CH708148B1 - Measuring, tracing or sighting instrument. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an instrument (1) for measuring, plotting or aiming comprising a first mark (8a), a second mark (8b), a third mark (8c) and a fourth mark (8d) connected together by a connecting element (10) allowing relative displacement of the marks according to the following formula: with: d1 the distance between the first and fourth marks; d2 the distance between the second and fourth marks; d6 the distance between the first and third marks; and Φ a constant number, in particular Φ is equal to or substantially equal to 1.5, or 1.6 or 1.62 or 1.618 or (1 + √5) / 2.

Description

Description: The present invention relates to the field of measuring, tracing or aiming instruments as well as to the use of such an instrument.

Such measuring, tracing or aiming instruments are generally used for the production of architectural plans or works of art such as paintings or sculptures.

In the context of such achievements, it is often necessary to quantify and measure the objects, people or even environments to be reproduced in order to be able to represent them in realistic proportions.

To do this, known in the prior art of measuring instruments implementing the principle known as the "Golden Number".

[0005] However, such instruments are often very bulky and are moreover of complex use. Indeed, they systematically require that tedious and long calculations are carried out which are not suitable for regular use of these instruments, in the context of such embodiments.

The present invention aims to solve these problems resulting from the drawbacks of the state of the art.

Advantageously, the measuring, tracing or sighting instrument of the present invention is compact and can be used easily.

In this design, the invention relates to a measuring, tracing or aiming instrument comprising a first mark, a second mark, a third mark and a fourth mark linked together by a connecting element allowing relative movement of the benchmarks according to the following formula:

dl dl - = - = φ d2 d6 with:

- d1 the distance between the first and fourth marks;

- d2 the distance between the second and fourth marks;

- d6 the distance between the first and third marks; and

- Φ a constant number, in particular Φ is equal to or substantially equal to 1.5, or 1.6 or 1.62 or 1.618 or (1 + ^ 5) / 2, and / or comprising a first coordinate system, a second coordinate system, a third coordinate system, a fourth mark and a fifth mark linked together by a connecting element allowing relative displacement of the marks according to the following formula:

dl d3 - = - = φ d2 d4 with:

- d1 the distance between the first and fourth marks;

- d2 the distance between the second and fourth marks;

- d3 the distance between the third and fourth marks;

- d4 the distance between the fifth and fourth marks;

- Φ a constant number, in particular Φ is equal to or substantially equal to 1.5, or 1.6 or 1.62 or 1.618 or (1 + ^ 5) / 2, and / or comprising a first coordinate system, a second coordinate system, a third coordinate system, a fourth mark, a fifth mark and a sixth mark linked together by a connecting element allowing relative displacement of the marks according to the following formula:

dl d3 d4 - = - = - - φ d2 d4 d5 with:

- d1 the distance between the first and fourth marks;

- d2 the distance between the second and fourth marks;

- d3 the distance between the third and fourth marks;

- d4 the distance between the fifth and fourth marks;

- d5 the distance between the sixth and fourth marks; and

- Φ a constant number, in particular Φ is equal or substantially equal to 1.5, or 1.6 or 1.62 or 1.618 or (1 + ^ 5) / 2.

According to particular embodiments:

- the connecting element comprises in particular four deformable parallelograms (T1, T2, T3, T4), in particular parallelograms whose length ratio of two contiguous sides, is equal to

- The connecting element comprises branches capable of forming at their free end a mark aiming at defining a measurement, said branches being connected to each other by articulation elements so as to be able to move between an unfolded position in which the marks are distant from each other and a folded position in which these pins are substantially contiguous to each other;

- The connecting element comprises sub-branches of a length less than that of the branches;

- the branches form four pairs of branches which are interconnected at one of their ends by a hinge element;

- one branch of each pair of branches is connected to two branches of different pairs by articulation elements;

- the sub-branches are each connected by articulation elements to two branches of different pairs comprising less than three articulation elements;

- the free end of the sub-branches forms a mark aiming to define a measurement;

- Each marker includes a housing capable of receiving an element capable of carrying out a pointing and / or a measurement marking;

- the marks are included on the same line;

- The connecting element comprises a locking element of said instrument in a given position;

- the ends of a branch or a sub-branch include articulation elements;

- the sub branches are straight and of the same length;

- the branches are straight, and

- the sub branches are straight and of the same length.

