CH524122A - Multiple countercurrent exchanger - Google Patents
Multiple countercurrent exchangerInfo
- Publication number
- CH524122A CH524122A CH749470A CH749470A CH524122A CH 524122 A CH524122 A CH 524122A CH 749470 A CH749470 A CH 749470A CH 749470 A CH749470 A CH 749470A CH 524122 A CH524122 A CH 524122A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- capillaries
- bundle
- walls
- tubes
- transverse walls
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SMEGJBVQLJJKKX-HOTMZDKISA-N [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetyloxy-3,4,6-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O)OC(=O)C)O)O SMEGJBVQLJJKKX-HOTMZDKISA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940081735 acetylcellulose Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035929 gnawing Effects 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012460 protein solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
- F28F21/067—Details
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
- B01D61/46—Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/021—Manufacturing thereof
- B01D63/022—Encapsulating hollow fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/021—Manufacturing thereof
- B01D63/0233—Manufacturing thereof forming the bundle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/031—Two or more types of hollow fibres within one bundle or within one potting or tube-sheet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C31/00—Handling, e.g. feeding of the material to be shaped, storage of plastics material before moulding; Automation, i.e. automated handling lines in plastics processing plants, e.g. using manipulators or robots
- B29C31/008—Handling preformed parts, e.g. inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/44—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles
- B29C33/52—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles soluble or fusible
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
- B29C39/02—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C39/10—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. casting around inserts or for coating articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/24—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of indefinite length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
- B29C70/84—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks by moulding material on preformed parts to be joined
- B29C70/845—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks by moulding material on preformed parts to be joined by moulding material on a relative small portion of the preformed parts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/043—Details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
- F28D7/103—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of more than two coaxial conduits or modules of more than two coaxial conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
- F28F21/062—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material the heat-exchange apparatus employing tubular conduits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/20—By influencing the flow
- B01D2321/2008—By influencing the flow statically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/14—Filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/18—Heat-exchangers or parts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/60—Multitubular or multicompartmented articles, e.g. honeycomb
- B29L2031/601—Multi-tubular articles, i.e. composed of a plurality of tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0054—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for nuclear applications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2260/00—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures
- F28F2260/02—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures having microchannels
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
A multiple countercurrent exchanger comprises a casing, a bundle of tubes in the casting, two end walls in one of which walls the one end of the bundle of tubes is fastened, while the other end of the bundle is fastened in the other wall, the tubes of the bundle having orifices on the outward sides of the end walls; a chamber containing the bundle therein extending between the two end walls; an arrangement for charging the tube openings on one end of the bundle with a first fluid and for removing the latter from the tube openings at the other end of the bundle, as well as inlet means and outlet means for the passage of a second fluid through the chamber; and inset consisting of a plurality of walls forming between them a plurality of individual tubular channels being open at both ends, the inset being fastened in such a manner in the chamber that through the interior of each of the individual tubular channels there passes at least one of the tubes, while in the zones of the interior of the chamber adjacent to the end walls there are free spaces, into which the orifices provided at both ends of the individual tubular channels open, the inlet means being connected with one of the free spaces and the outlet means being connected with the other free space in the interior of the chamber.
