CA3155998A1

CA3155998A1 - Electromechanical artificial heart

Info

Publication number: CA3155998A1
Application number: CA3155998A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Manuel Munoz Saiz
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-09-21
Filing date: 2019-09-20
Publication date: 2020-03-26
Also published as: WO2020058538A2; ES1223074U; ES1223074Y; WO2020058538A3

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromechanical artificial heart that uses two diaphragm pressure-suction pumps. Each pump (41) is formed by a discoidal or lenticular chamber, the interior of the bases thereof bearing a reinforcement plate (43), with two conduits being connected to the periphery of the chamber, each having a check valve with flexible flaps, the chamber having one wall acting as a support and another acting as a diaphragm, the diaphragm being equipped with a paramagnetic or ferromagnetic plate, attached thereto or disposed therein, moving the plate that acts as a diaphragm, actuated or moved by an electromagnet to which a sinusoidal electric current is applied with an electronic multivibrator or oscillator, creating a variable-volume chamber (41) together with the flap valves (22) in the peripheral conduits. Electrical energy is applied to the rib cage or to the exterior thereof by means of radio-frequency, electromagnetic or magnetic flux signals with transformers or electrical conductors.

Description

ELECTROMECHANICAL ARTIFICIAL HEART
FIELD OF THE INVENTION. In the total and partial replacement of hearts.
STATE OF THE ART. Most artificial hearts use pumps that destroy red blood cells by heating, speed, friction, compression or turbulence produced, are unsafe or short-lived, use many parts or are complex and bulky. The present invention eliminates or reduces such drawbacks.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Object of the invention.
Provide simple, useful, safe and long-lasting electromagnetic membrane pumps for artificial hearts, which eliminate friction.
Use simple, few-piece, generally single-piece, fin valves or leaflets, inexpensive, durable, and safe.
Use energy transfer systems through the abdomen using radio frequency, electromagnetic waves, magnetic flux with transformers or electrical conductors.
Use a pump drive system using electromagnets or permanent magnets from the outside, the latter moving them mechanically.
Use biocompatible, anticoagulant, resistant, elastic, long-lasting and non-toxic materials.
In the areas of contact with blood, the pieces can be covered with a layer of biocompatible material.
Possibility of manufacturing with 3D printing.
Problem to solve.
The lack of donors and the complexity of the current systems. It is solved with simple, practical artificial hearts that are easy to apply and replace.
The electromechanical artificial heart uses two diaphragm or membrane impelling suction pumps, and is wherein each pump is made up of a discoidal, lenticular, semi-lenticular or spherical or oval cap chamber, whose bases of the same shape carry a reinforcing plate inside, and to whose periphery two conduits are joined each with a flexible fin check valve, the chamber Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-21

2 has a wall that acts as a base or support and another that carries or acts as a membrane, the membrane can carry attached, or inside, a paramagnetic or ferromagnetic plate, (made of soft iron or ferrite), or a permanent magnet, can also attract a ferromagnetic core which is attached and displaces the plate that acts as a membrane being driven or displaced by a coil or electromagnet to which it is applies a sinusoidal electrical current with an electronic oscillator or multivibrator, or with an actuator or linear motor, which displaces it, attracting and repelling it, applying a reciprocating movement to it that creates a chamber of variable volume and, together with the fin valves or leaflets at their ends, the suction lift pump. In a semi-cycle, the current applied to the electromagnet separates or displaces the membrane towards the outside, increases its volume and sucks the blood from the front area, opening the inlet valve or valves by said suction. At the end of this half cycle, the suction ends, the inlet valves are closed and the electromagnet approaches or moves the membrane into the duct or chamber, opening the outlet valve or valves, reducing the volume and driving the blood towards the different organs. This is repeated in both chambers or pumps. At the peripheral edges of the chambers, several membranes are used in parallel or a membrane of great thickness relative to the whole. The electromagnet can attract and repel the plate when it is a magnet. It can also attract a nucleus which displaces the plate that acts as a membrane. The set of conduits and valves can be called valvular conduits. The chamber can also be considered cylindrical with little height relative to the base and can be formed by two plates in the form of spherical caps. Check valves can also be ball type. Optionally, the operation can be carried out with a microprocessor internal or external to the rib cage, when it is internal, the energy transfer can be done wirelessly, with: a) An electrical transformer that introduces the energy in the form of a variable magnetic flux from the primary that is external to the secondary one inside the rib cage, (Fig. 1 and la), b).
Radiomagnetic waves sent from the outside and captured by an internal receiver, Fig. 2, and c) .. With electrical conducting wires or conduits crossing the abdomen and some external batteries, Fig. 3.
When the microprocessor is external, two cases can occur: a) That the pumps have the coils or electromagnets on the outside and the ferromagnetic plates or ferrites inside the abdomen, Fig. 4, b) That the pumps carry on the outside a permanent magnet movable by means .. of an electromagnet and the ferromagnetic plates inside the abdomen, Fig.
4a, and c) That the Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-21