The invention also relates to the use of such a measuring instrument making it possible to determine a regulatory path, comprising the following steps:

- positioning and unfolding of said instrument in a given position;

- maintaining said instrument in the given position, and

- marking of the measurement made from an element capable of carrying out a pointing and / or a measurement marking included in a reference of said instrument.

Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear better on reading the description of a preferred embodiment which will follow, with reference to the figures below, produced by way of indicative and nonlimiting example :

fig. 1A represents an instrument for measuring, tracing or aiming in an unfolded position according to this embodiment of the invention;

fig. 1B is an enlarged view of a mark of the measuring, drawing or sighting instrument illustrated in FIG. 1A;

fig. 2 represents the measuring, tracing or sighting instrument which is in a particular unfolded position according to this embodiment of the invention;

fig. 3 is a top view of the front face of the instrument according to this embodiment of the invention;

fig. 4 is a top view of the rear face of the instrument according to this embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a regulatory layout obtained by using the instrument according to this embodiment.

The measuring, tracing or sighting instrument 1 illustrated in FIGS. 1 A to 4 allows, in addition to being simple to use, to carry out a regulating layout 24 based on the Golden Number in order to place within the framework of the realization of architectural plans or works of art like painting or the sculpture, the object or centers of interest of the object, of this realization, to be represented.

This instrument 1 includes pins 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h connected together by a connecting element capable of varying the distances d1, d2, d3, d4, d5 and d6 proportionally. between these different marks.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, these distances correspond for:

- d1 to that which is between the external references 8a and 8d;

- d2 to that which is between the internal reference 8b and the external reference 8d;

- d3 to that which is between the internal reference 8c and the external reference 8d or even between the internal reference 8b and the external reference 8a;

- d4 to that which is between the intermediate reference 8g and the external reference 8d or even between the intermediate reference 8f and the external reference 8a;

d5 to that which is between the intermediate reference 8h and the external reference 8d or even between the intermediate reference 8e and the external reference 8a, and

- d6 to that which is between the external reference 8a and the internal reference 8c.

Thus, when the instrument 1 comprises a first mark 8a, a second mark 8b, a third mark 8c and a fourth mark 8d linked together by a connecting element 10, the latter allows a relative displacement of these marks according to the following formula:

dl dl - = - = φ d2 d6 When this instrument 1 comprises a first mark 8a, a second mark 8b, a third mark 8c, a fourth mark 8d and a fifth mark 8g linked together by a connecting element 10, the latter authorizes a relative displacement of these markers according to the following formula:

dl d3 - = - = φ d2 d4 And when, this instrument 1 comprises a first mark 8a, a second mark 8b, a third mark 8c, a fourth mark 8d, a fifth mark 8g and a sixth mark 8h connected between them by a connecting element 10, the latter authorizes a relative displacement of these pins according to the following formula:

dl d3 d4 - = - = - = φ d2 d4 d5 [0018] Φ is a constant number which is in particular equal to or substantially equal to 1.5, or 1.6 or 1.62 or 1.618 or (1 + ^ 5) / 2. The connecting element of this instrument 1 can include four deformable parallelograms T1, T2, T3, T4. For each of these parallelograms T1, T2, T3, T4 the ratio of the length of their side a of larger dimension with side b of smaller dimension, contiguous to side a, is equal to the value of Φ, that is:

Note that when the instrument 1 has four pins 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d connected together by the connecting element 10 which is capable of varying the distances d1, d2 and d3 between these pins, the position of the primary and secondary Gold lines is determined from markers 8b and 8c.

