CH613604A5 - Fish food and its use - Google Patents
Fish food and its useInfo
- Publication number
- CH613604A5 CH613604A5 CH549776A CH549776A CH613604A5 CH 613604 A5 CH613604 A5 CH 613604A5 CH 549776 A CH549776 A CH 549776A CH 549776 A CH549776 A CH 549776A CH 613604 A5 CH613604 A5 CH 613604A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- fish
- feed
- water
- fish feed
- granules
- Prior art date
Links
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012460 protein solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000277331 Salmonidae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000656145 Thyrsites atun Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005862 Whey Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002639 bone cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 molasses and whey Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010027322 single cell proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/80—Feeding devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
In order to protect fish food from rapid disintegration and sinking to the bottom after addition to still water, granules of commercially available fish food are treated with binders in such a way that the granules are sparingly soluble in cold water. The binders preferably used are proteins in the form of gelatin and glue, as well as fats, carbohydrates and cellulose derivatives. The water-stable fish food obtained in this way is employed in fish breeding units, in which case it is kept in circulation by moving the water.
Description
**WARNUNG** Anfang DESC Feld konnte Ende CLMS uberlappen **.
PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1. Fischfutter, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fischfutter. welches die Form eines Granulates aufweist, mit Bindemitteln derart behandelt ist, dass das Granulat in Kaltwasser schwerlöslich ist.
2. Verwendung des Fischfutters gemäss Anspruch 1 zur Fütterung von Fischen in einer Fischzuchtanlage, wobei das Fischfutter nach Zugabe ins Wasser in Umlauf gehalten wird.
3. Fischfutter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Bindemittel Gelatine, Haut- oder Knochenleime verwendet sind.
4. Fischfutter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Bindemittel Proteine verwendet sind.
5. Fischfutter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Bindemittel Fette verwendet sind.
6. Fischfutter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Bindemittel in Kaltwasser schwerlösliche Kohlenhydrate verwendet sind.
7. Fischfutter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Bindemittel in Kaltwasser schwerlösliche Cellulosederivate verwendet sind.
8. Fischfutter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Bindemittel in Kaltwasser schwerlösliche Kunststoffe verwendet sind.
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Fischfutter und eine Verwendung desselben.
Der weltweite Mangel an Eiweissstoffen für Nahrungs- und Futtermittel ist bekannt. Die Landwirtschaft ist nicht mehr in der Lage, den steigenden Bedarf zu decken. Neben der Erzeugung von sogenannten S.C.P. (Single Cell Proteinen) in Form von Hefen, Bakterien und Pilzen spielt die industrielle Kultivierung von Fischen eine immer grössere Rolle.
Handelsübliche Fischfutter setzen sich aus proteinhaltigen Stoffen, wie beispielsweise Fischmehl, Sojamehl und Hefe, wenig Fett und Kohlehydrate sowie aus den notwendigen Salzen und Vitaminen zusammen. Wegen der guten Aminosäurenzusammensetzung werden immer mehr Hefen mitverwendet.
Solche Hefen werden industriell in Fermentoren auf Rohstoffbasis von Abfallkohlehydraten, wie beispielsweise Melasse und Molke, unter starker Belüftung gezüchtet.
Raubfische, wie beispielsweise Forellen und Hechte, nehmen das Futter vorzugsweise schwimmend. Daher werden pelletisierte Futtermittel gereicht, die eine gewisse Zeit an der Wasseroberfläche schwimmen. Diese Futtermittel sind teuer, haben jedoch den Vorteil, dass sie nur langsam auf den Boden absinken und sich dann dort mit dem Kot vermischen.
Es wurden nach der DE-PS 2 423 753 Alginate als Bindemittel in das Fischfutter eingearbeitet, wodurch den Pellets eine verbesserte strukturelle Festigkeit verliehen wird. Die nichtgebundenen Granulate sind in einigen Minuten im Wasser zerfallen.
Die granulierten handelsüblichen Fischfuttermittel sind so schwer, dass sie in ruhendem Wasser relativ schnell auf den Behälterboden absinken. In Schlammform kann das Futter jedoch nicht mehr von den Fischen aufgenommen werden, es geht verloren und vergrössert die Kotmenge, die zur Reinigungsanlage geleitet werden muss.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, Fischfutter zu schaffen, das in Kaltwasser schwerlöslich ist. Eine weitere Aufgabe ist die Verwendung des schwerlöslichen Fischfutters.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäss durch ein Fischfutter nach Anspruch 1, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass das Fischfutter, welches die Form eines Granulates aufweist, mit Bindemitteln derart behandelt ist, dass das Granulat in Kaltwasser schwerlöslich ist. Bei der erfindungsgemässen Verwendung des Fischfuttermittels zur Fütterung in einer Fischzuchtanlage wird das Fischfutter nach Zugabe ins Wasser in Umlauf gehalten.
