CH593328A5 - Detergent additives for motor and heating fuels - contg. cycloaliphatic alcohol esters of lower fatty acids as solvent - Google Patents
Detergent additives for motor and heating fuels - contg. cycloaliphatic alcohol esters of lower fatty acids as solventInfo
- Publication number
- CH593328A5 CH593328A5 CH708174A CH708174A CH593328A5 CH 593328 A5 CH593328 A5 CH 593328A5 CH 708174 A CH708174 A CH 708174A CH 708174 A CH708174 A CH 708174A CH 593328 A5 CH593328 A5 CH 593328A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- degrees
- fuel
- additives
- volume
- fatty acid
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 title description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- YYLLIJHXUHJATK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 YYLLIJHXUHJATK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 13
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- -1 fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 5
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XCIXKGXIYUWCLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanol Chemical compound OC1CCCC1 XCIXKGXIYUWCLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=O SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- AFSHUZFNMVJNKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycerol Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CO)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC AFSHUZFNMVJNKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFSHUZFNMVJNKX-LLWMBOQKSA-N 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](CO)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC AFSHUZFNMVJNKX-LLWMBOQKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002262 Schiff base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004753 Schiff bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000779819 Syncarpia glomulifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSCGCDXAEHGNMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phenyl octadecanoate Chemical compound [Ca].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 LSCGCDXAEHGNMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010624 camphor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CO)CO YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N glycerol monolinoleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerol monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001739 pinus spp. Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N triolein Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940036248 turpentine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/221—Organic compounds containing nitrogen compounds of uncertain formula; reaction products where mixtures of compounds are obtained
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
Additives for heating and motor fuels contg. (A) a condensn. prod. of 1 mol glycerol or 1 mol polyethanolamine and 1-2 mols fatty acid with at least 10C atoms, (B) an ester of a sat. cycloaliphatic alcohol with 5-7 ring atoms and a lower fatty acid, and (C) one or more mineral oil raffinates with viscosity 1.6 degrees E min. at 20 degrees C and 15 degrees E max. at 50 degrees C. Use of (B) as the solvent component in fuel additives in general is also claimed. Combustion of diesel oil is intensified and improved. Residues e.g. soot, in the injection nozzles and outlets are reduced and broken down. Content of soot, unburnt hydrocarbons, etc. in the exhaust gases is reduced. Wear on the injection assembly, piston rings, etc. is reduced, parts in contact with fuel are protected from corrosion and the ageing stability of diesel fuel is improved.
Description
Bei dem Betrieb von Heizölbrennern und Verbrennungskraftmaschinen ergeben sich bei manchen Betriebszuständen zufolge unvollständiger Verbrennung Nachteile wie:
Korrosion und Verschleiss durch saure Verbrennungsprodukte;
Rückstände im Brennraum und in den Auslasswegen;
Schadstoffe wie CO und unverbrannte Kohlenwasserstoffe in den Abgasen.
Diese unabwendbaren Erscheinungen sind besonders gravierend bei Motoren, die unterkühlt gefahren werden, wie dies im Kurzstreckenbetrieb der Fall ist.
Zu den erwähnten Nachteilen, wie sie durch die unvollständige Verbrennung entstehen, kommen bei Vergasermotoren Verschmutzungen im Ansaugsystem von aussen und durch die Kurbelgehäuseentlüftung hinzu. Diese Verunreinigungen können eine einwandfreie Gemischbildung erheblich gefährden, was sich im Sinne einer Begünstigung der erwähnten Nachteile auswirkt. Vor allem kann der Gehalt an giftigem CO in den Abgasen über den zulässigen Wert ansteigen.
Man versucht, die obigen Nachteile durch Zusatz von verschiedenen Zusatzmitteln zu Brenn- und Treibstoffen zu beseitigen. Ein solches Zusatzmittel soll das Ansaugsystem kontinuierlich von den schwer oder nicht verdampfenden Verunreinigungen wie Gum, Harze, Schmierstoffanteile, Schmutz etc.
reinigen und somit eine einwandfreie Gemischbildung gewährleisten. Ebenso soll es die Verbrennungsrückstände im Brennraum und in den Auslasswegen lösen und die Werkstoffe vor Korrosion schützen.
