CH634727A5

CH634727A5 - Ski boot

Info

Publication number: CH634727A5
Application number: CH263980A
Authority: CH
Inventors: Gaston Haldemann
Original assignee: Performance Sports Ag
Priority date: 1980-04-03
Filing date: 1980-04-03
Publication date: 1983-02-28

Abstract

The ski boot is composed of an outer shell (4) and of an inner bootee. The bootee (2) is held on a rigid sole (19) by a banding system. The sole (19) comprises a base (20) embedded in the bottom of the shell (4) in order to ensure lateral holding of the foot. Adjustment of the boot is easy and rapid and is carried out without special equipment. The shell may have a width sufficient for feet of different sizes. <IMAGE>

Description

**ATTENTION** debut du champ DESC peut contenir fin de CLMS **. ** ATTENTION ** start of the DESC field may contain end of CLMS **.

REVENDICATIONS 1. Chaussure de ski se composant d'une coque extérieure et d'un chausson intérieur, caractérisée par des moyens d'attache (17, 18, 22, 24) pour maintenir le chausson (2) sur une semelle rigide (19) indépendante de la coque (1), ladite semelle (19) comportant un socle (20) destiné à être encastré dans le fond de la coque ( I ) pour assurer la tenue latérale du pied. CLAIMS 1. Ski boot consisting of an outer shell and an inner boot, characterized by fastening means (17, 18, 22, 24) for holding the boot (2) on a rigid sole (19) independent of the shell (1), said sole (19) comprising a base (20) intended to be embedded in the bottom of the shell (I) to ensure the lateral hold of the foot.

2. Chaussure de ski selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les moyens d'attache comprennent des bandages (17, 18) qui enserrent le chausson (2) dans la région de l'avant-pied et du cou-depied, et en ce que les extrémités des bandages (17, 18) sont attachées à l'avant et à l'arrière de la semelle (19) sur les deux côtés de celle-ci. 2. Ski boot according to claim 1, characterized in that the attachment means comprise bandages (17, 18) which enclose the boot (2) in the region of the forefoot and the neck-foot, and in that the ends of the bandages (17, 18) are attached to the front and to the rear of the sole (19) on both sides thereof.

3. Chaussure de ski selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les moyens d'attache comprennent au moins un dispositif (22, 24) pour ajuster la tension des bandages (17, 18). 3. Ski boot according to claim 2, characterized in that the fastening means comprise at least one device (22, 24) for adjusting the tension of the tires (17, 18).

4. Chaussure de ski selon la revendication 3, caractérisée par deux dispositifs d'ajustage (22, 24) pour régler le serrage de l'avantpied ou du cou-de-pied soit simultanément, soit indépendamment l'un de l'autre. 4. Ski boot according to claim 3, characterized by two adjustment devices (22, 24) for adjusting the tightening of the forefoot or instep either simultaneously or independently of one another.

5. Chaussure de ski selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que les deux dispositifs d'ajustage (22, 24) sont situés dans la semelle (19), à proximité de l'une des extrémités de celle-ci. 5. Ski boot according to claim 4, characterized in that the two adjustment devices (22, 24) are located in the sole (19), near one of the ends of the latter.

6. Chaussure de ski selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que la semelle (19) comporte un élément de bouclage (26) pour rendre les parties avant et arriére des bandages (17, 18) indépendantes les unes des autres. 6. Ski boot according to claim 5, characterized in that the sole (19) has a looping element (26) to make the front and rear parts of the tires (17, 18) independent of each other.

7. Chaussure de ski selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que ledit élément de bouclage est un rivet (26) qui bloque les bandages (17, 18) à l'endroit où ils se croisent sous la semelle (19). 7. Ski boot according to claim 6, characterized in that said looping element is a rivet (26) which blocks the tires (17, 18) at the place where they cross under the sole (19).

8. Chaussure de ski selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que les extrémités des bandages (17, 18) sont fixées à des écrous (22) logés dans des rainures (23) transversales de la semelle (19) de ma niére à pouvoir coulisser et en ce que chaque paire d'écrous opposés est supportée par une même vis (24) à pas contraires, de sorte que la rotation de cette vis provoque le déplacement inverse des écrous pour pouvoir modifier la tension des bandages (17, 18). 8. Ski boot according to claim 4, characterized in that the ends of the tires (17, 18) are fixed to nuts (22) housed in grooves (23) transverse to the sole (19) of my nier power slide and in that each pair of opposite nuts is supported by the same screw (24) with opposite pitch, so that the rotation of this screw causes the nuts to reverse move in order to be able to modify the tension of the tires (17, 18) .

