CH373375A - Process for preparing tetracyclines - Google Patents
Process for preparing tetracyclinesInfo
- Publication number
- CH373375A CH373375A CH5800058A CH5800058A CH373375A CH 373375 A CH373375 A CH 373375A CH 5800058 A CH5800058 A CH 5800058A CH 5800058 A CH5800058 A CH 5800058A CH 373375 A CH373375 A CH 373375A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- sep
- dehydrotetracycline
- chlorotetracycline
- fermentation
- tetracycline
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004098 Tetracycline Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 235000019364 tetracycline Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 14
- 150000003522 tetracyclines Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 14
- 229940040944 tetracyclines Drugs 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 16
- CYDMQBQPVICBEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotetracycline Natural products C1=CC(Cl)=C2C(O)(C)C3CC4C(N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)C4(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O CYDMQBQPVICBEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- CYDMQBQPVICBEU-XRNKAMNCSA-N chlortetracycline Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=C2[C@](O)(C)[C@H]3C[C@H]4[C@H](N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)[C@@]4(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O CYDMQBQPVICBEU-XRNKAMNCSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229960002180 tetracycline Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 229930101283 tetracycline Natural products 0.000 description 10
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- LJVDOBHBFMLPMI-XRNKAMNCSA-N (4s,4as,5as,6s,12ar)-7-bromo-4-(dimethylamino)-1,6,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-3,12-dioxo-4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC(Br)=C2[C@](O)(C)[C@H]3C[C@H]4[C@H](N(C)C)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C(O)[C@@]4(O)C(=O)C3=C(O)C2=C1O LJVDOBHBFMLPMI-XRNKAMNCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241001637516 Polygonia c-album Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- BIGYLAKFCGVRAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4-thiadiazolidine-2,5-dithione Chemical compound S=C1NNC(=S)S1 BIGYLAKFCGVRAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000186984 Kitasatospora aureofaciens Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002803 maceration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- UUBKWODOINKONV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(furan-2-yl)-3h-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione Chemical compound O1C(S)=NN=C1C1=CC=CO1 UUBKWODOINKONV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000016736 Cyclin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050006400 Cyclin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000001727 glucose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000020094 liqueur Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P29/00—Preparation of compounds containing a naphthacene ring system, e.g. tetracycline
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/205—Bacterial isolates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/465—Streptomyces
- C12R2001/485—Streptomyces aureofaciens
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Description
Procédé de préparation des tétracyclines La .présente invention a pour objet un procédé nouveau pour préparer les composés de la série des tétracyclines, à savoir, la tétracycline, la chlorotétra- cycline et la bromotétracycline qui sont des antibioti ques à large spectre.
Ces tétracyclines répondent à la formule
EMI0001.0011
dans laquelle Z est un .atome d'hydrogène, de chlore ou de brome. Antérieurement, on préparait ces tétra cyclines par fermentation aérobie d'un milieu nutritif aqueux à l'aide d'un micro-organisme de l'espèce <I>S.</I> aureofaciens,
en travaillant dans des conditions contrôlées en ce qui concerne la teneur du milieu en ions chlorure et/ou en ions bromure.
Suivant la présente invention, on prépare les tétracyclines de formule I en faisant fermenter dans des conditions aérobies un milieu nutritif aqueux à l'aide d'un micro-organisme de l'espèce S. aureofa- ciens, en présence d'une 5a(11a)-déhydrotétracycline correspondante, de formule
EMI0001.0035
Ces 5a(lla)-déhydrotétracyclines de formule II sont elles-mêmes.
des antibiotiques nouveaux, obtenus par un procédé de fermentation décrit dans le brevet allemand No<B>1089511,</B> comme on l'indique plus en détail dans ledit brevet, ces nouveaux antibiotiques sont la 7 - chloro - 5a(1 la) - déhydrotétracycline, la 5a(11a)-déhydrotétracycline et la 7-bromo-5a(11a)- déhydrotétracycline, et ils sont produits dans des conditions de fermentation appropriées,
par certaines souches mutantes de<I>S.</I> aureo <I>f</I> aciens, dont certaines ont été appelées S1308, S1308-29, S1308-V146 et S1308-V237, dont les cultures ont été déposées à l'American Type Culture Collection, à Washington, où elles. ont reçu respectivement les numéros d'ins- cription ATCC 12748, 12749, 12750, 12751.