Als Zusatzmittel sind bereits zahlreiche Kombinationen von antikorrosiv und reinigend wirkenden Substanzen vorgeschlagen worden. Es handelt sich dabei vorwiegend um Kombinationen von Korrosionsschutzmitteln oder auch ausgewählten Detergentien mit Lösungsmitteln, wie Terpentinöle, Kampfer öle, Alkohole, Ketone, Ester und Halogenkohlenwasserstoffe.
In letzter Zeit wurde als besonders wirksam ein Additiv empfohlen, bestehend aus Polyalkoholfettsäureestern bzw. freien Fettsäuren mit mindestens 12 C-Atomen, aliphatischen Fettsäureestern sowie Calciumphenylstearat. Ferner wurde vorgeschlagen, in diesen Additiven anstelle von aliphatischen Fettsäureestern Ester des Phenols und seiner Homologen oder Fettsäureester mit einer Hydroxy- oder Alkoxy-Gruppe im Fettsäureteil oder im Alkoholteil oder in beiden sowie Gemische dieser Ester zu verwenden.
Die Erfindung bezieht sich nun auf die Verwendung eines Esters eines gesättigten cycloaliphatischen Alkohols mit 5 bis 7 Ringatomen und einer niederen Fettsäure als Lösungsmittelkomponente von Zusatzmitteln für Brenn- und Treibstoffe.
Die bevorzugte Lösungsmittelkomponente ist Cyclohexanolacetat. Die cycloaliphatischen Reste können auch durch Methyl- oder Äthylgruppen und dgl. substituiert sein. Als Säurekomponente dieser Ester kommen vor allem Ameisensäure, Essigsäure und Propionsäure in Betracht.
Besonders vorteilhaft sind Zusatzmittel, die a) ein Kondensationsprodukt aus 1 Mol Glycerin oder 1 Mol eines Polyäthanolamins und mindestens 1 und maximal 2 Mol einer Fettsäure mit mindestens 10 Kohlenstoffatomen oder einer äquivalenten Menge eines Gemisches von solchen Fettsäuren, b) einen oben definierten Ester als Lösungsmittelkomponente und c) ein oder mehrere Mineralölraffinate mit einer Viskosität von mindestens 1,60 E/200C und maximal 150 E/50oC enthalten.
Die Komponenten a) und b) werden im allgemeinen in Mengen von bis zu 50% verwendet und die Komponente c) meist in Mengen von 10 bis 15%, bei Zusatzmitteln für Dieseltreibstoffe auch in Mengen bis zu 80pro.
Zur Herstellung der Komponente a) kann man in an sich bekannter Weise z. B. 1 Mol Triäthanolamin mit 1 Mol einer Fettsäure mit mindestens 10 Kohlenstoffatomen, beispielsweise Ölsäure, 1 bis 3 Stunden lang auf Temperaturen von über 1300C erhitzen. Um helle Kondensationsprodukte zu erhalten, ist es vorteilhaft, die Reaktion in Behältern aus Glas, Porzellan oder korrosionsfesten Stählen durchzuführen; auch kann es nützlich sein, die Reaktion im Vakuum unter Zusatz von Metalldesaktivatoren, wie z. B. einer Schiffschen Base des Salicylaldehyds, vorzunehmen. Nach vollständigem Abdestillieren des Wassers und Abkühlen erhält man bei Verwendung von Ölsäure ein hellgelbes bis leicht bräunlich gefärbtes, flüssiges Kondensationsprodukt, das übenviegend aus dem Monoölsäureester des Triäthanolamins besteht.
Verwendet man anstelle von 1 Mol Ölsäure 2 Mol dieser Säure, so entsteht übenviegend der Triäthanolamin-diölsäureester. Die beiden genannten Kondensationsprodukte sind in den meisten Lösungsmitteln und in den zu verwendenden Mineralölraffinaten leicht löslich.
Anstelle des Kondensationsproduktes aus Triäthanolamin und einer Fettsäure mit mindestens 10 Kohlenstoffatomen kann auch ein Produkt, das durch analoge Kondensation von 1 Mol Diäthanolamin mit 1 Mol einer Fettsäure mit mindestens 10 Kohlenstoffatomen bzw. eines Gemisches solcher Fettsäuren erhalten wird, verwendet werden. Wird als Fettsäure technische Ölsäure verwendet, so erhält man als Reaktionsprodukt übenviegend den Monoölsäureester des Diäthanolamins.