9. Chaussure de ski selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que les écrous sont en forme d'équerres (22) ayant des trous taraudés pour recevoir la vis (24). 9. Ski boot according to claim 8, characterized in that the nuts are in the form of brackets (22) having tapped holes for receiving the screw (24).

10. Chaussure de ski selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par un dispositif de tenue de cou-de-pied (12) composé d'une plaque incurvée disposée à l'intérieur de la coque (1), ladite plaque étant appuyée contre le chausson par l'intermédiaire d'un moyen de réglage. 10. Ski boot according to claim 1, characterized by a instep holding device (12) composed of a curved plate disposed inside the shell (1), said plate being pressed against the boot by means of adjustment.

L'invention a pour objet une chaussure de ski se composant d'une coque extérieure et d'un chausson intérieur. The invention relates to a ski boot consisting of an outer shell and an inner boot.

Dans les chaussures de ski traditionnelles, le serrage autour du pied est obtenu par tension de resserrement de la coque en matiére plastique relativement rigide sur le pied au moyen de boucles de serrage. Cette façon de procéder présente plusieurs inconvénients, notamment si la forme intérieure ne correspond pas suffisamment au pied du skieur. Si la pointure est correcte, le skieur aura mal au pied par la pression excessive sur les côtés, ou s'il choisit une pointure un peu plus grande, il risque de ne pas être suffisamment bloqué au talon. In traditional ski boots, tightening around the foot is obtained by tightening tension of the relatively rigid plastic shell on the foot by means of tightening loops. This procedure has several drawbacks, especially if the interior shape does not correspond sufficiently to the skier's foot. If the size is correct, the skier will have a sore foot by excessive pressure on the sides, or if he chooses a slightly larger size, he may not be sufficiently locked in the heel.

Pour résoudre ces problémes, il a été proposé dans le brevet suisse No 564324 d'utiliser un chausson qui est constitué de deux épaisseurs entre lesquelles on injecte de la mousse en matiére plastique. Le pied est logé dans le chausson qui se conforme directement à l'empreinte du pied. Cette solution permet l'utilisation d'une coque de grandeur unique pour toute une gamme de pointures. Il est toutefois nécessaire de disposer d'une machine spéciale pour effectuer l'injection du matériau de remplissage. En outre, il n'est plus possible d'effectuer au bout d'un certain temps un nouvel ajustement, comme cela est souvent indispensable pour les chaussures de ski. To solve these problems, it was proposed in the Swiss patent No 564324 to use a slipper which is made up of two thicknesses between which plastic foam is injected. The foot is housed in the liner which conforms directly to the footprint. This solution allows the use of a single size shell for a whole range of sizes. However, it is necessary to have a special machine for injecting the filling material. In addition, it is no longer possible to make a new adjustment after a certain time, as is often essential for ski boots.

On a aussi proposé selon le brevet suisse No 614357 de monter un dispositif de tenue de pied à l'intérieur de la coque rigide, ledit dispo sitif étant fixé à chaque côté de la coque, passant sur le cou-de-pied et étant serré par une vis ajustable de l'extérieur de la chaussure. Ce dispositif assure une bonne tenue du pied dans la région de l'avant-pied, mais ne permet pas le serrage du talon. It has also been proposed according to Swiss Patent No. 614357 to mount a foot holding device inside the rigid shell, said device being fixed to each side of the shell, passing over the instep and being tight by an adjustable screw from the outside of the shoe. This device ensures a good hold of the foot in the region of the forefoot, but does not allow the tightening of the heel.

Le but de la présente invention est de réaliser une chaussure de ski dont le chausson peut être ajusté au pied, et qui permet le serrage de tout l'avant-pied aussi bien que le serrage du talon et du cou-de-pied. The object of the present invention is to produce a ski boot, the boot of which can be adjusted to the foot, and which allows the tightening of the entire forefoot as well as the tightening of the heel and the instep.