This connecting element 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1A to 4 includes:

- branches 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4th, 4f, 4g, 4h;

- hinge elements 3, 6, 7;

- sub-branches 5a, 5b;

- a locking element 11.

The branches 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4th, 4f, 4g, 4h can be made of plastic, wood or a metal or alloy such as aluminum which can be anodized. They can be straight or curved. Among these branches 4a to 4h, the branches 4a, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4h have a length different from that of the branches 4b and 4g.

These branches 4a to 4h have for example the following dimensions:

width of about 7.5 to 8.5 mm;

- thickness of about 1.5 to 2.3 mm, and

- length for:

• branches 4a, 4c, 4d, 4th, 4f, 4h, approximately 180 to 185 mm;

• branches 4b, 4g, approximately 149 to 152 mm.

These branches 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4th, 4f, 4g, 4h have two ends, one of which has a hinge element 3 allowing it to be connected to another branch. The other end known as “free”, in particular because it is not linked to another branch by an articulation element 3, can form a reference 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8h aiming to define a measure or alternatively include a hinge element 6.

Aux f Ig. 1 and 2 for example, the instrument 1 has eight branches 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4th, 4f, 4g, 4h, six of which include markers 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h at their so-called free end - branches 4a, 4c, 4d, 4th, 4f and 4h - and two have at this end a hinge element 6 - branches 4b and 4g.

Alternatively, the instrument 1 may include branches 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4th, 4f, 4g, 4h whose so-called free end has only markers.

As we have seen previously, the instrument 1 also includes sub-branches 5a and 5b. These sub-branches 5a and 5b form at their free end a reference 8f, 8g.

They can be straight or curved and of the same length. They can be made of a rigid material such as plastic, wood or a metal or alloy such as aluminum which can be anodized or stainless steel.

They generally have the same dimensions. These dimensions correspond for example:

- length of about 92 to 96 mm;

- width of approximately 7.5 to 8.5 mm, and

- thickness of about 1.5 to 2.3 mm.

Note that these sub-branches 5a, 5b have a length which is less than that of the branches 4a to 4h of the instrument 1 for measuring, tracing or aiming.

In this instrument 1, the branches 4a to 4h and the sub-branches 5a, 5b are interconnected by articulation elements 3, 6 and 7 so as to provide thus evolve between an unfolded position, as well as is illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, to a folded position as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, and vice versa.

These hinge elements 6,3,7 have the function of connecting the branches 4a to 4b and the sub-branches 5a, 5b together so that they can be movable at the connection points which constitute these articulation elements 3, 6 and 7. Such a articulation element 3, 6, 7 corresponds for example to a part which may be made of wood, plastic or a metal or alloy such as copper or aluminum or stainless steel or can be anodized. Such a part corresponds for example to a non-removable flush rivet designed for flexible, precise and durable use.

In fig. 1 A, the instrument 1 is shown in the unfolded position. In this position, the references 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h are distant from each other in comparison with their distance in the folded position, illustrated in FIG. 3 and 4, where the latter are close or even substantially contiguous to each other.

In fig. 2 the difference between each reference 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h is particular. In this unfolded position, all the branches 4a to 4h and under branches 5a, 5b connected together and which are therefore movable relative to each other, form between them an opening angle of about 90 °.

When the instrument 1 is in a folded position which is at its maximum, the references 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h are close to or even joined to one another, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. In this maximum folded position, the measuring instrument 1 has a very small footprint, for example having as dimensions:

- length of the order from 195 to 205 mm;

- width of the order of 55 to 65 mm, and

- thickness of the order of 1.5 to 2.3 mm.

The measuring instrument 1 can thus be easily transported.

In the maximum unfolded position, the difference between the marks 8a and 8d of the branches 4a and 4h is about 750 to 850 mm.

In this instrument 1, the branches 4a to 4h form four pairs 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d of branches which are connected together, at one of their ends by a hinge element 3.

