CH622065A5 - Variable-geometry wind turbine - Google Patents

Variable-geometry wind turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
CH622065A5
CH622065A5 CH517278A CH517278A CH622065A5 CH 622065 A5 CH622065 A5 CH 622065A5 CH 517278 A CH517278 A CH 517278A CH 517278 A CH517278 A CH 517278A CH 622065 A5 CH622065 A5 CH 622065A5
Authority
CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
wind
blade
turbine
blades
speed
Prior art date
Application number
CH517278A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Constantin Dr Ing Teodorescu
Original Assignee
Increst Inst
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Increst Inst filed Critical Increst Inst
Publication of CH622065A5 publication Critical patent/CH622065A5/en

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06Rotors
    • F03D3/061Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape, e.g. aerofoil profiles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/06Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/20Rotors
    • F05B2240/202Rotors with adjustable area of intercepted fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/20Rotors
    • F05B2240/21Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/216Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the anemometer type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00Control
    • F05B2270/10Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/101Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Description

622 065 622,065

2 2

Claims (2)

REVENDICATION CLAIM Turbine éolienne à géométrie variable comportant un axe vertical monté à l'intérieur d'un support, pourvu à sa partie supérieure d'une série de bras, caractérisée en ce qu'à l'extrémité de chaque bras (4) horizontal, solidaire de l'axe vertical (1), est montée, par l'intermédiaire d'une articulation (7), une pale (5) semi-cylindrique terminée à l'extrémité par un demi-disque (6), chaque pale étant pourvue d'un heurtoir (8) qui empêche la pale de heurter le support (2) quand la pale se replie.Wind turbine with variable geometry comprising a vertical axis mounted inside a support, provided at its upper part with a series of arms, characterized in that at the end of each horizontal arm (4), integral with the vertical axis (1), is mounted, via a hinge (7), a semi-cylindrical blade (5) terminated at the end by a half-disc (6), each blade being provided with 'a knocker (8) which prevents the blade from hitting the support (2) when the blade folds. L'invention concerne une turbine éolienne à pales multiples dont la géométrie se modifie automatiquement en fonction de la vitesse du vent.The invention relates to a wind turbine with multiple blades whose geometry changes automatically according to the speed of the wind. On connaît une installation éolienne à plusieurs pales fixes, de forme conique, la face concave exposée à l'action du vent, des pales montées à l'extrémité des bras horizontaux fixés solidairement à un axe central. Cette installation permet un réglage automatique du régime de rotation à tous les régimes du vent, au moyen d'une soupape montée au sommet du cône qui commence à s'ouvrir automatiquement à une vitesse déterminée du vent.A wind turbine installation with several fixed blades, of conical shape, the concave face exposed to the action of the wind, blades mounted at the end of the horizontal arms fixed integrally to a central axis, is known. This installation allows automatic adjustment of the rotation speed at all wind speeds, by means of a valve mounted at the top of the cone which begins to open automatically at a determined wind speed. Cette installation a l'inconvénient d'un fonctionnement instable dû à l'utilisation de soupapes qui constituent un organe supplémentaire soumis à détérioration. Elle a aussi un rendement diminué aux grandes vitesses du vent.This installation has the disadvantage of unstable operation due to the use of valves which constitute an additional member subject to deterioration. It also has a reduced efficiency at high wind speeds. On connaît également une turbine éolienne constituée d'un axe vertical central, pourvu à sa partie supérieure d'un disque, sur lequel sont montées de manière articulée une série de pales qui peuvent se mouvoir seulement sur un plan horizontal par l'intermédiaire de bras et de leviers à l'extrémité desquels est fixé un contrepoids. Pendant la rotation, le contrepoids a tendance à prendre une position extrême influençant ainsi la position de la pale par rapport à l'action du vent. Cette installation permet un réglage automatique du régime de rotation par la modification de la position des pales par rapport à la direction du vent, grâce à l'action des contrepoids.A wind turbine is also known consisting of a central vertical axis, provided at its upper part with a disc, on which are mounted in an articulated manner a series of blades which can move only on a horizontal plane by means of arms and levers at the end of which is fixed a counterweight. During the rotation, the counterweight tends to take an extreme position thus influencing the position of the blade with respect to the action of the wind. This installation allows automatic adjustment of the rotation speed by modifying the position of the blades with respect to the direction of the wind, thanks to the action of the counterweights. L'inconvénient de cette installation consiste dans la diminution sensible du rendement de la conversion de l'énergie éolienne en énergie mécanique aux vitesses supérieures.The disadvantage of this installation consists in the substantial reduction in the efficiency of the conversion of wind energy into mechanical energy at higher speeds. On connaît aussi une éolienne qui consiste en un rotor à mouvement horizontal autour d'un axe vertical, rotor dont la forme peut être elliptique ou cylindrique, sur lequel sont montées, de manière pivotante, par l'intermédiaire de charnières, des pales longitudinales pourvues d'une série d'ailettes placées transversalement sur la longueur de chaque pale. Ces ailettes servent d'appuis aux pales sur le corps du rotor lorsqu'elles se trouvent en position complètement ouverte, situation qui se produit seulement dans la région du rotor où le sens de rotation de la pale autour de son articulation, grâce à la force centrifuge, correspond au sens de la vitesse du vent.A wind turbine is also known which consists of a rotor with horizontal movement around a vertical axis, the rotor whose shape can be elliptical or cylindrical, on which are mounted, in a pivoting manner, by means of hinges, longitudinal blades provided a series of fins placed transversely along the length of each blade. These fins act as supports for the blades on the body of the rotor when they are in the completely open position, a situation which occurs only in the region of the rotor where the direction of rotation of the blade around its articulation, thanks to the force centrifugal, corresponds to the direction of the wind speed. Cette position tend à devenir intermédiaire entre la position ouverte et fermée de la pale, lorsque le centre de gravité de l'ailette s'approche de la ligne de prolongement du rayon du rotor, grâce à l'action de la force centrifuge. Dans ce cas, chaque pale se place contre le vent, en diminuant la largeur de la pale exposée au vent.This position tends to become