CH253581A

CH253581A - Electrical device with metallic vapors.

Info

Publication number: CH253581A
Authority: CH
Inventors: Corporation Westingho Electric
Original assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority date: 1940-04-24
Filing date: 1946-01-30
Publication date: 1948-03-15

Description

Dispositif eleetrique ä vapeurs metalliques. Electrical device for metallic vapors.

La presente invention se rapporte ä un disposit.if electrique ä degagement de vapeurs ?iz,_talliquec et en pa.rticulier ä rin assem @@'age d'anorle et de deflecteur pour un dis positif de ce genre. The present invention relates to an electrical device for the release of metallic vapors and in particular to an assembly of anorle and deflector for a positive device of this kind.

Dans 1e fonetionnement des dispositifs i leetriques ä degagement de vapeurs m6tal liques tels que les valves ä vapeurs de mer eure, en particülier les valves d'amorvage, an a troitve qu'il etait desirable de proteger 1'anode de telle faeon qu'aucune Portion de la surface de travail de l'anode ne soit ex po4e ä 1'action directe de la surface active de la catliode. In the operation of electrical metal vapor releasing devices such as sea vapor valves, particularly priming valves, it was desirable to shield the anode so that no Part of the working surface of the anode is not exposed to the direct action of the active surface of the catliode.

Le dispositif electrique ä. vapeurs m6tal liques suiva.nt 1'invention comprend un reci pient renfermant une cathode vaporisable et une a.node pourvue dune Partie active dont la section transversale va en diminuant en dire etion de la. cathode, ce dispositif etant aarael:eri4 par un deflecteur dont la forme correspond 5, Gelle de la Partie active de 1'anode et qui pratege completement 1'anode de 1'aetion direct.e de la catliode, ce d6flec teur possedant des ouvertures servant ä diri ber 1'a.rc jusqu"a proximitd de la. surface de condensation du recipient. The electrical device ä. m6tal lic vapors followinga.nt 1'invention comprises a container containing a vaporizable cathode and an a.node provided with an active part whose cross section decreases in say etion of the. cathode, this device being aarael: eri4 by a deflector whose shape corresponds to 5, Gel of the active part of the anode and which completely protects the anode from the direct.etion of the catliode, this deflector having openings serving to direct the arc to the vicinity of the condensing surface of the container.

Le dessin annexe repr6sente, ä eitre d'exeniple, deux formes d'execution de 1'objet de I'invention. The appended drawing represents, by way of example, two forms of execution of the object of the invention.

La fig.1 est une coupe verticale de la Premiere forme d'execution, et 1a, fig.2 est une eoupe similaire de la deuxieme forme d'execution. Fig.1 is a vertical section of the first embodiment, and 1a, fig.2 is a similar section of the second embodiment.

Le dispositif suivant la fig.1 comporte un recipient en metal 1 qui est pourvu d'un rac- cord de pompe 2 par lequel il peut etre vide. Au fond de ee rdcipient 1 est pr6vu un disque de cathode 3 contenant une quantite de ma- tiere vaporisable 4, telle que, par exemple, du mercure, du gallium ou des composes de mercure. La cathode 4 est de preference pour- vue d'elements de refroidissement, tels que des bloss en metal 5 qui sont soudes ou fixes dune autre maniere au disque de cathode 3, pour enlever rapidement par conduction la chaleur de la matiere de la cathode 4. The device according to fig.1 comprises a metal container 1 which is provided with a pump connection 2 through which it can be emptied. At the bottom of this container 1 is provided a cathode disc 3 containing a quantity of vaporizable material 4, such as, for example, mercury, gallium or mercury compounds. The cathode 4 is preferably provided with cooling elements, such as metal bloss 5 which are welded or otherwise attached to the cathode disc 3, to rapidly remove heat from the cathode material 4 by conduction. .

