CA3228701A1

CA3228701A1 - Foamable thermoplastic compositions, thermoplastic foams and methods of making same

Info

Publication number: CA3228701A1
Application number: CA3228701A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Hayim Abrevaya; Erin BRODERICK; Alexey Kruglov; Keith LEHUTA; Tianyu Liu; Rodrigo LOBO; David MACKOWIAK; Susie Martins; Peter Nickl; Mark TRIEZENBERG; Bin Yu; Syed Hassan MAHMOOD; Rajiv Singh; Steven Chmura
Original assignee: Honeywell International Inc
Current assignee: Honeywell International Inc
Priority date: 2021-08-16
Filing date: 2022-08-16
Publication date: 2023-02-23
Also published as: GB202402492D0; KR20240046754A; WO2023023087A1; WO2023023088A1; WO2023023085A1; CA3228703A1; CA3228700A1; KR20240046756A; KR20240046757A; KR20240046755A; GB202402635D0; WO2023023086A1; GB202402636D0; CA3228702A1

Abstract

Low-density, thermoplastic foams comprising: (a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate, wherein at least about 50% by volume of the cells are closed cells; and (b) at least HFO-1224yd contained in said closed cells.

Description

FOAMABLE THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITIONS, THERMOPLASTIC FOAMS AND
METHODS OF MAKING SAME
CROSS REFERENCE
This application is related to and incorporates by reference each of: US
Provisional Application 63/233,720, filed August 16, 2021; US Provisional Application 63/252,110, filed October 4, 2021; and US Provisional Application 63/278,497, filed November 12, 2021.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to foamable thermoplastic compositions, thermoplastic foams, foaming methods, and systems and articles made from same.
BACKGROUND
VVhile foams are used in a wide variety of applications, developing a foam that has excellent performance properties and is cost-effective to produce is a derisible but difficult goal to achieve. It is even more difficult to achieve this goal while at the same time developing a foam that is environmentally friendly. Producing environmentally friendly foams is especially difficult because they comprise both a blowing agent component and a resin component forming the foam structure, and each of these components has an impact on foam performance and on environmental properties. Environmental considerations include not only the recyclability and sustainability of the polymeric resin that forms the structure of the foam but also the low environmental impact of blowing agents used to form the foam, such as the Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) of the blowing agent. It is therefore a major challenge to develop a foam that simultaneously has excellent performance and can be produced cost-effectively from an environmentally friend blowing agent and an environmentally friendly resin.
Foams based on certain thermoplastic resins, including polyester resins, have been investigated for potential advantage from the perspective of being recyclable and/or sustainably-sourced. However, difficulties have been encountered in connection with the development of such materials. For example, it has been a challenge to develop polyester resins that are truly recyclable, can be produced from sustainable sources, and which are compatible with blowing agents that are able, in combination with the thermoplastic, to produce foams with good performance properties. In many applications the performance properties that are considered highly desirable include the production of high-quality closed cell foams that are low density (and therefore have a low weight in use) and, at the same time, have relatively high mechanical integrity and strength.

With respect to the selection of thermoplastic resin, EP 3,231,836 acknowledges that while there has been interest in thermoplastic resins, in particularly polyester-based resins, this interest has encountered difficulty in development, including difficulty in identifying suitable foaming grades of such resins. Moreover, while EP 3,231,836 notes that certain polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resins, including recycled versions of PET, can be melt-extruded with a suitable physical and/or chemical blowing agent to yield closed-cell foams with the potential for low density and good mechanical properties, it is not disclosed that any such resins are at once are able to produce foams with good environmental properties and good performance properties, and are also able to be formed from sustainable sources. The '836 application identifies several possible polyester resins to be used in the formation of open-celled foams, including polyethylene terephthalate, poly butylene terephthalate, poly cyclohexane terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene furanoate or a mixture of two or more of these. While the use of polyester materials to make foams that have essentially no closed cells, as required by EP '836, may be beneficial for some applications, a disadvantage of such structures is that, in general, open cell foams will exhibit relatively poor mechanical strength properties.
While plastics based on 2,5-furandicarboxylic-acid-based polyester have been noted to have some potential advantages in certain applications, such as having good gas barrier properties, there has also been a recognition of substantial problems with forming foam materials from such plastic materials. For example, CN108410000 teaches that

2,5-furandicarboxylic-acid-based polyesters have foaming performance that is very poor and processing conditions that are extremely unfavorable. These problems are said to be addressed by using a glassy (i.e., amorphous) polymer sheet and then exposing the sheet to a special, relatively complex and cumbersome dual blowing agent process.
The process described in CN108410000 suffers from several disadvantages, including requiring an undesirably long processing time to produce the specialized, treated preform and the use of a relatively complicated dual blowing agent process. This process is also highly disadvantageous in that it is not readily adaptable for use in connection with currently used commercial extrusion equipment, thus having an undesirably high new capital cost requirement to implement.
ON 108484959 also recognizes that 2,5-furandicarboxylic-acid-based polyesters (such as PEE) have poor foamability and attempts to address this significant problem by forming a high melt viscosity polymer by blend-reacting 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid ethylene glycol ester with a multifunctional monomer selected from alcohols, esters, alkanes, carboxylic acids and anhydrides. Foaming properties of this material are said to be improved relative to PEF, but no information on the foaming process is provided.
US 2020/0308363 and US 2020/0308396 each disclose the production of amorphous polyester copolymers that comprise starting with a recycled polyester, of which only PET is exemplified, as the main component and then proceeding through a series of processing steps to achieve an amorphous co-polymer, that is, as copolymer having no crystallinity. These publications indicate that it is not possible to readily form low density polyester foams from crystalline or semi-crystalline polymers and indicates that this problem can be solved by forming amorphous copolyester polymer material and using such amorphous material to form the foam.
The synthesis of poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF) using ethylene glycol and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid is mentioned but is not exemplified. Essentially amorphous (i.e., no crystallinity as per 0 J/G AH before foaming) ternary copolymers formed from PET, polytrimethylene furanoate and polycarbonate are said to have been foamed using CO2 as the blowing agent. No foam properties are disclosed. A wide variety of different classes of blowing agent are mentioned for use with amorphous polymers generally, including CO2, HF0-1233zd, cyclopentane, acetone and methanol.
US 9790342 discloses foams formed from the polyphenolic tannin, which may be combined with a large number of possible monomers, and among the list of monomers is 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid. The foams are said to be partially open cell and partially closed cell, with open cell content being less than 50%. Numerous potential blowing agents are disclosed, including the halogenated olefin HF0-1336mmz.
VVith respect to blowing agents, the use generally of halogenated olefin blowing agents, including hydrofluoroolefins (HF0s) and hydrochlorofluorolefins (HCF0s), for several specific thermoplastic foams is known, as disclosed for example in US 2009/0305876, which is assigned to the assignee of the present invention and which is incorporated herein by reference. While the '876 application discloses the use of HFO and HFCO blowing agents with various thermoplastic materials to form foams, including PET, there is no disclosure or suggestion to use any of such blowing agents with any other type of polyester resin.
Applicants have overcome the problem of forming a high performance foam that is also has favorable environmental features (i.e., high sustainability and low atmospheric impact) and in so doing have come to appreciate that these problems can be overcome and that one or more unexpected advantages can be achieved by the formation of thermoplastic foams, and in particular extruded thermoplastic foams, using a polyester resin as disclosed herein in combination with a blowing agent comprising one of more hydrohaloolefin as disclosed herein.

3 SUMMARY
As described above, a continuing need exists for polymeric materials, and particularly polymeric foams, that are sustainable and environmentally friendly, and simultaneously a continuing need exists for such polymeric foams that at once are able to provide low density and high strength. Such a combination of properties is especially important in many applications which require a foam that has a low weight for a given volume (i.e., has low density) but are required to provide strength in use. One example of such a use is in connection with the construction of wind turbine blades, where both light weight and high strength are important, and in such applications sustainability and environment friendliness are also both very important. As outlined above, for example, prior efforts to address this need have encountered a myriad of technical problems and deficiencies, and a fully acceptable solution has heretofore not been achieved.
The present invention satisfies one or more of the above noted needs and overcomes prior technical problems and includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate having a crystallinity of at least 15%, wherein at least 25% of said cells are closed cells; and (b) 1224yd contained in the closed cells.
For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 1A1.
The present invention satisfies one or more of the above noted needs and overcomes prior technical problems and includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate having a crystallinity of at least 15%, wherein at least 25% of said cells are closed cells; and (b) 1224yd(Z) contained in the closed cells.
For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 1A2.
The present invention satisfies one or more of the above noted needs and overcomes prior technical problems and includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate having a crystallinity of at least 15%, wherein at least 25% of said cells are closed cells; and (b) 1224yd(E) contained in the closed cells.
For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 1A3.

4 The present invention includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate having a crystallinity of at least 15%, wherein at least 25% by volume of said cells are closed cells and wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 85% by weight of the thermoplastic polymer; and (b) 1224yd is contained in the closed cells.
For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 1131.
The present invention includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate having a crystallinity of at least 15%, wherein at least 25% by volume of said cells are closed cells and wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 85% by weight of the thermoplastic polymer; and (b) 1224yd(Z) is contained in the closed cells.
For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 1132.
The present invention includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate having a crystallinity of at least 15%, wherein at least 25% by volume of said cells are closed cells and wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 85% by weight of the thermoplastic polymer; and (b) 1224yd(E) is contained in the closed cells.
For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 1133.
The present invention includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate having a crystallinity of at least 15%, wherein at least 15% by volume of said cells are closed cells and wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 85% by weight of the thermoplastic polymer; and (b) gas in the closed cell, said gas comprising 1224yd, preferably 1224yd(Z).
For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 1C.
The present invention includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:

5 (a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate having a crystallinity of at least 15%, wherein at least 15% by volume of said cells are closed cells and wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 85% by weight of the thermoplastic polymer; and (b) gas in the closed cell, said gas comprising at least about 25% by weight of 1224yd, preferably 1224yd(Z).
For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 1D.
The present invention includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate having a crystallinity of at least 15%, wherein at least 15% by volume of said cells are closed cells and wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 85% by weight of the thermoplastic polymer; and (b) gas in the closed cell, said gas comprising at least about 50% by weight of 1224yd, preferably 1224yd(Z).
For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 1E.
Reference will be made at various locations herein to a numbered foam (e.g., Foam 1) or to group of numbered foams that have been defined herein, and such reference means each of such numbered systems, including each system having a number within the group, including any suffixed numbered system. For example, reference to Foam 1 includes a separate reference to each of Foams 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1E, and reference to Foams 1 ¨ 2 is understood to include a separate reference to each of Foams 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 2A, 2B, 20, 2D, 2E and 2F. Further, this convention is used throughout the present specification for other defined materials, including Blowing Agents.
The present invention includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate wherein at least 25% of said cells are closed cells; and (b) 1224ydõ preferably 1224yd(Z),Ãcontained in the closed cells.
For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 2A.
The present invention includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:

6 (a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate having a crystallinity of at least 15%, wherein at least 25% of said cells are closed cells and wherein said thermoplastic polymer contains no tannin moieties or tannin moieties in an amount of less than 20% by weight; and (b) 1224yd, preferably 1224yd(Z) contained in the closed cells.
For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 2B.
The present invention includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate having a crystallinity of at least 35%, wherein at least 50% of said cells are closed cells; and (b) gas in said closed cell, wherein said gas comprises 1224yd.
For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 2C.
The present invention includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate having a crystallinity of at least 35%, wherein at least 50% of said cells are closed cells; and (b) gas in said closed cell, wherein said gas comprises from about 25% by weight to 100% by weight of 1224yd, preferably 1224yd(Z). For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 2D.
The present invention includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate having a crystallinity of at least 35%, wherein at least 50% of said cells are closed cells; and (b) gas in said closed cell, wherein said gas comprises 1224yd, preferably 1224yd(Z), and at least one co-blowing agent. For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 2E.
The present invention includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate having a crystallinity of at least 35%, wherein at least 50% of said cells are closed cells; and (b) gas in said closed cell, wherein said gas consists essentially of 1224yd, preferably 1224yd(Z). For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 2F.
The present invention includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate having a crystallinity of at least 15% wherein at least about 50% by volume of the cells are

7

8 closed cells and wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 85% by weight of the thermoplastic polymer; and (b) 1224yd, preferably 1224yd(Z), contained in the closed cells.
For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 3A.
The present invention includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate that has a crystallinity of at least 15% and a molecular weight of from about 25,000 to about 170,000, wherein at least about 25% by volume of the cells are closed cells;
and (b) one or more HFOs having three or four carbon atoms and/or one or more HFC0s having three or four carbon atoms contained in the closed cells.
For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 3B.
The present invention includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate having a crystallinity of at least 15% and a molecular weight of from about 80,000 to about 170,000, wherein at least about 25% by volume of the cells are closed cells;
and (b) 1224yd, preferably 1224yd(Z)contained in the closed cells.
For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 3C.
The present invention includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate having a crystallinity of at least 25% and a molecular weight of from about 80,000 to about 170,000, wherein from about 35% by volume to about 90% by volume of the cells are closed cells; and (b) 1224yd, preferably 1224yd(Z) contained in the closed cells.
For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 3D.
The present invention includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate having a crystallinity of from about 35% to about 65% and a molecular weight of from about 80,000 to about 170,000, wherein from about 35% by volume to about 90% by volume of the cells are closed cells; and (b) 1224yd, preferably 1224yd(Z) contained in the closed cells.

For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 3E.
The present invention includes low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) closed thermoplastic cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate;
and (b) a blowing agent comprising 1224yd, preferably 1224yd(Z), contained in said closed cells, wherein said foam has a relative foam density (RFD) of about 0.1 or less and a foam density of less than 0.3 g/cc. For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 4A.
The present invention includes low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) closed thermoplastic cells comprising cell walls consisting essentially of polyethylene furanoate that has been treated with a chain extender; and (b) a blowing agent comprising 1224yd, preferably 1224yd(Z), contained in said closed cells, wherein said foam has an RFD of about 0.1 or less and a density of less than 0.3 g/cc. For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 4B.
The present invention includes low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls forming closed cells, wherein said thermoplastic comprises polyethylene furanoate-based polymer having a crystallinity of at least about 15% and a molecular weight of greater than 25,000; and (b) blowing agent contained in said closed cells, said blowing agent comprises 1224yd, preferably 1224yd(Z),. For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 5A.
The present invention includes low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls forming closed cells, wherein said thermoplastic comprises polyethylene furanoate-based polymer having a crystallinity of at least about 25% and a molecular weight of from about 25,000 to about 170,000; and (b) blowing agents contained in said closed cells, said blowing agent comprising 1224yd.
For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 5B.
The present invention includes low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) closed thermoplastic cells comprising cell walls consisting essentially of polyethylene furanoate; and

9 (b) 1224yd contained in said closed cells, wherein said foam has a density of less than 0.3 g/cc. For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 6A.
The present invention includes closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) closed thermoplastic cells comprising cells walls consisting essentially of polyethylene furanoate wherein at least about 50% by volume of the cells are closed cells; and (b) 1224yd contained in said closed cells. For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 6B.
The present invention includes closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) closed thermoplastic cells comprising cells walls consisting essentially of polyethylene furanoate wherein at least about 75% by volume of the cells are closed cells; and (b) 1224yd contained in said closed cells. For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 6C.
The present invention includes closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) closed thermoplastic cells comprising cells walls consisting essentially of polyethylene furanoate wherein at least about 90% by volume of the cells are closed cells; and (b) 1224yd contained in said closed cells. For the purposes of convenience, foams in accordance with this paragraph are referred to herein as Foam 6D.
The present invention also provides the foamable compositions, foaming methods and additional foams as described hereinafter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an extrusion system and process according to one embodiment of the invention and according to the examples herein.
DEFINITIONS
1234ze means 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropene, without limitation as to isomeric form.
Trans1234ze and 1234ze(E) each means transt 3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
Cis1234ze and 1234ze(Z) each means cis1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
1234yf means 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
1233zd means 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, without limitation as to isomeric form.
Trans1233zd and 1233zd(E) each means trans1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene.
1224yd means 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropane, without limitation as to isomeric form.
cis1224yd and 1224yd(Z) means cis1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropane.

trans1224yd and 1224yd(E) means trans1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropane.
1336mzz means 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene, without limitation as to isomeric form.
Trans1336mzz and 1336mzz(E) each means trans1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene.
Cis1336mzz and 1336mzz(Z) each means cis1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene.
Closed cell foam means that a substantial volume percentage of the cells in the foam are closed, for example, about 20% by volume or more.
Crystallinity means the degree of crystallinity of a polymer measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to ASTM D3418 and ASTM E1356.
Ethylene furanoate moiety means the following structure:

n FDCA means 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and has the following structure:

H H
FDME means dimethyl 2,5-furandicarboxylate and has the following structure:

MEG means monoethylene glycol and has the following structure:
OH
HO
Moiety as used herein means a distinct repeating unit in a polymer. For clarity, a copolymer having two repeating units A and B present in a 1:1 ratio would have 50 molar % A moieties and 50 molar % of B moieties.
Other Moiety as used herein means a moiety that is not ethylene furanoate and not formed from tannin.