Statt eines Kondensationsproduktes eines Polyäthanolamins kann man auch ein entsprechendes Kondensationsprodukt des Glycerins, z. B. Glycerinmonooleat, Glycerindioleat oder Glycerinmonostearat, verwenden.
Geeignte Zusatzmittel enthalten die Komponenten z. B. in den folgenden Mengen: 1) 10,0 Vol.% Komponente a
30,0 Vol.% Komponente b
60,0 Vol. % Komponente c
Dieses Produkt kann in einer Menge von 0,25 Vol. % zu üblichem Motortreibstoff gegeben werden. Dies entspricht folgenden Konzentrationen im Motortreibstoff:
0,025 Vol. % Komponente a
0,075 Vol. % Komponente b
0,150 Vol. % Komponente c 2) 20 Vol. % Komponente a
28 Vol.% Komponente b
52 Vol.% Komponente c
Wenn man dieses Produkt in einer Menge von 1 Vol. % zu üblichem Motortreibstoff zugibt, ergeben sich folgende Konzentrationen im Motortreibstoff:
:
0,20 Vol. % Komponente a
0,28 Vol.% Komponente b
0,52 Vol.% Komponente c
Bei den motorischen Versuchen hat sich gezeigt, dass schon sehr geringe Mengen der einzelnen Komponenten des Zusatzmittels eine optimale Wirkung auf einen üblichen Kraftstoff ausüben. In der Regel genügen 0,005 bis 1 Vol. %, vorzugsweise 0,02 bis 0,5 Vol. %, bezogen auf den Motortreibstoff.
Die jeweilige Menge der im Zusatzmittel enthaltenen Einzelkomponenten wird sich weitgehend nach der gewünschten Konzentration der Einzelkomponenten im Brenn- oder Treib stoff und nach der Menge des Zusatzmittels, das dem Brennoder Treibstoff zugeführt werden soll, richten.
Die Zusatzmittel können ausser Mineralölraffinaten auch synthetische aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Kogasin oder auch synthetische oder natürliche aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Alkylbenzole, enthalten. Dem Zusatzmittel können ferner weitere Stoffe, wie beispielsweise Korrosionsinhibitoren, Zündbeschleuniger, Oktanzahlverbesserer, Antioxydantien, Hochdruckzusätze, Verbrennungskatalysatoren und dergleichen, die üblicherweise den Treibstoffen zugesetzt werden, beigefügt werden.
In den folgenden Beispielen werden einige Zusatzmittel erläutert, die sich als besonders wirksam erwiesen haben. Die einzelnen Komponenten können aber den Brenn- und Treibstoffen auch direkt in den angegebenen Mengen zugesetzt werden.
Beispiel 1
Zusatzmittel für Dieselkraftstoff: 6 bis 12 Vol. % des Kondensationsproduktes aus 1 Mol Triäthanolamin und 2 Mol technischer Ölsäure 6 bis 12 Vol. % eines Cyclopentanol- oder Cyclohexanolesters der Ameisensäure, Essigsäure oder Propionsäure 88 bis 76 Vol. % Spindelölraffinat (1,5O E bei 500C)
Bei Zugabe von ca. 2 Vol. % dieses Zusatzmittels zu üblichem Dieselkraftstoff beträgt der Anteil der wirksamen Komponenten im Dieselkraftstoff: ca. 0,12 bis 0,24 Vol. % Kondensationsprodukt ca. 0,12 bis 0,24 Vol.% Ester ca. 1,52 bis 1,76 Vol. % Spindelölraffinat
Beispiel 2
Zusatzmittel für Benzin:
5 bis 15 Vol. % des Kondensationsproduktes aus 1 Mol Diäthanolamin und 1 Mol Olein 10 bis 35 Vol. % eines Cyclopentanol- oder Cyclohexanolesters der Ameisensäure, Essigsäure oder Propionsäure 10 bis 20 Vol. % Spindelölraffinat (2,50 E bei 200C und 1,60 E bei 500C) 75 bis 30 Vol. % eines Gemisches synthetischer Alkylbenzole (Siedebereich 140 bis 2400C)
Dieses Zusatzmittel kann in Mengen von ca. 0,2 bis 2% zu üblichem Benzin zugesetzt werden, so dass die Konzentration der wirksamen Komponenten in Benzin folgende Werte hat:
ca. 0,01 bis 0,30 Vol. % Kondensationsprodukt ca. 0,02 bis 0,70 Vol. % Ester ca. 0,02 bis 0,40 Vol. % Spindelölraffinat ca. 0,06 bis 1,5 Vol. % Alkylbenzolgemisch
Dieses Zusatzmittel eignet sich für Treibstoffe für Zweitaktund Viertakt-Vergasermotoren.