A cet effet, la chaussure selon l'invention est caractérisée par des moyens d'attache pour maintenir le chausson sur une semelle rigide indépendante de la coque, ladite semelle comportant un socle destiné à être encastré dans le fond de la coque pour assurer la tenue latérale du pied. To this end, the shoe according to the invention is characterized by attachment means for holding the liner on a rigid sole independent of the shell, said sole comprising a base intended to be embedded in the bottom of the shell to ensure the holding lateral of the foot.

Le serrage du pied n'est alors plus dépendant de la coque que pour la poussée du pied vers l'avant par la partie arrière de cette coque, poussée qui permet d'obtenir la pression vers l'avant dans le système de bandages. Le système permet de construire des coques susceptibles d'accueillir des pieds de pointures fort différentes. The tightening of the foot is then no longer dependent on the shell only for the pushing of the foot forward by the rear part of this shell, thrust which makes it possible to obtain the pressure forward in the bandage system. The system makes it possible to build shells capable of accommodating feet of very different sizes.

L'invention sera décrite plus en détail à titre d'exemple en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels: la fig. 1 est une vue de côté d'une chaussure de ski, la fig. 2 est une vue de côté du chausson attaché à la semelle rigide, la fig. 3 est une vue en plan du chausson selon la fig. 2, et la fig. 4 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne IV-IV de la fig. 2. The invention will be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the appended drawings in which: fig. 1 is a side view of a ski boot, fig. 2 is a side view of the liner attached to the rigid sole, fig. 3 is a plan view of the boot according to FIG. 2, and fig. 4 is a sectional view along line IV-IV of FIG. 2.

Telle qu'elle est représentée sur les fig. 1 à 4, la chaussure de ski comprend une coque extérieure 1 en matière plastique moulée, ainsi qu'un chausson 2 intérieur. La coque 1 comporte une tige 3 en deux parties articulées sur le bas de la coque, elle-même constituée d'un corps 4 et d'un fond rigide 5. As shown in Figs. 1 to 4, the ski boot comprises an outer shell 1 of molded plastic, as well as an inner boot 2. The shell 1 comprises a rod 3 in two parts articulated on the bottom of the shell, itself consisting of a body 4 and a rigid bottom 5.

La partie arrière 6 de la tige assure l'ouverture vers l'arrière de la chaussure pour permettre le chaussage. The rear part 6 of the upper ensures the opening towards the rear of the shoe to allow putting on.

Après l'introduction du chausson 2 dans la coque 1, la fermeture se fait par rotation de la partie arrière 6 dans le sens de la flèche 7. On rabat la partie arrière 6 sur la partie avant 8 de la tige et on ferme la chaussure par la boucle 9 placée au niveau des malléoles. Cette boucle 9 peut être accrochée et réglée rapidement. Elle est facile à fermer, et l'effort pendant la fermeture est constant. Pour décrocher la boucle 9, il suffit de la lever et de presser sur le cran d'arrêt 10 prévu à cet effet. Au niveau du mollet, la fermeture se fait par une bande Velcro Il qui présente les avantages de rapidité et de bonne tenue. After the introduction of the liner 2 in the shell 1, the closure is done by rotation of the rear part 6 in the direction of the arrow 7. The rear part 6 is folded over the front part 8 of the upper and the shoe is closed by the loop 9 placed at the level of the malleoli. This loop 9 can be hooked and adjusted quickly. It is easy to close, and the effort during closing is constant. To unhook the loop 9, simply lift it and press on the stop notch 10 provided for this purpose. At the calf, the closure is by a Velcro strap It has the advantages of speed and good performance.

Afin d'obtenir un meilleur blocage du pied, un dispositif 12 de tenue du cou-de-pied comportant une plaque 13 incurvée est disposé à l'intérieur de la coque. Cette plaque 13 est en contact avec la partie supérieure du chausson 2 et peut être appliquée plus ou moins fermement sur le chausson 2 en tournant le bouton 14 réglable de l'extérieur. On améliore ainsi la tenue du pied dans la région de l'avantpied par suppression du jeu entre la partie supérieure du pied et la coque. In order to obtain better blocking of the foot, a device 12 for holding the instep comprising a curved plate 13 is placed inside the shell. This plate 13 is in contact with the upper part of the liner 2 and can be applied more or less firmly on the liner 2 by turning the adjustable knob 14 from the outside. This improves the holding of the foot in the forefoot region by eliminating the play between the upper part of the foot and the shell.