Im folgenden sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung erläutert.
Gelatine und Leim haben weitgehend die gewünschten Eigenschaften als Bindemittel. Gelatine und Leim quellen in kaltem Wasser, lösen sich aber nicht auf. Es wurde nun gefun den, dass Fischfuttergranulate, die mit Gelatine oder Leim getränkt und anschliessend getrocknet werden, tagelang nicht zerfallen. Zudem sind die Teilchen aufgequollen, schlüpfrig und besitzen eine für den Fisch bekannte Konsistenz. Sie sind in gequollenem-Zustand ähnlich beschaffen wie ein Kleinfisch, der dem Raubfisch normalerweise als Futter dient. Des weiteren sind Gelatine und Leim reines Protein und erhöhen so den Proteingehalt des Futters.
Selbstverständlich können anstelle von Gelatine auch- ähnliche Proteine und Proteinlösungen zum selben Zwecke verwendet werden, vorausgesetzt, dass sie im kalten Wasser relativ unlöslich sind. Es können auch Proteinlösungen, z. B. durch pH-Änderungen, auf dem Futter ausgefällt werden, müssen aber eine gewisse Klebkraft besitzen.
Die Granulate können auch aus normalem Fischfutter gewonnen werden, indem die Leimlösung auf deren Oberfläche aufgetragen und getrocknet wird.
Eine ähnliche Wirkung kann auch mit anderen Substanzen als Proteinen erreicht werden (z. B. Hartfette, wasserunlösliche Kohlehydrate, Cellulosederivate und verdauliche oder halbverdauliche Kunststoffe). Collagen-Hydrolysate haben sich allerdings als am besten geeignet erwiesen.
Durch solche wasserfeste Fischfutter ist es auch möglich, -die Futterteilchen in Bewegung zu halten, ohne dass sie zerfallen, und können so dem Fisch als lebendes Futter dienen.
Das Fischfutter wird nun nicht mehr einfach in den Fischzuchtapparat geworfen, wobei ein grosser Teil mit dem Kot verlorengeht, sondern es wird nach Zugabe ins Wasser so in
Umlauf gehalten, dass es in ständiger Bewegung bleibt. Es können so richtige Futterstellen im Apparat errichtet werden, wo der Fisch sich an sauberem Futter ernährt, keinen eigenen Kot mehr aufnimmt und daher auch weniger anfällig gegen Krankheiten ist.
** WARNING ** Beginning of DESC field could overlap end of CLMS **.
PATENT CLAIMS
1. Fish feed, characterized in that the fish feed. which has the form of granules, is treated with binders in such a way that the granules are sparingly soluble in cold water.
2. Use of the fish feed according to claim 1 for feeding fish in a fish breeding facility, the fish feed being kept in circulation after being added to the water.
3. Fish feed according to claim 1, characterized in that gelatine, hide or bone glue are used as the binding agent.
4. Fish feed according to claim 1, characterized in that proteins are used as binding agents.
5. Fish feed according to claim 1, characterized in that fats are used as binding agents.
6. Fish feed according to claim 1, characterized in that poorly soluble carbohydrates are used as binding agents in cold water.
7. Fish feed according to claim 1, characterized in that cellulose derivatives which are sparingly soluble in cold water are used as binders.
8. Fish feed according to claim 1, characterized in that plastics which are sparingly soluble in cold water are used as binders.
The invention relates to a fish feed and a use thereof.
The global shortage of proteins for food and feed is well known. Agriculture is no longer able to meet the increasing demand. In addition to the production of so-called S.C.P. (Single Cell Proteins) in the form of yeast, bacteria and fungi, the industrial cultivation of fish is playing an increasingly important role.
Commercial fish feed consists of proteinaceous substances such as fish meal, soy meal and yeast, little fat and carbohydrates, as well as the necessary salts and vitamins. Because of the good amino acid composition, more and more yeasts are used.
Such yeasts are grown industrially in fermentors based on raw material from waste carbohydrates, such as molasses and whey, with strong aeration.
Predatory fish such as trout and pike prefer to eat their food by swimming. Therefore, pelletized feed is served that floats on the water surface for a certain time. This feed is expensive, but has the advantage that it sinks slowly to the bottom and then mixes with the manure there.
According to German Pat. No. 2,423,753, alginates were incorporated into the fish feed as binders, as a result of which the pellets are given improved structural strength. The unbound granules disintegrate in the water in a few minutes.
The granulated commercially available fish feeds are so heavy that they sink relatively quickly to the bottom of the container in still water. In the form of sludge, the fish can no longer ingest the feed, it is lost and increases the amount of feces that has to be sent to the cleaning system.