3 pumps are on the outside and the blood is sucked and propelled by some ducts that cross the thoracic wall through the abdomen Fig. 5 and 5a. The control panel can be used when the system is totally or partially external.
Optionally it can carry a cooling system consisting of a stream of air, or water in a closed circuit, with a temperature between 23 and 27 C, which is applied externally by means of a sheat in the form of a strip around a wide area of the contour of the abdomen, zone contiguous to that of the devices and circuits used by the present invention. A heat exchanger can also be used consisting of a container whose liquid captures the heat from the chassis of the internal electrical and electronic elements and transfers it through said container to the chest wall where some connectors allow the coupling of other external ones to apply the cooling fluid. You can also carry the heatsink or heat exchanger permanently outside.
It carries blood pressure sensors. A system of mini or micro accelerometers or gyroscopes that detect increases in movement or effort so that the microprocessor increases the pulse rate or pressure of the pumps, according to the oxygen needs at all times and a respiratory rate sensor.
The pressure sensors, in addition to next to the pumps, can be placed outside, taking it around a limb. These sensors when they are internal can send a variable or oscillating alternating signal to the outside, or three oscillating signals, one when the pressure is low, for example less than 90 mm of mercury, another if the pressure is normal, between 90 and 120 mm and a third if it is high above 120 mm. These signals are captured from the outside and are applied to the microprocessor.
All materials must be biocompatible, inert, antitoxic, not react with reactive materials, respect the environment, if possible hemophobic, or failing that they can be covered with a layer of said material, and for valve tabs, membranes or diaphragms elastic materials can be used. You can add another property, such as allowing your 3D printing.
Mainly polymers will be used and especially elastomers: vulcanized natural rubber (cispolisoprene), synthetic rubber (polyisoprene), artificial form of natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), nitrile rubber (NBR), polychloroprene rubber (neoprene) and made of silicone, polybutadiene and polisobutylene (vinyl polymer). Most widely used biomedical special polymers such as fluorinated ones: Teflon, polyamides, elastomers, silicones, polyesters, polycarbonates but especially those that are hemocompatible that prevent coagulation, such as Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-21

4 PET fibres, polytetrafluoroethylene foams, segmented polyurethanes and porous silicone.
Reinforcing materials such as graphene, graphene oxide or carbyne can be added as an element of the future. Other materials with similar characteristics can be used.
They can also be used in some parts: stainless steels, pyrolytic carbon and ceramic materials.
The fins of the valves have a semicircular or semi-oval shape and can be slightly curved, they rotate around a peripheral edge by means of a flexible reinforcing steel strap or band that can also act as a support. The duct will present a semicircular section in that valve area. On whose flat face the fin rests and rotates.
The valve fins can be internally reinforced with steel strips, sheets or filaments using the most resistant, durable and biocompatible materials. Thicker fins can be used which will make them more durable. Peripheral membranes or diaphragms can also be internally reinforced with fibres or fabrics. They must be magnetically isolated with a thin metal casing. A variant carries a metal disk or circle in the centre of the membrane, which can be coated with titanium or any other incompatible and durable material. The valve like the one in patent P201700249 can be used.
Two pumps in series and two vanes in series can be used at the end of each pump. The pumps can have strong, insulated and shielded housings.
One or two electromagnets can be used, one on each side of the pump variable volume chamber.
Pressure or leakage sensors of the membranes or booster chambers warn, with acoustic or visual alarms, of breakage or failure of booster pumps.
The impeller pumps carry out both the delivery and the recovery of the fluid, they can also send the fluid and when the impulse ceases, the recovery is carried out by means of the elastic walls, which have great consistency and act as springs.
Refrigeration or temperature control is done internally and externally.
Refrigeration is optional The control system is very simple, since when the heart is completely transplanted, the regulation of the whole, controlling the pressures and the respiratory rhythm, is done more easily.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-21 Advantages: The pumps, membranes and valves are very simple, they do not break red blood cells, they allow one-piece assemblies, 3D printing manufacturing, simple and quick change using quick disconnect fittings, they do not have internal axes of rotation in contact with the blood, nor motors, little energy is needed, the system can be magnetically shielded, friction