Outre sa fonction d'organe de réglage pour la plaque 13, le bouton 14 sert aussi à relier la partie avant 8 de la tige avec la partie supérieure du corps 4 de la coque 1. Une fente 15 prévue dans la partie avant 8 de la tige permet un mouvement limité de ladite partie par rapport au corps 4 de la coque 1. Le bouton 14, qui pénètre dans cette fente 15, assure la fixation de la partie avant 8 de la tige au corps 4 de la coque 1. In addition to its function as an adjusting member for the plate 13, the button 14 also serves to connect the front part 8 of the rod with the upper part of the body 4 of the shell 1. A slot 15 provided in the front part 8 of the rod allows a limited movement of said part relative to the body 4 of the shell 1. The button 14, which enters this slot 15, ensures the attachment of the front part 8 of the rod to the body 4 of the shell 1.

De plus, cette même partie avant 8 est encore rattachée à la partie arrière du corps 4 de la coque au moyen du même rivet 16 servant à retenir la partie arrière 6 et à articuler les deux parties de la tige. In addition, this same front part 8 is still attached to the rear part of the body 4 of the shell by means of the same rivet 16 serving to retain the rear part 6 and to articulate the two parts of the rod.

Le chausson 2 est maintenu par des bandages 17, 18 sur une semelle 19 rigide en matière plastique qui s'encastre dans le fond 5 de la coque 1. La semelle, qui est indépendante de la coque 1, comporte un socle 20 logé dans un évidement 21 longitudinal du fond 5 de la coque 1, ce qui assure la tenue latérale du pied. Le socle est situé sous la voûte plantaire du pied et supporte celle-ci. The liner 2 is held by bandages 17, 18 on a rigid plastic sole 19 which fits into the bottom 5 of the shell 1. The sole, which is independent of the shell 1, comprises a base 20 housed in a longitudinal recess 21 of the bottom 5 of the shell 1, which ensures the lateral holding of the foot. The base is located under the arch of the foot and supports it.

Les deux bandages 17, 18 enserrent le chausson 2 dans la région The two bandages 17, 18 enclose the liner 2 in the region

de l'avant-pied et du cou-de-pied et leurs extrémités sont attachées à l'avant et à l'arrière de la semelle 19, sur les deux côtés de celle-ci. of the forefoot and instep and their ends are attached to the front and to the rear of the sole 19, on both sides thereof.

Deux dispositifs d'ajustage prévus dans la semelle 19 permettent au skieur de modifier la tension des bandages 17, 18 à son gré. Chacun des deux dispositifs comporte une paire d'écrous 22 opposés qui présentent la forme d'équerres munies de trous taraudés, et supportées par une même vis 24 à pas contraires. Les équerres 22 sont logées de manière à pouvoir coulisser dans des rainures 23 transversales disposées dans la semelle 19, à proximité des extrémités de celle-ci. Two adjustment devices provided in the sole 19 allow the skier to modify the tension of the tires 17, 18 at will. Each of the two devices comprises a pair of opposite nuts 22 which have the form of brackets provided with tapped holes, and supported by the same screw 24 with opposite pitch. The brackets 22 are housed so as to be able to slide in transverse grooves 23 disposed in the sole 19, near the ends of the latter.

Les extrémités des bandages 17, 18 sont attachées aux équerres 22. En tournant la vis 24, on obtient le rapprochement ou l'éloignement des équerres opposées et, par conséquent, le réglage de la tension des bandages 17, 18. The ends of the tires 17, 18 are attached to the brackets 22. By turning the screw 24, the opposing brackets are brought closer or further apart and, consequently, the tension of the tires 17, 18 is adjusted.

Les bandages 17, 18 enveloppent étroitement le chausson 2 et ils se croisent deux fois dans la région de l'avant-pied et une fois sur le cou-de-pied. Ils se croisent aussi sous la semelle 19 sensiblement au milieu de celle-ci. The bandages 17, 18 tightly wrap the liner 2 and they cross twice in the region of the forefoot and once on the instep. They also intersect under the sole 19 substantially in the middle thereof.