The object of the invention is to create fish food that is sparingly soluble in cold water. Another task is the use of the poorly soluble fish food.
The object is achieved according to the invention by a fish feed according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the fish feed, which has the form of granules, is treated with binders in such a way that the granules are sparingly soluble in cold water. When using the fish feed according to the invention for feeding in a fish breeding facility, the fish feed is kept in circulation after it has been added to the water.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained below.
Gelatine and glue largely have the desired properties as binders. Gelatin and glue swell in cold water but do not dissolve. It has now been found that fish feed granules that are soaked with gelatine or glue and then dried do not disintegrate for days. In addition, the particles are swollen, slippery and have a consistency known for the fish. When swollen, they are similar in nature to a small fish that the predatory fish normally eats. Furthermore, gelatine and glue are pure protein and thus increase the protein content of the feed.
Of course, instead of gelatine, similar proteins and protein solutions can also be used for the same purpose, provided that they are relatively insoluble in cold water. Protein solutions, e.g. B. due to pH changes, are precipitated on the feed, but must have a certain adhesive strength.
The granules can also be obtained from normal fish feed by applying the glue solution to its surface and drying it.
A similar effect can also be achieved with substances other than proteins (e.g. hard fats, water-insoluble carbohydrates, cellulose derivatives and digestible or semi-digestible plastics). However, collagen hydrolyzates have proven to be the most suitable.
With such waterproof fish food it is also possible to keep the food particles in motion without them disintegrating and can thus serve the fish as living food.
The fish food is no longer simply thrown into the fish breeding apparatus, whereby a large part is lost with the excrement, but it becomes so in after being added to the water
Maintained in circulation so that it remains in constant motion. In this way, proper feeding places can be set up in the apparatus, where the fish feeds on clean feed, no longer takes up its own droppings and is therefore less susceptible to diseases.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH549776A CH613604A5 (en) | 1976-04-29 | 1976-04-29 | Fish food and its use |
NO770911A NO147622C (en) | 1976-03-24 | 1977-03-15 | DEVICE FOR LINING OF FISH WITH WATER-STABLE FISHING. |
DE19772711485 DE2711485A1 (en) | 1976-03-24 | 1977-03-16 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FEEDING FISH WITH WATER STABLE FISHFOOD |
FR7708750A FR2361063A1 (en) | 1976-03-24 | 1977-03-18 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ENSURING FISH FEEDING BY MEANS OF STABLE FEEDS IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER |
SE7703247A SE432044B (en) | 1976-03-24 | 1977-03-22 | PROCEDURE AND APPARATUS FOR FEEDING FISH WITH STABLE WATER |
IT21501/77A IT1078019B (en) | 1976-03-24 | 1977-03-22 | DEVICE FOR FISHING FISH WITH A WATER STABLE FOOD |
JP3275277A JPS52141394A (en) | 1976-03-24 | 1977-03-24 | Process and apparatus for feeding fish with baits difficult to collapse even after soaking in water |
FR7735978A FR2361073A1 (en) | 1976-03-24 | 1977-11-23 | FISH FOOD |
CH102779A CH617066A5 (en) | 1976-04-29 | 1979-02-02 | Apparatus for feeding fish with fish food which is stable in water, and method of operating the apparatus |
SE8100162A SE436680B (en) | 1976-04-29 | 1981-01-13 | Fish fodder substances in the form of pellets and the method for manufacturing these |
US06/286,543 US4400399A (en) | 1976-03-24 | 1981-07-24 | Method and an arrangement for feeding fish with a fodder |
NO813812A NO813812L (en) | 1976-04-29 | 1981-11-11 | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR FEEDING FISH WITH WATER-STABLE FISHING FEED. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH549776A CH613604A5 (en) | 1976-04-29 | 1976-04-29 | Fish food and its use |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CH613604A5 true CH613604A5 (en) | 1979-10-15 |
Family
ID=4294589
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH549776A CH613604A5 (en) | 1976-03-24 | 1976-04-29 | Fish food and its use |
CH102779A CH617066A5 (en) | 1976-04-29 | 1979-02-02 | Apparatus for feeding fish with fish food which is stable in water, and method of operating the apparatus |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH102779A CH617066A5 (en) | 1976-04-29 | 1979-02-02 | Apparatus for feeding fish with fish food which is stable in water, and method of operating the apparatus |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CH (2) | CH613604A5 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DK178985B1 (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2017-07-24 | Sp/F Frama | System and method for removing exterior parasites from fish and fish feeding system and method |
-
1976
- 1976-04-29 CH CH549776A patent/CH613604A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1979
- 1979-02-02 CH CH102779A patent/CH617066A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH617066A5 (en) | 1980-05-14 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUE | Assignment |
Owner name: PEC, PROCESS ENGINEERING COMPANY |
|
PL | Patent ceased |