Beispiel 3
Zusatzmittel für Benzin (Zweitaktmotorenöl): A) 10 bis 15 Vol. % des Kondensationsproduktes aus 1 Mol Triäthanolamin und 2 Mol technischer Ölsäure 10 bis 35 Vol. % eines Cyclopentanol- oder Cyclohexanolesters der Ameisensäure, Essigsäure oder Propionsäure 80 bis 50 Vol. % Leichtölraffinat B) 10 bis 20 Vol. % der unter A) genannten Komponenten werden mit 90 bis 80 Vol. % Motorenöl SAE 40 (55 bis 70O E bei 20"C und 10 bis 12" E bei 50"C) gemischt, um ein Zweitaktmotorenöl herzustellen.
Wenn man 2 bis 5 Vol. % dieses Zweitaktmotorenöls zu handelsüblichem Benzin zusetzt, so ergeben sich ähnliche Konzentrationen der wirksamen Komponenten, bezogen auf das Benzin-Öl-Gemisch, wie in Beispiel 2.
In allen diesen Beispielen können anstelle der Polyäthanolamin-Kondensationsprodukte auch entsprechende Glycerinmonoester oder Glycerindiester verwendet werden. Als Komponente b) wird Cyclohexanolacetat bevorzugt.
Es hat sich gezeigt, dass sich bei Verwendung von Treibstoffen, die die Komponenten a), b) und c) in den oben angegebenen Mengen enthalten, folgende Vorteile ergeben: - Intensivierung und Verbesserung der Verbrennung von Dieselöl - Verringerung und Abbau der Rückstände (Russ etc.) im Verbrennungsraum, an den Einspritzdüsen und in den Auslasswegen - Verminderung der Schadstoffe (Russ, unverbrannte Kohlenwasserstoffe etc.) in den Abgasen - Geringerer Verschleiss an den Einspritzaggregaten, Kolbenringen und Zylinderlaufbüchsen - Schutz der treibstoffberührten Teile vor Korrosion und Konservierungsmittel (Schutz vor Stillstandkorrosion) für den Verbrennungsraum - Verbesserung der Alterungsstabilität von Dieselkraftstoff.
When operating fuel oil burners and internal combustion engines, there are disadvantages in some operating states due to incomplete combustion such as:
Corrosion and wear from acidic combustion products;
Residues in the combustion chamber and in the exhaust ducts;
Pollutants such as CO and unburned hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases.
These inevitable phenomena are particularly serious in engines that are driven undercooled, as is the case in short-haul operation.
In addition to the disadvantages mentioned, such as those caused by incomplete combustion, there is also contamination in the intake system from outside and through the crankcase ventilation in carburettor engines. These impurities can seriously jeopardize proper mixture formation, which has the effect of favoring the disadvantages mentioned. Above all, the content of toxic CO in the exhaust gases can rise above the permissible value.
Attempts are made to eliminate the above disadvantages by adding various additives to fuels. Such an additive is supposed to keep the intake system from continuously removing impurities such as gum, resins, lubricants, dirt, etc.
clean and thus ensure perfect mixture formation. It should also loosen the combustion residues in the combustion chamber and in the exhaust ducts and protect the materials from corrosion.
Numerous combinations of anti-corrosive and cleaning substances have already been proposed as additives. These are mainly combinations of corrosion inhibitors or selected detergents with solvents such as turpentine oils, camphor oils, alcohols, ketones, esters and halogenated hydrocarbons.
Recently, an additive consisting of polyalcohol fatty acid esters or free fatty acids with at least 12 carbon atoms, aliphatic fatty acid esters and calcium phenyl stearate has been recommended as being particularly effective. It has also been proposed to use esters of phenol and its homologues or fatty acid esters with a hydroxyl or alkoxy group in the fatty acid part or in the alcohol part or in both and mixtures of these esters in these additives instead of aliphatic fatty acid esters.
