72 acts as an integrated electrostatic filter 78, which can be cleaned with the same cleaning unit as the treatment room (FIG. 4).

While specific embodiments have been described above, it will be apparent that various combinations of the illustrated embodiments may be used so far as the embodiments are not mutually exclusive.

While the invention has been described above with reference to specific embodiments, it is obvious that changes, modifications, variations and combinations may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

[0111] <tb> 1,1 <SEP> Flap or exhaust flap <tb> 2,2 <SEP> Flap or smoke flap <Tb> 3 <September> flap <Tb> 4 <September> flap <tb> 5, 5 <SEP> Flap or circulating air circulation flap <Tb> 6 <September> flap <tb> 7, 7 <SEP> Flap or fresh air flap <Tb> 8 <September> flap <tb> 11, 11, 11, 11 <SEP> Chamber or smokehouse <tb> 12 <SEP> Transportrwagen, for batchwise loading of the chamber <Tb> 13 <September> treated <tb> 15 <SEP> upper chamber area <tb> 17, 17 <SEP> first opening <tb> 18 <SEP> first perforated plate <tb> 19 <SEP> lower chamber area <tb> 20 <SEP> second perforated plate <tb> 21, 21 <SEP> second opening <tb> 23, 23 <SEP> first electrode <tb> 25, 25 <SEP> second electrode <tb> 27, 27 <SEP> first grid or perforated plate <tb> 29, 29 <SEP> second grid or perforated plate <Tb> 31 <September> treatment room <tb> 33 <SEP> Track, Rail <Tb> 41 <September> spray nozzle <Tb> 43 <September> Heating <Tb> 45 <September> Management System <tb> 51 <SEP> unidirectional fan <tb> 53 <SEP> first channel <tb> 55 <SEP> second channel <tb> 57 <SEP> third channel <Tb> 59 <September> transfer channel <Tb> 60 <September> Smoke Generator <Tb> 61 <September> return channel <Tb> 63 <September> flow channel <Tb> 65 <September> Frischluftzulass <Tb> 67 <September> exhaust vent <Tb> 70 <September> Management System <tb> 71 <SEP> Bidirectional fan <tb> 72 <SEP> Channel, Circulation Channel <Tb> 73 <September> Channel <Tb> 74 <September> Channel <tb> 75 <SEP> Exhaust air opening or exhaust air outlet <Tb> 76 <September> Frischluftzulass <Tb> 77 <September> heating element <Tb> 78 <September> electrostatic precipitator <tb> 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80 <SEP> ionization unit <tb> 83 <SEP> uncharged particles <tb> 84 <SEP> charged particles or charge carriers <tb> 85, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85 <SEP> electrode, in particular high-voltage electrode <tb> 86 <SEP> Flow direction of the treatment medium <tb> 87, 87, 87, 87, 87, 87 <SEP> High voltage insulator <tb> 89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89 <SEP> Counterelectrode <Tb> 91 <September> Aperture <Tb> 93 <September> saw teeth <tb> 94 <SEP> wire or fine rope <tb> 95 <SEP> peaks, e.g. nails <tb> 101,101 <SEP> Carrier for perforated metal sheet <tb> 103,103 <SEP> Carrier for grid

Claims (28)