Methylal means dimethoxymethane ((CH30)2CH2).
PEF homopolymer means a polymer consisting of ethylene furanoate moieties. For avoidance of doubt, the PEF homopolymer may include impurity levels of materials that may be present.
PEF copolymer means a polymer having at least 50% by weight of ethylene furanoate moieties and some amount a moiety other than ethylene furanoate moieties.
PEF means poly (ethylene furanoate) and encompasses and is intended to reflect a description of PEF homopolymer and PEF coploymer.
SSP means solid-state polymerization.
PMDA means pyromellitic dianhydride having the following structure:
o 0 =
b 0 Tannin moiety as used herein means a polymeric repeating unit corresponding to the tannin used to form the polymer, including as disclosed in US Patent No.
9,890,342.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Poly (ethylene furanoate) The present invention relates to foams and foam articles that comprise cell walls that comprise PEF.
The PEF which forms the cells walls of the foams and foam articles of the present invention can be PEF homopolymer or PEF copolymer.
PEF homopolymer is a known material that is known to be formed by either:(a) esterification and polycondensation of FDCA with MEG; or (b) transesterification and polycondensation of FDME with MEG as illustrated below for example:

1. Esterification (a) 2. Polycondensation HO. // 'OH I IV
Catalyst 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) 0 n 1. Transesterification (b) 0 + 2. Polycondensation --0)L1- ?T A O' Catalyst - IvIe0H
Dimethyl 2:5-Furandicarboxylate (FDME) A detailed description of such known esterification and polycondensation synthesis methods is provided in GB Patent 621971 (Drewitt, J. G. N., and Lincocoln, J., entitled "Improvements in Polymers"), which is incorporated herein by reference. A
detailed description of such known transesterification and polycondensation synthesis methods is provided in Gandini, A., Silvestre, A. J. D. Neto, C. P., Sousa, A.
F., and Gomes, M. (2009), "The furan counterpart of poly(ethylene terephthalate): an alternative material based on renewable resources.", J. Polym. Sci. Polym.
Chem. 47, 295-298. doi: 10.1002/pola.23130, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Foams The foams of the present invention are formed from either PEE homopolymers, PEF copolymers, or a combination/mixture of these.
The foams may be formed in preferred embodiments from PEE homopolymer in which the polymer has at least 99.5% by weight, or at least 99.9% of by weight, of ethylene furanoate moieties.
It is contemplated that the foams may be formed in preferred embodiments from REF copolymer in which the polymer, including REF copolymer that has from about 60% to about 99% by weight of ethylene furanoate moieties, or from about 70%
to about 99% by weight of ethylene furanoate moieties, or from about 85% to about 99%
by weight of ethylene furanoate moieties, or from about 90% to about 99% by weight of ethylene furanoate moieties or from about 95% to about 99.5% by weight of ethylene furanoate moieties. The present invention also includes foams formed from REF having less than 20% by weight of tannin moieties, or less than 15% by weight of tannin moieties, or less than 10% by weight of tannin moieties, or less than 5% by weght of tannin moieties, or is essentially free of tannin moieties.

For those embodiments of the present invention involving PEF copolymers, it is contemplated that those skilled in the art will be able, in view of the teachings contained herein, to select the type and amount of co-polymeric materials to be used within each of the ranges described herein to achieve the desired enhancement/modification of the polymer without undue experimentation.
For those embodiments of the present invention involving the use of PEF
homopolymer or PEF copolymer, it is contemplated that such material may be formed with a wide variety of molecular weights and physical properties within the scope of the present invention. In preferred embodiments, the foams, including each of Foams 1 ¨
6, are formed from PEF having the ranges of characteristics identified in Table 1 below, which are measured as described in the Examples hereof:

Broad Range Intermediate Narrow Range Range Polymer property Molecular weight 25,000¨ 150,000 45,000 ¨ 130,000 55,000 ¨ 120,000 Glass Transition 75 ¨ 100 75 ¨ 95 75 ¨ 95 Temperature, Tg, 00 Melting Temperature, 180 ¨250 190 - 240 200 ¨230 "C
Decomposition 300 - 420 320 - 400 330 ¨ 380 Temperature, Td C
Crystallinity, % 25 - 75 30 ¨ 60 40 ¨ 50 In general, it is contemplated that those skilled in the art will be able to formulate PEF polymers within the range of properties described above without undue experimentation in view of the teachings contained herein. In preferred embodiments, however, PEF in general and PEF
homopolymer in particular having these properties is achieved using one or more of the synthesis methods described above, in combination with a variety of known supplemental processing techniques, including by treatment with chain extenders, such as PMDA, and/or SSP
processing. It is believed that in view of the disclosures contained herein, including the polymer synthesis described in the Examples below, a person skilled in the art will be able to produce PEF polymers within the range of characteristics described in the table above and elsewhere herein.
An example of the process for chain extension treatment of polyesters is provided in the article "Recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) chain extension by a reactive extrusion process,"
Firas Awaja, Fugen Daver, Edward Kosior, 16 August 2004, available at httafp/doi.orW10.1002Lapn.20155, which is incorporated herein by reference. As explained in US 1009/0264545, which is incorporated herein by reference, chain extenders generally are typically compounds that are at least di-functional with respect to reactive groups which can react with end groups or functional groups in the polyester to extend the length of the polymer chains. In certain cases, as disclosed herein, such a treatment can advantageously increases the average molecular weight of the polyester to improve its melt strength and/or other important properties. The degree of chain extension achieved is related, at least in part, to the structure and functionalities of the compounds used. Various compounds are useful as chain extenders. Non-limiting examples of chain extenders include trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), trimellitic acid, haloformyl derivatives thereof, or compounds containing multi-functional epoxy (e.g., glycidyl), or oxazoline functional groups.
Nanocomposite material such as finely dispersed nanoclay may optionally be used for controlling viscosity.
Commercial chain extenders include CESA-Extend from Clariant, Joncryl from BASF, or Lotader from Arkema. The amount of chain extender can vary depending on the type and molecular weight of the polyester components. The amount of chain extender used to treat the polymer can vary widely, and in preferred embodiments ranges from about 0.1 to about 5 wt. %, or preferably from about 0.1 to about 1.5 wt. %. Examples of chain extenders are also described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,219,527, which is incorporated herein by reference.
An example of the process for SSP processing of poly(ethylene furanoate) is provided in the article "Solid-State Polymerization of Poly(ethylene furanoate) Biobased Polyester, I: Effect of Catalyst Type on Molecular Weight Increase,"
Nejib Kasmi, Mustapha Majdoub, George Z. Papageorgiou, Dimitris S. Achilias, and Dimitrios N.
Bikiaris, which is incorporated herein by reference.
The PEF thermoplastic polymers which are especially advantageous for making foamable compositions and foams of the present invention are identified in the following Thermoplastic Polymer Table (Table 2), wherein all numerical values in the table are understood to be preceded by the word "about."

Thermoplastic Polymer Ethylene furanoate Tannin moieties, Other moieties, MW, Crystallinity, %
(TPP) Number moieties, wt% wt% wt% Kg/mol TPPlA 100 0 0 25 ¨ 180 25 ¨ 100 TPP1B 100 0 0 25 - 75 30 ¨

TPP1C 100 0 0 80 ¨ 130 30 ¨ 60 TPP1D 100 0 0 90 ¨ 120 35 ¨ 50 Thermoplastic Polymer Ethylene furanoate Tannin moieties, Other moieties, MW, Crystallinity, '3/0 (TPP) Number moieties, wt% wt% wt% Kg/mol TPPlE 100 0 0 90 ¨ 110 35 ¨ 45 TPP2A 85 to <100 >0 to< 15 0 25 ¨ 180 25 ¨ 100 TPP2B 85 to <100 >Oto< 15 0 25 ¨ 75 30 ¨

TPP2C 85 to <100 >0 to < 15 0 80 ¨ 130 30 ¨60 TPP2D 85 to <100 >0 to < 15 0 90 ¨ 120 35 ¨ 50 TPP2E 135 to <100 >0 to< 15 0 90 ¨ 110 35 ¨ 45 TPP3A 5 to 95 0 5 to 95 25 ¨ 180 25 ¨ 100 TPP3B 5 to 95 0 5 to 95 25 ¨ 75 30 ¨

TPP3C 5 to 95 0 5 to 95 80 ¨ 130 30 ¨ 60 TPP3D 5 to 95 0 5 to 95 90 ¨ 120 35 ¨ 50 TPP3E 5 to 95 0 5 to 95 90 ¨ 110 35 ¨ 45 TPP4A 5 to 95 >0 - < 15 5 to 95 25 ¨ 180 25 ¨ 100 TPP4B 5 to 95 >0 - < 15 5 to 95 25 ¨ 75 30 ¨ 60 TPP4C 5 to 95 >0 - < 15 5 to 95 80 ¨ 130 30 ¨ 60 TPP4D 5 to 95 >0 - < 15 5 to 95 90 ¨ 120 35 ¨ 50 TPP4E 5 to 95 >0 - < 15 5 to 95 90 ¨ 110 35 ¨ 45 TPP5A 10 0 90 25 ¨ 180 25 ¨ 100 TPP5B 10 0 90 25 ¨ 75 30 ¨

TPP5C 10 0 90 80 ¨ 130 30 ¨ 60 TPP5D 10 0 90 90 ¨ 120 35 ¨ 50 TPP5E 10 0 90 90 ¨ 110 35 ¨ 45 TPP6A 90 0 10 25 ¨ 180 25 ¨ 100 TPP6B 90 0 10 25 ¨ 75 30 ¨

TPP6C 90 0 10 80 ¨ 130 30 ¨ 60 TPP6D 90 0 10 90 ¨ 120 35 ¨ 50 TPP6E 90 0 10 90 ¨ 110 35 ¨ 45 For the purposes of definition of terms used herein, it is to be noted that reference will be made at various locations herein to the thermoplastic polymers identified in the first column in each of rows in the TPP table above, and reference to each of these numbers is a reference to a thermoplastic polymer as defined in the corresponding columns of that row. Reference to a group of TPPs that have been defined in the table above by reference to a TPP number means separately and individually each such numbered TPP, including each TPP having the indicated number, including any such number that has a suffix. So for example, reference to TPP1 is a separate and independent reference to TPP1A, TPP1B, TPP1C, TPP1D
and TPP1E. Reference to TPP1 ¨ TPP2 is a separate and independent reference to TPP1A, TPP1B, TPP1C, TPP1D, TTP1E, TPP2A, TPP2B, TPP2C, TPP1D and TTP1E. This use convention is used for the Foamable Composition Table and the Foam Table below as well.
Blowing Agent As explained in detail herein, the present invention includes, but is not limited to, applicant's discovery that a select group of blowing agents are capable of providing foamable PEE foamable compositions and PEE foams having a difficult to achieve a surprising combination of physical properties, including low density as well as good mechanical strength properties.
The blowing agent used in accordance with of the present invention preferably comprises one or more hydrohaloolefins having three or four carbon atoms. For the purposes of convenience, a blowing agent in accordance with this paragraph is sometimes referred to herein as Blowing Agent 1.
The blowing agent used in accordance with of the present invention preferably comprises one or more of 1234ze, 1234yf, 1336mzz(Z), 1336mzz(E),1233zd and 1224yd (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 2); or comprises one or more of trans1234ze, 1336mzz(Z), 1336mzz(E), trans1233zd and ci51224yd (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 3) ; or comprises one or more of trans1234ze, 1336mzz(Z), 1336mzz(E), 1rans1233zd and cis1224yd (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 4) ; or comprises one or more of t1ans1234ze and 1224yd (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 5); or comprises 1224yd(Z) (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 6); ; or comprises1234yf(referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 7) ; or comprises 1224yd (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 8) ; or comprises trans1233zd (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 9).
It is thus contemplated that the blowing agent of the present invention, including each of Blowing Agents 1 ¨ 9, can include, in addition to each of the above-identified blowing agent(s), co-blowing agent including in one or more of the optional potential co-blowing agents as described below. In preferred embodiments, the present foamable compositions, foams. and foaming methods include a blowing agent as described according described herein, wherein the indicated blowing agent (including the compound or group of compound(s) specifically identified in each of Blowing Agent 1 ¨ 9) is present in an amount, based upon the total weight of all blowing agent present, of at least about 50% by weight, or preferably at least about 60%
by weight, preferably at least about 70% by weight, or preferably at least about 80% by weight, or preferably at least about 90% by weight, or preferably at least about 95%
by weight, or preferably at least about 99% by weight, based on the total of all blowing agent components.
The blowing agent used in accordance with of the present invention also preferably consists essentially of one or more of 1234ze, 1234yf, 1336mzz(Z), 1233zd and 1224yd (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 10); or consists essentially of one or more of trans1234ze, 1336mzz(Z), trans1233zd and cis1224yd (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 11); or consists essentially of one or more of trans1234ze, 1336mzz(Z), trans1233zd and cis1224yd (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 12); or consists essentially of one or more of tran51234ze and 1224yd (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 13); or consists essentially of trans1234ze (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 14); or consists essentially of 1336mzz(Z) (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 15); or consists essentially of 1336mzz (E) (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 16); or consists essentially of 1234yf (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 17); or consists essentially of 1224yd (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 18);
or consists essentially of trans1233zd (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 19).
It is contemplated and understood that blowing agent of the present invention, including each of Blowing Agents 1 ¨ 19, can include one or more co-blowing agents which are not included in the indicated selection, provided that such co-blowing agent in the amount used does not interfere with or negate the ability to achieve relatively low-density foams as described herein, including each of Foams 1 ¨ 6, and preferably further does not interfere with or negate the ability to achieve foam with mechanical strengths properties as described herein. It is contemplated, therefore, that given the teachings contained herein a person of skill in the art will be able to select, by way of example, one or more of the following potential co-blowing agents for use with a particular application without undue experimentation: one or more saturated hydrocarbons or hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), particularly C4-C6 hydrocarbons or C1-C4 H FCs, that are known in the art. Examples of such HFC co-blowing agents include, but are not limited to, one or a combination of difluoromethane (HFC-32), fluoroethane (HFC-161), difluoroethane (HFC-152), trifluoroethane (HFC-143), tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134), pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), pentafluoropropane (HFC-245), hexafluoropropane (HFC-236), heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea), pentafluorobutane (HFC-365), hexafluorobutane (HFC-356) and all isomers of all such HFC's. With respect to hydrocarbons, the present blowing agent compositions also may include in certain preferred embodiments, for example, iso, normal and/or cyclopentane and butane and/or isobutane. Other materials, such as water, 002, CFCs (such as trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) and dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12)), hydrochlorocarbons (HCCs such as dichloroethylene (preferably trans-dichloroethylene), ethyl chloride and chloropropane), HCFCs, 01-05 alcohols (such as, for example, ethanol and/or propanol and/or butanol), aldehydes, C1-C4 ketones, C1-C4 ethers (including ethers (such as dimethyl ether and diethyl ether), diethers (such as dimethoxy methane and diethoxy methane)), and methyl formate, organic acids (such as but not limited to formic acid), including combinations of any of these may be included, although such components are not necessarily preferred in many embodiments due to negative environmental impact.
The blowing agent used in accordance with of the present invention also preferably consists of one or more of 1234ze, 1234yf, 1336mzz(Z) , 1233zd and 1224yd (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 20); or consists of one or more of trans1234ze, 1336mzz(Z), trans1233zd and cis1224yd (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 21); or consists of one or more of trans1234ze, trans1336mzz(Z), trans1233zd and cis1224yd (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 22); or consists of one or more of trans1234ze and 1224yd (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 23); or consists of 1224yd(Z) (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 24); or consists of t1224yd(E) (referred to hereinafter for convenience as Blowing Agent 25).
Foams and Foaming Process The foams of the present invention may generally be formed from a foamable composition of the present invention. In general, the foamable compositions of the present invention may be formed by combining a PEF polymer with a blowing agent of the present invention, including each of Blowing Agents 1 ¨ 25.
Foamable compositions that are included within the present invention, and which provide particular advantage in connection with forming the foams of the present invention, are described in the following Foamable Composition Table (Table 3), in which all numerical values in the table are understood to be preceded by the word "about" and in which the following terms used in the table have the following meanings:

