CH691263A5 - Gasgenerator zur kontinuierlichen Erzeugung eines brennbaren Gases - Google Patents
Gasgenerator zur kontinuierlichen Erzeugung eines brennbaren Gases Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CH691263A5 CH691263A5 CH02724/95A CH272495A CH691263A5 CH 691263 A5 CH691263 A5 CH 691263A5 CH 02724/95 A CH02724/95 A CH 02724/95A CH 272495 A CH272495 A CH 272495A CH 691263 A5 CH691263 A5 CH 691263A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- rotary tube
- gas generator
- generator according
- air
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 97
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000246 remedial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010891 toxic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/06—Continuous processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/005—Rotary drum or kiln gasifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/154—Pushing devices, e.g. pistons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/158—Screws
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0983—Additives
- C10J2300/0986—Catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0983—Additives
- C10J2300/0996—Calcium-containing inorganic materials, e.g. lime
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
- C10J2300/1643—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
- C10J2300/165—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy integrated with a gas turbine or gas motor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1693—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with storage facilities for intermediate, feed and/or product
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
- C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH02724/95A CH691263A5 (de) | 1995-09-27 | 1995-09-27 | Gasgenerator zur kontinuierlichen Erzeugung eines brennbaren Gases |
| DE59609878T DE59609878D1 (de) | 1995-09-27 | 1996-08-14 | Gasgenerator zur kontinuierlichen Erzeugung eines brennbaren Gases |
| AT96810540T ATE228158T1 (de) | 1995-09-27 | 1996-08-14 | Gasgenerator zur kontinuierlichen erzeugung eines brennbaren gases |
| EP96810540A EP0765928B1 (de) | 1995-09-27 | 1996-08-14 | Gasgenerator zur kontinuierlichen Erzeugung eines brennbaren Gases |
| US08/721,117 US5803936A (en) | 1995-09-27 | 1996-09-26 | Reactor for the continuous production of a flammable gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH02724/95A CH691263A5 (de) | 1995-09-27 | 1995-09-27 | Gasgenerator zur kontinuierlichen Erzeugung eines brennbaren Gases |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH691263A5 true CH691263A5 (de) | 2001-06-15 |
Family
ID=4240184
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH02724/95A CH691263A5 (de) | 1995-09-27 | 1995-09-27 | Gasgenerator zur kontinuierlichen Erzeugung eines brennbaren Gases |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5803936A (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0765928B1 (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE228158T1 (enExample) |
| CH (1) | CH691263A5 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE59609878D1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6005149A (en) * | 1998-08-18 | 1999-12-21 | Engineering, Separation & Recycling, Ltd. Co. | Method and apparatus for processing organic materials to produce chemical gases and carbon char |
| MXPA06011334A (es) * | 2004-04-02 | 2007-03-21 | Skill Associates Inc | Convertidores de biomasa y procesos. |
| JP5060791B2 (ja) * | 2007-01-26 | 2012-10-31 | 独立行政法人森林総合研究所 | 木材の乾燥方法、木材への薬剤浸透方法及び乾燥装置 |
| US20120240831A1 (en) * | 2011-03-22 | 2012-09-27 | Guilherme Martins Ferreira | System and Process for the Combustion of Solid Fuels |
| DE102012210622A1 (de) * | 2012-06-22 | 2013-12-24 | Landgas Thermodirekt GmbH & Co. KG | Gaserzeuger mit Kugelbefüllung |
| US9989251B2 (en) | 2013-01-21 | 2018-06-05 | Conversion Energy Systems, Inc. | System for gasifying waste, method for gasifying waste |
| KR101718502B1 (ko) * | 2014-03-24 | 2017-03-21 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 로타리 킬른형 유동층 반응기 |
| US12217220B2 (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2025-02-04 | Bumerangue Comercio E Servicos De Tecnologias Ambientais Ltda | Method for managing health service solid waste |