5 .. does not occur, nor high temperature in some cases. Multi-fin valves and peripheral multi-membrane pumps can be used, between which breakage leaks can be detected, anticipating their change. It is practical, economical and safe. Due to its simplicity and small size, it allows the system to be duplicated for protection in the event of failures or emergency.
It solves the lack of donors. Electromagnets unlike motors can act smoothly with a sine wave current. The set of pumps and valves can be considered much simpler than those of the heart. With two pumps in series or in parallel, or by adding an accumulator, an almost continuous flow of blood can be sent. It is valid for temporary use and also long-term or permanent. They can be used in several different ways depending on the patient's problem. It has notice of failures due to leaks, breaks, etc. Due to its simplicity, it could be used in very critical patients who are currently very dangerous to apply any surgical treatment or even in animals with heart disease, which otherwise should be euthanized. Accelerometers or gyroscopes warn of sudden physical changes in the patient. The control system is very simple, with a microprocessor which controls the blood pressure depending on the conditions or data received at all times. The cardiovascular system is the one with the highest number of cases of death, many of them due to lack of donors.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure la shows a schematic and cross-section view of a rib cage with the right ventricular substitute pump.
Figure lb shows a schematic and sectional view of a rib cage with the left ventricular replacement pump.
Figure lc shows a schematic and partially cross-section view of a left ventricular surrogate pump.
Figure ld shows a schematic and partially cross-section view of a right ventricular surrogate pump.
Figure 2 shows a schematic and cross-section view of a rib cage with the internal Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-21

6 microprocessor, which transfers the energy from the network to the interior with a transformer.
Figure 2a shows a schematic and cross-section view similar to Figure 2, which adds circuits that transfer the signals to the interior and exterior of the abdomen, using a transformer.
Figure 3 shows a schematic and cross-section view of a rib cage with the internal microprocessor, which transfers energy to the interior with a radio frequency transmitter and receiver.
Figure 3a shows a schematic and cross-section view of a rib cage with the internal microprocessor, which transfers energy to the interior by means of a battery and conductors that pass through the abdomen.
Figure 4 shows a schematic and cross-section view of a rib cage with the external microprocessor, which carries the pumps inside and the electromagnets or coils outside. Only one pump is shown.
Figure 4a shows a schematic and cross-section view of a rib cage with the external microprocessor, which carries the pumps inside and magnets moved by electromagnets or piezoelectric actuators on the outside. Only one pump is shown.
Figures 5 and 5a show schematic and cross-section views of a rib cage with the external microprocessor, carried by the pumps on the outside and some conduits that cross the abdominal wall. Only one pump is shown in each rib cage.
Figure 6 shows a schematic plan view of a pump or ventricle.
Figure 7 shows a schematic and profile view of a lenticular pump or ventricle.
Figure 7a shows a schematic and partially cross-section view of a slightly semi-lenticular artificial ventricle or domed variant.
Figures 8 to 15 show schematized and partially cross-section pumps with the pipes and valves on both sides, although in practice they will be positioned taking into account the locations of the elements to which they must be connected. But preferably as in Figures 6, 7, 7a or 15.
Figure 16 shows a schematic view of a complete heart with its casing and in profile.
Figure 17 shows a block diagram with one possible way of operation.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-21

