CH668768A5 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATING WATER IN SWIMMING POOLS. - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

The invention relates to a method and a device for treating water in swimming pools. The invention particularly relates to the water treatment of municipal, i.e. public swimming pools. It is also suitable for the water treatment of swimming pools of a size that can be found in sports centers, schools, universities and hotels.

The water treatment of swimming pools and the facilities required for this are dealt with in DIN 19 626. It is also a requirement that at least 30 liters of fresh water are added to the pool per bathing guest per day. Actually, 5% of the pool's content would have to be replaced every day, but this is often not done for cost reasons. In addition to the exchange of the pool water, the pool water is continuously cleaned using the circulation process, first with the help of a sand filter and then with the help of an activated carbon filter. The mechanical impurities are removed from the sand filter, whereby the filtration can be preceded by a supporting flocculation. Dissolved substances, especially the chlorine amines that are formed when chlorine is reacted with organic contaminants in the bathing water, which are also responsible for the reddening of the eyes, are retained in the activated carbon filter. Thereafter, the chlorine content of the purified water is usually set to the required value. The pH value can also be corrected. These processes are known and are also carried out in the invention.

For cost reasons, there are no activated carbon filters in many swimming pools. However, this has the consequence that the fresh water supply must be increased in order to keep the chloramine content at a tolerable level due to the dilution. However, due to the high water costs, this initial saving leads to increased operating costs.

In contrast, the invention has for its object to design the water treatment so that the operating costs can be reduced with a reasonable amount of equipment.

The invention then relates to a method for treating water in swimming pools with at least one pool, in which a minimum amount of fresh water is supplied to each pool, on the other hand a part of the bath water is derived from each pool and at least part of it to remove undissolved impurities by a Sand filter and from at least one pool to remove dissolved substances is also passed through an activated carbon filter and purified water is returned to each pool, which is characterized in that at least a portion of the purified water reprocessed by the activated carbon filter is sent to the shower.

By chlorinating the swimming pool water, removing mechanical impurities and then cleaning the filtered water with the help of activated carbon, treated water with drinking water quality is obtained (potassium permanganate consumption: 2). However, dissolved mineral substances essentially run completely through the filters so that the water retains its natural properties. It has now been found that this processed water is outstandingly suitable for showering and that a corresponding amount of fresh water that would otherwise be required for showering can be saved. At the same time, heating costs can also be saved, since the swimming pool water is at a higher temperature than the fresh water that is usually available, so that you can start from a higher level when heating the shower water.

Interestingly, the average amount of water used per swimmer is in the order of 30 liters. This means that an amount of reprocessed water corresponding to the amount of fresh water supplied to the swimming pool668 768

tetem water can be withdrawn for showering, so that only the shower water accumulates as wastewater and no wastewater has to be produced at the swimming pool. For this reason, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, all of the shower water is obtained from the water treatment and / or all of the excess water in the swimming pool is conducted to the shower after it has been cleaned. There are variants for this. If a lot of showering is used, fresh water can also be used for the shower, e.g. B. as cold water. On the other hand, the amount of fresh water supplied to the swimming pool can also be increased accordingly, so that more shower water is again available. Conversely, if very little showering takes place, i.e. less than 30 liters per bathing guest on average, the minimum amount of fresh water is still supplied to the pool.

Since the water that has passed through the activated carbon filter is free of chlorine, the partial stream of the circulated water that is branched off for showering is also chlorinated, which can take place independently of the chlorination of the circulated bathing water. Since the shower water generally experiences an increase in pressure in order to create the operating pressure required for showering, the chlorine metering is preferably coupled to a pressure booster system in such a way that the chlorine is added in a bypass to the shower water supply and the shower water has a low chlorine content of 0.1 to 0.2 ppm is added. This can be done with the help of a chlorine gas system or with a membrane pump that can pump solid chlorine. On the other hand, after the activated carbon filter, a so-called basic chlorination of all the water leaving the activated carbon filter to the chlorine content of the shower water can be carried out with particular advantage, so that not only the shower water is chlorinated, but also the constantly circulating bath water has a minimum chlorine content of 0.1 to 0 , 2 ppm. The additional chlorination of the circulating water returned to the pools, depending on requirements, can then take place after the shower water branch. The basic chlorination is preferably carried out in the form of a jet addition of chlorine using the excess pressure of the shower water.