The pairs formed by these branches 4a to 4h are the following:

- 4a and 4b form the pair 2a;

- 4c and 4d form the pair 2b;

- 4th and 4f form the pair 2c, and

- 4g and 4h form the 2d pair.

A branch 4a to 4h of each pair 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d of branches is connected to two branches 4a to 4h of different pairs by articulation elements 6.

For example in fig. 2:

- The branch 4b of the pair 2a is connected by articulation elements 6 to the branches 4c and 4th of the pairs 2b and 2c;

- the branch 4d of the pair 2b is connected by articulation elements 6 to the branches 4e and 4g of the pairs 2c and 2d;

- the 4th branch of the pair 2c is connected by articulation elements 6 to the branches 4d and 4b of the pairs 2b and 2a, and

- the branch 4g of the pair 2d is connected by articulation elements 6 to the branches 4f and 4d of the pairs 2c and 2b.

It will also be noted that the branches 4b and 4g of each of the pairs 2a and 2d have at their free end an articulation element 6, and not a mark 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h as is the case for the other branches 4a, 4c, 4d, 4th, 4f, 4h.

In this instrument 1, the sub-branches 5a and 5b are each connected by articulation elements 7 with two branches 4a, 4c, 4f, 4h of different pairs comprising less than three articulation elements 3, 6. For example , in fig. 1A and 2 the articulation elements 7 connect:

the sub-branch 5a to the branches 4a of the pair 2a and 4c of the pair 2b, and

- the sub-branch 5b to the branches 4h of the pair 2d and 4f of the pair 2c.

By not taking into account the articulation element 7, these branches 4a and 4h belonging to pairs 2a and 2d include a hinge element 3 and the branches 4c and 4f of pairs 2b and 2c have two elements d 'articulation 3 and 6.

These sub-branches 5a, 5b have, like the branches 4a, 4c, 4d, 4th, 4f and 4h, a free end which forms a reference 8g, 8f intended to define a measurement.

The marks 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8th, 8f, 8g, 8h formed at the same time by the free end of the branches 4a, 4c, 4d, 4th, 4f and the sub-branches 5a, 5b are always included substantially on the same line, whether the instrument 1 is in the unfolded or folded position. In the present embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1A to 4, instrument 1 has eight. More specifically it includes:

- two external references 8a and 8d which are the first reference 8a and the fourth reference 8d;

two interior markers 8b and 8c which are the second mark 8b and the third mark 8c, and

- four intermediate marks 8e, 8f, 8g and 8h of which the fifth mark 8g and the sixth mark 8h are part.

As illustrated for example in FIGS. 1A and 1B, each of these references 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h comprises at its end a notch 11 and a housing 9 which is capable of receiving an element capable of achieving a pointing and / or a measurement marking. This housing 9 has a diameter which is between approximately 1 mm and 3 mm. These housings 9 make it possible in particular to measure the exact distance of a difference between two marks 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h.

The element which is capable of scoring or marking measurement can for example relate to a pencil point or a fine point - compass, needle, thumbtack.

Thus, it is then possible to draw primary, secondary and tertiary Gold lines on the surface of a support, such as a painting, and determine the main lines and points of interest of this painting.

The mark 8b, formed by the free end of the 4th branch of the pair 2c which is connected to the branches 4d, 4b of the pairs 2b and 2a, includes a visual indicator which can correspond for example to a particular color or shape of this mark 8b.

This visual indicator makes it possible to determine directly and without calculation a visual measurement, relating to the Fibonacci sequence by the use of the value of Φ used in this sequence, for a segment measured between the marks 8a and 8d of the branches 4a and 4h or between the marks 8a and 8c of the branches 4a and 4e or the marks 8d and 8b of the branches 4h and 4th.