Description
Kapillaren-Stoffaustauscher Die Erfindung betrifft einen nach dem im belgischen Patent No. 734 206 beschriebenen Verfahren herstellbaren Kapilla- ren-Stoffaustauscher umfassend: a) ein Gehäuse mit Seitenwänden und Endwänden sowie zwei im Abstand von den Endwänden sich im Gehäuseinneren erstreckenden Querwänden, b) ein Bündel aus sich parallel zueinander erstreckenden Kapillaren, dessen eines Ende in der einen und dessen anderes Ende in der zweiten Querwand befestigt ist und wobei die Kapillaren des Bündels auf der Aussenseite jeder der beiden Querwände Öffnungen besitzen, c)
eine Einrichtung zum Beschicken der Kapillaren am einen Ende des Bündels mit einem ersten Medium und zur Ent nahme des letzteren aus den Kapillaren am anderen Bündel ende, d) ein Einsatz bestehend aus mehreren, eine Mehrzahl von beidseitig offenen Mantelrohren bildenden Wandungen, der im Gehäuseinneren zwischen den beiden Querwänden befestigt ist, wobei je eine der Kapillaren durch das Innere eines ent sprechenden Mantelrohrs hindurchnagt und im Gehäuseinne ren in den an den Querwänden nach innen angrenzenden Bereichen Vorkammern verbleiben, in welche die Mantelrohre einmünden, und e) ein Einlassorgan und ein Auslassorgan für das Durchlei ten eines zweiten Mediums durch die Mantelrohre, wobei das Einlassorgan an der einen und das Auslassorgan an der ande ren der beiden Vorkammern angeschlossen ist,
welcher Kapil- laren-Stoffaustauscher dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass eine jede der Kapillaren an jedem ihrer Endbereiche, in denen sie in eine der Querwände eingebettet ist, mit einem Hilfsbelag versehen ist, während der gesamte Bereich der Kapillaren zwischen den Endbereichen freibleibt, und dass jede der bei den Querwände aus einer zwischengegossenen und ausgehärte ten Giesschicht besteht, die die Ränder der Hilfsbeläge mitein ander verbindet, ohne die Kapillaren selber zu berühren.
Im erfindungsgemässen Kapillaren-Stoffaustauscher erstrek- ken sich die beiden Querwände vorzugsweise in zwei miteinan der nicht parallelen ebenen oder gekrümmten Flächen, wodurch die Längen der Kapillaren des Bündels voneinander örtlich variieren. Der Durchströmquerschnitt eines jeden der Mantelrohre des Einsatzes ist vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem seiner bei den Enden zu verringert, insbesondere in der Nähe desjenigen Einsatzendes, welches der mit dem Einlassorgan verbundenen Vorkammer zugewandt ist, wobei der Querschnitt so verengt ist, dass das in diese Vorkammer eingeleitete zweite Medium auf alle Mantelrohre des Einsatzes annähernd gleichmässig verteilt wird.
Der Einsatz kann aus einem Block mit als Einzelkanäle ausgebildeten, zueinander im wesentlichen parallel verlaufen den Durchlässen bestehen.
Die Hilfsbeläge der Kapillaren erstrecken sich vorzugsweise durch die an dem betreffenden Kapillarenende angreifende Querwand und vorteilhafterweise bis in das Innere der die Kapillaren umgebenden Mantelrohre des Einsatzes.
Dies ist bevorzugt auf der Einlasseite für das zweite Medium der Fall, wobei die Hilfsbeläge bis dort in das Innere der die Kapillaren umgebenden Mantelrohre hineinreichen; dabei ist mit Vorteil der Durchstrom-Querschnitt eines jeden Mantel rohres nach der genannten Einlasseite zu verringert, so dass das in die auf der Einlasseite gelegene Vorkammer eingeleitete zweite Medium auf alle Mantelrohre gleichmässig verteilt wird.
Die Mantelrohre sind dabei vorzugsweise mit weiteren Einschnürungen versehen, durch welche unter anderem in dem durch sie strömenden zweiten Medium Turbulenz erzeugt wird. Auch können die Kapillaren in ihrem Bereich Einschnürungen aufweisen, durch welche in dem durch sie fliessenden ersten Medium Turbulenz erzeugt wird.
Anhand der Zeichnung wird die Erfindung an Ausführungs beispielen näher erläutert. Die Zeichnung weist der besseren Verständlichkeit wegen masstäbliche Verzerrungen auf; sie enthält auch wesentlich weniger Elemente als in der Praxis. So kann die Anzahl der Kapillaren in jeder Lage mehrere Tau send betragen, die Anzahl der Kapillaren pro Austauschbündel mehrere Hunderttausend.