CBAG1 means co-blowing agent selected from the group consisting of 1234ze(E),1336mzz(E), 1336mzzm(Z), 1233zd(E), 1234yf and combinations of two or more of these.
CBAG2 means co-blowing agent selected from the group consisting of water, 002, Cl ¨
06 hydrocarbons (HCs) HCFCs, Cl ¨05 H FCs, C2 ¨04 hydrohaloolefins, C1-05 alcohols, C1-C4 aldehydes, C1-C4 ketones, C1-C4 ethers, Cl ¨ 04 esters, organic acids and combinations of two or more of these.
CCBAG3 means co-blowing agent selected from the group consisting of water, CO2, isobutane, n-butane, isopentane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, trans-dichloroethylene, ethanol, propanol, butanol, acetone, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dimethoxy methane, diethoxy methane, methyl formate, difluoromethane (HFC-32), fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a), trifluoroethane (HFC-143), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), pentafluoropropane (HFC-245), hexafluoropropane (HFC-236), heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea), pentafluorobutane (HFC-365), hexafluorobutane (HFC-356), and combinations of any two or more of these.
NR means not required.

Foamable Foamable Composition Components Composition Number Blowing Agent(s) and Amounts, wt% of All Blowing Agents Polymer, TPP No. Blowing Agent 1 (BA1) Wt% BA! Co Blowing Agent(s) (CB) Wt% CB
FC1A1 TPPlA 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1B1 TPP1B 1224yd 100 NR
FC1C1 TPP1C 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1D1 TPP1D 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1E1 TPPlE 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1A2 TPP2A 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1B2 TPP2B 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1C2 TPP2C 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1D2 TPP2D 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1E2 TPP2E 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1A3 TPP3A 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1B3 TPP3B 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1C3 TPP3C 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1113 TPP3D 1224yd 100 NR 0 Foamable Foamable Composition Components Composition Number Blowing Agent(s) and Amounts, wt% of All Blowing Agents Polymer, TPP No. Blowing Agent 1 (BA1) Wt% BA1 Co Blowing Agent(s) (CB) Wt% CB
FC1E3 TPP3E 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1A4 TPP4A 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1B4 TPP4B 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1C4 TPP4C 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1D4 TPP4D 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1E4 TPP4E 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1A5 TPP5A 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1B5 TPP5B 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1C5 TPP5C 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1D5 TPP5D 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1E5 TPP5E 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1A6 TPP6A 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1B6 TPP6B 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1C6 IPP6C 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1D6 TPP6D 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC1E6 TPP6E 1224yd 100 NR 0 FC2A1 TPPlA 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG1 5 -FC2B1 TPP1B 1224yd 5-95 CBAG1 5-FC2C1 TPP1C 1224yd 5 -95 CBAG1 5 -FC2D1 TPP1D 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG1 5 -FC2E1 TPPlE 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG1 5 -FC2A2 TPP2A 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG1 5 -FC2B2 TPP2B 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG1 5 -FC2C2 TPP2C 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG1 5 -FC2D2 TPP2D 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG1 5 -FC2E2 TPP2E 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG1 5 -FC2A3 TPP3A 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG1 5 -FC2B3 TPP3B 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG1 5 -FC2C3 TPP3C 1224yd 5 -95 CBAG1 5 -FC2D3 IPP3D 1224yd 5 - 95 CBACil 5 -FC2E3 TPP3E 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAGI 5 -Foamable Foamable Composition Components Composition Number Blowing Agent(s) and Amounts, wt% of All Blowing Agents Polymer, TPP No. Blowing Agent 1 (BA1) Wt% BA1 Co Blowing Agent(s) (CB) Wt% CB
FC2A4 TPP4A 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG1 5 -FC2B4 TPP4B 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAGI 5 -FC2C4 TPP4C 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAGI 5 -FC2D4 TPP4D 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG1 5 -FC2E4 TPP4E 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAGI 5 -FC2A5 TPP5A 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AGI 5 -FC2B5 TPP5B 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG1 5 -FC2C5 TPP5C 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAGI 5 -FC2D5 TPP5D 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAGI 5 -FC2E5 TPP5E 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG1 5 -FC2A6 TPP6A 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AGI 5 -FC2B6 TPP6B 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAGI 5 -FC2C6 TPP6C 1224yd 5 -95 CB A G1 5 -FC2D6 IPP6D 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG1 5 -FC2E6 TPP6E 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG1 5 -FC3A1 TPPlA 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG2 5 -FC3B1 TPP1B 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG2 5 -FC3C1 TPP1C 1224yd 5 -95 CBAG2 5 -FC3D1 TPP1D 1224yd 5 -95 CBAG2 5 -FC3E1 TPPlE 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG2 5 -FC3A2 TPP2A 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG2 5 -FC3B2 TPP2B 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG2 5 -FC3C2 TPP2C 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG2 5 -FC3D2 TPP2D 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG2 5 -FC3E2 TPP2E 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG2 5 -FC3A3 TPP3A 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG2 5 -FC3B3 TPP3B 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG2 5 -FC3C3 TPP3C 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG2 5 -FC3113 TPP3D 1224yd 5 -95 CBAG2 5 -FC3E3 IPP3E 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG2 5 -FC3A4 TPP4A 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG2 5 -Foamable Foamable Composition Components Composition Number Blowing Agent(s) and Amounts, wt% of All Blowing Agents Polymer, TPP No. Blowing Agent 1 (BA1) Wt% BA1 Co Blowing Agent(s) (CB) Wt% CB
FC3B4 TPP4B 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG2 5 -FC3C4 TPP4C 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG2 5 -FC3D4 TPP4D 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG2 5 -FC3E4 TPP4E 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG2 5 -FC3A5 TPP5A 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG2 5 -FC3B5 TPP5B 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG2 5 -FC3C5 TPP5C 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG2 5 -FC3D5 TPP5D 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG2 5 -FC3E5 TPP5E 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG2 5 -FC3A6 TPP6A 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG2 5 -FC3B6 TPP6B 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG2 5 -FC3C6 TPP6C 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG2 5 -FC3116 TPP6D 1224yd 5 -95 CB A G2 5 -FC31:6 IPP61: 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG2 5 -FC4A1 TPPlA 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -FC4B1 TPP1B 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -FC4C1 TPP1C 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -FC4D1 TPP1D 1224yd 5-95 CB AG3 5-FC4E1 TPPlE 1224yd 5 -95 CB AG3 5 -FC4A2 TPP2A 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -FC4B2 TPP2B 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -FC4C2 TPP2C 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -FC4D2 TPP2D 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -FC4E2 TPP2E 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -FC4A3 TPP3A 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -FC4B3 TPP3B 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -FC4C3 TPP3C 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -FC4113 TPP3D 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -FC4E3 TPP3E 1224yd 5 -95 CB AG3 5 -FC4A4 IPP4A 1224yd 5 - 95 C13AG3 5 -FC4B4 TPP4B 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG3 5 -Foamable Foamable Composition Components Composition Number Blowing Agent(s) and Amounts, wt% of All Blowing Agents Polymer, TPP No. Blowing Agent 1 (BA1) Wt% BA1 Co Blowing Agent(s) (CB) Wt% CB
FC4C4 TPP4C 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -FC4D4 TPP4D 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -FC4E4 TPP4E 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -FC4A5 TPP5A 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -FC4B5 TPP5B 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -FC4C5 TPP5C 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -EC4D5 TPP5D 1224yd 5 - 95 CBAG3 5 -FC4E5 TPP5E 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -FC4A6 TPP6A 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -FC4B6 TPP6B 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -FC4C6 TPP6C 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -FC4D6 TPP6D 1224yd 5 - 95 CB AG3 5 -FC4E6 TPP6E 1224yd 5 -95 CB A G3 5 -FC5A1 IPPlA 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5B1 TPP1B 1224yd 5 - 95 isopcntanc 5 -FC5C1 TPP1C 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5D1 TPP1D 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5E1 TPPlE 1224yd 5 -95 isopentane 5 -FC5A2 TPP2A 1224yd 5 -95 i sope lila ne 5 -FC5B2 TPP2B 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5C2 TPP2C 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5D2 TPP2D 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5E2 TPP2E 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5A3 TPP3A 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5B3 TPP3B 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5C3 TPP3C 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5D3 TPP3D 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5E3 TPP3E 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5A4 TPP4A 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5B4 IPP4B 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5C4 TPP4C 1224yd 5 - 95 isopcntanc 5 -Foamable Foamable Composition Components Composition Number Blowing Agent(s) and Amounts, wt% of All Blowing Agents Polymer, TPP No. Blowing Agent 1 (BA1) Wt% BA1 Co Blowing Agent(s) (CB) Wt% CB
FC5D4 TPP4D 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5E4 TPP4E 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5A5 TPP5A 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5B5 TPP5B 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5C5 TPP5C 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5D5 TPP5D 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5E5 TPP5E 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5A6 TPP6A 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5B6 TPP6B 1224yd 5 - 95 isopcntanc 5 -FC5C6 TPP6C 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5D6 TPP6D 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC5E6 TPP6E 1224yd 5 - 95 isopentane 5 -FC6A1 TPPlA 1224yd 5-95 1234ze(E) 5-FC6B1 IPP113 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6C1 TPP1C 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6D1 TPP1D 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6E1 TPPlE 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6A2 TPP2A 1224yd 5-95 1234ze(E) 5-FC6B2 TPP2B 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6C2 TPP2C 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6D2 TPP2D 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6E2 TPP2E 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6A3 TPP3A 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6B3 TPP3B 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6C3 TPP3C 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6D3 TPP3D 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6E3 TPP3E 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6A4 TPP4A 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6B4 TPP4B 1224yd 5 -95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6C4 IPP4C 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6114 TPP4D 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -Foamable Foamable Composition Components Composition Number Blowing Agent(s) and Amounts, wt% of All Blowing Agents Polymer, TPP No. Blowing Agent 1 (BA1) Wt% BA1 Co Blowing Agent(s) (CB) Wt% CB
FC6E4 TPP4E 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6A5 TPP5A 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6B5 TPP5B 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6C5 TPP5C 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6D5 TPP5D 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6E5 TPP5E 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6A6 TPP6A 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6B6 TPP6B 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6C6 TPP6C 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6D6 TPP6D 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -FC6E6 TPP6E 1224yd 5 - 95 1234ze(E) 5 -Foam Forming Methods It is contemplated that any one or more of a variety of known techniques for forming a thermoplastic foam can be used in view of the disclosures contained herein to form a foam of the present invention, including each of Foams 1 ¨ 6 and each of foams Fl ¨ F6, and all such techniques and all foams formed thereby or within the broad scope of the present invention. For clarity, it will be noted that definition of the foams in the Table below all begin with only the letter F, in contrast to the foams defined by the paragraphs in the summary above, which begin with the capitalized word Foam.
In general, the forming step involves first introducing into a PEF polymer of the present invention, including each of TPP1 ¨ TPP6, a blowing agent of the present invention, including each of Blowing Agents 1 ¨ 31, to form a foamable PEF
composition comprising PEF and blowing agent. One example of a preferred method for forming a foamable PEF composition of the present invention is to plasticize the PEF, preferably comprising heating the PEF to its melt temperature, preferably above its melt temperature, and thereafter exposing the PEF melt to the blowing agent under conditions effective to incorporate (preferably by solubilizing) the desired amount of blowing agent into the polymer melt.
In preferred embodiments, the foaming methods of the present invention comprising providing a foamable composition of the present invention, including each of FC1 ¨ FC6 and foaming the provided foamable composition. In preferred embodiments, the foaming methods of the present invention comprising providing a foamable composition of the present invention, including each of FC1 ¨ FC6, and extruding the provided foamable composition to form a foam of the present invention, including each of Foams 1 ¨ 6 and each of foams Fl ¨ F6.
Foaming processes of the present invention can include batch, semi-batch, continuous processes, and combinations of two or more of these. Batch processes generally involve preparation of at least one portion of the foamable polymer composition, including each of FC1 ¨ FC6, in a storable state and then using that portion of foamable polymer composition at some future point in time to prepare a foam.
Semi-batch process involves preparing at least a portion of a foamable polymer composition, including each of FC1 ¨ FC6, and intermittently expanding that foamable polymer composition into a foam including each of Foams 1 ¨ 6 and each of foams Fl ¨
F6, all in a single process. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,323,528, herein incorporated by reference, discloses a process for making thermoplastic foams via an accumulating extrusion process. The present invention thus includes processes that comprises: 1) mixing PEF thermoplastic polymer, including each of TPP1 ¨ TPP6, and a blowing agent of the present invention, including each of Blowing Agents 1 ¨ 31, under conditions to form a foamable PEF composition; 2) extruding the foamable PEF
composition, including each of FC1 ¨ FC6, into a holding zone maintained at a temperature and pressure which does not allow the foamable composition to foam, where the holding zone preferably comprises a die defining an orifice opening into a zone of lower pressure at which the foamable polymer composition, including each of FC1 ¨ FC6, foams and an openable gate closing the die orifice; 3) periodically opening the gate while substantially concurrently applying mechanical pressure by means of a movable ram on the foamable polymer composition, including each of FC1 ¨ FC6, to eject it from the holding zone through the die orifice into the zone of lower pressure, and 4) allowing the ejected foamable polymer composition to expand, under the influence of the blowing agent, to form the foam, including each of Foams 1 ¨ 6 and each of foams Fl ¨ F6.
The present invention also can use continuous processes for forming the foam.
By way of example such a continuous process involves forming a foamable PEF
composition, including each of FC1 ¨ FC6, and then expanding that foamable PEF