7 MORE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the invention, with the primary (13t) of a transformer external to the rib cage, which supplies its secondary (14t) with alternating current in the inside it, with a reduced voltage, which is rectified and transformed into direct current by the rectifier (12), charging the battery (80) (this can be replaced by a capacitor) and feeding the microprocessor (90), from where they are sent the impulses or sine waves to actuate the electromagnets of the pumps (2) (VD) and (3) (VI), substitutes for the right and left ventricles respectively. Blood pressure signal (s) (70) and a system of mini or micro accelerometers or gyroscopes (71) are applied to the microprocessor that detect increases in movement or effort, if you are lying down and the respiratory rhythm (72), to The microprocessor controls the pulse frequency of the pumps. Refrigeration may not be necessary as blood circulation can reduce the temperature.
Figure la shows the approximate arrangement of the placement of the elements when replacing the right ventricle with the pump (2) and the conduits (45) that join the right ventricle (2) (VD) with the vena cava (4) and the pulmonary arteries (5).
Figure lb shows the approximate arrangement of the placement of the elements when replacing the left ventricle with the pump (3) and the conduits (67) that connect the left ventricle (3) (VI) with the pulmonary veins (6) and the aorta (7).
Figure lc shows a pump replacing the left ventricle (3) LV that consists of the electromagnet (1), which attracts or repels the ferromagnetic plate (41) in a circular or oval shape which has a thin peripheral crown (42) and both are introduced, joined and integrated in the circular crown (39) of great relative thickness, whose internal zone deforms when the plate (41) is attracted or repelled, varying the central chamber (23), to which the two fin valves (22) at its ends. Blood is suctioned from the oxygenated pulmonary veins (6) and sent to the aorta (7). The annulus (42) can be replaced by multiple radial fins or strips. Two or more fins or valves can be used at each end. Plate 41 is repelled and attracted when it is a permanent magnet.
Figure ld shows a pump replacing the right ventricle (2) V.D. and the electromagnets (1), one on each side, which attract or repel the ferromagnetic plate (41) of circular or oval shape which has a thin peripheral crown (42 ) and both are inserted, joined and integrated in the Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-21

8 flexible circular crown (39) of great relative thickness, whose internal area deforms when the plate (41) is attracted or repelled, varying the central chamber (23) to which the two contribute fin valves (22) at their ends. Blood is suctioned from the superior and inferior vena cava (4) and sent to the pulmonary arteries (5). The annulus (42) can be replaced by multiple fins, or radial strips. Two or more fins can be used at each end. Plate 41 is repelled and attracted when it is a permanent magnet.
Figure 2a with the primary (13t) of a transformer external to the rib cage, which feeds its secondary (14t) inside it, with a reduced voltage, which rectifies it and transforms the rectifier (12) into direct current, charging the battery (80) (this can be a capacitor) and feeding the microprocessor (90) from where the impulses or sine waves are sent to actuate the electromagnets of the pumps (2) (VD) and (3) (VI), substitutes for the right and left ventricles respectively. The microprocessor receives the blood pressure signals (70) and from a system of mini or micro accelerometers or gyroscopes (71) that detect increases in movement or effort, if you are lying down and the respiratory rhythm (72), so that the microprocessor controls the pulse frequency and pressure of the pumps. A system for transmitting and receiving signals from the inside to the outside (81, 82 and 83), using the transformer circuit.
Figure 3 shows the external radio frequency transmitter (13r), whose signal is received inside the abdomen with the receiver (14r) whose reduced alternating current is rectified and transformed into direct current with the rectifier (12), charging the battery ( 80) (this can be a capacitor) and feeding the microprocessor (90) from where the impulses or sine waves are sent to actuate the electromagnets of the pumps (2) (VD) and (3) (VI), substitutes for the ventricles right and left respectively. The microprocessor is applied the blood pressure signal (70) and a system of mini or micro accelerometers or gyroscopes (71) that detect increases in movement or effort, if you are lying down and the respiratory rate (72) so that the microprocessor controls the pulse frequency of the pumps. It adds an optional cooling system from the outside, consisting of a chamber-duct (50) with its thermally insulated walls, which is attached to an adapter in the abdomen that carries two fittings (51) that allow, if necessary, the coupling a circuit with a cooling fluid.
Figure 3a shows the external battery (80e), which supplies direct current to the internal .. microprocessor (90i) from where the impulses or sine waves are sent to actuate the pumps (2) Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-21