L'activité biologique de ces 5a(lla)-déhydro- tétracyclines est assez faible. Cependant, étant donné que les nouvelles souches mutantes de<I>S.</I> aureofaciens qui produisent ces nouveaux antibiotiques sont des souches à grand rendement, produisant fréquem ment jusqu'à 9000-10 000 gammas/ce de 7-chloro- 5a(11a)-déhydrotétracycline par exemple,
on a fait des efforts pour convertir ces antibiotiques en ceux possédant l'activité antibactérienne typique à spectre large que l'on désire obtenir.
La présente invention permet d'obtenir le résul tat désiré moyennant une conversion biologique de ces nouveaux antibiotiques en antibiotiques à large spectre désirés. On convertit ainsi la 7-chloro- 5a(lla)-déhydro@tétracycline en chlorotétracycline, la Sa(lla)-déhydrotétracycline en tétracycline, et la 7- bro#mo-5a(lla)-déhydrotétracycline en bromotétra- cycline.
On peut réaliser simplement la présente invention en ajoutant les nouveaux antibiotiques à un système de fermentation utilisant des souches ordinaires de <I>S.</I> aureofaciens. Ainsi, quand on ajoute de la 7- chloro - 5a(1 <I>la)
</I> - déhydrotétracycline à un système ordinaire de fermentation utilisant des souches ordi naires de<I>S.</I> aureofaciens productrices de chloro- tétracycline, elle est convertie en chlorotétracycline. Jusqu'à présent, la conversion est incomplète, mais on a trouvé qu'elle varie de 18 à 48 % dans la plupart des cas.
Les conditions de la fermentation sont généra lement les mêmes que dans les méthodes actuellement connues de préparation de la chlorotétracycline et de la tétracycline par fermentation, si ce n'est, évi demment, que l'on ajoute le nouvel antibiotique, de préférence au début de la fermentation. Le milieu de fermentation contient les substances nutritives et minérales usuelles.
Des substances nutritives appro priées qui peuvent fournir les principes nécessaires sont notamment l'amidon, le dextrose, le sucre de canne, le glucose, la mélasse, la farine de soja, la farine d'arachide, la levure, les extraits de viande, la peptone, le sulfate d'ammonium, l'urée, la liqueur de macération de maïs, les produits solubles de dis tillerie, la farine de poisson, et d'autres substances ordinaires.
Les sels inorganiques .comprennent notam ment le carbonate de calcium, le sulfate d'ammo nium, le chlorure .d'ammonium, le phosphate mono sodique, et les divers oligo-éléments tels que le man ganèse, le cobalt, le zinc, le cuivre, le fer, etc.
Les autres conditions générales de la fermenta tion, telles que le pH, la température, le temps, le taux d'aération, la préparation de l'inoculum, la sté rilisation, l'incubation, etc., peuvent être usuelles et sont généralement similaires. à celles de la prépara tion de la chlorotétracycline, indiquées dans le brevet américain No 2482055, et de la préparation de la tétracycline, indiquées dans le brevet américain Nù 2734018.
De même, la récupération de la chlorotétra- cycline et de la .tétracycline à partir de la liqueur de fermentation n'a pas besoin d'être décrite, car de nombreuses méthodes ont été publiées pour récupé rer ces antibiotiques à partir des liqueurs de fermen tation. On peut récupérer la bromotétracycline de façon similaire.
Dans les exemples qui suivent, on notera que certaines des opérations de fermentation sont con- duites en présence de certains inhibiteurs de chloru- ration, qui sont le 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, et le 2-(2-fnryl)-5-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazole. Ces inhibiteurs ont pour effet de modifier la proportion entre chlorotétracycline et tétracycline dans la fer mentation normale de la chlorotétracycline,
de ma nière à donner une forte proportion de tétracycline. De cette façon, il est possible d'observer plus faci lement la formation de chlorotétracycline due à la conversion de la 7 - chloro - 5a(1 la) - déhydrotétra- cycline, car en l'absence de ces inhibiteurs des aug mentations de la quantité de chlorotétracycline dues à la conversion de la 7-chloro-5a(lla)-déhydro- tétracycline pourraient passer inaperçues.