Dan.s 1e but d'amorcer une taohe de ca- thode, une electrode d'amorQage 6 est prevue qui est en contact avec la matiere de la cathode 4. Cette electrode d'amorgage 6 est reliee ä un conducteur d'amenee 7 qui est monte de maniere ä etre isole du recipient 1 au moyen de supports 8 fixes (par exemple par soudure) sur la surface interieure du r6ci- pient 1 et isole de Ges supports au moyen, par exemple, d'un tube de quartz 9. L'entree du conducteur d'amenee 7 est isolee de la paroi du recipient 1 au moyen dune douille de traversee 10. Les parois du recipient 1 sont refroidies de maniere ä realiser une sur- fa.ce de condensation pour les vapeurs qui sont degagees: de la cathode 4. De pr6f6- rence, les parois du recipient 1 sont refroidies au moyen de serpentins de refroidissement 11 fixes ä l'exterieur du recipient 1 et de fagon ä etre en bon contact thermique avec celui-ei. For the purpose of initiating a cathode electrode, an ignition electrode 6 is provided which is in contact with the cathode material 4. This ignition electrode 6 is connected to a lead conductor 7 which is mounted so as to be isolated from the container 1 by means of supports 8 fixed (for example by welding) on the interior surface of the container 1 and isolated from these supports by means, for example, of a quartz tube 9 The inlet of the supply conductor 7 is isolated from the wall of the vessel 1 by means of a bushing 10. The walls of the vessel 1 are cooled so as to provide a condensation surface for the vapors which released from the cathode 4. Preferably, the walls of the container 1 are cooled by means of cooling coils 11 fixed to the outside of the container 1 and so as to be in good thermal contact with the latter.

Daus certains cas, il est indique de prevoir des serpentins de refroidissement 12 dans certaines Parties de 1'interieur du recipient 1. Parties dans lesquelles la formation de Bran des concentrations de vapeurs est voulue. Ces serpentins de refroidissement interieurs sont, de preference, en nickel, ä eause du Brand pouvoir de condensation de ee metal. In certain cases, it is indicated to provide cooling coils 12 in certain parts of the interior of the container 1. Parts in which the formation of bran concentrations of vapors is desired. These interior cooling coils are preferably made of nickel, because of the condensing power of this metal.

Avec la cathode 4 coopere une anode 15 en matiere conductrice, tolle qu'un metal ou 1e graphite, cette anode-etant montke sur une tige conductrice 16, par exemple en cuivre. Cette tige 16 penetre ä 1'interieur du reci- pient au travers dune douille isolante 17 qui cst, de preference, scellee dune maniere etanche en Position de montage, au moyen de joints de soudage appropries 18. With the cathode 4 cooperates an anode 15 of conductive material, tolle that a metal or the first graphite, this anode being mounted on a conductive rod 16, for example copper. This rod 16 penetrates inside the container through an insulating sleeve 17 which is preferably sealed in a watertight manner in the assembly position, by means of suitable welding joints 18.

Daus 1e but d'augmenter faire de la sur- face active de 1'anode 15, cette derniere a une forme sensiblement conique 20, ou tout au moins une.face qui converge dune Base vors un point situe pres de la cathode 4. For the first purpose of increasing the active surface of the anode 15, the latter has a substantially conical shape 20, or at least a face which converges from a Base towards a point located near the cathode 4.

Daus 1e but de proteger la surface active 20 de 1'anode 15 de Faction directe de la cathode 4, un deflecteur est prevü, constitue ici par un bäti 21 supportant plusieurs Plaques annulaires 22 qui determinent un espace dopt la forme correspond ä la :surface conique de la face active 20 de Panode. L'apex de 1a grille ou defleeteur est forme au moyen dune Plaque terminale pleine 23. L'ensemble du deflecteur est monte de maniere ä etre isole de 1'anode 15 et du recipient 1, au moyen d'un anneau_ isolant 24. Les Plaques annulaires 22 out une largeur tolle et sont espacees de tolle fagon l'une de 1'autre quo des ouvertures laterales 25 soient formees qui sont orientees sensiblement transversale- ment ä la direction allaut de Panode 15 ä la cathode 4, de :sorte quo 1e flux de 1'arc s'ecoule lateralement en s'eloignant de la face d'anode 20, et qu'ainsi aucune Partie de la face d'anode 20 n'est exposee ä 1'actnon de la surface active de la cathode 4. For the purpose of protecting the active surface 20 of the anode 15 from the direct action of the cathode 4, a deflector is provided, constituted here by a frame 21 supporting several annular plates 22 which determine a space whose shape corresponds to the surface. conical of the active face 20 of Panode. The apex of the grid or deflector is formed by means of a solid end plate 23. The deflector assembly is mounted so as to be isolated from the anode 15 and the container 1, by means of an insulating ring 24. The annular plates 22 are a full width and are so spaced apart that side apertures 25 are formed which are oriented substantially transverse to the direction from the cathode 15 to the cathode 4, so that the arc flux flows laterally away from the anode face 20, so that no part of the anode face 20 is exposed to the action of the active surface of the cathode. 4.