9 (VD) and (3) (VI), substitutes of the right and left ventricles respectively.
The microprocessor receives the blood pressure signal (s) (70) and a system of mini or micro accelerometers or gyroscopes (71) that detect increases in movement or effort and the respiratory rhythm (72) so that the microprocessor controls the pulse frequency and pump pressure. Figure 4 shows the external microprocessor (90e) that feeds the electromagnet (2e1) that operates the armature of the pump (2ar) that supplies the right ventricle (VD) Blood is sucked from the superior and inferior vena cava (4) and sends it to the pulmonary arteries (5). For the left ventricle, it is similar to that for the right.
Figure 4a shows the external microprocessor (90e) that feeds the electromagnet (2e1) that operates and moves the magnet (2im). This, in turn, displaces the armature of the pump (2ar) from the right ventricle (VD). Blood is suctioned from the superior and inferior vena cava (4) and sent to the pulmonary arteries (5). For the left ventricle, it is similar to what has been stated for the right.
Figure 5 shows the external microprocessor (90e) that feeds the electromagnet of the equally external pump (2), which supplies the right ventricle (VD). Said pump sucks the blood from the superior and inferior vena cava (4) and sends it to the pulmonary arteries (5), through the conduits (45) that cross the abdomen.
Figure 5a shows the external microprocessor (90e) that feeds the electromagnet of the equally external pump (3), which supplies the left ventricle (V.I.). This pump sucks the blood from the oxygenated pulmonary veins (6) and sends it to the aorta (7), through the conduits (67) that cross the abdomen.
Figure 6 shows the lenticular, discoidal or cylindrical camera (41) that carries the coil (1) on one side and the ferromagnetic core in the centre. In the periphery it carries the conduits (39) with the valves (22).
Figure 7 shows the lenticular camera (41) that carries the coil (1) on one side and the ferromagnetic core in the centre. In the periphery it carries the ducts (39).
Figure 8 shows a pump (41a) of the discoidal or cylindrical type, formed by two circular plates, the upper (46), which is mobile, and the lower (47), which is fixed, internally reinforced by a metal plate (43), non-ferromagnetic. With two conduits (39), each with a fin valve (22). By applying current to the coil (1), which is fixed, it displaces the ferromagnetic core (40) and the Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-21 plate (46). The (m) is used to indicate moving elements. The peripheral edge is a semi-tubular, rubber, flexible and elastic that acts as a recovery spring once the current is extinguished.
Figure 9 shows a pump (41b) of the discoidal or cylindrical type, formed by two circular plates, the upper one (47), which is mobile, and the lower one (46) which is fixed, internally reinforced with a metal plate (43). non-ferromagnetic. With two conduits (39), each with a fin valve (22). By applying current to the coil (1), which is fixed, it attracts the ferromagnetic disc (48) and the plate (47) that acts as a membrane. The (m) is used to indicate moving elements.
The peripheral edge is tubular, almost toroidal, made of rubber, flexible and elastic and acts as a return spring when the current is extinguished.

10 Figure 10 shows a pump (41c) of the discoidal or cylindrical type, formed by two circular plates, the upper (46), which is mobile, and the lower (47), which is fixed, internally reinforced by a metal plate (43). non-ferromagnetic. With two conduits (39), each with a fin valve (22). By applying current to the coil (1), which is fixed, it displaces the ferromagnetic core (40) and the plate (46). The (m) is used to indicate moving elements. The peripheral edge is tubular, almost toroidal, made of rubber, flexible and elastic, which acts as a recovery spring once the current is extinguished.
Figure 11 shows a pump (41d) of the discoidal or cylindrical type, formed by two circular plates, the upper one (46), which is mobile, and the lower (47) which is fixed, internally reinforced by a metal plate (43). non-ferromagnetic. With two conduits (39), each with a fin valve (22). By applying current to the coil (1), which is mobile, it moves together with the plate (46) with respect to the magnetic disk (42). The (m) is used to indicate moving elements. The peripheral edge is formed by several concentric toroidal quasi-tubular elements.
Figure 12 shows a pump (41e) of the discoidal or cylindrical type, formed by two circular plates, the upper one (46), which is mobile, and the lower (47) which is fixed, internally reinforced by a metal plate (43). non-ferromagnetic. With two conduits (39), each with a fin valve (22). By applying current to the coil (1), which is fixed, it displaces the ferromagnetic core (40) and the plate (46). The (m) is used to indicate moving elements. The peripheral edge is made of elastic rubber, bellows type.
Figure 13 shows a pump (411) made up of two plates in the form of spherical caps, the innermost one attached to the stem (61) which is driven by the linear or piezoelectric actuator or Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-21