In der Zeichnung zeigt: Fig. 1 in schematischer Darstellung und im Längsschnitt eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Kapilla- ren-Stoff austauschers; Fig. 2 eine besondere Ausbildung des Einsatzes von Mantel- rohren für einen solchen Austauscher, in grösserem Masstab, Fig. 3, 4 und 5 weitere abgewandelte Ausführungsformen eines solchen Austauschers.
Fig. 1 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch einen Kapillaren- Stoffaustauscher gemäss der Erfindung, welcher ein Gehäuse 221 und sechs darin befestigte Lagen 210a bis 210f von Kapil laren 201 umfasst, die von Lage zu Lage von innen nach aus sen abnehmende Länge haben. Jede Lage liegt senkrecht zur Zeichenebene und weist eine Schar von Kapillaren 201 auf, welche an ihren Enden 201a und 201b in gegebenenfalls zu Lamellen verschmolzenen bzw. vereinigten Hilfsbelägen 234 dicht eingebettet sind.
Diese Hilfsbeläge 234 erstrecken sich in Form von dünnen Überzügen 220, über kurze Zonen jeder Kapillare, welche den eingebetteten Enden derselben benach bart sind; sie werden z. B. durch nachträgliches Lackieren auf die Kapillaren 201 aufgebracht und sind vorzugsweise aus Substanzen oder Substanzmischungen ausgewählt, welche die Aussenwandungen der Kapillaren 201 anläsen.
Dem jeweiligen Kapillarenende zu besitzt jeder Hilfsbelag 234 eine Verdickung. Zwischen die verdickten Enden der Hilfsbeläge 234 am einen Ende der Kapillaren ist eine sich bis zur Seitenwandung des Gehäuses 221 erstreckende erste, ebene Giesschicht 218 zwischengegossen, welche zusammen mit den verdickten Enden der Hilfsbeläge 234 eine erste, ebene Querwand 239 im Gehäuse 221 bildet. Am anderen Ende der Kapillaren ist zwischen die verdickten Enden der Hilfsbeläge 234 eine weitere sich bis zur Seitenwandung des Gehäuses 221 erstreckende Giesschicht 218a zwischengegos sen, die zusammen mit den in ihr eingebetteten verdickten Enden der Hilfsbeläge 234 eine konvexe Querwand 240 im Gehäuse 221 bildet. Die Kapillaren 201 besitzen auf der Aus senseite jeder der beiden Querwände Öffnungen.
Zwischen den äusseren Querwänden 239 und 240 ist im Innern des Gehäuses 221 ein Einsatz 236 untergebracht, der aus einer Mehrzahl von Mantelrohren 206 besteht und seiner seits durch Verschmelzung der Ränder an beiden Enden der Mantelrohre zwei innere Querwände bildet, deren eine, 237, in Fig. 1 eben und deren andere, 238, konvex ausgebildet ist.
Die Krümmung der die Kapillaren eingebettet enthaltenden Querwand 240 ist dabei vorzugsweise geringer als diejenige der ihr benachbarten, durch Verschmelzen der Enden der Mantelrohre gebildeten inneren Querwand 238.
Die hierdurch zwischen der inneren Querwand 238 und der äusseren Querwand 240 sich erstreckende Vorkammer 242 besitzt in ihrem mittleren Bereich eine geringere Höhe als in ihren Randzonen. Bei Speisung der Vorkammer 242 mit Flüs sigkeit F2 durch die Einlässe 243, 244 bildet sich so im Kam merinnern eine Ringströmung aus, welche zu einer gleichmäs sigen Verteilung der Flüssigkeit in die Mantelrohre 206 wesentlich beiträgt.
Die zwischen der oberen inneren Querwand 237 und der oberen äusseren Querwand 239 gebildete Vorkammer 245 ist mit Auslässen 246 für die aus den Mantelrohren 206 nach oben austretende Flüssigkeit F2 versehen, von denen in Fig. 1 zwei gezeigt sind.
Oberhalb der Querwand 239 befindet sich im Gehäuse 221 eine Einlasskammer 247 mit zentraler Einlassöffnung 248 für die durch die Kapillaren 201 zu leitende Flüssigkeit F1.