composition without substantial interruption. For example, a foamable PEF
composition, including each of FC1 ¨ FC6, may be prepared in an extruder by heating the selected PEF polymer resin, including each of TPP1 ¨ TPP6, to form a PEF melt, incorporating into the PEF melt a blowing agent of the present invention, including each of Blowing Agents 1 ¨ 31, preferably by solubilizing the blowing agent into the PEF melt, at an initial pressure to form a foamable PEF composition comprising a substantially homogeneous combination of PEF and blowing agent, including each of FC1 ¨ FC6, and then extruding that foamable PEF composition through a die into a zone at a selected foaming pressure and allowing the foamable PEE composition to expand into a foam, including each of Foams 1 ¨ 6 and each of foams Fl ¨ E6 described below, under the influence of the blowing agent. Optionally, the foamable PEF composition which comprises the PEF polymer, including each of FC1 ¨ FC6, and the incorporated blowing agent, including each of Blowing Agents 1 ¨ 31, may be cooled prior to extruding the composition through the die to enhance certain desired properties of the resulting foam, including each of Foams 1 ¨ 6 and each of foams Fl ¨ F6.
The methods can be carried out, by way of example, using extrusion equipment of the general type disclosed in Figure 1. In particular, the extrusion apparatus can include a raw material feed hopper 10 for holding the PEF polymer 15 of the present invention, including each of TPP1 ¨ TP P6, and one or more optional components (which may be added with the PEF in the hopper or optionally elsewhere in the process depending on the particular needs of the user). The feed materials 15, excluding the blowing agent, can be charged to the hopper and delivered to the screw extruder 10.
The extruder 20 can include thermocouples (not shown) located at three points along the length thereof and a pressure sensor (not shown) at the discharge end 20A
of the extruder. A mixer section 30 can be located at the discharge end 20A of the extruder for receiving blowing agent components of the present invention, including each of Blowing Agents 1 ¨ 31, via one or more metering pumps 40A and 40B and mixing those blowing agents into the PEF melt in the mixer section. Sensors (not shown) can be included for monitoring the temperature and pressure of the mixer section 30.
The mixer section 30 can then discharge the foam able composition melt of the present invention, including each of FC1 ¨ FC6, into a pair of melt coolers 50 oriented in series, with temperature sensors (not shown) located in each cooler to monitor the melt temperature. The melt is then extruded through a die 60, which also had temperature and pressure sensors (not shown) for monitoring the pressure and temperature at the die. The die pressure and temperature can be varied, according to the needs of each particular extrusion application to produce a foam 70 of the present invention, including each of including each of Foams 1 ¨ 6 (defined above) and each of foams Fl ¨
F6(defined below). The foam can then be carried away from the extrusion equipment by a conveyor belt 80.
The foamable polymer compositions of the present invention, including each of FC1 ¨ FC6, may optionally contain additional additives such as nucleating agents, cell-controlling agents, glass and carbon fibers, dyes, pigments, fillers, antioxidants, extrusion aids, stabilizing agents, antistatic agents, fire retardants, IR
attenuating agents and thermally insulating additives. Nucleating agents include, among others, materials such as talc, calcium carbonate, sodium benzoate, and chemical blowing agents such azodicarbonamide or sodium bicarbonate and citric acid.
IR attenuating agents and thermally insulating additives can include carbon black, graphite, silicon dioxide, metal flake or powder, among others. Flame retardants can include, among others, brominated materials such as hexabromocyclodecane and polybrominated biphenyl ether. Each of the above-noted additional optional additives can be introduced into the foam at various times and that various locations in the process according to known techniques, and all such additives and methods of addition or within the broad scope of the present invention.
Foams In preferred embodiments, the foams of the present invention are formed in a commercial extrusion apparatus and have the properties as indicated in the following Table 4, with the values being measured as described in the Examples hereof:

Broad First Second First Second Range Intermediate Intermediate Narrow Narrow Range Range Range Range Foam property Foam density, 0.05¨ .06 ¨ 0.14 .06 ¨ 0.14 0.06¨
0.06 ¨
g/cc3 (ISO 845) .16 0.11 0.11 Compressive 0.5 ¨ 0.6 ¨ 1.5 0.9 ¨ 2.3 0.6 ¨ 0.9 ¨ 1.7 Strength 2.5 1.1 (perpendicular to the plane) (ISO
844), Mpa Tensile strength 1.0 ¨ 1.2 ¨ 3.7 1.8 ¨ 5.6 1.2 ¨ 1.8 ¨4.7 perpendicular to 6.2 3.1 the plane (ASTM
C297), Mpa Average Cell Size, 10¨ 20 ¨ 150 20 ¨ 150 20 - 100 20 -(SEM) Foams that are included within the present invention and which provide particular advantage are described in the following Table 5, and in which all numerical values in the table are understood to be preceded by the word "about" and in which the designation NR means "not required."
TABLE 5¨ FOAM TABLE
Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell glee (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal FlAlA FCIAI >25 NR NR NR
FlIMA FC1B1 >25 NR NR NR
FlCIA FCICI >25 NR NR NR
F1DIA FCIDI >25 NR NR NR
F1E1A FC1E1 >25 NR NR NR
F1A2A FC1A2 >25 NR NR NR
F1B2A FC1B2 >25 NR NR NR
F1C2A FC1C2 >25 1\TR NR NR

Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density. Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell Wee' (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F1D2A FC1D2 >25 NR NR NR
F1E2A FC1E2 >25 NR NR NR
F1A3A FC1A3 >25 1\TR NR NR
Fl R3A FC1R3 >25 NR NR NR
F1C3A FC1C3 >25 NR NR NR
F1D3A FC1D3 >25 NR NR NR
Fl E3A FC1E3 >25 NR NR NR
F1A4A FC1A4 >25 NR NR NR
F1134A FC1134 >25 NR NR NR
F1C4A FC1C4 >25 NR NR NR
F1D4A FC1D4 >25 NR NR NR
F1E4A FC1E4 >25 NR NR NR
F1A5A FC1A5 >25 NR NR NR
F1B5A FC1B5 >25 1\TR NR NR
F1C5A FC1C5 >25 NR NR NR
F1D5A FC1D5 >25 NR NR NR
F1E5A FC1E5 >25 NR NR NR
F1A6A FC1A6 >25 NR NR NR
F1B6A FC1B6 >25 NR NR NR
Fl C6A FC1C6 >21 NR NR NR
Fl D6A FC1D6 >25 NR NR NR
F1E6A FC1E6 >25 NR NR NR
F2A1A FC2A1 >25 NR NR NR
F2B1A FC2B1 >25 NR NR NR
F2C1A FC2C1 >25 NR NR NR
F2D1A FC2D1 >25 NR NR NR
F2E1A FC2E1 >25 NR NR NR
F2A2A FC2A2 >25 NR NR NR
F2B2A FC2B2 >25 NR NR NR
F2C2A FC2C2 >25 1\TR NR NR
F2D2A FC2D2 >25 NR NR NR
F2E2A FC2E2 >25 NR NR NR

Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density. Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell Wee' (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F2A3A FC2A3 >25 NR NR NR
F2B3A FC2B3 >25 NR NR NR
F2C3A FC2C3 >25 1\TR NR NR
FNMA FC2D3 ->25 NR NR NR
F2E3A FC2E3 >25 NR NR NR
F2A4A FC2A4 >25 NR NR NR
F2B4A FC2B4 >25 NR NR NR
F2C4A FC2C4 >25 NR NR NR
F2D4A FC2D4 >25 NR NR NR
F2E4A FC2E4 >25 NR NR NR
F2A5A FC2A5 >25 NR NR NR
F2B5A FC2B5 >25 NR NR NR
F2C5A FC2C5 >25 NR NR NR
F2D5A FC2D5 >25 1\TR NR NR
F2E5A FC2E5 >25 NR NR NR
F2A6A FC2A6 >25 NR NR NR
F2B6A FC2B6 >25 NR NR NR
F2C6A FC2C6 >25 NR NR NR
F2D6A FC2D6 >25 NR NR NR
F2E6A FC2E6 ->25 NR NR NR
F3A1A FC3A1 >25 NR NR NR
F3B1A FC3B1 >25 NR NR NR
F3C1 A FC3C1 >25 NR NR NR
F3D1A FC3D1 >25 NR NR NR
F3E1A FC3E1 >25 NR NR NR
F3A2A FC3A2 >25 NR NR NR
F3B2A FC3B2 >25 NR NR NR
F3C2A FC3C2 >25 NR NR NR
F3D2A FC3D2 >25 NR NR NR
F3E2A FC3E2 >25 1\TR NR NR
F3A3A FC3A3 >25 NR NR NR
F3B3A FC3B3 >25 NR NR NR

Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density. Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell Wee' (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F3C3A FC3C3 >25 NR NR NR
F3D3A FC3D3 >25 NR NR NR
F3E3A FC3E3 >25 1\TR NR NR
F3 A4A FC3 A4 ->25 NR NR NR
F3B4A FC3B4 >25 NR NR NR
F3C4A FC3C4 >25 NR NR NR
F3D4A FC3D4 >25 NR NR NR
F3E4A FC3E4 >25 NR NR NR
F3A5A FC3A5 >25 NR NR NR
F3B5A FC3B5 >25 NR NR NR
F3C5A FC3C5 >25 NR NR NR
F3D5A FC3D5 >25 NR NR NR
F3E5A FC3E5 >25 NR NR NR
F3A6A FC3A6 >25 NR NR NR
F3B6A FC3B6 >25 NR NR NR
F3C6A FC3C6 >25 NR NR NR
F3D6A FC3D6 >25 NR NR NR
F3E6A FC3E6 >25 NR NR NR
F4A1A FC4A1 >25 NR NR NR
F4B1A FC4B1 >25 NR NR NR
F4C1A FC4C1 >25 NR NR NR
F4D1A FC4D1 >25 NR NR NR
F4E1 A FC4E1 >25 NR NR NR
F4A2A FC4A2 >25 NR NR NR
F4B2A FC4B2 >25 NR NR NR
F4C2A FC4C2 >25 NR NR NR
F4 D2A FC4D2 >25 NR NR NR
F4E2A FC4E2 >25 NR NR NR
F4A3A FC4A3 >25 NR NR NR
F4B3A FC4B3 >25 NR NR NR
FC4C3A FC4C3 >25 NR NR NR
F4D3A FC4D3 >25 NR NR NR

Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density. Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell Wee' (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F4E3A FC4E3 >25 NR NR NR
F4A4A FC4A4 >25 NR NR NR
F4B4A FC4B4 >25 NR NR NR
F4C4A FC4C4 >25 NR NR NR
F4D4A FC4D4 >25 NR NR NR
F4E4A FC4E4 >25 NR NR NR
F4A5A FC4A5 >25 NR NR NR
F4B5A FC4B5 >25 NR NR NR
F4C5A FC4C5 >25 NR NR NR
F4D5A FC4D5 >25 NR NR NR
F4E5A FC4E5 >25 NR NR NR
F4A6A FC4A6 >25 NR NR NR
F4B6A FC4B6 >25 NR NR NR
F4C6A FC4C6 >25 NR NR NR
F4D6A FC4D6 >25 NR NR NR
F4E6A FC4E6 >25 NR NR NR
F5A1A FC5A1 >25 NR NR NR
F5B1A FC5B1 >25 NR NR NR
F5C1A FC5C1 >25 NR NR NR
F5D1 A FC5D1 ->25 NR NR NR
F5E1A FC5E1 >25 NR NR NR
F5A2A FC5A2 >25 NR NR NR
F5B2A FC5B2 >25 NR NR NR
F5C2A FC5C2 >25 NR NR NR
F5D2A FC5D2 >25 NR NR NR
F5E2A FC5E2 >25 NR NR NR
F5A3A FC5A3 >25 NR NR NR
F5B3A FC5B3 >25 NR NR NR
F5C3A FC5C3 >25 NR NR NR
F5D3A FC5D3 >25 1\TR NR NR
F5E3A FC5E3 >25 NR NR NR
F5A4A FC5A4 >25 NR NR NR

Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density. Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell Wee' (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F5B4A FC5B4 >25 NR NR NR
F5C4A FC5C4 >25 NR NR NR
F5D4A FC5D4 >25 1\TR NR NR
F5F4A FCSE4 ->25 NR NR NR
F5A5A FC5A5 >25 NR NR NR
F5B5A FC5B5 >25 NR NR NR
F5C5A FC5C5 >25 NR NR NR
F5D5A FC5D5 >25 NR NR NR
F5E5A FC5E5 >25 NR NR NR
F5A6A FC5A6 >25 NR NR NR
F5B6A FC5B6 >25 NR NR NR
F5C6A FC5C6 >25 NR NR NR
F5D6A FC5D6 >25 NR NR NR
F5E6A FC5E6 >25 1\TR NR NR
F6A1A FC6A1 >25 NR NR NR
F6B1A FC6B1 >25 NR NR NR
F6C1A FC6C1 >25 NR NR NR
F6D1A FC6D1 >25 NR NR NR
F6E1A FC6E1 >25 NR NR NR
F6A2A FC6A2 ->25 NR NR NR
F6B2A FC6B2 >25 NR NR NR
F6C2A FC6C2 >25 NR NR NR
F6D2A FC6D2 >25 NR NR NR
F6E2A FC6E2 >25 NR NR NR
F6A3A FC6A3 >25 NR NR NR
F6B3A FC6B3 >25 NR NR NR
F6C3A FC6C3 >25 NR NR NR
F6D3A FC6D3 >25 NR NR NR
F6E3A FC6E3 >25 NR NR NR
F6B4A FC6B4 >25 1\TR NR NR
F6C4A FC6C4 >25 NR NR NR
F6D4A FC6D4 >25 NR NR NR

Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F6E4A FC6E4 >25 NR NR NR
F6A5A FC6A5 >25 NR NR NR
F6B5A FC6B5 >25 NR NR NR
F6C5A FC6C5 >25 NR NR NR
F6 D5A FC6D5 >25 NR NR NR
F6E5A FC6E5 >25 NR NR NR
F6 A6A FC6A6 >25 NR NR NR
F6B6A FC6B6 >25 NR NR NR
F6 C6A FC6C6 >25 NR NR NR
F6 D6A FC6D6 >25 NR NR NR
F6E6A FC6E6 >25 NR NR NR
F1A1B FC1A1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F1B1B FC 1B1 NR <0.16 NR NR
Fl C1B FC1C1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F1D1B FC 1D1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F1E1B FC 1E1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F1A2B FC1A2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F1B2B FC1B2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F1C2B FC1C2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F1 112B FC1112 N12 <016 NR NR
F1E2B FC1E2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F1A3B FC1A3 NR <0.16 NR NR
Fl B3B FC 1B3 NR <0.16 NR NR
Fl C3B FC 1 C3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F1D3B FC1D3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F1E3B FC1E3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F1A4B FC 1A4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F1B4B FC1B4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F1C4B FC1C4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F1D4B FC1D4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F1E4B FC1E4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F1A5B FC1A5 NR <0.16 NR NR

Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F1B5B FC1B5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F1C5B FC1C5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F1D5B FC1D5 NR <0.16 NR NR
Fl E5B FC1E5 NR <016 NR NR
F1A6B FC1A6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F1B6B FC1B6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F1C6B FC1 C6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F1D6B FC1D6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F1E613 FC1E6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2A1B FC2A1 NR <016 NR NR
F2B1B FC2B1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2C1B FC2C1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2D1B FC2D1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2E1B FC2E1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2A2B FC2A2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2B2B FC2B2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2 C2B FC2C2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2D2B FC2D2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2E2B FC2E2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2A3B FC2A3 NR <016 NR NR
F2B3B FC2B3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2 C3B FC2C3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2D3B FC2D3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2E3B FC2E3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2A4B FC2A4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2B4B FC2B4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2 C4B FC2C4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2D4B FC2D4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2E4B FC2E4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2A5B FC2A5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2B5B FC2B5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2 C5B FC2C5 NR <0.16 NR NR

Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F2D5B FC2D5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2E5B FC2E5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2A6B FC2A6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2B6B FC2B6 NR <016 NR NR
F2C6B FC2C6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2D6B FC2D6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F2E6B FC2E6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3A1B FC3A1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3I3113 FC3131 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3C1B FC3C1 NR <016 NR NR
F3D1B FC3D1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3E1B FC3E1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3A2B FC3A2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3B2B FC3B2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3C2B FC3C2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3D2B FC3D2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3E2B FC3E2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3A3B FC3A3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3B3B FC3B3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3C3B FC3C3 NR <016 NR NR
F3D3B FC3D3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3E3B FC3E3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3 A4B FC3A4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3B4B FC3B4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3C4B FC3C4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3D4B FC3D4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3E4B FC3E4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3A5B FC3A5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3B5B FC3B5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3C5B FC3C5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3D5B FC3D5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3E5B FC3E5 NR <0.16 NR NR

Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F3A6B FC3A6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3B6B FC3B6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3C6B FC3C6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3D6B FC3D6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F3E6B FC3E6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4A1B FC4A1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4B1B FC4B1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4C1B FC4C1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4D1B FC4D1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4E1B FC4E1 NR <016 NR NR
F4A2B FC4A2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4B2B FC4B2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4C2B FC4C2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4D2B FC4D2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4E2B FC4E2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4A3B FC4A3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4B3B FC4B3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4C3B FC4C3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4D3B FC4D3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4E3B FC4E3 NR <016 NR NR
F4A4B FC4A4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4B4B FC4B4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4C4B FC4C4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4D4B FC4D4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4E4B FC4E4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4A5B FC4A5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4B5B FC4B5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4C5B FC4C5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4D51) FC4D5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4E5B FC4E5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4A6B FC4A6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4B6B FC4B6 NR <0.16 NR NR

Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F4C6B FC4C6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4D6B FC4D6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F4E6B FC4E6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5A1B FC5A1 NR <016 NR NR
F5B1B FC5B1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5C1B FC5C1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5D1B FC5D1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5E1B FC5E1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5A2B FC5A2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5B2B FC5B2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5C2B FC5C2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5D2B FC5D2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5E2B FC5E2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5A3B FC5A3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5B3B FC5B3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5C3B FC5C3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5D3B FC5D3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5E3B FC5E3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5A4B FC5A4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5B4B FC5B4 NR <016 NR NR
F5C4B FC5C4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5D4B FC5D4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5E4B FC5E4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5A5B FC5A5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5B5B FC5B5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5C5B FC5C5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5D5B FC5D5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5E5B FC5E5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5A61) FC5A6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5B6B FC5B6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5C6B FC5C6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F5D6B FC5D6 NR <0.16 NR NR

Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F5E6B FC5E6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6A1B FC6A1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6B1B FC6B1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6 C1B FC6C1 NR <016 NR NR
F6D1B FC6D1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6E1B FC6E1 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6 A2B FC6 A2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6B2B FC6B2 NP. <0 . 16 NP. NP.
F6 C2B FC6 C2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6D2B FC6D2 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6E2B FC6E2 NR <0.16 NP. NP.
F6A3B FC6A3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6B3B FC6B3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6 C3B FC6 C3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6D3B FC6D3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6E3B FC6E3 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6B4B FC6B4 NR <0.16 NP. NP.
F6 C4B FC6 C4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6D4B FC6D4 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6E4B FC6E4 NR <016 NR NR
F6A5B FC6A5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6B5B FC6B5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6 C5B FC6 C5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6D5B FC6D5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6E5B FC6E5 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6A6B FC6A6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6B6B FC6B6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6 C6B FC6 C6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6D61) FC6D6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F6E6B FC6E6 NR <0.16 NR NR
F 1A1C FC1A1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F1B1C FC 1B1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR

Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F1C1C FCIC1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F1D1C FC1D1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F1E1C FC1E1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
Fl A2C FC1 A2 NR 0 05 - 0 14 NR NR
F1B2C FC1B2 NR 0.05 -0.14 NR NR
F1C2C FC1C2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
Fl D2C FC1D2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F1E2C FC1E2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F1A3C FC1A3 NR 0.05 -0.14 NR NR

F1C3C FC1C3 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F1D3C FC1D3 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F1E3C FC1E3 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F1A4C FC1A4 NR 0.05 -0.14 NR NR
F1B4C FC1B4 NR 0.05 -0.14 NR NR
F1C4C FC1C4 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F1D4C FC1D4 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F1E4C FC1E4 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F1A5C FC1A5 NR 0.05 -0.14 NR NR

F1C5C FC1C5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F1D5C FC1D5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
Fl E5C FC1E5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F1A6C FC1A6 NR 0.05 -0.14 NR NR
F1B6C FC1B6 NR 0.05 -0.14 NR NR
F1C6C FC1C6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F1D6C FC1D6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F1E6C FC1E6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F2A1C FC2A1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F2B1C FC2B1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F2C1C FC2C1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F2D1C FC2D1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR

Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F2E1C FC2E1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F2A2C FC2A2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F2B2C FC2B2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR

F2D2C FC2D2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F2E2C FC2E2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F2A3C FC2A3 NR 0.05 -0.14 NR NR
F2B3C FC2B3 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F2C3C FC2C3 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F2D3C FC2D3 NR 005 -0.14 NR NR
F2E3C FC2E3 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F2A4C FC2A4 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F2B4C FC2B4 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F2C4C FC2C4 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F2D4C FC2D4 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F2E4C FC2E4 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F2A5C FC2A5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F2B5C FC2B5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F2C5C FC2C5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR

F2E5C FC2E5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F2A6C FC2A6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F2B6C FC2B6 NR 0.05 -0.14 NR NR
F2C6C FC2C6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F2D6C FC2D6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F2E6C FC2E6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F3A1C FC3A1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F3B1C FC3B1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F3C1C FC3C1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F3D1C FC3D1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F3E1C FC3E1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F3A2C FC3A2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR

Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F3B2C FC3B2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F3C2C FC3C2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F3D2C FC3D2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR

F3A3C FC3A3 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F3B3C FC3B3 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F3C3C FC3C3 NR 0.05 -0.14 NR NR
F3D3C FC3D3 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F3E3C FC3E3 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F3A4C FC3A4 NR 005 -0.14 NR NR
F3B4C FC3B4 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F3C4C FC3C4 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F3D4C FC3D4 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F3E4C FC3E4 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F3A5C FC3A5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F3B5C FC3B5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F3C5C FC3C5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F3D5C FC3D5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F3E5C FC3E5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR

F3B6C FC3B6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F3C6C FC3C6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F3D6C FC3D6 NR 0.05 -0.14 NR NR
F3E6C FC3E6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4A1C FC4A1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4B1C FC4B1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4C1C FC4C1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4D1C FC4D1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4E1C FC4E1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4A2C FC4A2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4B2C FC4B2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4C2C FC4C2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR

Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F4D2C FC4D2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4E2C FC4E2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4A3C FC4A3 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR

F4C3C FC4C3 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4D3C FC4D3 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4E3C FC4E3 NR 0.05 -0.14 NR NR
F4A4C FC4A4 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4134C FC4134 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4C4C FC4C4 NR 005 -0.14 NR NR
F4D4C FC4D4 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4E4C FC4E4 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4A5C FC4A5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4B5C FC4B5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4C5C FC4C5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4D5C FC4D5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4E5C FC4E5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4A6C FC4A6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4B6C FC4B6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR

F4D6C FC4D6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F4E6C FC4E6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5A1C FC5A1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5B1C FC5B1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5C1C FC5C1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5D1C FC5D1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5E1C FC5E1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5A2C FC5A2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5B2C FC5B2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5C2C FC5C2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5D2C FC5D2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5E2C FC5E2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR

Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F5A3C FC5A3 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5B3C FC5B3 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5C3C FC5C3 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR

F5E3C FC5E3 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5A4C FC5A4 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5B4C FC5B4 NR 0.05 -0.14 NR NR
F5C4C FC5C4 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5D4C FC5D4 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5E4C FC5E4 NR 005 -0.14 NR NR
F5A5C FC5A5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5B5C FC5B5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5C5C FC5C5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5D5C FC5D5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5E5C FC5E5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5A6C FC5A6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5B6C FC5B6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5C6C FC5C6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F5D6C FC5D6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR

F6A1C FC6A1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F6B1C FC6B1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F6C1C FC6C1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F6D1C FC6D1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F6E1C FC6E1 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F6A2C FC6A2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F6B2C FC6B2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F6C2C FC6C2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F6D2C FC6D2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
FGE2C FCGE2 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F6A3C FC6A3 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F6B3C FC6B3 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR

Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F6C3C FC6C3 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F6D3C FC6D3 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F6E3C FC6E3 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR

F6C4C FC6C4 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F6D4C FC6D4 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F6E4C FC6E4 NR 0.05 -0.14 NR NR
F6A5C FC6A5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F6135C FC6135 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F6C5C FC6C5 NR 005 -0.14 NR NR
F6D5C FC6D5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F6E5C FC6E5 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F6A6C FC6A6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F6B6C FC6B6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F6C6C FC6C6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F6D6C FC6D6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
F6E6C FC6E6 NR 0.05 - 0.14 NR NR
FlAlD FC1A1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1B1D FC1B1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1D1D FC1D1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 FlElD FC1E1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 Fl A2D FC1A2 NR NR 0.6 -2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1B2D FC1B2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1C2D FC1C2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1D2D FC1D2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1E2D FC1E2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1A31) FC1A3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1B3D FC1B3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1C3D FC1C3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1D3D FC1D3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1E3D FC1E3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F1A4D FC1A4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1B4D FC1B4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0-6.2 F1C4D FC1C4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 Fl D41) FC1 D4 NR NR 0 6 - 2 5 1 0 -6 2 F1E4D FC1E4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1A5D FC1A5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 Fl B5D FC1B5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1C5D FC1C5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1D5D FC1D5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1A6D FC1A6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1B6D FC1B6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1C6D FC1C6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1D6D FC1D6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1E6D FC1E6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2A1D FC2A1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2B1D FC2B1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2C1D FC2C1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2D1D FC2D1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2E1D FC2E1 NR NR 0 6 - 2 5 1 0 - 6.2 F2A2D FC2A2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2B2D FC2B2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2C2D FC2C2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0- 6.2 F2D2D FC2D2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2E2D FC2E2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2A3D FC2A3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2B3D FC2B3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0-6.2 F2C31) FC2C3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2D3D FC2D3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2E3D FC2E3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2A4D FC2A4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2B4D FC2B4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F2C4D FC2C4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2D4D FC2D4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2E4D FC2E4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2A51) FC2A5 NR NR 0 6 - 2.5 1 0 - 6 2 F2B5D FC2B5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2C5D FC2C5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2D5D FC2D5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2E5D FC2E5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2A6D FC2A6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2C6D FC2C6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2D6D FC2D6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2E6D FC2E6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3A1D FC3A1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3B1D FC3B1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3C1D FC3C1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3D1D FC3D1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3E1D FC3E1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3A21) FC3A2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F31321) FC3132 NR NR 0 6 - 2 5 1 0 - 6.2 F3C2D FC3C2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3D2D FC3D2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3E2D FC3E2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0- 6.2 F3A3D FC3A3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3B3D FC3B3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3C3D FC3C3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3D3D FC3D3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3E3D FC3E3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3A4D FC3A4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3B4D FC3B4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3C4D FC3C4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3D4D FC3D4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F3E4D FC3E4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3A5D FC3A5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3B5D FC3B5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3C5I) FC3C5 NR NR 0 6 - 2.5 1 0 - 6.2 F3D5D FC3D5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3E5D FC3E5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3A6D FC3A6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3B6D FC3B6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3C6D FC3C6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3E6D FC3E6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4A1D FC4A1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4B1D FC4B1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4C1D FC4C1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4D1D FC4D1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4E1D FC4E1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4A2D FC4A2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4B2D FC4B2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4C21) FC4C2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4D21) FC4112 NR NR 0 6 - 2 5 1 0 - 6.2 F4E2D FC4E2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4A3D FC4A3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4B3D FC4B3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0- 6.2 FC4C3D FC4C3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4D3D FC4D3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4E3D FC4E3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4A4D FC4A4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4B4D FC4B4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4C4D FC4C4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4D4D FC4D4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4E4D FC4E4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4A5D FC4A5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F4B5D FC4B5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4C5D FC4C5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4D5D FC4D5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4E5D FC4E5 NR NR 0 6 - 2.5 1 0 - 6.2 F4A6D FC4A6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4B6D FC4B6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4C6D FC4C6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4D6D FC4D6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4E6D FC4E6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5B1D FC5B1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5C1D FC5C1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5D1D FC5D1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5E1D FC5E1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5A2D FC5A2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5B2D FC5B2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5C2D FC5C2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5D2D FC5D2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5E2D FC5E2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5A31) FC5A3 NR NR 0 6 - 2 5 1 0 - 6.2 F5B3D FC5B3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5C3D FC5C3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5D3D FC5D3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0- 6.2 F5E3D FC5E3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5A4D FC5A4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5B4D FC5B4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5C4D FC5C4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5D41) FC5D4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5E4D FC5E4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5A5D FC5A5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5B5D FC5B5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5C5D FC5C5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F5D5D FC5D5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5E5D FC5E5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5A6D FC5A6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5B61) FC5116 NR NR 0 6 - 2.5 1 0 - 6 2 F5C6D FC5C6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5D6D FC5D6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5E6D FC5E6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6A1D FC6A1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6B1D FC6B1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6D1D FC6D1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6E1D FC6E1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6A2D FC6A2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6B2D FC6B2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6C2D FC6C2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6D2D FC6D2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6E2D FC6E2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6A3D FC6A3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6B3D FC6B3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6C31) FC6C3 NR NR 0 6 - 2 5 1 0 - 6.2 F6D3D FC6D3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6E3D FC6E3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6B4D FC6B4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0- 6.2 F6C4D FC6C4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6D4D FC6D4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6E4D FC6E4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6A5D FC6A5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6B5D FC6B5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6C5D FC6C5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6D5D FC6D5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6E5D FC6E5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6A6D FC6A6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F6B6D FC6B6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6C6D FC6C6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6D6D FC6D6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6E61) FC6E6 NR NR 0.6- 2.5 1.0- 6.2 FlAlE FC1A1 >25% 0.05 -0.1 0.6- 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 FlBlE FC1B1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 Fl CIE FC1C1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0- 6.2 F1D1E FC1D1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 FlElE FC1E1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1A2E FC1A2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1B2E FC1B2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1C2E FC1C2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1D2E FC1D2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 FlE2E FC1E2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 Fl A3E FC1A3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1B3E FC1B3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1C3E FC1C3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 Fl D3E FC1D3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 Fl E3E FC1E3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1A4E FC1A4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1B4E FC1B4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1C4E FC1C4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1D4E FC1D4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1E4E FC1E4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1A5E FC1A5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1B5E FC1B5 NR NR 0.6 2.5 1.0 6.2 F1C5E FC1C5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1D5E FC1D5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1E5E FC1E5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1A6E FC1A6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1 C6[ FC1C6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F1D6E FC1D6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F1E6E FC1E6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2A1E FC2A1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2B1E FC2B1 NR NR 0.6- 2.5 1.0- 6.2 F2C1E FC2C1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2D1E FC2D1 NR NR 0.6- 2.5 1.0- 6.2 F2E1E FC2E1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2A2E FC2A2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2B2E FC2B2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2C2E FC2C2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2D2E FC2D2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2E2E FC2E2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2A3E FC2A3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2B3E FC2B3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2C3E FC2C3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2D3E FC2D3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2E3E FC2E3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2A4E FC2A4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2B4E FC2B4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2C4E FC2C4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2D4E FC2D4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2E4E FC2E4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2A5E FC2A5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2B5E FC2B5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2C5E FC2C5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2D5F FC2D5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2E5E FC2E5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2A6E FC2A6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2B6E FC2B6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2C6E FC2C6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0- 6.2 F21)6E 11221/6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F2E6E FC2E6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F3A1E FC3A1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3B1E FC3B1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3C1E FC3C1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3D1E FC3D1 NR NR 0.6- 2.5 1.0- 6.2 F3E1E FC3E1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3A2E FC3A2 NR NR 0.6- 2.5 1.0- 6.2 F3B2E FC3B2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3C2E FC3C2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3D2E FC3D2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3E2E FC3E2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3A3E FC3A3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3B3E FC3B3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3C3E FC3C3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3D3E FC3D3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3E3E FC3E3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3A4E FC3A4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3B4E FC3B4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3C4E FC3C4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3D4E FC3D4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3E4E FC3E4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3A5E FC3A5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3B5E FC3B5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3C5E FC3C5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3D5E FC3D5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3E5E FC3E5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3A6E FC3A6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3B6E FC3B6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3C6E FC3C6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3D6E FC3D6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F3E6E FC3E6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4A1E FC4A1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4B1E FC4B1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F4C1E FC4C1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4D1E FC4D1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4E1E FC4E1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4A2E FC4A2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4B2E FC4B2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4C2E FC4C2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4D2E FC4D2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4E2E FC4E2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4A3E FC4A3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4B3E FC4B3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4C3E FC4C3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4D3E FC4D3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4A4E FC4A4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4B4E FC4B4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4C4E FC4C4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4D4E FC4D4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4E4E FC4E4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4A5E FC4A5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4BSE FC4BS NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4C5E FC4C5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4D5E FC4D5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4E5E FC4E5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4A6E FC4A6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4B6E FC4B6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4C6E FC4C6 NR NR 0 6 - 2 5 1 0 - 6.2 F4D6E FC4D6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F4E6E FC4E6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5A1E FC5A1 NR NR 0 6 - 2 5 1 0 - 6.2 F5B1E FC5B1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5C1E FC5C1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5D1E FC5D1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F5E1E FC5E1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5A2E FC5A2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5B2E FC5B2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5C2E FC5C2 NR NR 0 6 - 2.5 1 0 - 6.2 F5112E FC5112 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5E2E FC5E2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5A3E FC5A3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5B3E FC5B3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5C3E FC5C3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5D3E FC5D3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5E3E FC5E3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5A4E FC5A4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5B4E FC5B4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5C4E FC5C4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5D4E FC5D4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5E4E FC5E4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5A5E FC5A5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5B5B FC5E5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5C5E FC5C5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5D5E FC5D5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0- 6.2 F5E5E FC5E5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5A6E FC5A6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5C6E FC5C6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0- 6.2 F5D6E FC5D6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F5E6E FC5E6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6A1E FC6A1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6B1E FC6B1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6C1E FC6C1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6D1E FC6D1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6E1E FC6E1 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6A2E FC6A2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 Foam Properties Foam Foamable % Closed Density, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, ((ASTM
Number Composition, No. Cell gicc3 (ISO 844), megapascal C297), megapascal F6B2E FC6E2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6C2E FC6C2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6D2E FC6D2 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6E2E FC6E2 NR NR 0.6- 2.5 10- 6.2 16A3E FC6A3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6B3E FC6B3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6C3E FC6C3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6D3E FC6D3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6E3E FC6E3 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6A4E FC6A4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6B4E FC6B4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6C4E FC6C4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6D4E FC6D4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6E4E FC6E4 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6A5E FC6A5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6B5E FC6B5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6C5E FC6C5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0- 6.2 F6D5E FC6D5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6E5E FC6E5 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6A6E FC6A6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0- 6.2 F6B6E FC6B6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6C6E FC6C6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6D6E FC6D6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0 - 6.2 F6E6E FC6E6 NR NR 0.6 - 2.5 1.0- 6.2 The foams of the present invention have wide utility. The present foams, including each of Foams 1 - 6 and foams Fl - F6, have unexpected advantage in applications requiring low density and/or good compression and/or tensile and/or shear properties, and/or long-term stability, and/or sustainable sourcing, and/or being made from recycled material and being recyclable. In particular, the present foams, including each of Foams 1 - 6 and each of foams Fl - F6, have unexpected advantage in: wind energy applications (wind turbine blades (shear webs, shells, cores, and nacelles); marine applications (hulls, decks, superstructures, bulkheads, stringers, and interiors); industrial low weight applications;
automotive and transport applications (interior and exterior of cars, trucks, trains, aircraft, and spacecraft).
EXAMPLES
Example 1 ¨ PEF PREPARATION AT MW 114,000 WITH PMDA CHAIN EXTENDER
AND SSP
A bio-based polyethylene furanoate homopolymer was prepared by esterification and polycondensation of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with mono ethylene glycol according to known methods to produce PEF homopolymer, which is then treated according to techniques corresponding to the techniques described in detail in Examples 47, 49 and 51 below, with the chain extender PMDA at 0.6% by weight and then subject to solid state polymerization according to known techniques to produce a PEF homopolymer. The PEF polymer was tested and found to have the following characteristicsl:
Molecular Weight¨ 114,000 Density (g/cc) ¨ 1.43 Glass Transition Temperature - 86 C
Melt Temperature - 214'C
Decomposition Temperature ¨ 347 C
Crystallinity - 46%
The PEF polymer so produced is referred to in these Examples as PEX1.
Example 1B ¨ CLOSED CELL PEF FOAMS FROM PEX1 OVER A RANGE OF
RELATIVE DENSITIES AND BLOWING AGENTS
The present invention includes the advantages formation of PEF foams having a high volume percentage of closed cells over a range of relative foam densities (RFDs) and using a range of blowing agents. Although applicant is not bound by any theory of operation, it is believed that one or more of the advantageous foam properties of the present invention arise, at least in part, as a result of the ability to form foams with high closed cell content. In particular, 1 Molecular weight as determined and referenced herein refers to molecular weight determination by diffusion ordered nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DOSY NMR) as per the description contained in "Application of 1H DOSY NMR in Measurement of Polystyrene Molecular Weights," VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology, Vol. 36, No. 2 (2020) 16-21 June 2020, Nam et al., with final fitting performed by two functions:
log D = Cr log M + log A (as per Grubb's Group, Macromolecules 2012, 45, 9595-9603) R2=0.977 and log D = a log M +13 [log (M)]2 + A (R2=0.998) with a final fit of the data as follows: a: 0.4816276533;13: -0.064669629A: -21.74524435. Decomposition temperature was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) based on ASTM E1131. Density of the polymer was measured in accordance with ASTM D71). The remaining properties, including crystallinity, were determined in accordance ASTM D3418 and ASTM E1356.