intermediate between the open and closed position of the blade, when the center of gravity of the fin approaches the line of extension of the radius of the rotor, thanks to the action of centrifugal force. In this case, each blade is placed against the wind, decreasing the width of the blade exposed to the wind. Cet appareil a l'inconvénient du déséquilibrage dynamique pendant le fonctionnement, associé à la faible sensibilité au démarrage et à une grande complexité constructive.This device has the disadvantage of dynamic unbalancing during operation, associated with low sensitivity at start-up and high constructive complexity. La turbine éolienne à géométrie variable de l'invention a pour but d'écarter lés inconvénients mentionnés ci-dessus par le fait qu'elle comporte un axe vertical monté à l'intérieur d'un support par l'intermédiaire de paliers et pourvu à sa partie supérieure d'une série de bras horizontaux solidaires de l'axe vertical, sur lesquels sont montées, par l'intermédiaire d'une articulation, des pales semi-cylindriques terminées à leur extrémité par des demi-disques, chaque pale étant pourvue d'un heurtoir qui empêche la pale de heurter le support quand la pale se replie.The purpose of the variable-geometry wind turbine of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages mentioned above by the fact that it comprises a vertical axis mounted inside a support by means of bearings and provided with its upper part of a series of horizontal arms integral with the vertical axis, on which are mounted, by means of an articulation, semi-cylindrical blades terminated at their end by half-discs, each blade being provided a knocker that prevents the blade from hitting the support when the blade folds. On donne ci-dessous un exemple de réalisation de l'invention, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :An exemplary embodiment of the invention is given below, with reference to the appended drawings, in which: la fig. 1 est une vue axonométrique d'une turbine éolienne à géométrie variable;fig. 1 is an axonometric view of a variable geometry wind turbine; la fig. 2 est une section, en plan vertical, d'une turbine comprenant deux pales semi-cylindriques ;fig. 2 is a section, in vertical plane, of a turbine comprising two semi-cylindrical blades; la fig. 3 est une vue horizontale des éléments mobiles d'une turbine;fig. 3 is a horizontal view of the moving parts of a turbine; la fig. 4 est une section similaire à celle de la fig. 2, montrant les positions des centres de gravité et de pression de la pale pendant la rotation;fig. 4 is a section similar to that of FIG. 2, showing the positions of the blade's centers of gravity and pressure during rotation; la fig. 5 représente la courbe de variation du nombre de tours de la turbine en fonction de la vitesse du vent.fig. 5 represents the curve of variation of the number of turns of the turbine according to the speed of the wind. La turbine éolienne à géométrie variable, selon l'invention, est constituée d'un axe vertical 1 monté à l'intérieur d'un support 2 par l'intermédiaire des paliers 3.The variable-geometry wind turbine, according to the invention, consists of a vertical axis 1 mounted inside a support 2 via bearings 3. L'axe vertical est pourvu à sa partie supérieure d'une série de bras 4 horizontaux, solidaires de l'axe vertical 1. A l'extrémité de chaque bras est montée de manière articulée une pale 5 semi-cylindrique, limitée à ses deux extrémités par un demi-disque 6.The vertical axis is provided at its upper part with a series of horizontal arms 4, integral with the vertical axis 1. At the end of each arm is mounted in an articulated manner a semi-cylindrical blade 5, limited to its two ends with a half-disc 6. Chaque pale a la possibilité d'osciller entre la position verticale initiale et la position horizontale extrême par l'intermédiaire d'une articulation 7.Each blade has the possibility of oscillating between the initial vertical position and the extreme horizontal position via an articulation 7. Un heurtoir 8 placé sur chaque pale 5 ne lui permet pas de toucher le support A knocker 8 placed on each blade 5 does not allow it to touch the support 2.2. Le fonctionnement de la turbine éolienne est le suivant: En l'absence de vent, les pales 5 de la turbine se trouvent en position verticale. A mesure que la vitesse du vent augmente, la turbine éolienne commence à tourner grâce à la pression du vent sur les pales 5 semi-cylindriques.The operation of the wind turbine is as follows: In the absence of wind, the blades 5 of the turbine are in a vertical position. As the wind speed increases, the wind turbine begins to rotate due to the pressure of the wind on the semi-cylindrical blades. Pendant la rotation de la turbine à une vitesse V du vent, deux forces agissent simultanément, en plan vertical, sur le centre de gravité G de chaque pale : la force de gravité Fg et la force centrifuge Fc. La position de la pale est déterminée par la résultante de ces forces. Le centre de pression P de chaque pale 5 se trouvera à une distance R par rapport à l'axe de rotation de la turbine, distance qui s'accroît en même temps que l'accélération de la vitesse du vent, ce qui provoque une très lente variation du nombre de tours de la turbine (fig. 5).During the rotation of the turbine at a speed V of the wind, two forces act simultaneously, in the vertical plane, on the center of gravity G of each blade: the force of gravity Fg and the centrifugal force Fc. The position of the blade is determined by the resultant of these forces. The center of pressure P of each blade 5 will be at a distance R with respect to the axis of rotation of the turbine, a distance which increases at the same time as the acceleration of the wind speed, which causes a very slow variation in the number of revolutions of the turbine (fig. 5). Le diamètre du rotor augmente, limitant l'accroissement de la vitesse de rotation dans les conditions de l'amplification du couple actif, ce qui permet le maintien d'un régime de rotation sensiblement constant, même en cas de modifications importantes de l'intensité du vent.The diameter of the rotor increases, limiting the increase in the rotational speed under the conditions of the amplification of the active torque, which allows the maintenance of a substantially constant rotational speed, even in the event of significant changes in the intensity the wind. L'invention présente les avantages suivants :The invention has the following advantages: — assurer le maintien d'un nombre de tours sensiblement constant dans une large gamme de vitesses du vent;— maintain a substantially constant number of revolutions over a wide range of wind speeds; — permettre un fonctionnement sûr à tous les régimes de vent;— allow safe operation at all wind speeds; — présenter une construction simple, sans risques de dérèglement;— present a simple construction, with no risk of disruption; — assurer un rendement énergétique élevé à n'importe quelle vitesse du vent.— ensure high energy efficiency at any wind speed. 55 1010 1515 2020 2525 3030 3535 4040 4545 5050 5555 6060 RR 3 feuilles dessins3 drawing sheets
CH517278A 1977-05-28 1978-05-12 Variable-geometry wind turbine CH622065A5 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RO7790504A RO67407A2 (en) 1977-05-28 1977-05-28 EOLIENE TURBINE WITH VARIABLE GEOMETRY