The treated water can be heated to a shower temperature of 40 ° C, for example, in a heat exchanger. On a warm bathing day with a swimming pool water temperature of 28 ° C, the temperature to be overcome is. temperature difference, for example, only 12 ° C to achieve a shower temperature of 40 ° C. The water can then be stored under pressure in a shower water tank and drawn off if necessary. According to the invention, the water added to the swimming pool is thus used twice, once for swimming and once for showering. In this way, for example, 15 m3 of shower water can be saved per day for a medium-sized swimming pool, with the associated waste water costs and the additional heating costs being saved in addition to the fresh water costs.

The swimming pool can have one or more pools. Each pool preferably has its own reprocessing circuit with its own splash water tank and sand filter. However, a separate activated carbon filter for each reprocessing circuit is generally not provided for swimming pools with several circuits for reasons of cost. It is even possible that only one activated carbon filter is provided on the swimming pool with several pools and reprocessing circuits. This can be assigned to several pools simultaneously or alternatively. However, it is preferably only assigned to the most heavily loaded pelvis or its circulation. This is especially a non-swimmer pool, which contains a relatively small amount of water in relation to the capacity of bathers.

The withdrawal of shower water from only one reprocessing cycle, ^ in particular one that is relative

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allocated to small pools, however, it may be necessary to increase the capacity of the reprocessing facility, because a pool with several pools normally has a correspondingly higher number of bathers per day and thus also an increased shower water consumption. On the other hand, the fresh water supplied does not correspond to the quality required for the bath water and is at a voltage value of at least 700 mV. Therefore, the fresh water supplied must be cleaned in addition to the water drawn and circulated from the swimming pool. The fresh water must also be heated to the bathing temperature. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is therefore provided that shower water is drawn off not only from the circulation of a basin, but from at least two basin circuits and to supply the basin circuits with appropriate amounts of fresh water. As a result, the load from the fresh water supply and heating is distributed over several pools according to size and need. The partial quantities that are drawn off from the individual circuits for the later shower water can then be combined and passed together through an activated carbon filter. This is preferably done by feeding the partial quantities from the reprocessing circuits that do not have an activated carbon filter into a circuit that is equipped with an activated carbon filter, namely between the water withdrawal point from the basin and the point of introduction into the activated carbon filter. This point can lie between the sand filter and the activated carbon filter of the circuit, but is preferably between the pool and the sand filter and is preferably a surge water container belonging to the circuit. Since the sand filters are preferably assigned a flocculation device for flocculating dissolved substances, the purity of the water drawn off from the individual circuits as a partial stream is so good that an activated carbon filter is sufficient for producing the shower water without being excessively loaded. In this way it is possible to clean and heat large quantities of fresh water of 50 m3 and more per day and to reuse them in the form of shower water, the shower water even being of better quality than tap water with drinking water quality, which is usually only a voltage value the size of 250 mV.

Furthermore, in one embodiment of the invention, the otherwise usual ozone system arranged in front of the activated carbon filter can be dispensed with and replaced by a chlorination device, in particular an injector chlorination according to the vacuum principle, for high chlorination of the water introduced into the activated carbon filter, since a chlorine gas system is present anyway. The high chlorination can bring the chlorine concentration to 1 to 1.5 ppm. If the filter arranged on the activated carbon filter is corrosion-resistant, the high chlorination can also take place before the sand filter.

The invention further relates to a device for the water treatment of swimming pools with at least one pool with an associated reprocessing circuit and shower devices for performing the method, which is characterized in that the shower water line is branched off from at least one reprocessing circuit having an activated carbon filter.

The filter tanks that are common today are steel tanks, which are usually installed during the construction of the swimming pool or the associated technical rooms, before the walls of the technical rooms are raised, since the doors are too narrow for the containers to pass through. As a result of corrosion damage, however, the containers have to be replaced after a long period of operation, which is associated with considerable complications, since new tanks can then no longer be transported through the existing door openings.

Pressure tanks made of glass fiber reinforced plastic are therefore advantageously provided for the water treatment device, which are designed for a static operating pressure of at least 2 bar. As a result, the pressure vessels are corrosion-resistant and do not need to be replaced later. Preferably, all the line and accessories coming into contact with the circulating water are made of plastic. B. the pipes, fittings, water distributors and discharge funnels preferably made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Flanges io and the like can be made of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP). Where metal parts are required, e.g. Connecting bolts, these are preferably made of V4A stainless steel and are also embedded in a plastic seal.