<I>Exemple 1</I> On prépare un milieu de fermentation qui a la composition suivante
EMI0002.0071
Amidon <SEP> 55 <SEP> g/1
<tb> Liqueur <SEP> de <SEP> macération <SEP> de <SEP> maïs <SEP> 25 <SEP> g/1
<tb> CaCO;; <SEP> .. <SEP> 9 <SEP> g/1
<tb> (NH4)zSO.<B>l</B> <SEP> 5,6 <SEP> g/1
<tb> MnS04 <SEP> (70 <SEP> % <SEP> ) <SEP> 80 <SEP> mg/1
<tb> CoC1,,,6H,0 <SEP> . <SEP> . <SEP> 5 <SEP> mg/1
<tb> NH4CI <SEP> . <SEP> . <SEP> 1,7 <SEP> g/1
<tb> Huile <SEP> de <SEP> saindoux <SEP> .
<SEP> <B>3,2%</B> <SEP> en <SEP> volume Après stérilisation du milieu, on inocule 25 cm," du milieu dans un flacon Erlenmeyer de 250 cm3, avec un inoculum végétatif de<I>S.</I> aureofaciens (souche S77).
On ajoute 100 parties par million de 2,5- dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole et 500 gammas/cm3 de 7-chloro-5a(11a)-déhydrotétracycline, et on conduit la fermentation pendant 120 heures à 250 C sur une secoueuse rotative.
On titre la chlorotétracycline de la liqueur par voie fluorométrique, et on trouve que l'augmentation du titre fluorométrique due à l'addi tion de 7-chloro-5a(lla)-déhydrotétracycline repré sente 248 gammas/cm3, ce qui représente 48 % de la conversion théorique possible de la 7-chloro- 5a(lla)
-déhydrotétracycline en chlorotétracycline. <I>Exemple 2</I> On suit la méthode de l'exemple précédent à cette seule exception près que l'on ajoute au milieu 10 parties par million de 2-(2-furyl)-5-mercapto- 1,3,4-oxadiazole comme inhibiteur de chloruration. L'accroissement du titre fluorométrique de chloro- tétracycline due à l'addition de 7-chloro-5a(lla)
- déhydrotétracycline est de<B>170</B> gamma-s/cm3, ce qui représente 34 % de la conversion théorique de la 7 - chloro- 5a(11a) - déhydrotétracycline ajoutée en chlorotétracycline. <I>Exemple 3</I> On suit la méthode de l'exemple 1, sauf que l'on ajoute de la 5a(lla)
-déhydrotétracycline au sys tème de fermentation et que l'on utilise pas d'inhi- biteur. On inocule alors le milieu avec un inoculum végétatif de S. aureofaciens (souche S77). La con version de la 5a(1 la)-déhydrotétracyaline ajoutée en tétracycline est d'environ 35 %. <I>Exemple 4</I> On suit le procédé de l'exemple 1, sauf que l'on ajoute de la 7-bromo-5a(lla)-déhydrotétracycline au système de fermentation.
On inocule le milieu avec un inoculum végétatif de<I>S.</I> aureofaciens (sou che S77). La conversion de la 7-bromo-5a(lla)- déhydrotétracycline ajoutée en bromotétracycline est d'environ 30 %.
Process for preparing tetracyclines The present invention relates to a novel process for preparing compounds of the tetracycline series, namely tetracycline, chlorotetracycline and bromotetracycline which are broad spectrum antibiotics.
These tetracyclines meet the formula
EMI0001.0011
wherein Z is a hydrogen, chlorine or bromine atom. Previously, these tetra cyclins were prepared by aerobic fermentation of an aqueous nutrient medium using a microorganism of the species <I> S. </I> aureofaciens,
by working under controlled conditions with regard to the content of the medium in chloride ions and / or bromide ions.