Pour permettre le réglage de la tension des bandages avant et arrière indépendamment les uns des autres, il est prévu un élément de bouclage destiné à rendre indépendantes les parties avant et arrière des bandages. To allow the tension of the front and rear tires to be adjusted independently of each other, there is a looping element intended to make the front and rear parts of the tires independent.

Cet élément de bouclage peut être un rivet d'arrêt 26 qui bloque les bandages 17, 18 à l'endroit où ils se croisent sous la semelle 19. This looping element can be a stop rivet 26 which blocks the bandages 17, 18 at the place where they cross under the sole 19.

Une autre forme d'exécution de Invention ne prévoit aucun élément de bouclage. L'absence de cet élément permet de se passer d'un des deux dispositifs d'ajustages, le réglage se faisant alors d'un coup sur toute la partie des bandages. Another embodiment of the invention does not provide any looping element. The absence of this element makes it possible to dispense with one of the two adjustment devices, the adjustment then being carried out suddenly over the entire portion of the bandages.

Grâce à l'invention, le réglage de la chaussure de ski avec serrage intérieur se fait sans équipement particulier, avec un simple système de bandages. Le chausson est maintenu par les bandages sur une semelle rigide qui est encastrée dans le fond de la coque pour réaliser la tenue latérale. La tenue en hauteur est obtenue au moyen d'un dispositif d'appui, ce dernier supprimant le jeu entre la coque et la partie supérieure du chausson. Cela permet de prévoir des coques d'une largeur suffisante pour une grande diversité de pieds. Ainsi, le détaillant peut réduire son inventaire de coques de différentes grandeurs. L'invention est particulièrement indiquée pour la construction de chaussures à chaussage par l'arrière. Thanks to the invention, the adjustment of the ski boot with internal tightening is done without special equipment, with a simple bandage system. The liner is held in place by the bandages on a rigid sole which is embedded in the bottom of the shell to provide lateral support. The holding in height is obtained by means of a support device, the latter eliminating the play between the shell and the upper part of the liner. This makes it possible to provide hulls of sufficient width for a wide variety of feet. Thus, the retailer can reduce its inventory of hulls of different sizes. The invention is particularly indicated for the construction of shoes with rear shoes.

Claims

1. Ski boot consisting of an outer shell and an inner boot, characterized by fastening means (17, 18, 22, 24) for holding the boot (2) on a rigid sole (19) independent of the shell (1), said sole (19) comprising a base (20) intended to be embedded in the bottom of the shell (I) to ensure the lateral hold of the foot.

2. Ski boot according to claim 1, characterized in that the attachment means comprise bandages (17, 18) which enclose the boot (2) in the region of the forefoot and the neck-foot, and in that the ends of the bandages (17, 18) are attached to the front and to the rear of the sole (19) on both sides thereof.

3. Ski boot according to claim 2, characterized in that the fastening means comprise at least one device (22, 24) for adjusting the tension of the tires (17, 18).

4. Ski boot according to claim 3, characterized by two adjustment devices (22, 24) for adjusting the tightening of the forefoot or instep either simultaneously or independently of one another.

5. Ski boot according to claim 4, characterized in that the two adjustment devices (22, 24) are located in the sole (19), near one of the ends of the latter.

6. Ski boot according to claim 5, characterized in that the sole (19) has a looping element (26) to make the front and rear parts of the tires (17, 18) independent of each other.

7. Ski boot according to claim 6, characterized in that said looping element is a rivet (26) which blocks the tires (17, 18) at the place where they cross under the sole (19).

8. Ski boot according to claim 4, characterized in that the ends of the tires (17, 18) are fixed to nuts (22) housed in grooves (23) transverse to the sole (19) of my nier power slide and in that each pair of opposite nuts is supported by the same screw (24) with opposite pitch, so that the rotation of this screw causes the nuts to reverse move in order to be able to modify the tension of the tires (17, 18) .

9. Ski boot according to claim 8, characterized in that the nuts are in the form of brackets (22) having tapped holes for receiving the screw (24).

10. Ski boot according to claim 1, characterized by a instep holding device (12) composed of a curved plate disposed inside the shell (1), said plate being pressed against the boot by means of adjustment.