Die Mantelrohre 206 sind in der Nähe ihrer offenen Enden bei 206a und 206b mit Einschnürungen versehen, welche zur gleichmässigen Verteilung der Flüssigkeit F2 beitragen und durch Stauung eine Verlangsamung der Durchströmungsge schwindigkeit der Flüssigkeit F2 durch die Mantelrohre 206 bewirken.
Die am unteren offenen Ende jeder Kapillare 201 aus der Querwand 240 austretende Flüssigkeit F1 wird in einem den Austauscherboden bildenden Bassin 249 aufgefangen und kann aus demselben durch einen vorzugsweise mit Ablasshahn versehenen Ausflusstutzen 250 abgelassen werden.
In der Fig. 2 sind die Mantelrohre 314 nicht nur im Bereich ihrer offenen Enden, sondern auch noch in mehreren Zwi schenbereichen mit Einschnürungen 314a bis 314e versehen. Neben einer weiteren Verlangsamung der Durchströmungsge schwindigkeit der Flüssigkeit F2 durch die Mantelrohre 206 dienen diese Einschnürungen vor allem der Zentrierung der Kapillaren 301.
In den Fig. 3 und 4 sind weitere Ausführungsbeispiele eines Kapillaren-Stoffaustauschers gezeigt, wobei in Fig. 3 die Kapil laren 401 von der Seitenwand 402 zur gegenüberliegenden Seitenwand 403 hin von Lage zu Lage an Länge abnehmen, und wobei die Querwände 439 und 440 gegen die Seitenwand 403 hin konvergieren, während in Fig. 4 die Querwände 539 und 540 ebenfalls einen Winkel miteinander bilden, aber die Kapillaren 501 im Gegensatz zu der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 3 nicht geradlinig sondern gekrümmt sind.
Schliesslich zeigt Fig. 5 in perspektivischer Ansicht rein schematisch den Zusammenbau mehrerer Lagen von Kapilla ren 601 zu einem Bündel, in welchem einerseits jede einzelne Lage aus Kapillaren von aussen nach innen zunehmender Länge besteht, und andererseits die Kapillaren von Lage zu Lage von der Endseite 602 bzw. 603 nach der Paketmitte zu an Länge zunehmen.
Die Wandungen der Kapillaren des erfindungsgemäss herge stellten Austauschers können ein- oder mehrschichtig ausgebil det sein. Diese Schichten können anorganischer, organischer oder metallischer Natur sein. Organische Schichten bestehen beispielsweise aus Hydratzellulose. Sie können z. B. mittels des im Schweizer Patent Nr. 480 080 beschriebenen Verfahrens erzeugt werden.
Die Durchmesser der Kapillaren liegen vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0,1 bis 5 mm, und der Abstand benachbarter Kapillaren in einer und derselben Lage liegt in einer ähnlichen Grössenordnung.
Der Werkstoff der ausgehärteten Giesschicht besteht aus durch thermische, trocknende und/oder chemische Prozesse ausgehärteten oder vernetzten Substanzen, die vor der Einwir kung dieser Prozesse giessfähig oder auch pastenförmig waren, also z. B. Azetylzellulose, Epoxyharze, Polyesterharze, Poly- methacrylate, Ein- und Mehrkomponenten-Silikongummi, Metall/Kunststoffpasten usw.
Der Austauscher nach der Erfindung dient z. B. als Dialysa tor (z. B. zur Stofftrennung, wie Abtrennung niedermolekula rer Anteile aus Eiweisslösungen oder Blutdialyse), zur Wasser gewinnung nach den Prinzipien der umgekehrten Osmose, zur Kälteerzeugung oder zur Sterilisation, z. B. für Substanzen wie Milch, die durch die Kapillaren geleitet werden und dort in genauer Dosierung kurzzeitig erhitzt und gegebenenfalls abge kühlt werden können, indem man den Mantelrohren entspre chende Heiz- bzw. Kühlmittel zuführt.