The invention now relates to the use of an ester of a saturated cycloaliphatic alcohol with 5 to 7 ring atoms and a lower fatty acid as a solvent component of additives for fuels.
The preferred solvent component is cyclohexanol acetate. The cycloaliphatic radicals can also be substituted by methyl or ethyl groups and the like. Formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid are particularly suitable as acid components of these esters.
Particularly advantageous are additives which a) a condensation product of 1 mole of glycerol or 1 mole of a polyethanolamine and at least 1 and a maximum of 2 moles of a fatty acid with at least 10 carbon atoms or an equivalent amount of a mixture of such fatty acids, b) an ester defined above as a solvent component and c) one or more mineral oil refinates with a viscosity of at least 1.60 E / 200C and a maximum of 150 E / 50oC.
Components a) and b) are generally used in amounts of up to 50% and component c) usually in amounts of 10 to 15%, in the case of additives for diesel fuels also in amounts of up to 80%.
To prepare component a), in a manner known per se, for. B. 1 mole of triethanolamine with 1 mole of a fatty acid having at least 10 carbon atoms, for example oleic acid, for 1 to 3 hours at temperatures above 1300C. In order to obtain light-colored condensation products, it is advantageous to carry out the reaction in containers made of glass, porcelain or corrosion-resistant steels; it can also be useful to carry out the reaction in vacuo with the addition of metal deactivators, such as. B. a Schiff base of salicylaldehyde to make. After the water has been completely distilled off and cooled, a pale yellow to slightly brownish colored, liquid condensation product is obtained when using oleic acid, which mainly consists of the mono oleic acid ester of triethanolamine.
If 2 moles of this acid are used instead of 1 mole of oleic acid, the triethanolamine dioleic acid ester is predominantly formed. The two condensation products mentioned are easily soluble in most solvents and in the mineral oil raffinates to be used.
Instead of the condensation product of triethanolamine and a fatty acid with at least 10 carbon atoms, a product obtained by analogous condensation of 1 mole of diethanolamine with 1 mole of a fatty acid with at least 10 carbon atoms or a mixture of such fatty acids can be used. If technical oleic acid is used as the fatty acid, the reaction product obtained is predominantly the monooleic acid ester of diethanolamine.
Instead of a condensation product of a polyethanolamine, a corresponding condensation product of glycerol, e.g. B. glycerol monooleate, glycerol dioleate or glycerol monostearate, use.
Appropriate additives contain the components z. B. in the following amounts: 1) 10.0% by volume of component a
30.0% by volume component b
60.0% by volume component c
This product can be added to standard motor fuel in an amount of 0.25% by volume. This corresponds to the following concentrations in the motor fuel:
0.025 vol.% Component a
0.075% by volume component b
0.150 vol.% Component c 2) 20 vol.% Component a
28 vol.% Component b
52 vol.% Component c
If you add this product in an amount of 1 vol.% To common motor fuel, the following concentrations result in the motor fuel:
:
0.20 vol.% Component a
0.28% by volume component b
0.52% by volume component c
The engine tests have shown that even very small amounts of the individual components of the additive have an optimal effect on a common fuel. As a rule, 0.005 to 1% by volume, preferably 0.02 to 0.5% by volume, based on the motor fuel, are sufficient.
The respective amount of the individual components contained in the additive will largely depend on the desired concentration of the individual components in the fuel or propellant and on the amount of the additive that is to be added to the fuel or propellant.
In addition to refined mineral oil, the additives can also contain synthetic aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as kogasin, or synthetic or natural aromatic hydrocarbons, such as alkylbenzenes. Further substances, such as corrosion inhibitors, ignition accelerators, octane improvers, antioxidants, high-pressure additives, combustion catalysts and the like, which are usually added to the fuels, can also be added to the additive.