According to the present invention, the tetracyclines of formula I are prepared by aerobically fermenting an aqueous nutrient medium with the aid of a microorganism of the species S. aureofaciens, in the presence of a 5a ( 11a) -dehydrotetracycline corresponding, of formula
EMI0001.0035
These 5a (11a) -dehydrotetracyclines of formula II are themselves.
new antibiotics, obtained by a fermentation process described in German patent No. <B> 1089511, </B> as is indicated in more detail in said patent, these new antibiotics are 7 - chloro - 5a (1 la ) - dehydrotetracycline, 5a (11a) -dehydrotetracycline and 7-bromo-5a (11a) - dehydrotetracycline, and they are produced under suitable fermentation conditions,
by certain mutant strains of <I> S. </I> aureo <I> f </I> aciens, some of which have been designated S1308, S1308-29, S1308-V146 and S1308-V237, whose cultures have been deposited at the American Type Culture Collection, Washington, where they. have received ATCC registration numbers 12748, 12749, 12750, 12751 respectively.
The biological activity of these 5a (11a) -dehydro-tetracyclines is quite low. However, since the new mutant strains of <I> S. </I> aureofaciens that produce these new antibiotics are high yielding strains, frequently producing up to 9000-10000 gammas / cc of 7-chloro- 5a (11a) -dehydrotetracycline for example,
Efforts have been made to convert these antibiotics to those possessing the typical broad spectrum antibacterial activity which is desired.
The present invention achieves the desired result through biological conversion of these novel antibiotics into the desired broad spectrum antibiotics. 7-Chloro-5a (11a) -dehydro @ tetracycline is thus converted to chlorotetracycline, Sa (11a) -dehydrotetracycline to tetracycline, and 7-bro # mo-5a (11a) -dehydrotetracycline to bromotetracycline.
The present invention can be accomplished simply by adding the novel antibiotics to a fermentation system using ordinary strains of <I> S. </I> aureofaciens. So when we add 7- chloro - 5a (1 <I> la)
</I> - dehydrotetracycline to an ordinary fermentation system using ordinary strains of <I> S. </I> aureofaciens producing chlorotetracycline, it is converted into chlorotetracycline. So far, the conversion is incomplete, but it has been found to vary from 18 to 48% in most cases.
The fermentation conditions are generally the same as in the currently known methods of preparing chlorotetracycline and tetracycline by fermentation, except, of course, that the new antibiotic is added, preferably at the start. of fermentation. The fermentation medium contains the usual nutrients and minerals.
Suitable nutrients which can provide the necessary principles include starch, dextrose, cane sugar, glucose, molasses, soybean meal, peanut meal, yeast, meat extracts, peptone, ammonium sulfate, urea, corn maceration liquor, soluble products from the distillery, fishmeal, and other common substances.
Inorganic salts include in particular calcium carbonate, ammonium sulphate, ammonium chloride, monosodium phosphate, and various trace elements such as man ganese, cobalt, zinc, copper, iron, etc.
Other general fermentation conditions, such as pH, temperature, time, rate of aeration, preparation of inoculum, sterilization, incubation, etc., may be customary and are generally similar. to those of the preparation of chlorotetracycline, shown in US Patent No. 2,482055, and of the preparation of tetracycline, shown in US Patent No. 2734018.
Likewise, the recovery of chlorotetracycline and tetracycline from fermentation liquor need not be described, since many methods have been published to recover these antibiotics from fermen's liquors. tation. Bromotetracycline can be recovered in a similar fashion.
In the examples which follow it will be appreciated that some of the fermentation operations are carried out in the presence of certain chlorination inhibitors, which are 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, and 2- ( 2-acryl) -5-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazole. These inhibitors have the effect of modifying the proportion between chlorotetracycline and tetracycline in the normal fermentation of chlorotetracycline,
so as to give a high proportion of tetracycline. In this way, it is possible to observe more easily the formation of chlorotetracycline due to the conversion of 7 - chloro - 5a (1 la) - dehydrotetracycline, because in the absence of these inhibitors increases in amount of chlorotetracycline due to the conversion of 7-chloro-5a (11a) -dehydro-tetracycline could go unnoticed.