Indeed in FIG. 2, examples are given:

- by positioning the marks 8a and 8d at the ends of a segment AC, it is then possible to measure the length of a segment BC from the mark 8b comprising a visual indicator and of the mark 8d without it being necessary to perform the following calculation: AC / Φ = BC;

- by positioning the mark 8b comprising a visual indicator and the external mark 8d at the ends of the segment BC, it is then possible to measure or point the length:

• of a segment AB from marks 8a and 8b without it being necessary to carry out the following calculation: BC /

Φ = AB;

• of a segment BB1 from the reference 8b comprising a visual indicator and of the reference 8c without it being necessary to carry out the following calculation: BC / Φ = BB1;

• of an AC segment from marks 8a and 8d without the following calculation being necessary:

BC X Φ = AC, and

- by positioning the marker 8a and the marker comprising the visual indicator 8b at the ends of the segment AB, it is then possible to measure the length of the segment BC from the marker 8b comprising a visual indicator and the marker 8d without it being necessary to perform the following calculation: AB x Φ = BC.

It will be noted that the measuring instrument 1 makes it possible to determine this constant ratio between two segments whatever the angle of opening, thanks to its proportionality.

As we have seen previously and that is illustrated in FIG. 2 the instrument 1 can have a particular unfolded position where all the branches 4a to 4h and under branches 5a, 5b, which are connected together, form an opening angle of about 90 °.

In this particular position, the instrument 1 then makes it possible to quickly obtain the measurements relating to the Fibonacci sequence which are the palm, the palm, the span, the foot and the cubit.

As we have seen previously, for a measurement of the palm equal to approximately 7.4 cm, indicated in fig. 2 by distance d5, the measurement of:

- the palm is obtained by multiplying the measurement of the palm by Φ, which is then equal to 12.36 cm and which is indicated in fig. 2 by the distance d4;

- the span is obtained by multiplying the measurement of the palm par®, which is then equal to 20 cm and which is indicated in fig. 2 by the distance d3;

- the foot is obtained by multiplying the span measurement by Φ, which is then equal to 32.36 cm and which is indicated in fig. 2 by the distance d2, and

- the cubit is obtained by multiplying the measurement of the foot by Φ, which is then equal to 52.36 cm and which is indicated in fig. 2 by the distance d1.

We then understand that from the moment we know one of the measures relating to the palm, palm, span, foot or cubit, the other measures can then be determined by multiplying / dividing this measurement known by®. Thanks to the measuring instrument 1, it is not necessary to calculate these values. It just needs to be positioned properly on the support.

The measuring instrument 1 may include a locking element 11. This locking element 11 for example replaces the articulation element 6 which connects two sets of two pairs such as pairs 2a and 2b with the pairs 2c and 2d. Such a locking element 11 is illustrated, for example, for the instrument 1 shown in FIGS. 1A and 3.

This locking element 11, in addition to performing the same functions as a hinge element 3, 6, 7, can additionally hold the instrument 1 in a given position between a maximum unfolded and folded position. Such holding of the instrument in a given position is obtained by actuation of this locking element 11, for example by screwing. It can correspond, for example, to a knurled button or to a threaded or tapped button cooperating with a complementary threaded or tapped element.

For example in FIG. 1 A, the sets of two pairs 2a, 2b and 2c, 2d are connected by this locking element 11 at the branch 4d of the set of two pairs 2a, 2b and of the branch 4e of the set of two pairs 2c, 2d. In fig. 2, it is the articulation element 6 which makes such a connection of the branches 4d and 4e. This locking element 11, or the articulation element 6, is located substantially in the middle of these two branches 4d, 4e.

This locking element 11, or the articulation element 6, can be included on an axis of symmetry 12 which separates the measuring instrument 1 into two substantially equal parts.

In the context of the use of this measuring, tracing or aiming instrument 1, it is possible very quickly to indicate on a medium marks making it possible to determine a simple or complex regulating trace 24 based on the Number as shown in fig. 5.