The invention relates to a ski boot consisting of an outer shell and an inner boot.

In traditional ski boots, tightening around the foot is obtained by tightening tension of the relatively rigid plastic shell on the foot by means of tightening loops. This procedure has several drawbacks, especially if the interior shape does not correspond sufficiently to the skier's foot. If the size is correct, the skier will have a sore foot by excessive pressure on the sides, or if he chooses a slightly larger size, he may not be sufficiently locked in the heel.

To solve these problems, it was proposed in the Swiss patent No 564324 to use a slipper which is made up of two thicknesses between which plastic foam is injected. The foot is housed in the liner which conforms directly to the footprint. This solution allows the use of a single size shell for a whole range of sizes. However, it is necessary to have a special machine for injecting the filling material. In addition, it is no longer possible to make a new adjustment after a certain time, as is often essential for ski boots.

It has also been proposed according to Swiss Patent No. 614357 to mount a foot holding device inside the rigid shell, said device being fixed to each side of the shell, passing over the instep and being tight by an adjustable screw from the outside of the shoe. This device ensures a good hold of the foot in the region of the forefoot, but does not allow the tightening of the heel.

The object of the present invention is to produce a ski boot, the boot of which can be adjusted to the foot, and which allows the tightening of the entire forefoot as well as the tightening of the heel and the instep.

To this end, the shoe according to the invention is characterized by attachment means for holding the liner on a rigid sole independent of the shell, said sole comprising a base intended to be embedded in the bottom of the shell to ensure the holding lateral of the foot.

The tightening of the foot is then no longer dependent on the shell only for the pushing of the foot forward by the rear part of this shell, thrust which makes it possible to obtain the pressure forward in the bandage system. The system makes it possible to build shells capable of accommodating feet of very different sizes.

The invention will be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the appended drawings in which: fig. 1 is a side view of a ski boot, fig. 2 is a side view of the liner attached to the rigid sole, fig. 3 is a plan view of the boot according to FIG. 2, and fig. 4 is a sectional view along line IV-IV of FIG. 2.

As shown in Figs. 1 to 4, the ski boot comprises an outer shell 1 of molded plastic, as well as an inner boot 2. The shell 1 comprises a rod 3 in two parts articulated on the bottom of the shell, itself consisting of a body 4 and a rigid bottom 5.

The rear part 6 of the upper ensures the opening towards the rear of the shoe to allow putting on.

After the introduction of the liner 2 in the shell 1, the closure is done by rotation of the rear part 6 in the direction of the arrow 7. The rear part 6 is folded over the front part 8 of the upper and the shoe is closed by the loop 9 placed at the level of the malleoli. This loop 9 can be hooked and adjusted quickly. It is easy to close, and the effort during closing is constant. To unhook the loop 9, simply lift it and press on the stop notch 10 provided for this purpose. At the calf, the closure is by a Velcro strap It has the advantages of speed and good performance.

In order to obtain better blocking of the foot, a device 12 for holding the instep comprising a curved plate 13 is placed inside the shell. This plate 13 is in contact with the upper part of the liner 2 and can be applied more or less firmly on the liner 2 by turning the adjustable knob 14 from the outside. This improves the holding of the foot in the forefoot region by eliminating the play between the upper part of the foot and the shell.

In addition to its function as an adjusting member for the plate 13, the button 14 also serves to connect the front part 8 of the rod with the upper part of the body 4 of the shell 1. A slot 15 provided in the front part 8 of the rod allows a limited movement of said part relative to the body 4 of the shell 1. The button 14, which enters this slot 15, ensures the attachment of the front part 8 of the rod to the body 4 of the shell 1.

In addition, this same front part 8 is still attached to the rear part of the body 4 of the shell by means of the same rivet 16 serving to retain the rear part 6 and to articulate the two parts of the rod.

The liner 2 is held by bandages 17, 18 on a rigid plastic sole 19 which fits into the bottom 5 of the shell 1. The sole, which is independent of the shell 1, comprises a base 20 housed in a longitudinal recess 21 of the bottom 5 of the shell 1, which ensures the lateral holding of the foot. The base is located under the arch of the foot and supports it.

** ATTENTION ** end of the CLMS field may contain start of DESC **.