Weiterhin ist es möglich, einen solchen Austauscher für Destillationsprozesse, z. B. für das Vakuum-Multiflash-Ver- fahren zur Meerwasserentsalzung einzusetzen, wobei das See wasser durch die Kapillaren geleitet und die Kondensation des Wasserdampfes unter Vakuum in den Mantelrohren erfolgt.
Capillary material exchanger The invention relates to a device according to the method described in Belgian patent no. 734 206 described method manufacturable capillary mass exchanger comprising: a) a housing with side walls and end walls as well as two at a distance from the end walls in the housing interior extending transverse walls, b) a bundle of parallel extending capillaries, one end in the one and the other end of which is fastened in the second transverse wall and wherein the capillaries of the bundle have openings on the outside of each of the two transverse walls, c)
a device for charging the capillaries at one end of the bundle with a first medium and for removing the latter from the capillaries at the other end of the bundle, d) an insert consisting of several walls forming a plurality of casing tubes open on both sides, the inside of the housing between is attached to the two transverse walls, with one of the capillaries gnawing through the interior of a corresponding casing tube and in the housing interior ren remaining in the areas adjoining the transverse walls inwardly, into which the casing tubes open, and e) an inlet organ and an outlet organ for the passage of a second medium through the jacket pipes, the inlet element being connected to one of the two antechambers and the outlet element to the other,
which capillary mass exchanger is characterized in that each of the capillaries is provided with an auxiliary coating at each of its end regions in which it is embedded in one of the transverse walls, while the entire region of the capillaries between the end regions remains free, and that each which consists of an inter-cast and hardened casting layer on the transverse walls that connects the edges of the auxiliary coverings with each other without touching the capillaries themselves.
In the capillary mass exchanger according to the invention, the two transverse walls preferably extend in two planar or curved surfaces that are not parallel to one another, whereby the lengths of the capillaries of the bundle vary locally from one another. The flow cross-section of each of the casing tubes of the insert is preferably reduced according to at least one of its ends, in particular in the vicinity of that insert end which faces the antechamber connected to the inlet member, the cross-section being narrowed so that that introduced into this antechamber second medium is distributed approximately evenly over all casing pipes of the insert.
The insert can consist of a block with the passages formed as individual channels and running essentially parallel to one another.
The auxiliary coatings of the capillaries preferably extend through the transverse wall engaging the respective capillary end and advantageously into the interior of the casing tubes of the insert surrounding the capillaries.
This is preferably the case on the inlet side for the second medium, the auxiliary coatings extending into the interior of the casing tubes surrounding the capillaries there; The flow cross-section of each jacket pipe is advantageously reduced after the inlet side mentioned, so that the second medium introduced into the antechamber located on the inlet side is evenly distributed over all jacket pipes.
The casing pipes are preferably provided with further constrictions through which, among other things, turbulence is generated in the second medium flowing through them. The capillaries can also have constrictions in their area, through which turbulence is generated in the first medium flowing through them.
With reference to the drawing, the invention will be explained in more detail using execution examples. The drawing shows true-to-scale distortions for better understanding; it also contains far fewer elements than in practice. The number of capillaries in each layer can be several thousand send, the number of capillaries per exchange bundle several hundred thousand.
The drawing shows: FIG. 1 in a schematic representation and in longitudinal section a preferred embodiment of the capillary substance exchanger according to the invention; 2 shows a special embodiment of the use of casing tubes for such an exchanger, on a larger scale; FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 show further modified embodiments of such an exchanger.
Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a capillary mass exchanger according to the invention, which comprises a housing 221 and six layers 210a to 210f of capillaries 201 fastened therein, the length of which is decreasing from the inside to the outside. Each layer lies perpendicular to the plane of the drawing and has a group of capillaries 201, which are tightly embedded at their ends 201a and 201b in auxiliary coverings 234 which are optionally fused or combined to form lamellae.