In a preferred embodiment, the pressure containers consist of at least 2 container parts which are permanently connected to one another by gluing at the installation site. This has the advantage that the container parts can be brought to the installation site in a simple manner. The main advantage arises, however, where there is not a sufficiently large passage for introducing the pressure vessels into 20, which is particularly the case when a corroded metal vessel has to be replaced. The container parts are therefore preferably sized so that they fit through existing door openings. As a rule, dividing a pressure vessel into two or three parts of approximately the same size is sufficient. The edges of the container parts are preferably designed such that they overlap one another when they are assembled. A short sleeve-like overlap of 50 to 60 mm is sufficient. For this it is not necessary that one of the containers is expanded at the edge in order to be able to reach over the other. Rather, the edges of the container parts on the mutually facing sides can be chamfered in such a way that the inclined surfaces fit into one another. A good pressure-resistant connection is then obtained by gluing the inclined surfaces to one another and by overlaminating the connection seam on the outside and, if necessary, on the inside.

Inside the pressure vessel, if it is intended as an activated carbon filter or sand filter, there is a nozzle plate which carries the filter material. This bottom of the nozzle is also preferably made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, whereby it is advantageously connected to the bottom of the container with pressure and tensile strength by vertical supports, the supports also being made of glass fiber reinforced plastic. They are preferably in the form of longitudinal sections of cylindrical jacket surfaces which are arranged coaxially to the axis of the container and in particular also partially protrude upward above the nozzle base in order also to stiffen the nozzle base from the top. As a result, the nozzle base is extremely stable and can withstand high loads, e.g. withstand the filter material and also high pressures that can occur during backwashing.

At least with the activated carbon filter, a special water distributor in the form of an upright, rearward flowable funnel is provided for a uniform water distribution of the water flowing into the upper region in the preferred embodiment, which is preferably closed at the top and has a plurality of through holes in its outer jacket . This largely avoids the channel formation through the filter bed, which occurs in a normal funnel construction, as can usually be found in sand filters, since the coal is then flushed out in a conical shape below the inlet pipe. 65 The pressure vessels used in conventional water treatment systems are usually on feet, and so high that there is still enough space around the drain pipe from the bottom of the tank under the tank

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lead out to the side. In the case of the pressure vessel N top 6 according to the invention, a manhole connector 12 with a lid is also provided, the convexly curved vessel bottom, on the other hand, is provided in FIG.

The pressure vessel 14 of the subsequent activated carbon filter is preferably arranged internally and radially from which is constructed essentially the same as the pressure vessel 3 of the

Cylinder jacket surface of the pressure vessel emerges. Thereby 5 sand filters. Part of the activated carbon filter through the exhaust

the container volume, with the same overall height, can be reached through a pipe 9

what, given the often only small room heights of the branch 15, on the one hand, via a conventional chlorine metering

Technical rooms of swimming pools is of great importance. would be back in the pool and on the other hand over a

The water extraction pipe preferably has a radial line 16 in a reservoir 18 for shower water, which with

Section and an axial in the container axis io a heating register is equipped. The reservoir 18

Section that penetrates the bottom of the nozzle. This is made of steel.

an additional mutual stiffening is created. Sits in a bypass line to the pressure booster system 17

The pressure vessel according to the invention, the preferred injector 19 for chlorine gas, is supported, which is connected via a measuring tube 20 with a white frame edge which is connected to the chlorine gas generating device. The injector 19

Connects cylindrical section of the pressure vessel and there 15 is coupled to the pressure booster 17 and metered laminated. a sufficient amount of chlorine gas for the shower water,

The pressure vessel can still have manholes in the usual way if pool water cleaned by the pressure booster system

for loading and removing the filter material and for the water is pumped into the storage tank for shower water. in the

Have access to maintenance work. An upper manhole essentially to the same extent as the circulation circuit of the preferably has an artificial water formed as a viewing window 20 purified pool water for the reservoir for fabric lid, in particular made of acrylic glass, through which the shower water is removed, fresh water is in the

Filter bed can be viewed. In addition, the tank is introduced into the swimming pool, so that the loss of pool water

in the area of its top with lighting and the prescribed fresh water

equipped, which is preferably fed with low voltage operated quantity. A special procedure for draining off is provided, which means that a check of the filter bed and the tank water into the sewer is provided, but it is possible at any time in the interior. normally closed so that the fed to the pool