the following Table El B illustrates the volume percent closed cells for several foams made by applicant:
TABLE E1B ¨ FOAM CLOSED CELL CONTENT
FOAM COMPONENTS FOAM PROPERTIES DETAILED EXAMPLE
Polymer Blowing RFD Volume %
Agent Closed Cells*
PEX1 1243ze(E) 0.078 91 Example 4B
PEX1 1243ze(E) 0.036 92 Example 6 PEX1 1336nnzz(Z) 0.14 76 Example 26B
PEX1 1336mzz(Z) 0.13 67 Example 26B
PEX1 1233zd(E) 0.15 46 PEX1 isopentane 0.13 40 Example C2 *Volume % closed cells is determined herein by ASTM D6226.
Comparative Example 1 ¨ PEF FOAM PREPARATION USING PEX1 AND CO2 AS
BLOWING AGENT
1 gram of PEX1 in a glass container was loaded into a 60 cc autoclave and then dried for under vacuum for six (6) hours at 130 C. The dried polymer was then cooled to room temperature and placed in a glass container inside an autoclave. About 0.25 moles (11 grams) of CO2 blowing agent was then pumped into the autoclave containing the dried polymer, and then the autoclave was heated to bring the polymer to a melt state at a temperature of about 240 C and a pressure above about 610 psig. The polymer!002blowing agent was maintained in this melt state for about 1 hour and the temperature and pressure of the melt/blowing agent was then reduced over a period of about 5 ¨ 15 minutes to about 190 C and 610 psig (hereinafter referred to for convenience as pre-foaming temperature and pre-foaming pressure, respectively), and then maintained at about this temperature and pressure for a period of about 30 minutes to allow the amount of blowing agent incorporated into the melt under such conditions to reach equilibrium. The temperature and pressure in the autoclave were then reduced rapidly (over a period of about 10 seconds for the pressure reduction and about 1 ¨ 10 minutes for the temperature reduction using chilled water)) to ambient conditions (approximately 22"C and 1 atmosphere) and foaming occurred. The foam thus produced was tested to determine the following properties:
= compressive strength ("CS") (measured perpendicular to the plane (that was in direct contact with the blowing agent) in accordance with ISO 844) = compressive modulus ("CM") (measure perpendicular to the plane (that was in direct contact with the blowing agent) in accordance with ISO 844) = tensile strength ("TS") (measured perpendicular to the plane (that was in direct contact with the blowing agent) in accordance with ASTM C297) = tensile modulus ("TM") (measured perpendicular to the plane (that was in direct contact with the blowing agent) in accordance with ASTM C297) = relative foam density ("RFD").
As used herein, RFD is the density of the foam produced divided by the density of the starting polymer. Density is measured in these Examples using a method which corresponds generally to ASTM D71, except that hexane is used for displacement instead of water.
The foam produced in this Comparative Example 1 was tested and found to have the properties as reported in Table Cl below:
TABLE Cl RFD 0.25 TS, Megapascal (Mpa) 0.74 CS, Mpa 0.5 TM, Mpa 32 CM, Mpa 8 As reported above, the foam made using CO2 under the reported conditions had an RFD
of 0.25, that is, a density that was only 25% of the density of the starting polymer. This is a foam density that is too high for many important applications.
Example 2 - PEF FOAM PREPARATION USING PEX1 AND ci51224yd as BLOWING AGENT
Comparative Example 1 was repeated, except the CO2 blowing agent was replaced in the process with cis1224yd and the process conditions were modified in a manner to produce a foam having an RFD that was within about 15 relative percent of the RFD produced using CO2 in Comparative Example 1. The foam produced was tested to determine various properties, including strength and modulus properties compared to CO2, and was found to be dramatically superior in each of the measured properties, as reported in Table E2 below:

Ex Blowing RFD Avg. RELATIVE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES*
Agent Cell Size, pm RTS RTM RCS RCM
Cl CO2 0.25 189 1 1 1 1 2 Cis1224yd 0.22 128 1.61 1.68 2.02 2.38 *-The comparative strength and modulus results in this table are reported based on CO2 as the base-line value of 1 and are identified as RTS, RCS, RTM and RCM.
As can be seen from TABLE E2 above, the foam made using 0is1224yd was surprisingly superior to the foam made using CO2 based on each of the physical strength and modulus properties tested. For example, the foam made with cis1224yd produced a foam with both tensile and compressive modulus that is twice the value produced using CO2, while at the same time having compressive and tensile strengths that are more than 60% better than CO2. This result is unexpected.
Comparative Example 2¨ PEF FOAM PREPARATION USING PEX1 AND
CYCLOPENTANE AS BLOWING AGENT
1 gram of PEX1 in a glass container was loaded into an autoclave and then dried for under vacuum for six (6) hours at 130 C. The dried polymer was then cooled to room temperature and placed in a glass container inside an autoclave. About 0.25 moles (32.9 grams) of cyclopentane blowing agent was then pumped into the autoclave containing the dried polymer, and then the autoclave was heated to bring the polymer to a melt state at a temperature of about 240 C and a pressure above about 320 psig.
The polymer/isopentane blowing agent was maintained in this melt state for about 1 hour and the temperature and pressure of the melt/blowing agent was then reduced over a period of about 5 ¨ 15 minutes to about 190 C and 320 psig (hereinafter referred to for convenience as pre-foaming temperature and pre-foaming pressure, respectively), and then maintained at about this temperature and pressure for a period of about 30 minutes to allow the amount of blowing agent incorporated into the melt under such conditions to reach equilibrium. The temperature and pressure in the autoclave was then reduced rapidly (over a period of about 10 seconds for the pressure reduction and about 1 ¨ 10 minutes for the temperature reduction using chilled water) ) to ambient conditions (approximately 22 C and 1 atmosphere) and foaming occurred. The foam thus produced had a relatively acceptable foam structure and was tested to determine relative foam density (RFD) and strength and modulus properties. The RFD of the foam was 0.2.
Example 3 - PEF FOAM PREPARATION USING PEX1 AND cis1224yd as BLOWING AGENT
Comparative Example 2 was repeated, except: (i) the cylcopentane blowing agent was replaced in the process with cis1224yd; and (ii) the process conditions were modified in a manner to produce a foam having an RFD value that was within about 15% of the RFD produced using cyclopentane in Comparative Example 2. The foam produced was tested to determine various properties, including strength and modulus properties, and was found to be dramatically superior in each of the measured property, as reported in Table E3 below:

Ex Blowing RFD Avg. RELATIVE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Agent Cell Size, pm RTS RCS RTM RCM
C2 cyclopentane 0.20 1 1 1 1 3 Cis1224yd 0.22 130 2.16 1.42 1.05 1.45 As can be seen from TABLE E3 above, the foams made using ci51224yd were surprisingly and dramatically superior to the foam made using cyclopentane in terms of all of the physical strength and modulus properties tested. For example, the foam made with cis1224yd produced a foam with both tensile and compressive moduli and strength that were more than 2 times better than the values achieved using cyclopentane. This result shows that dramatic and unexpected improvement in physical properties of the foam can be achieved according to the present invention.
Examples 4 - 8 ¨PEF FOAM PREPARATION USING PEF WITH MW OF 25,000 ¨
125,000 Comparative Example 1 is repeated, except that the conditions and materials are altered as indicted below in Table E5 through Table E9, using blowing agents shown in the table on a molar equivalent (i.e., within 15%) basis (with all values understood to be "about" the indicated value).

Example Thermoplastic Blowing Foam Properties**
Properties* Agent WT% MW
RFD Strength Modulus Vol% Closed PEF Cells 44 85 25,000 1336mzz(Z) <0.2 A A 50 4B 85 25,000 1336mzz(Z) <0.2 A A 75 4C 85 25,000 1336mzz(Z) <0.2 A A 90 4D 85 25,000 1336mzz(Z) <0.2 A A 100 * WT% PEF moieties in the polymer **A - acceptable Example Thermoplastic Blowing Foam Properties**
Properties Agent WT% MW
RFD Strength Modulus Vol% Closed PEF* Cells 54 85 50,000 1336mzz(Z) <0.2 A A 50 5B 85 50,000 1336mzz(Z) <0.2 A A 75 5C 85 50,000 1336mzz(Z) <0.2 A A 90 5D 85 50,000 1336mzz(Z) <0.2 A A 100 WT% PEF moieties in the polymer ' A - acceptable Example Thermoplastic Blowing Foam Properties**
Properties Agent WT% MW RFD Strength Modulus Vol% Closed PEF* Cells 6A 85 75,000 1336mzz(Z) <0.2 A

6B 85 75,000 1336mzz(Z) <0.2 A

6C 85 75,000 1336mzz(Z) <0.2 A

6D 85 75,000 1336mzz(Z) <0.2 A

* WT% PEF moieties in the polymer **A - acceptable Example Thermoplastic Blowing Foam Properties**
Properties Agent WT% MW RFD Strength Modulus Vol% Closed PEF* Cells 7A 85 100,000 1336mzz(Z) <0.2 7B 85 100,000 1336mzz(Z) <0.2 7C 85 100,000 1336mzz(Z) <0.2 7D 85 100,000 1336mzz(Z) <0.2 * WT% PEF moieties in the polymer **A - acceptable Example Thermoplastic Blowing Foam Properties**
Properties Agent WT% MW RFD Strength Modulus Vol% Closed PEF* Cells 8A 85 125,000 1336mzz(Z) <0.2 8B 85 125,000 1336mzz(Z) <0.2 8C 85 125,000 1336m2z(Z) <0.2 8D 85 125,000 1336mzz(Z) <0.2 In each case in Tables E4 ¨ E8 9above, the thermoplastic polymer used to make the foam had characteristics (measured in accordance with same procedures as identified above in Comparative Example 1) within the ranges indicated below:

Glass Transition Temperature ¨ 75 - 95 C
Melt Temperature ¨ 190 - 240 C
Decomposition Temperature ¨ 320 - 400 C
Crystallinity ¨ 30 - 60%
All foams thus produced according to these examples are observed to be foams of acceptable quality.
Examples 9 - 20 ¨ PEF FOAM PREPARATION USING PEF WITH MW OF 25,000 ¨
125,000 and Blowing Agent Comprising cis1224yd and co-blowing agents The foams made with 1224yd(Z) in Example 11 having a volume of closed cells being 90% or greater are repeated, except that instead of using a blowing agent consisting of 1224yd(Z), a co-blowing as indicated the following table is used to replace portions of the 1224yd(Z) ranging from 5% to 45% on a molar basis, as indicated below in Table E9 - 20(with all values understood to be "about" the indicated value).