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CH622065A5 true CH622065A5 (en) 1981-03-13

Family

ID=20097782

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CH517278A CH622065A5 (en) 1977-05-28 1978-05-12 Variable-geometry wind turbine

Country Status (16)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS541739A (en)
AU (1) AU523899B2 (en)
BE (1) BE867271A (en)
BR (1) BR7803373A (en)
CH (1) CH622065A5 (en)
DD (1) DD136997A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2823065C3 (en)
DK (1) DK234278A (en)
ES (1) ES470168A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2392250A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1569554A (en)
IT (1) IT1095844B (en)
NL (1) NL7805486A (en)
PT (1) PT68088A (en)
RO (1) RO67407A2 (en)
SE (1) SE433246B (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0096939A3 (en) * 1982-06-16 1985-07-31 Roger Martin Edmond Boudewijn Dejaegher Windmill with mobile paddles & centrifugal effect
WO2003062671A1 (en) * 2002-01-25 2003-07-31 Simon Tabatadze Apparatus for transforming a rotative motion
BE1018108A5 (en) * 2008-04-24 2010-05-04 Turbowinds S A WIND TURBINE, SHEET FOR A WIND TURBINE, SEGMENT FOR A SHEET FOR A WIND TURBINE, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AND MAKING A WIND TURBINE.
WO2009143580A1 (en) * 2008-05-30 2009-12-03 Peter Biggs Electrical power generator
CZ28023U1 (en) * 2014-08-13 2015-03-31 Vp Delta S.R.O. Wind motor

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1443912A (en) * 1920-11-27 1923-01-30 Dominguez Zacarias Wind-power wheel
FR40341E (en) * 1931-05-29 1932-06-09 Aeromotor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2823065A1 (en) 1978-12-14
BE867271A (en) 1978-09-18
DE2823065B2 (en) 1979-08-23
SE7806056L (en) 1978-11-29
NL7805486A (en) 1978-11-30
AU3629778A (en) 1979-11-22
FR2392250B1 (en) 1981-12-24
PT68088A (en) 1978-06-01
IT7823883A0 (en) 1978-05-26
DK234278A (en) 1978-11-29
RO67407A2 (en) 1982-07-06
SE433246B (en) 1984-05-14
BR7803373A (en) 1979-02-06
GB1569554A (en) 1980-06-18
IT1095844B (en) 1985-08-17
FR2392250A1 (en) 1978-12-22
DD136997A5 (en) 1979-08-08
JPS541739A (en) 1979-01-08
DE2823065C3 (en) 1980-05-14
ES470168A1 (en) 1979-01-16
AU523899B2 (en) 1982-08-19

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