1. An electrostatic smoking system, including A chamber (11, 11, 11, 11) having a first opening (17, 17) and a second opening (21, 21) for the flow through the chamber with a treatment medium along a flow path, In the chamber (11, 11, 11, 11) on the flow path a treatment space (31), which is provided for the reception of material to be treated (13), A smoke generator (60) for enriching the treatment medium with smoke, A guide system (45, 70) for conveying the treatment medium into the chamber (11, 11, 11, 11) and out of the chamber (11, 11, 11, 11) out, A first electrode (23, 23), in particular a first ionization unit (22), for ionizing the treatment medium, characterized in that - The guide system is equipped with a circulation channel (72, 55) which connects the first opening (17, 17) with the second opening (21, 21), and - The circulation channel (72, 55) is arranged such that over this the treatment medium can be performed after a passage through the treatment chamber (31) for at least one further passage through the treatment chamber (31) again in the treatment room. 2. The electrostatic smoking system according to claim 1, characterized in that the first electrode (23, 23), in particular the first ionization unit (22), on the flow path in the chamber (11, 11, 11, 11 ) Or in the circulation channel (72, 55) is arranged such that the first electrode (23, 23) and the first ionization unit (22) flows through or is flowed through by the treatment medium with each circulation. 3. The electrostatic smoking system according to one of the preceding claims 1 or 2, characterized in that a second electrode (25, 25), in particular a second ionization unit (24), on the flow path in the chamber (11, 11, 11, 11) or in the circulation channel (72, 55) is arranged such that the second electrode (25, 25) or the first ionization unit (24) flows through or flowed by the treatment medium with each circulation becomes. 4. The electrostatic smoking system according to claim 3, characterized in that the system is configured, on the one hand, the treatment medium on the first electrode (23, 23) and further through the treatment chamber (31) on the second electrode (25, 25 ) And on the other hand, in the opposite direction, to guide the treatment medium to the second electrode (25, 25) and further through the treatment space (31) to the first electrode (23, 23). 5. The electrostatic smoking system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the guide system is designed such that the treatment medium selectively or alternately through the first opening (17, 17) or the second opening (21, 21) directed towards the treatment room (31). 6. The electrostatic smoking system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one first electrode (23, 23, 85) and optionally a second electrode (25, 25) as a rod electrode (23 , 25) or as a surface electrode (23, 25, 85) is executed. 7. The electrostatic smoking system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the at least one first electrode (23, 23, 85) and optionally a second electrode (25, 25) each one as a counter electrode acting further electrode (27, 29, 89) is assigned. 8. The electrostatic smoking system according to the preceding claim 7, characterized in that the counter electrode acting as a further electrode (27, 29, 89) is designed as a network or grid. The electrostatic smoking apparatus according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 8, further comprising an insulator (87) and a high voltage source (81) for the at least first electrode (23, 23, 25, 25, 85). 10. The electrostatic smoking system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the chamber is provided with a closable inlet and a closable outlet for introducing and discharging the material to be treated, wherein preferably the inlet and the outlet for the batch introduction and discharge of Treatment goods is designed by trolley. 11. The electrostatic smoking system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the system further includes a dehumidifier, a moistening device (41), a cooling device and / or a heating device (43). 12. The electrostatic smoking system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the guide system (45) for selectively or alternately conveying the treatment medium is equipped with a unidirectional fan and further preferably is equipped with two flow circuits, which alternately via the fan be flowed to the flow reversal in the treatment chamber. 13. The electrostatic smoking system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the guide system for selectively or alternately conveying the treatment medium is equipped with a bidirectional fan for flow reversal in the treatment chamber and optionally further with a reversible flow and return system of the smoke generator equipped. 14. Electrostatic smoking method including the sequential process steps - Streaming a smoke-containing smoke and ionized treatment medium over the surface of a material to be treated in a treatment chamber (11,11, 11, 11), and - One or more circulating the treatment medium from the treatment chamber through a circulation channel back into the treatment chamber and over the surface of the material to be treated. 15. The electrostatic smoking method according to the preceding claim 14, characterized in that the circulating, in particular the repeated circulating of the treatment medium without additional smoke, with additional smoke absorption or by combining of circulation steps with and without additional smoke absorption takes place. 16. The electrostatic smoking method according to any one of claims 14 or 15, characterized in that the circulating, in particular the repeated circulating, the treatment medium with or without additional smoke absorption with activation of at least one ionizing electrode, which is arranged in the circulation path runs. 17. The electrostatic smoking process according to claim 16, characterized in that during the process step of the circulation of the treatment medium without additional smoke absorption with activation of at least one ionizing electrode, the at least one activated ionizing electrode in the treatment chamber (11, 11, 11, 11 ) In the flow direction of the material to be treated (13) and / or readjusted, preferably presented. 18. The electrostatic smoking method according to any one of the preceding claims 14-17, characterized by a deflection of the flow direction in the treatment chamber in the opposite direction, in particular repeated deflection, smoke absorption with simultaneous activation of an ionizing electrode, which in the flow direction before the treated material (13) is, preferably which in the treatment chamber (11, 11, 11, 11) in the flow direction of the treated material (13) is presented. 19. The electrostatic smoking method according to the preceding claim, wherein the circulating step is continued until substantially all of the particles have separated before the draining of the treatment medium via an exhaust damper follows. The electrostatic smoking process of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one conditioning step from the group consisting of dehumidifying, wetting, cooling and heating. 21. An electrostatic smoking system, in particular according to claim 1, for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 14-20. 22, ionization unit (80) for an electrostatic smoking system, in particular for an electrostatic smoking system according to one of claims 1-21, characterized in that it is constructed from at least A first electrode (23, 25, 85), in particular a high voltage electrode, A further electrode (89) acting as a counterelectrode, - An insulator (87) for the first electrode (23, 25, 85) and A voltage generator, preferably a high-voltage generator for applying a voltage or high voltage to the first electrode (23, 25, 85), characterized in that the first electrode (23, 25, 85) is designed as a rod electrode. 23. Ionization unit according to claim 22, characterized in that the counterelectrode acting as further electrode (89) as a pipe or pipe section (in particular as a pipe section of a guide system, in particular of the circulation channel) is executed and that designed as a rod electrode first electrode ( 85) centered in the further electrode (89), wherein the first electrode is electrically insulated from the further electrode by means of the insulator (87). 24 Ionisationseinheit (22, 24, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80) for an electrostatic smoking system, in particular for an electrostatic smoking system according to one of claims 1-21, characterized in that this is made up of at least A first electrode (23, 25, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85), in particular a high voltage electrode, A further electrode (27, 29, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89) acting as a counterelectrode, - An insulator (87,87, 87, 87, 87) for the first electrode (23, 25, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85 and A voltage generator, preferably a high voltage generator (81), for applying a voltage or high voltage to the first electrode (23, 25, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85), characterized in that the first electrode (23, 25, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85) and the counter electrode (27, 29, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89) acting further electrode are designed as surface electrodes, which are aligned parallel to each other and having a plurality of Durchströmungsaussparungen. 25. Ionization unit according to claim 24, characterized in that the electrode (23, 25, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85) over their area extent with a plurality of elevations, in particular peaks, is busy. 26. Ionization unit according to claim 25, characterized in that elevations are applied to that side of the electrode (23, 25, 85, 85, 85, 85) which is assigned to the counter-electrode (27, 29 , 89, 89, 89, 89). 27. Ionization unit according to one of claims 22-26, characterized in that electrode (23, 25, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85) and counter electrode (27, 29, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89) are arranged in parallel or plane-parallel configuration. 28. Ionization unit according to one of claims 22 to 27, characterized in that the counter electrode (27, 29, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89) is designed as a grid or mesh.