<I> Example 1 </I> A fermentation medium is prepared which has the following composition
EMI0002.0071
Starch <SEP> 55 <SEP> g / 1
<tb> Liqueur <SEP> of <SEP> maceration <SEP> of <SEP> corn <SEP> 25 <SEP> g / 1
<tb> CaCO ;; <SEP> .. <SEP> 9 <SEP> g / 1
<tb> (NH4) zSO. <B> l </B> <SEP> 5,6 <SEP> g / 1
<tb> MnS04 <SEP> (70 <SEP>% <SEP>) <SEP> 80 <SEP> mg / 1
<tb> CoC1 ,,, 6H, 0 <SEP>. <SEP>. <SEP> 5 <SEP> mg / 1
<tb> NH4CI <SEP>. <SEP>. <SEP> 1.7 <SEP> g / 1
<tb> Lard <SEP> oil <SEP> <SEP>.
<SEP> <B> 3.2% </B> <SEP> by <SEP> volume After sterilization of the medium, 25 cm, "of the medium are inoculated into a 250 cm3 Erlenmeyer flask, with a vegetative inoculum of <I > S. </I> aureofaciens (strain S77).
100 parts per million of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole and 500 gammas / cm3 of 7-chloro-5a (11a) -dehydrotetracycline are added, and the fermentation is carried out for 120 hours at 250 C on a rotary shaker.
The chlorotetracycline of the liquor is titrated fluorometrically, and it is found that the increase in the fluorometric titre due to the addition of 7-chloro-5a (11a) -dehydrotetracycline represents 248 gammas / cm3, which represents 48%. of the possible theoretical conversion of 7-chloro-5a (lla)
-dehydrotetracycline to chlorotetracycline. <I> Example 2 </I> We follow the method of the previous example with this one exception that we add to the medium 10 parts per million of 2- (2-furyl) -5-mercapto- 1,3 , 4-oxadiazole as a chlorination inhibitor. The increase in the fluorometric titre of chlorotetracycline due to the addition of 7-chloro-5a (lla)
- dehydrotetracycline is <B> 170 </B> gamma-s / cm3, which represents 34% of the theoretical conversion of 7 - chloro-5a (11a) - dehydrotetracycline added to chlorotetracycline. <I> Example 3 </I> We follow the method of example 1, except that we add 5a (lla)
-dehydrotetracycline in the fermentation sys tem and that no inhibitor is used. The medium is then inoculated with a vegetative inoculum of S. aureofaciens (strain S77). The conversion of 5α (1 la) -dehydrotetracyaline added to tetracycline is about 35%. <I> Example 4 </I> The procedure of Example 1 is followed except that 7-bromo-5a (11a) -dehydro-tetracycline is added to the fermentation system.
The medium is inoculated with a vegetative inoculum of <I> S. </I> aureofaciens (strain S77). The conversion of the added 7-bromo-5a (11a) - dehydrotetracycline to bromotetracycline is about 30%.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US650820A US2965546A (en) | 1957-04-05 | 1957-04-05 | Biological conversion of 5alpha (11alpha)-dehydrotetracyclines to broad-spectrum antibiotics |
| FR762356A FR1265823A (en) | 1958-04-04 | 1958-04-04 | Process for preparing tetracyclines |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH373375A true CH373375A (en) | 1963-11-30 |
Family
ID=34828621
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH5800058A CH373375A (en) | 1957-04-05 | 1958-04-03 | Process for preparing tetracyclines |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH373375A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL111166C (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1987000832A3 (en) * | 1985-08-08 | 1987-06-18 | Schering Corp | Tetracycline antibiotics, their preparation, antibiotic compositions containing them, and microorganisms useful in their preparation |
| US4752605A (en) * | 1985-08-09 | 1988-06-21 | Schering Corporation | 7-chloro-4a-hydroxy-8-methoxytetracycline, antibiotic compositions containing them and a method of using |
-
0
- NL NL111166D patent/NL111166C/xx active
-
1958
- 1958-04-03 CH CH5800058A patent/CH373375A/en unknown
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1987000832A3 (en) * | 1985-08-08 | 1987-06-18 | Schering Corp | Tetracycline antibiotics, their preparation, antibiotic compositions containing them, and microorganisms useful in their preparation |
| US4752605A (en) * | 1985-08-09 | 1988-06-21 | Schering Corporation | 7-chloro-4a-hydroxy-8-methoxytetracycline, antibiotic compositions containing them and a method of using |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL111166C (en) |
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