In an example of using instrument 1, the following steps can be performed:

- Position and unfold the instrument 1 horizontally so that the marks 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h are at the ends of the support, for example a painting board;

- Maintain the instrument 1 in the given position, by screwing the locking element 11 so as to lock the measuring instrument 1 in the position where the desired opening angle;

- mark by the element capable of carrying out a measurement marking the position of the primary gold lines corresponding to the marks 8b, 8c, then if necessary the secondary gold lines corresponding to the marks 8g, 8f, and the gold lines tertiary corresponding to the 8h and 8th benchmarks, and

- then carry out the previous steps by now positioning the measuring instrument 1 vertically in order to obtain the regulator line 24 of the Gold lines.

It will be noted that when the instrument 1 is in the vertical position the following marks make it possible to draw the lines mentioned below:

- mark 8b: an upper primary horizontal line 28;

- reference 8c: a lower primary horizontal line 27;

- reference 8f: an upper secondary horizontal line 29;

- mark 8g: a lower secondary horizontal line 26;

- reference 8e: an upper tertiary horizontal line 30, and

- 8h mark: a lower tertiary horizontal line 25.

When it is in a horizontal position:

- mark 8b: a straight primary vertical line 34;

- mark 8c: a left primary vertical line 33;

reference 8f: a straight secondary vertical line 35;

- mark 8g: a left secondary vertical line 32;

- reference 8e: a straight tertiary vertical line 36, and

- 8h mark: a left tertiary vertical line 31.

This regulator trace 24, illustrated in FIG. 5, may include:

a left upper tertiary point 19 corresponding to the intersection of the upper tertiary horizontal line 30 with the left tertiary vertical line 31;

a lower left tertiary point 17 corresponding to the intersection of the lower tertiary horizontal line 25 with the left tertiary vertical line 31;

a left upper secondary point 20 corresponding to the intersection of the upper secondary horizontal line 29 with the left secondary vertical line 32;

- A lower left secondary point 18 corresponding to the intersection of the lower secondary horizontal line 26 with the left secondary vertical line 32;

a left upper primary point 21 corresponding to the intersection of the upper primary horizontal line 28 with the left primary vertical line 33, and

- lower left primary point 22 corresponding to the intersection of the lower primary horizontal line 27 with the left primary vertical line 33.

According to the same principle, the primary, secondary and tertiary points 23 are also obtained on the right with in particular the right primary vertical lines 34, right secondary vertical 35, right tertiary vertical 36. The concepts of line or point left, right, lower and upper are relative to the vertical and horizontal medians of the table illustrated in fig. 5.

This measuring instrument 1 can also be used:

- to make it possible to draw circles with a diameter much larger than that of a precision compass;

- as a viewfinder and thus make it possible to frame a landscape and to transfer dimensions on a support for a pictorial representation, but also to analyze a landscape, a geometric construction, a sculpture, a plan, a landscaped garden or a work of art, and

- to determine the proportions necessary to draw and / or paint faces or human bodies in realistic proportions.

Such an instrument 1 is manufactured according to the method comprising the following steps:

- cutting, for example by laser, from a wooden, aluminum, steel or plastic plate of branches 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4th, 4f, 4g, 4h and of sub-branches 5a, 5b;

- assembly of branches 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4th, 4f, 4g, 4h from articulation elements 3, 6, and

- realization at a free end of the branches 4a, 4c, 4d, 4th, 4f, 4h of a reference 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h aiming at defining a measurement.

The assembly step includes the following sub-steps:

- formation of pairs of branches 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d connected together at one of their ends by an articulation element 3, and

- connection of a branch 4b, 4d, 4th, 4g of each pair 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d of branches to two branches of different pairs by articulation elements 6.

The method also includes a step of arranging the sub-branches 5a, 5b in the measuring instrument 1 by connecting each of these sub-branches 5a, 5b by articulation elements 7 to branches 4a, 4c, 4f , 4h of pairs 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d different having less than three articulation elements 3, 6.