Example Thermoplastic Co-Blowing Foam Properties***
Properties Agent/amount (mole% of total blowing agent) WT% MW RFD Strength Modulus ol%
PEF
Closed Cells 9A 10 25,000¨ CO2/5% - 45% <0.2 A =>90 125,000 9B 20 25,000 ¨ CO2/5% - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 9C 30 25,000 ¨ CO2/5% - 45% <0.2 =>90 125,000 9D 40 25,000 ¨ CO2/5% - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 9E 50 25,000 ¨ CO2/5% - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 9F 60 25,000 ¨ CO2/5% - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 9G 70 25,000 ¨ CO2/5% - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 9H 80 25,000 ¨ CO2/5% - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 91 90 25,000 ¨ CO2/5% - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 9J 100 25,000¨ CO2/5% - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 10A 10 25,000¨ Butane/5% - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 10B 20 25,000 ¨ Butane*/5% - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 10C 30 25,000 ¨ Butane*/5 A) - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 10D 40 25,000 ¨ Butane*/5% - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 10E 50 25,000 ¨ Butane*/5 A) - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 1OF 60 25,000 ¨ Butane*/5 A) - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 10G 70 25,000 ¨ Butane*/5 A) - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 10H 80 25,000 ¨ Butane*/5 A) - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 101 90 25,000 ¨ Butane*/5 A3 - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 10J 100 25,000¨ Butane*/5% - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 11A 10 25,000¨ Pentane**/5 /0 - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
11B 20 25,000¨ Pentane**/5 /0 - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
11C 30 25,000 ¨ Pentane**/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
11D 40 25,000¨ Pentane**/5 A) - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
11E 50 25,000¨ Pentane**/5 /0 - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
11F 60 25,000¨ Pentane**/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%

11G 70 25,000 ¨ Pentane**/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
1 1H 80 25,000¨ Pentane**/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
111 90 25,000¨ Pentane**/5Y0 - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
11J 100 25,000 ¨ Pentane**/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
12A 10 25,000¨ Methanol/5%- <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
12B 20 25,000¨ Methanol/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
12C 30 25,000¨ Methanol/5%- <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
120 40 25,000¨ Methanol/5%- <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
12E 50 25,000¨ Methanol/5%- <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
12F 60 25,000¨ Methanol/5%- <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
12G 70 25,000¨ Methanol/5%- <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
12H 80 25,000¨ Methanol/5%- <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
121 90 25,000¨ Methanol/5%- <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
12J 100 25,000¨ Methanol/5%- <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
13A 10 25,000¨ Ethanol/5% - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 13B 20 25,000 ¨ Ethanol/5% - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 13C 30 25,000 ¨ Ethanol/5% - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 13D 40 25,000 ¨ Ethanol/5Y - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 13E 50 25,000¨ Ethanol/5%-45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 13F 60 25,000 ¨ Ethanol/5% -45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 13G 70 25,000 ¨ Ethanol/5% -45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 13H 80 25,000 ¨ Ethanol/5% -45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 131 90 25,000 ¨ Ethanol/5% -45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 13J 100 25,000¨ Ethanol/5% -45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 14A 50 25,000¨ Methyl <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 formate/5% - 45%
14B 60 25,000¨ Methyl <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 formate/5% - 45%
14C 70 25,000¨ Methyl <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 formate/5% - 45%
14D 80 25,000¨ Methyl <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 formate/5 i - 45%
14E 90 25,000¨ Methyl <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 formate/5% - 45%
14F 100 25,000¨ Methyl <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 formate/5% - 45%
15A 10 25,000¨ Dimethyl <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 ether (DM E)/5% -45%
15B 20 25,000¨ Dimethyl <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 ether (DM E)/5% -45%
15C 30 25,000¨ Dimethyl <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 ether (DM E)/5% -45%
15D 40 25,000¨ Dimethyl <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 ether (DM E)/5% -45%
15E 50 25,000¨ Dimethyl <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 ether (DM E)/5 /0 -45%
15F 60 25,000¨ DME/5% - 45%
<0.2 A A =>90 125,000 15G 70 25,000¨ DM E /5c% - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 15H 80 25,000¨ DM E /5(1/0 - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 151 90 25,000¨ DM E /5 A) - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 15J 100 25,000¨ DM E /5 /0 - 45% <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 16A 10 25,000¨ HFC-134a/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
16B 20 25,000¨ HFC-134a/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
16C 30 25,000¨ HFC-134a/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
160 40 25,000¨ HFC-134a/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
16E 50 25,000¨ HFC-134a15% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
16F 60 25,000¨ HFC-134a/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
16G 70 25,000¨ HFC-134a/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
16H 80 25,000¨ HFC-134a/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
161 90 25,000¨ HFC-134a/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
16J 100 25,000¨ HFC-134a/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
17A 10 25,000¨ 1234ze(E)/5 /0 - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
17B 20 25,000 ¨ 1234ze(E)/5 /0 - <0.2 A A
=>90 125,000 45%
17C 30 25,000 ¨ 1234ze(E)/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
170 40 25,000 ¨ 1234ze(E)/5 /0 - <0.2 A A
=>90 125,000 45%
17E 50 25,000 ¨ 1234ze(E)/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%

17F 60 25,000 - 1234ze(E)/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
17G 70 25,000 - 1234ze(E)/5 /0 - <0.2 A A
=>90 125,000 45%
171H 80 25,000 - 1234ze(E)/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
171 90 25,000 - 1234ze(E)/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
17J 100 25,000- 1234ze(E)/5 /0 - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
18A 10 25,000- 1336mzz(E)/5 /0 - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
18B 20 25,000 - 1336mzz(E)/5`)/0 - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
18C 30 25,000 - 1336mzz(E)/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
18D 40 25,000 - 1336mzz(E)/5 /0 - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
18E 50 25,000 - 1336mzz(E)/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
18F 60 25,000 - 1336mzz(E)/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
18G 70 25,000 - 1336mzz(E)/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
18H 80 25,000 - 1336mzz(E)/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
181 90 25,000 - 1336mzz(E)/5 /0 - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
18J 100 25,000- 1336mzz(E)/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
19A 10 25,000- 1233zd(E)/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
19B 20 25,000 - 1233zd(E)/5 A) - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
19C 30 25,000 - 1233zd(E)/5 /0 - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
19D 40 25,000- 1233zd(E)/5 A) - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%

193E 50 25,000 ¨ 1233zd(E)/5 /0 - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
19F 60 25,000 ¨ 1233zd(E)/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
19G 70 25,000 ¨ 1233zd(E)/5 A) - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
19H 80 25,000 ¨ 1233zd(E)/5 /0 - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
191 90 25,000 ¨ 1233zd(E)/5 /0 - <0.2 A A
=>90 125,000 45%
19J 100 25,000¨ 1233zd(E)/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
20A 10 25,000¨ 1336mzz(Z)/5 /0 - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
20B 20 25,000 ¨ 1336mzz(Z)/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
20C 30 25,000 ¨ 1336mzz(Z)/5')/0 - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
200 40 25,000 ¨ 1336mzz(Z)/51)/0 - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
20E 50 25,000 ¨ 1336mzz(Z)/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
20F 60 25,000 ¨ 1336mzz(Z)/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
20G 70 25,000 ¨ 1336mzz(Z)/5% - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
20H 80 25,000 ¨ 1336mzz(Z)/5 /0 - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
201 90 25,000 ¨ 1336mzz(Z)/51)/0 - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
20J 100 25,000¨ 1336mzz(Z)/5 /0 - <0.2 A A =>90 125,000 45%
* butane refers separately and independently to each of iso and normal butane ** pentane refers separately and independently to each of iso, normal, neo and cyclo-pentane ***A - acceptable Example 24¨ PEF PREPARATION AT MW 43,500 WITH PM DA CHAIN EXTENDER AND
SSP

A bio-based polyethylene furanoate homopolymer was prepared by esterification and polycondensation of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with mono ethylene glycol according to known methods to produce PEF homopolymer, which is then treated according to techniques generally corresponding to the techniques described in detail in Example 1, with the chain extender PMDA at 0.7% by weight and then subject to solid state polymerization according to known techniques to produce a PEF homopolymer having a molecular weight of about 43,500. The PEF polymer was tested and found to have the following characteristics:
Molecular Weight ¨43,500 Density (g/cc) ¨ 1.43 Glass Transition Temperature ¨ 90.4 C
Melt Temperature - 219 C
Decomposition Temperature ¨ 344 C
Crystallinity ¨419%
The PEF polymer so produced is referred to in these Examples as PEX20.
Examples 21 - PEF FOAM PREPARATION USING PEX20 and ci51224yd as BLOWING AGENT
Using a procedure corresponding generally to that described in Comparative Example 1, a foam was formed by placing 1 gram of PEX20 in a glass container, which was loaded into a 60 cc autoclave and then dried for under vacuum for six (6) hours at 130 C.
The dried polymer was then cooled to room temperature and placed in a glass container inside an autoclave. 38 grams of the 1224yd(Z) blowing agent were then pumped into the autoclave containing the dried polymer, and then the autoclave was heated to bring the polymer to a melt state at a temperature of about 240 C and a pressure above the pre-foaming pressure. The polymer/1224yd(Z) blowing agent was maintained in this melt state for about 1 hour and the temperature and pressure of the melt/blowing agent was then reduced over a period of about 5 ¨ 15 minutes to about 190 C and 573 psig (hereinafter referred to for convenience as pre-foaming temperature and pre-foaming pressure, respectively), and then maintained at about this temperature and pressure for a period of about 30 minutes to allow the amount of blowing agent incorporated into the melt under such conditions to reach equilibrium. The temperature and pressure in the autoclave were then reduced rapidly (over a period of about 10 seconds for the pressure reduction and about 1 ¨ 10 minutes for the temperature reduction using chilled water)) to ambient conditions (approximately 22 C and 1 atmosphere) and foaming occurred. The foams thus produced were tested and found to have the properties as reported in Table E21 below:

Ex Blowing RFD MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Agent TS, CS, Mpa TM, M pa CM, Mpa Mpa 21 1224yd(Z) 0.071 0.27 0.2 14.1 2.47 As can be seen from the results reported in Table E21 the use of 1224yd(Z) blowing agent with a PEF polymer according to the present invention produced a foam that had a dramatically and unexpectedly improved density compared to the foam made with 002 of Comparative Example 1, even though that foam was made from a polymer with a much higher molecular weight. In particular, the density of the foam produced with 1224yd(Z) of this example resulted in density value that is, on average, about 3.5 times less than the density of the CO2 blown foam of Comparative Example 1.
Example 22¨ PEF PREPARATION AT MW 160,000 WITH PMDA CHAIN EXTENDER AND
SSP
A bio-based polyethylene furanoate homopolymer was prepared by esterification and polycondensation of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with mono ethylene glycol according to known methods to produce PEF homopolymer, which is then treated according to techniques generally corresponding to the techniques described in detail in Example 1, with the chain extender PMDA at 0.7% by weight and then subject to solid state polymerization according to known techniques to produce a PEF homopolymer having a molecular weight of about 160,000. The PEF polymer was tested and found to have the following characteristics:
Molecular Weight ¨ 160,500 Density (g/cc) ¨ 1.43 Glass Transition Temperature ¨ 91.4 C
Melt Temperature - 216 C
Decomposition Temperature ¨ 344 C
Crystallinity - 34%
The PEF polymer so produced is referred to in these Examples as PEX22.
Example 23 - PEF FOAM PREPARATION USING PEX22 and ci51224yd as BLOWING AGENT

Using a procedure corresponding generally to that described in Comparative Example 1, a foam was formed by placing 1 gram of PEX22 in a glass container, which was loaded into a 60 cc autoclave and then dried for under vacuum for six (6) hours at 130 C.
The dried polymer was then cooled to room temperature and placed in a glass container inside an autoclave. 38 grams of the 1224yd(Z) blowing agent were then pumped into the autoclave containing the dried polymer, and then the autoclave was heated to bring the polymer to a melt state at a temperature of about 240 C and a pressure above the pre-foaming pressure. The polymer/1224yd(Z) blowing agent was maintained in this melt state for about 1 hour and the temperature and pressure of the melt/blowing agent was then reduced over a period of about 5 ¨ 15 minutes to about 190 C and 573 psig (hereinafter referred to for convenience as pre-foaming temperature and pre-foaming pressure, respectively), and then maintained at about this temperature and pressure for a period of about 30 minutes to allow the amount of blowing agent incorporated into the melt under such conditions to reach equilibrium. The temperature and pressure in the autoclave were then reduced rapidly (over a period of about 10 seconds for the pressure reduction and about 1 ¨ 10 minutes for the temperature reduction using chilled water)) to ambient conditions (approximately 22 C and 1 atmosphere) and foaming occurred. The foams thus produced were tested and found to have the properties as reported in Table E23 below:

Ex Blowing RFD MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Agent TS, Mpa CS, Mpa TM, Mpa CM, Mpa 23 1224yd(Z) 0.083 0.88 0.14 34.8 1.96 As can be seen from the results reported in Table E23 the use of 1224yd(Z) blowing agent with a PEF polymer according to the present invention produced a foam that had a dramatically and unexpectedly improved density compared to the foam made with CO2 of Comparative Example 1, even though that foam was made from a polymer with a much higher molecular weight. In particular, the density of the foam produced with 1224yd(Z) of this example resulted in density value that is, on average, about 3.0 times less than the density of the CO2 blown foam of Comparative Example 1, and at the same time achieve tensile strength and modulus values that are better than the foam blown with CO2.
The following clauses provide descriptions within the scope of the present invention.
Clause I. A low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:

(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls forming closed cells, wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 50% by weight of the thermoplastic polymer; and (b) one or more HFOs having three or four carbon atoms and/or one or more HFC0s having three or four carbon atoms contained in the closed cells.
Clause 2. The foam of clause 1 wherein said cell walls consisting essentially of polyethylene furanoate that has been treated with a chain extender.
Clause 3. The foam of clause 1 wherein said cell walls consist essentially of polyethylene furanoate having a molecular weight of greater than 25,000.
Clause 4. The foam of clause 1 wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 70% by weight of the thermoplastic polymer.
Clause 5. The foam of clause 1 wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 90% by weight of the thermoplastic polymer.
Clause 6. The foam of clause 1 wherein said foam has a relative foam density (RFD) of about 0.2 or less.
Clause 7. The foam of clause 1 wherein said foam has a foam density of less than 0.4 g/cc.
Clause 8. The foam of clause 1 wherein said foam has a foam density of less than 0.2 g/cc.
Clause 9. The foam of clause 1 wherein said one or more blowing agents contained in said closed cells comprise one or more of 1224yd, 1233zd(E), 1234yf, 1234ze(E), 1336mzz(E) and 1336mzz(Z).
Clause 10. The foam of clause 9 wherein said cell walls consist essentially of polyethylene furanoate having a molecular weight of greater than 100,000.
Clause 11. The foam of clause 1 wherein said one or more blowing agents contained in said closed cells comprise at least 1234ze(E).
Clause 12. The foam of clause 11 wherein said cell walls consist essentially of polyethylene furanoate having a molecular weight of greater than 100,000 and wherein said foam has a relative foam density (RFD) of about 0.2 or less.
Clause 13. The foam of clause 1 wherein said one or more blowing agents contained in said closed cells comprise at least 1336mzz(Z).