La surface active de la cathode 4 peut eire reduite au moyen d'un anneau d6flec- The active surface of the cathode 4 can be reduced by means of a deflected ring.

tour 26 fixe rigidement dans la cathode 4, par exemple, au moyen de goupilles 27 rigide men-e fixees aug blocs -de refroidissement 5 prevus Jans 1a cathode 4. lathe 26 fixed rigidly in the cathode 4, for example, by means of pins 27 rigid men-e fixed aug cooling blocks 5 provided Jans 1a cathode 4.

Le deflecteur sensiblement conique pre sente 1'avantage quo Fanode peut etre dis pos6e pres de la cathode, saus porter pr6ju dice au flux de vapeurs provenant de la cathode et dirige vors les' surfaces de conden sation. En plus, los ouvertures laterales pre vues dans 1e deflecteur exposent un pour centage plus Brand de Faire de condensation ä Feffet de 1'are et, comme an 1e sait, cette exposition de la :surface de condensation ä 1'arc augmente Paction de condensation de la surface de condensation. The substantially conical deflector has the advantage that the anode can be arranged close to the cathode, without harming the flow of vapors from the cathode and directed towards the condensing surfaces. In addition, the side openings provided in the baffle expose a higher percentage of condensation to the arc effect and, as is known, this exposure of the condensation surface to the arc increases the condensation action. of the condensing surface.

Le deflecteur est, de preference, construit en une matiere conductrice, tolle qu'un metal ou 1e graphite, de sorte qu'il peut aussi etre employe comme electrode au$iliaire pour commander 1e fonctionnement du dispositif electrique ä vapeurs.. The baffle is preferably constructed of a conductive material, such as metal or graphite, so that it may also be employed as an auxiliary electrode to control the operation of the electrical vapor device.

Daus 1e but de pouvoir utilieer 1e d6flec teur comme electrode, par exemple eous forme de grille, une conduite d'amenee 30 est reliee au deflecteur, cette conduite 30 traversant la paroi du recipient 1, tout en etant isolee de celle-ei, au moyen dune douille isolante 31. For the first purpose of being able to use the deflector as an electrode, for example in the form of a grid, a feed pipe 30 is connected to the deflector, this pipe 30 passing through the wall of the container 1, while being insulated from it, at the means of an insulating sleeve 31.

Daus la forme d'execution representee ä la fix. 2, 1e deflecteur 35 n'est pas en metal, mais en graphite et a aussi une forme sen siblement conique correspondant ä Gelle de la surface aetive 2Ch de Fanode conique 15. Des passaltes d'arc 36 sont prevus Jans 1a paroi du deflecteur 35, Ges pasisages etant diriges trans versalement ä une ligne reliant la surface de cathode active 4 ä la face d'anode 2.0. La gran deur des paseages d'are 36 et 1'epaisseur de la paroi en graphite sont proportionnees de tolle fagon qu'aucun point de la face d'anode 20 ne sofft expose ä Paction directe de 1a surface de cathode 4 ä travers los passaltes 36. In the form of execution represented in the fix. 2, the baffle 35 is not of metal, but of graphite and also has a substantially conical shape corresponding to the surface of the active surface 2Ch of the conical anode 15. Arcing steps 36 are provided on the wall of the baffle 35. , the passages being directed transversely to a line connecting the active cathode surface 4 to the anode face 2.0. The size of the bore passages 36 and the thickness of the graphite wall are proportioned so that no point of the anode face 20 is exposed to the direct action of the cathode surface 4 through the passages. 36.

Claims

REVENIGATION Electrical device for metal vapors, comprising a container enclosing a vaporizable cathode and an anode provided with an active part adopting the transverse section

dirty goes decreasing in the direction of the ctithode. characterized by a deflector whose 1 < t shape corresponds to ä. that of the active part of the anode and which completely protects the anode from the direct action of the cathode, this deflector having openings serving to direct the air to the proximity of the surface of condensation of the SUB-CLAIMS 1. Device according to claim, characterized in that the first deflector is made of a conductive material and has a connection allowing a potential to be applied to it.

2. Device according to claim and sub-claim 1, characterized in that the first deflector is constituted by a ferrous body of graphite. d. Device according to claim and sub-claims 1 and 2, characterized in that said graphite body has passages provided in its wall, the dimensions of these passages and the thickness of said wall being proportioned in such a way that no point of the anode is exposed to the direct action of the cathode surface.