The following examples illustrate some additives that have been found to be particularly effective. The individual components can, however, also be added directly to the fuels and fuels in the amounts indicated.
example 1
Additive for diesel fuel: 6 to 12% by volume of the condensation product from 1 mole of triethanolamine and 2 moles of technical oleic acid 6 to 12% by volume of a cyclopentanol or cyclohexanol ester of formic acid, acetic acid or propionic acid 88 to 76% by volume of spindle oil raffinate (1.5% by volume) at 500C)
When adding approx. 2% by volume of this additive to conventional diesel fuel, the proportion of the active components in the diesel fuel is: approx. 0.12 to 0.24% by volume of condensation product approx. 0.12 to 0.24% by volume of ester approx 1.52 to 1.76% by volume of spindle oil raffinate
Example 2
Additive for gasoline:
5 to 15% by volume of the condensation product from 1 mole of diethanolamine and 1 mole of olein 10 to 35% by volume of a cyclopentanol or cyclohexanol ester of formic acid, acetic acid or propionic acid 10 to 20% by volume of spindle oil raffinate (2.50 U at 200C and 1, 60 E at 500C) 75 to 30 vol.% Of a mixture of synthetic alkylbenzenes (boiling range 140 to 2400C)
This additive can be added in amounts of approx. 0.2 to 2% to normal gasoline, so that the concentration of the active components in gasoline has the following values:
approx. 0.01 to 0.30 vol.% condensation product approx. 0.02 to 0.70 vol.% ester approx. 0.02 to 0.40 vol.% spindle oil raffinate approx. 0.06 to 1.5 vol. % Alkylbenzene mixture
This additive is suitable for fuels for two-stroke and four-stroke carburettor engines.
Example 3
Additive for gasoline (two-stroke engine oil): A) 10 to 15% by volume of the condensation product of 1 mole of triethanolamine and 2 moles of technical oleic acid 10 to 35% by volume of a cyclopentanol or cyclohexanol ester of formic acid, acetic acid or propionic acid 80 to 50% by volume of light oil raffinate B) 10 to 20 vol.% Of the components mentioned under A) are mixed with 90 to 80 vol.% Engine oil SAE 40 (55 to 70O E at 20 "C and 10 to 12" E at 50 "C) to create a two-stroke engine oil to manufacture.
If 2 to 5% by volume of this two-stroke engine oil is added to commercially available gasoline, the concentrations of the active components are similar, based on the gasoline-oil mixture, as in Example 2.
In all of these examples, corresponding glycerol monoesters or glycerol diesters can also be used instead of the polyethanolamine condensation products. Cyclohexanol acetate is preferred as component b).
It has been shown that the use of fuels which contain components a), b) and c) in the quantities specified above has the following advantages: - Intensification and improvement of the combustion of diesel oil - Reduction and reduction of residues (soot etc.) in the combustion chamber, on the injection nozzles and in the outlet paths - Reduction of pollutants (soot, unburned hydrocarbons etc.) in the exhaust gases - Less wear and tear on the injection units, piston rings and cylinder liners - Protection of the parts in contact with the fuel against corrosion and preservatives (protection against Standstill corrosion) for the combustion chamber - improving the aging stability of diesel fuel.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (18)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH708174A CH593328A5 (en) | 1974-05-22 | 1974-05-22 | Detergent additives for motor and heating fuels - contg. cycloaliphatic alcohol esters of lower fatty acids as solvent |
NO751752A NO751752L (en) | 1974-05-22 | 1975-05-16 | |
AT385475A AT361596B (en) | 1974-05-22 | 1975-05-21 | FUELS AND FUELS AND ADDITIVES FOR THESE |
BR4068/75A BR7503180A (en) | 1974-05-22 | 1975-05-21 | ADDITIVE FOR FUELS AND FUELS |
DE19752559480 DE2559480A1 (en) | 1974-05-22 | 1975-05-21 | FUELS AND FUEL |
SE7505790A SE409468B (en) | 1974-05-22 | 1975-05-21 | FUEL ADDITIVES AND FUELS CONTAINING AN ESTER OF A CYCLOALIFATIC ALCOHOL AND A LOWER FATTY ACID |
FI751482A FI751482A (en) | 1974-05-22 | 1975-05-21 | |
BE156547A BE829305A (en) | 1974-05-22 | 1975-05-21 | ADDITIVE FOR FUEL AND FUEL |
GB21755/75A GB1505302A (en) | 1974-05-22 | 1975-05-21 | Petrol or diesel fuel additive |