These auxiliary coatings 234 extend in the form of thin coatings 220, over short zones of each capillary, which are the embedded ends of the same neigh disclosed; they are z. B. applied by subsequent painting on the capillaries 201 and are preferably selected from substances or mixtures of substances, which the outer walls of the capillaries 201 are annealed.
Each auxiliary coating 234 has a thickening towards the respective end of the capillary. Between the thickened ends of the auxiliary coverings 234 at one end of the capillaries, a first, flat pouring layer 218 extending to the side wall of the housing 221 is cast, which together with the thickened ends of the auxiliary coverings 234 forms a first, flat transverse wall 239 in the housing 221. At the other end of the capillaries, between the thickened ends of the auxiliary linings 234, another pouring layer 218a extending to the side wall of the housing 221 is interposed, which together with the thickened ends of the auxiliary linings 234 embedded in it forms a convex transverse wall 240 in the housing 221. The capillaries 201 have openings on the senseite of each of the two transverse walls.
Between the outer transverse walls 239 and 240, an insert 236 is accommodated in the interior of the housing 221, which consists of a plurality of casing tubes 206 and on the other hand, by fusing the edges at both ends of the casing tubes, forms two inner transverse walls, one of which, 237, is shown in 1 is flat and the other 238 is convex.
The curvature of the transverse wall 240 containing the capillaries in an embedded manner is preferably less than that of the inner transverse wall 238 adjacent to it, formed by fusing the ends of the casing tubes.
The prechamber 242, which thereby extends between the inner transverse wall 238 and the outer transverse wall 240, has a lower height in its central area than in its edge zones. When the antechamber 242 is fed with liquid F2 through the inlets 243, 244, an annular flow is formed in the interior of the chamber, which contributes significantly to a uniform distribution of the liquid in the casing pipes 206.
The antechamber 245 formed between the upper inner transverse wall 237 and the upper outer transverse wall 239 is provided with outlets 246 for the liquid F2 exiting upward from the casing tubes 206, two of which are shown in FIG.
Above the transverse wall 239 in the housing 221 there is an inlet chamber 247 with a central inlet opening 248 for the liquid F1 to be conducted through the capillaries 201.
The casing pipes 206 are provided with constrictions in the vicinity of their open ends at 206a and 206b, which contribute to the even distribution of the liquid F2 and cause a slowdown in the flow rate of the liquid F2 through the casing pipes 206 by damming.
The liquid F1 exiting at the lower open end of each capillary 201 from the transverse wall 240 is collected in a basin 249 forming the exchanger bottom and can be drained from the same through an outflow nozzle 250 preferably provided with a drain cock.
In Fig. 2, the jacket tubes 314 are provided not only in the area of their open ends, but also in several inter mediate areas with constrictions 314a to 314e. In addition to a further slowing down of the flow rate of the liquid F2 through the jacket tubes 206, these constrictions serve primarily to center the capillaries 301.
3 and 4 show further embodiments of a capillary mass exchanger, wherein in Fig. 3 the capillary 401 decrease in length from the side wall 402 to the opposite side wall 403 from layer to layer, and the transverse walls 439 and 440 against the side wall 403 converge, while in FIG. 4 the transverse walls 539 and 540 also form an angle with one another, but the capillaries 501, in contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 3, are not straight but curved.
Finally, FIG. 5 shows, in a purely schematic perspective view, the assembly of several layers of capillaries 601 to form a bundle in which, on the one hand, each individual layer consists of capillaries increasing in length from the outside to the inside, and on the other hand, the capillaries from layer to layer from the end side 602 or 603 increase in length towards the middle of the package.
The walls of the capillaries of the exchanger manufactured according to the invention can be designed in one or more layers. These layers can be of an inorganic, organic or metallic nature. Organic layers consist, for example, of hydrate cellulose. You can e.g. B. by means of the method described in Swiss Patent No. 480 080.
The diameter of the capillaries is preferably in the range from 0.1 to 5 mm, and the distance between adjacent capillaries in one and the same layer is of a similar order of magnitude.