Claims (15)

Claims 1. Measuring instrument (1) capable of moving between a folded and unfolded position comprising a first mark (8a), a second mark (8b), a third mark (8c) and a fourth mark (8d) connected together by a connecting element (10) allowing relative displacement of the pins according to the following formula: dl dl - = - = φ d2 d6 with: - d1 the distance between the first and fourth marks; - d2 the distance between the second and fourth marks; - d6 the distance between the first and third marks; and - Φ a constant number, in particular Φ is equal to or substantially equal to 1.5, or 1.6 or 1.62 or 1.618 or (1 + ^ 5) / 2, and / or comprising a first reference (8a), a second reference (8b), a third mark (8c), a fourth mark (8d) and a fifth mark (8g) linked together by a connecting element (10) allowing relative displacement of the marks according to the following formula: dl d3 - = - - φ d2 d4 with: - d1 the distance between the first and fourth marks; - d2 the distance between the second and fourth marks; - d3 the distance between the third and fourth marks; - d4 the distance between the fifth and fourth marks; - Φ a constant number, in particular Φ is equal to or substantially equal to 1.5, or 1.6 or 1.62 or 1.618 or (1 + ^ 5) / 2, and / or comprising a first reference (8a), a second reference (8b), a third mark (8c), a fourth mark (8d), a fifth mark (8g) and a sixth mark (8h) linked together by a connecting element (10) allowing a relative displacement of the marks according to the following formula: dl d3 d4 - _ - _ - - φ d2 d4 d5 with: - d1 the distance between the first and fourth marks; - d2 the distance between the second and fourth marks; - d3 the distance between the third and fourth marks; - d4 the distance between the fifth and fourth marks; - d5 the distance between the sixth and fourth marks; and - Φ a constant number, in particular Φ is equal or substantially equal to 1.5, or 1.6 or 1.62 or 1.618 or (1 + ^ 5) / 2. 2. Instrument (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the connecting element (10) comprises deformable parallelograms (T1, T2, T3, T4), in particular four parallelograms (T1, T2, T3, T4) deformable, in particular parallelograms whose length ratio of two contiguous sides is equal to 3. Instrument (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting element (10) comprises branches (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h) forming at their end free the reference (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h) aiming to define a measurement, said branches (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4th, 4f, 4g, 4h) being linked together by articulation elements (6, 3) so as to be able to evolve between an unfolded position in which the pins (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h) are distant from each other and a folded position in which these marks (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h) are substantially contiguous to each other. 4. Instrument (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the connecting element (10) comprises sub-branches (5a, 5b) of a length less than that of the branches (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4th, 4f, 4g, 4h). 5. Instrument (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the branches (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4th, 4f, 4g, 4h) form four pairs of branches (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) which are connected together at one of their ends by an articulation element (3). 6. Instrument (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that a branch (4b, 4d, 4th, 4g) of each pair (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) of branches is connected to two branches (4b, 4c , 4d, 4th, 4f, 4g) of pairs (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) different by articulation elements (6). 7. Instrument (1) according to one of claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the sub-branches (5a, 5b) are each connected by articulation elements (7) with two branches (4a, 4c, 4f, 4h) of different pairs comprising less than three articulation elements (6, 3). 8. Instrument (1) according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the free end of the sub-branches (5a, 5b) forms a reference (8f, 8g) intended to define a measurement. 9. Instrument (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each mark (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h) comprises a housing (9) capable of receiving an element capable of score and / or mark a measurement. 10. Instrument (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pins (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h) are included on the same line. 11. Instrument (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting element (10) comprises a locking element (11) of said instrument (1) in a given position. 