DK223675A DK223675A (en) | 1974-05-22 | 1975-05-21 | ADDITIVES FOR FIRE AND FUELS |
DE2522014A DE2522014C2 (en) | 1974-05-22 | 1975-05-21 | Additive for diesel fuels |
IT68311/75A IT1032943B (en) | 1974-05-22 | 1975-05-21 | ADDITIVE FOR FUELS AND FUELS |
LU72543A LU72543A1 (en) | 1974-05-22 | 1975-05-21 | |
FR7515753A FR2272162B1 (en) | 1974-05-22 | 1975-05-21 | |
ES437855A ES437855A1 (en) | 1974-05-22 | 1975-05-22 | Petrol or diesel fuel additive |
NL7506014A NL7506014A (en) | 1974-05-22 | 1975-05-22 | ADDITIONAL FOR FUELS AND PROPELLERS. |
JP50061453A JPS50161504A (en) | 1974-05-22 | 1975-05-22 | |
SE7712603A SE7712603L (en) | 1974-05-22 | 1977-11-08 | ADDITIVES FOR FUEL AND FUEL |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH708174A CH593328A5 (en) | 1974-05-22 | 1974-05-22 | Detergent additives for motor and heating fuels - contg. cycloaliphatic alcohol esters of lower fatty acids as solvent |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CH593328A5 true CH593328A5 (en) | 1977-11-30 |
Family
ID=4319637
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH708174A CH593328A5 (en) | 1974-05-22 | 1974-05-22 | Detergent additives for motor and heating fuels - contg. cycloaliphatic alcohol esters of lower fatty acids as solvent |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE829305A (en) |
CH (1) | CH593328A5 (en) |
DK (1) | DK223675A (en) |
-
1974
- 1974-05-22 CH CH708174A patent/CH593328A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1975
- 1975-05-21 DK DK223675A patent/DK223675A/en unknown
- 1975-05-21 BE BE156547A patent/BE829305A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK223675A (en) | 1975-11-23 |
BE829305A (en) | 1975-11-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE3149170C2 (en) | ||
EP0078249B1 (en) | Additive with a combustion promoting and soot inhibiting activity for furnace oils, diesel fuels and other liquid combustion and fuel substances, as well as the aforesaid liquid combustion and fuel substances | |
EP0464489B1 (en) | Ester containing fuels, for spark ignition- and diesel engines | |
EP0012345A1 (en) | Fuel oils and their application | |
DE1271287B (en) | The water repellency, rust prevention and prevention of ice build-up effecting additive in fuels, hydrophobic carriers and coating agents | |
DE2559480A1 (en) | FUELS AND FUEL | |
DE1235062B (en) | Stabilizing distillate fuels | |
CH593328A5 (en) | Detergent additives for motor and heating fuels - contg. cycloaliphatic alcohol esters of lower fatty acids as solvent | |
CH599464A5 (en) | Fuel additives contg. ferrocene as combustion catalyst | |
DE2621207C3 (en) | Malonic acid esters, process for their preparation and lubricants, liquid fuels and additives containing them | |
DE2511249A1 (en) | FUEL ADDITIVES FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES THAT CONTAIN AT LEAST ONE PRIMARY OR SECONDARY, UNIQUE ALCOHOL AND / OR KETO ALCOHOL AS A CARRIER COMPONENT | |
DE1225438B (en) | Fuels for carburetor and diesel engines | |
DE2102559A1 (en) | New imide compounds, processes for their production and their use as fuel additives | |
DE2531469C3 (en) | Use of w -N.N.N'.N'tetrasubstituted aminoalkanoic acid amides, w -N, N, N ', N'tetrasubstituted aminobutyric acid amides and processes for their preparation | |
DE1121404B (en) | Motor gasoline | |
DE964279C (en) | Additive for motor fuels | |
CH593327A5 (en) | Detergent additives for motor and heating fuels - contg. cycloaliphatic alcohol esters of lower fatty acids as solvent | |
DE1008958B (en) | Fuels for internal combustion engines | |
DE2456574C3 (en) | Motor gasoline | |
AT202250B (en) | Fuels for internal combustion engines | |
DE2759055A1 (en) | Hydrocarbon fuels esp. diesel fuel with improved combustion - contg. iron salt of aromatic nitro acid and nitro-aliphatic cpd. | |
DE2417788A1 (en) | Detergent additives for petrol - consisting of poly-carboxylic acid ester amide-imides | |
DE1253507B (en) | Fuel additive | |
DE3709195A1 (en) | Storage-stable emulsifiers | |
DE2645235A1 (en) | Detergent additive for petrol - comprising ester(s) of nitrilo-tri:acetic or ethylene di:amine tetra:acetic acids |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PL | Patent ceased | ||
PL | Patent ceased |