| BR202018070746U8 (pt) | 2018-10-08 | 2022-08-16 | Arildo Falcade Junior Me | Gaseificador de resíduos sólidos e líquidos |
| GB2581444B (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-02-24 | Carlton Forest Group Llp | Furnace |
| CN111635773A (zh) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-09-08 | 永清环保股份有限公司 | 一种有机固废热解气化系统及方法 |
Family Cites Families (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB227880A (en) * | 1923-08-17 | 1925-01-19 | Harald Nielsen | Improvements in or relating to the gasification and distillation of carbonaceous materials |
| US4069024A (en) * | 1977-05-09 | 1978-01-17 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Two-stage gasification system |
| JPS56501366A (enExample) * | 1979-11-01 | 1981-09-24 | ||
| US4306506A (en) * | 1980-06-02 | 1981-12-22 | Energy Recovery Research Group, Inc. | Gasification apparatus |
| US4309195A (en) * | 1980-06-02 | 1982-01-05 | Energy Recovery Research Group, Inc. | Apparatus for gasifying solid fuels and wastes |
| DE3032949A1 (de) * | 1980-09-02 | 1982-04-22 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum aufgeben fester brennstoffe in die festbett-vergasung |
| US4318713A (en) * | 1980-10-01 | 1982-03-09 | Allis-Chalmers Corporation | Method for gasifying cellulosic material |
| US4430444A (en) * | 1982-03-08 | 1984-02-07 | Conoco Inc. | Method of making methanol using a slagging gasifier |
| US4601730A (en) * | 1982-08-16 | 1986-07-22 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Air supply grate and ash removal system for wood gasifier |
| DE3430533A1 (de) * | 1984-02-28 | 1985-09-05 | Ruhrkohle Ag, 4300 Essen | Gaserzeugungsanlage |
| US4591362A (en) * | 1984-04-06 | 1986-05-27 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Fluid injection method |
| US4597772A (en) * | 1984-09-20 | 1986-07-01 | Wright-Malta Corporation | Fixed kiln with rotor steam gasifier |
| US4659340A (en) * | 1985-06-24 | 1987-04-21 | Weaver Lloyd E | Pressurized downdraft gasifier |
| GB2202234B (en) * | 1987-03-16 | 1991-09-18 | Shell Int Research | Method for starting up a partial combustion process |
| DE3727218A1 (de) * | 1987-08-14 | 1989-02-23 | Deutsche Filterbau | Verfahren und anlage zur calcinierung von kalkstein |
| US4955190A (en) * | 1988-03-10 | 1990-09-11 | Foster Wheeler Development Corporation | Method for driving a gas turbine utilizing a hexagonal pressurized fluidized bed reactor |
| US5096463A (en) * | 1988-05-06 | 1992-03-17 | American Power & Waste Management Ltd. | Gasifier adapted to generate activated carbon |
| US4881947A (en) * | 1988-06-28 | 1989-11-21 | Parker Thomas H | High efficiency gasifier with recycle system |
| US5236470A (en) * | 1989-04-04 | 1993-08-17 | Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Inc. | Method for the gasification of coal and other carbonaceous material |
| US5028241A (en) * | 1989-07-13 | 1991-07-02 | Set Technology B.V. | Down-draft fixed bed gasifier system |
| US4929254A (en) * | 1989-07-13 | 1990-05-29 | Set Technology B.V. | Down-draft fixed bed gasifier system |
| US5139535A (en) * | 1991-05-08 | 1992-08-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Two-stage fixed-bed gasifier with selectable middle gas off-take point |
| JPH0673384A (ja) * | 1992-05-07 | 1994-03-15 | Hylsa Sa | 有機物質をガス化するための方法および装置 |
| US5372618A (en) * | 1992-12-30 | 1994-12-13 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Temperature measuring device for a gasifier |
-
1995
- 1995-09-27 CH CH02724/95A patent/CH691263A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-08-14 DE DE59609878T patent/DE59609878D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-08-14 AT AT96810540T patent/ATE228158T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-08-14 EP EP96810540A patent/EP0765928B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-26 US US08/721,117 patent/US5803936A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0765928A3 (enExample) | 1997-05-07 |
| US5803936A (en) | 1998-09-08 |
| EP0765928A2 (de) | 1997-04-02 |
| EP0765928B1 (de) | 2002-11-20 |
| ATE228158T1 (de) | 2002-12-15 |
| DE59609878D1 (de) | 2003-01-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL | Patent ceased |