Further features and advantages of the invention result in the amount of fresh water in the form of purified pool water which is fed from the following description of preferred execution showers and only there into the sewer duct forms in connection with the drawing and the claims.

chen. In the drawing show: 30 As with the cross lines 21 in the containers 3 and 14

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment; indicated, the GRP containers are made of three parts on the operating

2 shows a schematic side view of an activated carbon filter site assembled and along the connecting lines 21

container; sealingly and pressure-tightly connected to each other, then

Fig. 3 is a section along the line a-a of Fig. 2; is discussed in more detail. This makes it possible to make even large ones

4 shows detail A of FIG. 2 on an enlarged scale; 35 filter containers through the often very narrow entrances into the

5 a partial section along the line b-b according to FIG. 2 and technical rooms of swimming pool systems and

6 shows a schematic representation of an assembly according to the invention on site. Depending on the space

reprocessing facility. height caused by the stand frames 4 and the guidance of the trigger

In the embodiment tube 9 shown in FIG. 1 of the drawing, the pressure

form of the invention is a device 1 for working up 40 containers a height of 2.5 to 5 m, in particular 2.8 to 3.5 m.

Swimming pool water shown. An overflow of a swimming pool. Depending on the size of the pool, the diameter of the pressure tank can be generated by the pool being continuously up to 5 m long. Normally circulated purified water and fresh water are between 0.8 and 2.5 m.

is fed. 2, a pressure vessel 22 for an activated carbon filter of a circulating pump 2 is fed to a pressure vessel 3, which is shown in FIG. 45 and which consists essentially of only glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP) and differs from one in that that, as indicated by the slash 21

Operating pressure of at least 2 bar, d. H. so indicated by pressure, is only composed of two parts.

is firmly built that for safety reasons it can withstand a multiple of the operating pressure which is rotated by 90 ° in comparison to FIG. 1. The pressure vessel 3 is essentially recognizable in the course of the discharge pipe 9. It leads chen cylindrical and stands upright on a stand - namely from the cylindrical part of the container shell above frame 4, which is formed as an extension of the cylinder shell of the nozzle base 7 radially to the longitudinal axis of the pressure vessel and also consists of GRP. The bottom 5 and the top 6 22, from there axially through the nozzle bottom 7 into that of the container 3 are convex in the usual way. In the space between the nozzle bottom 7 and the bottom 5 of the pressure vessel 3, the sand filling rests on a sieve or nozzle boiling container 22. The nozzle bottom 7 is coaxial with the container ends 7, which also consists of GRP. All accessories 55 axis arranged, the axial section of the drain pipe 9 of the container 3, z. B. the pipes 8 and the fittings and surrounding cylindrical segments 23 against pressure loading of flanges are also made of plastic, e.g. Polyvinylchlo supported on top and bottom. The cylindrical support segments 23 rid (PVC) or GRP to avoid corrosion. Metal is also made of glass fiber reinforced plastic and existing connecting bolts are made of V4A steel and firmly connected to the tank bottom 5. Some of the protrusions are sealed with a GFK compound. 60 over the nozzle base 7 and thereby cause stiffening

The circulating water to be cleaned is still in the upper part of the nozzle base.

cylindrical part of the sand filter, through which the sand filler. The pressure vessel 22 also has a second manhole 24

tion passed through and below the nozzle bottom 7, which is provided in the lower cylindrical shell region

Removed with the help of a discharge pipe 9, which serves inside the container and among other things for emptying the pressure container 22,

ends below the nozzle base 7 (see FIG. 2). 65 For the water supply line is approximately a mirror image of the container 3, a supply pipe 25 is also provided with bypass lines 10 as well as a slide exhaust pipe 9 which is separated from the cylinder.

Valves 11 equipped, which leads radially to the container axis for cleaning, maintenance and the jacket of the pressure container 22

Backwashing and the like are used. At the container and up there towards the upper manhole connector 12

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is turned. A funnel-shaped attachment 26 with a funnel-shaped part that widens conically upward and a cylindrical part adjoining it sits on the pipe end pointing upward. The outer surfaces of the funnel-shaped and cylindrical parts are provided with holes 27 of approx. 40 mm in diameter, which allow the water to be cleaned to flow in smoothly without swirling up the activated carbon filter bed. The funnel-shaped attachment 26 is covered on its top.