12. Instrument (1) according to one of claims 4 to 11, characterized in that the ends of a branch (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4th, 4f, 4g, 4h) or of a sub-branch ( 5a, 5b) comprise articulation elements (7, 6, 3) and / or in that the sub-branches (5a, 5b) are straight and of the same length and / or in that the branches (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4th, 4f, 4g, 4h) are straight. 13. Use of a measuring instrument (1) according to one of the preceding claims for determining a regulatory path, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - positioning and unfolding of said instrument (1) in a desired position or at an angle, - holding said instrument (1) in said position or at said desired angle, in particular by screwing a locking element (11) of said instrument so as to block this measuring instrument (1) in said position or at said desired opening angle, and - marking of a measurement from an element capable of carrying out a pointing and / or a marking of measurement included in a reference of said instrument. 14. Tracing instrument (1) capable of moving between a folded and unfolded position comprising a first mark (8a), a second mark (8b), a third mark (8c) and a fourth mark (8d) linked together by a connecting element (10) allowing relative displacement of the pins according to the following formula: dl dl - = - = φ d2 d6 with: - d1 the distance between the first and fourth marks; - d2 the distance between the second and fourth marks; - d6 the distance between the first and third marks; and - Φ a constant number, in particular Φ is equal to or substantially equal to 1.5, or 1.6 or 1.62 or 1.618 or (1 + ^ 5) / 2, and / or comprising a first reference (8a), a second reference (8b), a third mark (8c), a fourth mark (8d) and a fifth mark (8g) linked together by a connecting element (10) allowing relative displacement of the marks according to the following formula: dl d3 - = - - φ d2 d4 with: - d1 the distance between the first and fourth marks; - d2 the distance between the second and fourth marks; - d3 the distance between the third and fourth marks; - d4 the distance between the fifth and fourth marks; - Φ a constant number, in particular Φ is equal to or substantially equal to 1.5, or 1.6 or 1.62 or 1.618 or (1 + ^ 5) / 2, and / or comprising a first reference (8a), a second reference (8b), a third mark (8c), a fourth mark (8d), a fifth mark (8g) and a sixth mark (8h) linked together by a connecting element (10) allowing a relative displacement of the marks according to the following formula: dl d3 d4 - - - - - _ φ d2 d4 d5 with: - d1 the distance between the first and fourth marks; - d2 the distance between the second and fourth marks; - d3 the distance between the third and fourth marks; - d4 the distance between the fifth and fourth marks; - d5 the distance between the sixth and fourth marks; and - Φ a constant number, in particular Φ is equal or substantially equal to 1.5, or 1.6 or 1.62 or 1.618 or (1 + ^ 5) / 2. 15. Aiming instrument (1) capable of moving between a folded and unfolded position comprising a first mark (8a), a second mark (8b), a third mark (8c) and a fourth mark (8d) linked together by a connecting element (10) allowing relative displacement of the pins according to the following formula: dl dl - - - = φ d2 d6 with: - d1 the distance between the first and fourth marks; - d2 the distance between the second and fourth marks; - d6 the distance between the first and third marks; and - Φ a constant number, in particular Φ is equal to or substantially equal to 1.5, or 1.6 or 1.62 or 1.618 or (1 + ^ 5) / 2, and / or comprising a first reference (8a), a second reference (8b), a third mark (8c), a fourth mark (8d) and a fifth mark (8g) linked together by a connecting element (10) allowing relative displacement of the marks according to the following formula: dl d3 - = - = φ d2 d4 with: - d1 the distance between the first and fourth marks; - d2 the distance between the second and fourth marks; - d3 the distance between the third and fourth marks; - d4 the distance between the fifth and fourth marks; - Φ a constant number, in particular Φ is equal to or substantially equal to 1.5, or 1.6 or 1.62 or 1.618 or (1 + ^ 5) / 2, and / or comprising a first reference (8a), a second reference (8b), a third mark (8c), a fourth mark (8d), a fifth mark (8g) and a sixth mark (8h) linked together by a connecting element (10) allowing a relative displacement of the marks according to the following formula: dl d3 d4 - = - = - - φ d2 d4 d5 with: - d1 the distance between the first and fourth marks; - d2 the distance between the second and fourth marks; - d3 the distance between the third and fourth marks; - d4 the distance between the fifth and fourth marks; - d5 the distance between the sixth and fourth marks; and - Φ a constant number, in particular Φ is equal or substantially equal to 1.5, or 1.6 or 1.62 or 1.618 or (1 + ^ 5) / 2.