Clause 14. The foam of clause 13 wherein said cell walls consist essentially of polyethylene furanoate having a molecular weight of greater than 100,000 and wherein said foam has a relative foam density (RFD) of about 0.2 or less.
Clause 15. The foam of clause 1 wherein said one or more blowing agents contained in said closed cells comprise at least 1336mzz(Z) and/or 1234ze(E).
Clause 16. The foam of clause 15 wherein said cell walls consist essentially of polyethylene furanoate having a molecular weight of greater than 100,000 and wherein said foam has a relative foam density (RFD) of about 0.2 or less.
Clause 17. A wind energy turbine blade and/or nacelle comprising a foam according to anyone of clauses 1 ¨ 16.
Clause 18. An automobile car wall comprising a foam according to anyone of clauses 1 ¨ 16.
Clause 19. An marine vessel comprising a foam according to anyone of clauses 1 ¨16.
Clause 20. An aircraft or aerospace vessel comprising a foam according to anyone of clauses 1 ¨ 16.
Clause 21. A low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls forming closed cells, wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 50% by weight of the thermoplastic polymer; and (b) one or more HFOs having three or four carbon atoms and/or one or more HFC0s having three or four carbon atoms contained in the closed cells.
Clause 22. A low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) closed thermoplastic cells comprising cell walls forming closed cells, said cell walls consisting essentially of polyethylene furanoate that has been treated with a chain extender and that has a molecular weight of greater than 25,000; and (b) one or more HFOs having three or four carbon atoms and/or one or more HFC0s having three or four carbon atoms contained in the closed cells.
Clause 23. A low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) closed thermoplastic cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate that has been treated with a chain extender and that has a molecular weight of greater than 25,000, wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 70%
by weight of the thermoplastic polymer; and (b) one or more HFOs having three or four carbon atoms and/or one or more HFC0s having three or four carbon atoms contained in the closed cells.
Clause 24. A low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) closed thermoplastic cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate that has been treated with a chain extender and that has a molecular weight of greater than 25,000, wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 90%
of the thermoplastic contains ethylene furanoate moieties; and (b) one or more HFOs having three or four carbon atoms and/or one or more HFC0s having three or four carbon atoms contained in the closed cells.
Clause 25A. A includes low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:

(a) closed thermoplastic cells comprising cell walls consisting essentially of polyethylene furanoate that has been treated with a chain extender; and (b) a blowing agent contained in said closed cells, wherein said foam has a relative foam density (RFD) of about 0.2 or less and a foam density of less than 0.3 g/cc.
Clause 25B. A includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls wherein at least about 50%
by volume of the cells are closed cells and wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 50% by weight of the thermoplastic polymer; and (b) one or more HFOs having three or four carbon atoms and/or one or more HFC0s having three or four carbon atoms contained in the closed cells.
Clause 25C. A includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate that has been treated with a chain extender and that has a molecular weight of greater than 25,000, wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 50%
of the thermoplastic and wherein at least about 50% by volume of the cells are closed cells;
and (b) one or more HFOs having three or four carbon atoms and/or one or more HFC0s having three or four carbon atoms contained in the closed cells.

Clause 250. A includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate that has been treated with a chain extender and that has a molecular weight of greater than 25,000, wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 50%
of the thermoplastic and wherein at least about 75% by volume of the cells are closed cells;
and (b) one or more HFOs having three or four carbon atoms and/or one or more HFC0s having three or four carbon atoms contained in the closed cells.
Clause 25E. A includes low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate that has been treated with a chain extender and that has a molecular weight of greater than 25,000, wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 50%
of the thermoplastic and wherein at least about 90% by volume of the cells are closed cells;
and (b) one or more HFOs having three or four carbon atoms and/or one or more HFC0s having three or four carbon atoms contained in the closed cells.
Clause 26. A includes low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) closed thermoplastic cells comprising cell walls consisting essentially of polyethylene furanoate that has been treated with a chain extender; and (b) a blowing agent contained in said closed cells, wherein said foam has an RFD of about 0.2 or less and a density of less than 0.3 Woo.
Clause 27. A low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) closed thermoplastic cells comprising cell walls consisting essentially of polyethylene furanoate that has been treated with a chain extender; and (b) a blowing agent contained in said closed cells, wherein said foam has a density of less than 0.25 g/cc.
Clause 28A. A low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate that has been treated with a chain extender and that has a molecular weight of greater than 50,000, wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 50%
of the thermoplastic and wherein at least about 50% by volume of the cells are closed cells;
and (b) one or more HFOs having three or four carbon atoms and/or one or more HFC0s having three or four carbon atoms contained in the closed cells.
Clause 28B. A low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate that has been treated with a chain extender and that has a molecular weight of greater than 50,000, wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 50%
of the thermoplastic and wherein at least about 75% by volume of the cells are closed cells;
and (b) one or more HFOs having three or four carbon atoms and/or one or more HFC0s having three or four carbon atoms contained in the closed cells.
Clause 28C. A low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) closed thermoplastic cells comprising cell walls consisting essentially of polyethylene furanoate that has been treated with a chain extender and that has a molecular weight of greater than 100,000; and (b) a blowing agent contained in said closed cells, wherein said foam has a density of less than 0.3 g/cc.
Clause 29 A low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) closed thermoplastic cells comprising cell walls consisting essentially of polyethylene furanoate that has been treated with a chain extender; and (b) a blowing agent contained in said closed cells and comprising one or more HFOs having three or four carbon atoms and/or one or more HFC0s having three or four carbon atoms, wherein said foam has a density of less than 0.3 g/cc.
Clause 30. A low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) closed thermoplastic cells comprising cell walls consisting essentially of polyethylene furanoate that has been treated with a chain extender; and (b) a blowing agent contained said closed cells and comprising one or more HFOs having three or four carbon atoms and/or one or more HFC0s having three or four carbon atoms, wherein said foam has a density of less than 0.25 g/cc.
Clause 31. A low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:

(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls forming closed cells, wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 50% by weight of the thermoplastic polymer and wherein said thermoplastic comprises polyethylene furanoate-based polymer that has been treated with a chain extender and that has a molecular weight of greater than 25,000; and (b) one or more blowing agents contained in said closed cells, said blowing agent comprising one or more of 1224yd, 1233zd(E), 1234yf, 1234ze(E), 1336mzz(E) and 1336mzz(Z).
Clause 32. A low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls forming closed cells, wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 70% by weight of the thermoplastic polymer and wherein said thermoplastic comprises polyethylene furanoate-based polymer that has been treated with a chain extender and that has a molecular weight of greater than 100,000; and (b) one or more blowing agents contained in said closed cells, said blowing agent comprising one or more of 1224yd, 1233zd(E), 1234yf, 1234ze(E), 1336mzz(E) and 1336mzz(Z).
Clause 33. A low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls forming closed cells, wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 90% by weight of the thermoplastic polymer and wherein said thermoplastic comprises polyethylene furanoate-based polymer that has been treated with a chain extender and that has having a molecular weight of greater than 100,000; and (b) one or more blowing agents contained in said closed cells, said blowing agent comprising one or more of 1224yd, 1233zd(E), 1234yf, 1234ze(E), 1336mzz(E) and 1336mzz(Z).
Clause 34. A low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls forming closed cells, wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 90% by weight of the thermoplastic polymer and wherein said thermoplastic comprises has a molecular weight of greater than 100,000; and (b) one or more blowing agents contained in said closed cells, said blowing agent comprising one or more of 1234ze(E), 1336mzz(E) and 1336mzz(Z).
Clause 35. A low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls forming closed cells, wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 90% by weight of the thermoplastic polymer and wherein said thermoplastic comprises has a molecular weight of greater than 100,000; and (b) one or more blowing agents contained in said closed cells, said blowing agent consisting essentially of 1234ze(E).
Clause 36. A includes low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls forming closed cells, wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 90% by weight of the thermoplastic polymer and wherein said thermoplastic comprises has a molecular weight of greater than 100,000; and (b) one or more blowing agents contained in said closed cells, said blowing agent consisting essentially of 1336mzz(E).
Clause 37. A low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) closed thermoplastic cells comprising cell walls consisting essentially of polyethylene furanoate; and (b) trans-1234ze contained in said closed cells, wherein said foam has a density of less than 0.3 g/cc.
Clause 38. A low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) closed thermoplastic cells comprising cell walls consisting essentially of polyethylene furanoate; and (b) HF0-1234yf contained in said closed cells, wherein said foam has a density of less than 0.3 g/cc.
Clause 39. A low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) closed thermoplastic cells comprising cells walls consisting essentially of polyethylene furanoate; and (b) 1336mzz(E) contained in said closed cells, wherein said foam has a density of less than 0.3 g/cc.

Clause 40. A low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) closed thermoplastic cells comprising cells walls consisting essentially of polyethylene furanoate; and (b) 1336mzz(Z) contained in said closed cells, wherein said foam has a density of less than 0.3 Woo.
Clause 41. A low-density, closed-cell thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) closed thermoplastic cells comprising cells walls consisting essentially of polyethylene furanoate; and (b) 1224yd contained in said closed cells, wherein said foam has a density of less than 0.3 g/cc.
Clause 42. A foamable thermoplastic compositions comprising:
(a) thermoplastic material consisting essentially of polyethylene furanoate that has been treated with a chain extender and that has a molecular weight of greater than 25,000, wherein at least 50% of the thermoplastic contains ethylene furanoate moieties; and (b) one or more HFOs having three or four carbon atoms and/or one or more HFC0s having three or four carbon atoms.
Clause 43. A foamable thermoplastic compositions comprising:
(a) thermoplastic material consisting essentially of polyethylene furanoate having a molecular weight of greater than 100,000, wherein at least 50% of the thermoplastic contains ethylene furanoate moieties;
(b) one or more HFOs having three or four carbon atoms and/or one or more HFC0s having three or four carbon atoms.
Clause 44. A foamable thermoplastic compositions comprising:
(a) thermoplastic material consisting essentially of chain-extended polyethylene furanoate having a molecular weight of greater than 100,000, wherein at least 90% of the thermoplastic contains ethylene furanoate moieties; and (b) one or more HFOs having three or four carbon atoms and/or one or more HFC0s having three or four carbon atoms contained in said closed cells.
Clause 45. Methods for forming thermoplastic foam comprising foaming a foamable composition of the present invention, including each of Clauses 42 ¨ 44.

Clause 46. Methods for forming extruded thermoplastic foam comprising extruding a foam able composition of the present invention, including each of Clauses 42 ¨ 44..

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A low-density, thermoplastic foam comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate, wherein at least about 50% by volume of the cells are closed cells;
and (b) at least 1224yd contained in said closed cells.

2. The foam of claim 1 wherein the density of the foam is from about 0.05 to less than 0.2 g/cc.

3. The foam of claim 2 wherein the tensile strength of the foam is from about 1.5 to about 3.5 Mpa.

4. The foam of claim 2 wherein the compressive strength of the foam is from about 0.65 to about 1.5 Mpa.

5. The foam of claim 3 wherein the compressive strength of the foam is from about 0.65 to about 1.5 Mpa.

6. The foam of claim 2 wherein the foam has a density of from about 0.05 to less than 0.1 g/cc.

7. The foam of claim 5 wherein the foam has a density of from about 0.05 to less than 0.1 g/cc.

8. The foam of claim 2 wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 50%
by weight of said thermoplastic polymer.

9. The foam of claim 2 wherein said cell walls consist essentially of polyethylene furanoate.

10. The foam of claim 2 wherein said cell walls consist essentially of polyethylene furanoate having a molecular weight of at least about 90,000.

11. The foam of claim 2 wherein ethylene furanoate moieties are at least 85%
by weight of said thermoplastic polymer.

12. The foam of claim 2 wherein at least about 75% of the cells are closed cells.

13. A thermoplastic foam comprising:

(a) thermoplastic polymer cells comprising cell walls comprising polyethylene furanoate having a crystallinity of at least 10%, wherein at least about 50%
by volume of the cells are closed cells and wherein said thermoplastic polymer contains no tannin moieties or tannin moieties in an amount of less than 20% by weight; and (b) gas in said closed cells comprising 1224yd contained in the closed cells.

14. The foam of claim 13 wherein said gas in said closed cells further comprises one or more of 1234ze(E), 1336mzz(E), 1336mzz(Z), 1233zd(E), 1234yf, and combinations of two or more of these.

15. The foam of claim 14 wherein at least about 75% of the cells are closed cells.

16. The foam of claim 13 wherein said gas in said closed cells comprises at least 60% by weight of 1224yd and wherein said cell walls consist essentially of polyethylene furanoate having a molecular weight of at least about 90,000.

17. The foam of claim 13 wherein said gas in said closed cells consists essentially of 1224yd.

18. A wind energy turbine blade and/or nacelle, or an automobile car wall, or an aircraft or aerospace vessel comprising the foam of any one of claims 1 -17.

19. A foamable composition comprising:
(a) thermoplastic polymer comprising polyethylene furanoate containing no tannin moieties or tannin moieties in an amount of less than 20% by weight;
and (b) a blowing agent comprising 1224yd.

20. The foamable composition of claim 19 wherein said blowing agent comprises from about 5% to about 95% of said 1224yd.

21. The foamable composition of claim 19 wherein said polyethylene furanoate has a molecular weight of from about 25,000 to about at least about 180,000 and has a crystallinity of from 30% to 60% by volume.

22. The foamable composition of claim 19 wherein said polyethylene furanoate has a molecular weight of from about 80,000 to about at least about 130,000 and has a crystallinity of from 30% to 60% by volume.

23. The foamable composition of claim 20 wherein said polyethylene furanoate has a molecular weight of from about 80,000 to about at least about 130,000 and has a crystallinity of from 30% to 60% by volume.

24. The foamable composition of claim 23 wherein said polyethylene furanoate has a molecular weight of from about 90,000 to about at least about 120,000 and has a crystallinity of from 30% to 60% by volume and wherein said blowing agent comprises at least about 60% by weight of 1224yd.

25. The foamable composition of claim 20 wherein said polyethylene furanoate has a molecular weight of from about 25,000 to about at least about 180,000 and has a crystallinity of from 30% to 60% by volume.

26. The foamable composition of claim 29 wherein said polyethylene furanoate has a molecular weight of from about 80,000 to about at least about 130,000 and has a crystallinity of from 30% to 60% by volume.

27. The foamable composition of claim 20 wherein said polyethylene furanoate has a molecular weight of from about 80,000 to about at least about 130,000 and has a crystallinity of from 30% to 60% by volume.

28. The foamable composition of claim 20 wherein said polyethylene furanoate has a molecular weight of from about 90,000 to about at least about 120,000 and has a crystallinity of from 30% to 60% by volume and wherein said blowing agent comprises at least about 60% by weight of 1224yd.

29. The foam of any one of claims 1 ¨ 12 wherein said 1224yd comprises 1224yd(Z).

30. The foamable composition of any one of claims 13 ¨ 28 wherein said 1224yd comprises 1224yd(Z).