The cover 13 of the manhole connector 12 is made of transparent acrylic glass with a wall thickness of 50 mm, so that an insight into the pressure vessel 22 is possible during operation. In addition, in the container on its top 3 a lighting fixture 28 operated with a voltage of 24 volts is attached, the current supply line of which is pressure-tightly guided through the container wall.

3, the nozzle base 7 has a plurality of individual nozzles 29 which are arranged in concentric rows. These individual nozzles 29 allow good passage of the cleaned water, their shape can be seen in Fig. 4. In operation, the nozzle base 7 is covered with a layer of gravel over which the activated carbon filter is located.

5 shows a connecting seam 21 of the multi-part pressure vessel. The edges of the container parts have an oblique mutual overlap 30, which is normally approximately 50 to 60 mm. The connecting surfaces are glued together using a two-component plastic compound. In addition, the connecting seam 21 is reinforced by overlaminating with glass fiber reinforced plastics.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, a swimming pool has 4 pools, namely a children's pool I, a non-swimmer pool II, a swimmer pool III and a diving pool IV. Each pool has its own circuit for cleaning or reprocessing the water. Water is drawn off at the bottom of the basin and splash water at the overflow of the pool edge and passed via pumps 31 and motor flaps 32 to associated sand filters Ib, üb, Illb and IVb, the splash water firstly in associated splash water tanks la, IIa, nia and IVa and only from from there into the sand filter. The position of the pumps 31 belonging to the system, motor flaps 32, solenoid valves 33, diaphragm valves 34, water meters 35, heat exchangers 36 and non-return flap 37 can be seen from FIG. 6 using the corresponding symbols.

Precipitation reactions are carried out before filtering the circulated water in the sand filter of each circuit, so that water with a purity of at least 700 mV is obtained on the outlet side of the sand filter. Only the circuit of the most heavily loaded non-swimmer pool II is equipped with an activated carbon filter Ile in addition to the sand filter, which connects to the sand filter IIb.

Each of the four pools is supplied with fresh water as required, which is fed through lines 38 to the splash water tanks s Ia to IVa. The return lines 39 from the filters to the associated basin have branches. In basins I, III and IV, the circuits of which are only equipped with sand filters, the corresponding branch lines 40 lead to the surge water tank IIa of the non-swimmer pool io II, the circuit of which has the activated carbon filter Ile. Motor flaps 32 in these lines 40 are actuated depending on the level of the splash water tank IIa and thus regulate the inflow from the other circuits. This inflow depends on the shower water consumption and leads to a corresponding fresh water inflow to the individual pools.

The shower water is branched off by a branch line 41 from the return line 39 coming from the activated carbon filter IIa, following a heat exchanger 36 and a base chlorination device 44 which is operated with the excess pressure 20 of the shower water via a return line 45. The shower water line 41 leads via a diaphragm valve 34 and a non-return valve 37 to a pressure booster system with pumps 31 and a surge tank 42 and from there via a heat exchanger 36 to the showers 43. 25 The heat exchanger only needs a portion of the temperature difference between fresh water and shower water overcome because the temperature of the water withdrawn from the individual circuits is already above the fresh water temperature. Via the return line 45, which branches off after the pumps 30 31 and before the heat exchangers 36, a high chlorination device 46 is also supplied with pressurized water, which is arranged between the sand filter IIb and the activated carbon filter Ile.

Since the purified water 35 coming from the activated carbon filter is chlorine-free, the basic chlorination takes place at 44 to the chlorine concentration of the shower water and after it has branched off, the chlorination at 47 of the water returned to the pool or pools depends on the load on the bathing water.

40 If there is only one basin, the water drained from the basin is passed through both the sand filter and the activated carbon filter. If there are several basins, the water from at least one basin (possibly only one basin) is passed both through a sand filter and an activated carbon filter. The water in the other pools is only passed through a sand filter. Typically, each pool has its own filter system, as shown in Fig. 6, i.e. H. each pool has a sand filter (Ib to IVb). The basin II also has an activated carbon filter Ile connected to the sand filter IIb.