The material of the cured casting layer consists of cured or crosslinked substances by thermal, drying and / or chemical processes that were pourable or paste-like before the effect of these processes, so z. B. acetyl cellulose, epoxy resins, polyester resins, polymethacrylates, single and multi-component silicone rubber, metal / plastic pastes, etc.
The exchanger according to the invention is used, for. B. as a Dialysa tor (z. B. to separate substances, such as separation of niedermolekula rer fractions from protein solutions or blood dialysis), for water extraction according to the principles of reverse osmosis, for cold or for sterilization, z. B. for substances such as milk that are passed through the capillaries and can be briefly heated there in precise dosage and optionally cooled by supplying appropriate heating or cooling agent to the jacket pipes.
It is also possible to use such an exchanger for distillation processes, e.g. B. to use the vacuum multiflash process for seawater desalination, where the sea water is passed through the capillaries and the condensation of the water vapor takes place under vacuum in the jacket pipes.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT501269A AT295479B (en) | 1968-06-08 | 1969-05-27 | Multi countercurrent exchanger |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CH524122A true CH524122A (en) | 1972-06-15 |
Family
ID=3570925
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH749470A CH524122A (en) | 1969-05-27 | 1970-05-21 | Multiple countercurrent exchanger |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CH (1) | CH524122A (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA703575B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2468396A1 (en) * | 1979-11-02 | 1981-05-08 | Akzo Nv | HOLLOW FIBER DIALYSEER |
EP3757499A1 (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2020-12-30 | KRONES Aktiengesellschaft | Tubular heat exchanger |
-
1970
- 1970-05-21 CH CH749470A patent/CH524122A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-05-26 ZA ZA703575A patent/ZA703575B/en unknown
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2468396A1 (en) * | 1979-11-02 | 1981-05-08 | Akzo Nv | HOLLOW FIBER DIALYSEER |
EP3757499A1 (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2020-12-30 | KRONES Aktiengesellschaft | Tubular heat exchanger |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA703575B (en) | 1971-01-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2452149B1 (en) | Plate heat exchanger | |
DE1929117A1 (en) | Capillary exchanger | |
WO1998030316A1 (en) | Device for filtering and separating flowing fluids | |
DE3319521C2 (en) | ||
DE2542438A1 (en) | DIALYZER, IN PARTICULAR FOR HAEMODIALYSIS AND METHOD OF ITS MANUFACTURING | |
DE3140614C2 (en) | Device for membrane distillation | |
DE102005005509A1 (en) | Block heat exchanger made of graphite | |
DE3137296A1 (en) | Plate heat exchanger | |
DE102005011471B4 (en) | Membrane device and method of making a membrane device | |
DE2508867B2 (en) | Device for heat or material exchange, which consists of several exchange spaces formed by parallel plates | |
DE3824839C1 (en) | ||
CH524122A (en) | Multiple countercurrent exchanger | |
EP1360984B1 (en) | Apparatus for separating a component from a gas mixture or a liquid mixture | |
DE4019991A1 (en) | COLUMN BODY FOR RECEIVING PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS | |
DE2524080C3 (en) | Heat exchanger in which a vaporous medium condenses while giving off heat to another medium | |
DE3212914A1 (en) | Shell-and-tube heat exchanger | |
AT295479B (en) | Multi countercurrent exchanger | |
EP1389295A1 (en) | Heat exchanger for heating a product, in particular a mass for production of confectionery | |
EP1139055B1 (en) | Heat exchanger with multiple tube bundles | |
DE2652856C2 (en) | Substance exchangers for medical purposes | |
EP3822569B1 (en) | Heat exchanger | |
DE3918092C2 (en) | Agitator mill | |
DE3233407C2 (en) | Heat exchanger for heat transfer from digested sludge to raw sludge | |
DE599504C (en) | Surface condenser with a precipitation surface from a system of long oval hollow bodies lying next to one another | |
DE2028729A1 (en) | Heat exchanger |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PL | Patent ceased |