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Claims (24)

668 768 PATENT CLAIMS Process for the treatment of water in swimming pools with at least one pool, in which a minimum amount of fresh water is supplied to each pool, on the other hand a part of the bath water is drained from each pool and at least a part thereof for the removal of undissolved contaminants by a sand filter and from at least one Pool for removing dissolved substances is also passed through an activated carbon filter and purified water is fed into each pool, characterized in that at least a part of the purified water reprocessed by the activated carbon filter is sent to the shower. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a quantity of water corresponding to the quantity of fresh water supplied is directed to the shower and / or the entire shower water is obtained from the reprocessing of the swimming pool water. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that all the reprocessed water coming from the activated carbon filter is chlorinated by a base chlorination to the chlorine content intended for the shower water before the shower water is derived from the circulated stream. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the shower water is pumped to the necessary operating pressure and at least the base chlorination following the activated carbon filter takes place in the form of a jet metering with the aid of the excess pressure of the shower water. 5 that with at least one basin with associated reclamation Work circuit and shower facilities for performing the method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shower water pipe from at least one re-active filter having an activated carbon filter. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a portion of the water directed to the shower is supplied to a plurality of pool circuits as fresh water, is cleaned in these and heated to approximately pool temperature, and that branch streams for the showers are branched off and preferably combined with one another from the pool circuits will. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the partial flows are passed through the activated carbon filter after their union. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water is cleaned and returned from at least two swimming pools in at least two treatment circuits, that at least two pools, preferably each pool fresh water is supplied, at least one of these pools has a treatment circuit without activated carbon filter , Water is withdrawn from this circuit and fed to at least one other circuit in which there is an activated carbon filter, and the water which is directed to the shower is withdrawn as reprocessed water from the circuit having the activated carbon filter. 8. The method according to claim, characterized in that the water is removed from the at least one pool with a circuit without an activated carbon filter following a sand filter. 9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the removed water is fed to the circuit having the activated carbon filter upstream of the activated carbon filter, in particular upstream of the sand filter of this circuit. 10 work cycle is shown. 10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the water removed from the at least one circuit without an activated carbon filter is fed to a splash water tank of the at least one circuit having the activated carbon filter. 11. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the water removal from the at least one circuit without activated carbon filter is controlled depending on the water level in the surge water tank of the circuit having the activated carbon filter. 12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circuit having the activated carbon filter is that of a non-swimmer pool. 13. Device for water treatment of swimming pools 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the branch for the shower water in the backflow between the activated carbon filter and the associated basin, in particular 15. Device for the water treatment of swimming pools with at least one substantially cylindrical pressure vessel for filtering the water, according to claim 13 or 2014, characterized in that the pressure vessel (3, 14, 18) consists of glass fiber reinforced plastic and is designed for an operating pressure of at least 2 bar. 15 is particularly between a heat exchanger and a chlorine metering device of the circuit. 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in 25 that all water-carrying parts of the treatment device are made of plastic. 17. The apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the container (3,14,22) consists of at least two container parts, which are preferably laminated with 30 are permanently connected. 18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the container parts in the connecting region (21,30) are mutually overlapping. 35 19. Device according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the pressure vessel (3, 14, 22) has a nozzle base (7) made of plastic, in particular pressed glass fiber-reinforced plastic, as a carrier for the filter bed, which in particular has a diameter of 401 m and more is preferably provided with support elements (23) against bending stress. 20. Device according to one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that the pressure vessel (3, 14, 18, 22) has a convex bottom (5) and is laminated with a laminated frame. 45 gene base (4) is provided in the form of an extension of the cylinder jacket. 21. Device according to one of claims 15 to 20, characterized in that for the removal of water from the container (3, 14, 22) a laterally through the cylindrical container shell 50 emerging pipe (9) is provided, which is arranged in the container (3,14,22) and ends in this shortly above the container bottom (5). 22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that the tube (9) one above the nozzle bottom (7) radially 55 extending horizontal section which merges into an axially extending section which penetrates the nozzle base (7). 23. Device according to one of claims 15 to 22, characterized in that the pressure vessel (3, 14, 22) has a single 60 has lighting (28) and has at least one viewing window (13), which is preferably arranged on the top of the container (6). 24. Device according to one of claims 15 to 23, characterized in that the water supply at least at the pressure 65 container (14, 22) for the activated carbon filter is designed in the manner of an upright funnel (26) through which flow can flow, which is preferably covered and in the jacket of which outflow openings (27) are provided for the inflowing water.