11 motor (60) and the outermost being fixed, internally reinforced by a metal plate. With two conduits (39), each with a fin valve (22). By applying current to the actuators or linear motors (60), the stem (61) is actuated that actuates the internal plate of the pump.
These transform their rotary movement into another alternative of the shaft (61). They are housed in the cavity to take advantage of the space.
Figure 14 shows a pump (41g) of the discoidal or cylindrical type, formed by two circular plates, the upper (46), which is mobile, and the lower (47), which is fixed, internally reinforced with a metal plate (43). non-ferromagnetic. The top plate adds a magnetic plate (44) which is repelled and both shifted downward when coil (1) is applied to power. With two conduits (39), each with a fin valve (22). The (m) is used to indicate moving elements. The peripheral edge is semi-oval in section.
Figure 15 shows two pumps or ventricles (41h) attached by their base or fixed plate (47), a schematic and partially cross-section view of two type pumps (41g) of the discoidal or cylindrical type, formed by two circular plates, the upper one (46), which is mobile, and the lower one (47) which is fixed and common to both, internally reinforced by a non-ferromagnetic metal plate (43). The top plate adds a magnetic plate (44) which is repelled and both moved downward when current is applied to the coil (1). With two conduits (39), each with a fin valve (22). The (m) is used to indicate moving elements. The peripheral edge is made of elastic rubber and semi-oval section.
Figure 16 shows the casing of the artificial heart (50), with the peripheral conduits (39) connectable by means of the quick disassembly fittings for the right ventricle (38d) and for the left ventricle (38i). And the electrical connectors, the (51d) for the right ventricle and the (51i) for the left.
Figure 17 shows the microprocessor that receives signals from the starter switch, accelerometers and gyros that detect sudden changes or excess movement, sensor of the amount of oxygen in the blood, detector of cardiac arrest, increase of work, tension or pressure of the substitute pumps. of the ventricles, pulsations and faults, it processes them and sends information about the state and operation of the machine, fault warning, data of pressure and pulse of the patient. Sending the pulsating current to the electromagnets (1) of the pump (2) that replaces the right ventricle and the pump (3) of the left ventricle that carry the fin valves (22) to the inlet and Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-21

12 outlet and that when pressing alternately the chambers (23), pump the blood to their respective arteries and veins.
In the description, lines and valves are shown on both sides of the pumps for ease of explanation. However, for each duct, the most suitable peripheral point can be used to join the corresponding veins and arteries.
Also the placement of the electromagnet and the ferromagnetic plates with respect to the pumps can be carried out in different ways, external, internal and integrated in the membrane, and of greater or lesser diameter.
The peripheral edges of all pumps are flexible and elastic: rubber or special silicones that act as a recovery spring once the current is extinguished.
In some chambers the elements marked with an (m) are mobile, the others are fixed or are fixed to the structure of the pumps.
The metallic mobile elements also other solid ones, allow to be observed from the outside by means of ultrasounds or x-rays.
The elements of the different systems can be interchanged with each other, for example electromagnets and actuators or linear motors.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-21

Claims

1 3

1. Electromechanical artificial heart, of the type that uses two or more suction pumps for membranes or diaphragms, wherein each pump is made up of a discoidal, lenticular, semi-lenticular or spherical or oval cap chamber, whose bases of the same shape carry in its interior a reinforcing plate (43), and to whose periphery two conduits are joined each with a check valve with flexible fins, the chamber has a wall that acts as a base or support and another that carries or acts as a membrane, the membrane attached to, or inside, a paramagnetic or ferromagnetic plate (made of soft iron or ferrite), a permanent magnet, or a ferromagnetic core which is attached and moves the plate that acts as a membrane being driven or displaced by a coil, electromagnet, actuator or linear motor, to which a sinusoidal electric current is applied with an oscillator or electronic multivibrator, which mechanically displaces or attracts it eo repels, applying an alternative movement that creates a chamber of variable volume (41) and together with the fin valves or leaflets (22) in the peripheral ducts, the impeller suction pump, in a semi-cycle, the current applied to the electromagnet separates or displaces the membrane towards the outside, increases its volume and sucks the blood from the front area, opening the inlet valve or valves through said suction, at the end of this half cycle, the suction ends, the inlet valves are closed and the electromagnet approaches or moves the membrane into the duct or chamber, opening the outlet valve or valves, reducing the volume and driving the blood towards the different organs, this is repeated in both chambers or pumps, the electromagnet attracts and repels the plate when it is it is a magnet or attracts a nucleus which displaces the plate that acts as a membrane, in the periphery of the chambers several membranes are used in parallel or a membrane of great thickness Regarding the whole, the electrical energy is applied to the rib cage or its exterior by different means, the control being carried out by means of a microprocessor

2. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the microprocessor is placed inside the rib cage.

3. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the microprocessor is placed outside the rib cage.

4. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the electrical energy is transferred to the interior of the rib cage by means of a transformer to which alternating current is applied to the external primary, sending a variable magnetic flux, which is received by the secondary, rectifier and battery, or a capacitor, inside the rib cage.

5. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the energy is transferred to the inside of the rib cage by means of a radio frequency transmitter located outside and is received by a receiver, rectifier and battery, or capacitor, inside the rib cage.

6. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the energy is transferred to the interior of the rib cage from the outside by means of a battery and conductors through the abdomen directly feeding the microprocessor.

7. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the microprocessor feeds two electromagnets (2e1) together and outside the abdomen and actuate the armatures of the pumps (2ar) that are together and in the internal area of the abdomen.

8. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the microprocessor feeds two external electromagnets (2e1) that move two magnets (2im) that in turn move the armatures (2ar) that are together and in the internal area of the abdomen.

9. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the microprocessor feeds a pump whose conduits (45) suck the blood from the superior and inferior vena cava (4) and send it to the pulmonary arteries (5).

10. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the microprocessor feeds a pump whose conduits (67) suck the oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins (6) and send it to the aorta (7).

11. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the circular or oval-shaped membrane (46) of each pump is attached to a ferromagnetic core (40) which is attracted when feeding the coil (1), compressing the chamber (41a) and expelling the blood through a conduit (39) and pressing the valves (22) at one end, when the current disappears, the plate or membrane rises driven by the elasticity of the peripheral rubber edge and the chamber expands, sucking the blood through the other conduit already through its valves.

12. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the circular or oval shaped membrane (46) of each pump is attached to a ferromagnetic plate (46) which is attracted when feeding the coil (1) compressing the chamber (41b) and expanding it when the current disappears.

13. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the circular or oval shaped membrane (46) of each pump is attached to a ferromagnetic core (40) which is attracted when feeding the coil (1) compressing the chamber (41c and 41f) As the current disappears, the plate or membrane rises driven by the elasticity of the peripheral rubber edge and the chamber expands.

14. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the circular or oval-shaped membrane (46) of each pump is attached to the coil (1), both being displaced when the coil is electrically powered, compressing the chamber (41d), as it disappears the current in the plate or membrane rises, actuated by the elasticity of the peripheral rubber edge and the chamber expands.

15. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the circular or oval shaped membrane (46) of each pump is attached to the coil (1), being attracted by the coil attached to the other plate (47) when both coils are electrically powered by compressing the chamber (41e), when the current disappears, the plate or membrane rises, actuated by the elasticity of the peripheral rubber edge and the chamber expands.

16. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the circular or oval-shaped membrane (46) of each pump is attached to a ferromagnetic plate (44) which is repelled when feeding the coil (1) compressing the chamber (41g), at the When the current disappears, the plate or membrane rises, actuated by the elasticity of the peripheral rubber edge and the chamber expands.

17. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the semi-lenticular pump (41f) made up of two plates in the form of spherical caps, the innermost one attached to the stem (61) which drives the linear or piezoelectric actuator or motor (60) and the outermost one that is fixed, internally reinforced by a metal plate, when applying current to the actuators or linear motors (60) the stem (61) that drives the internal plate of the pump is actuated, the motors transform their rotary movement into another reciprocating shaft (61).

18. Heart according to claim 17, wherein the chambers of the two ventricles are attached by their fixed faces providing a complete one-piece heart (41h) and covered with a casing (50) communicating with the outside the conduits (39) and the cables and electrical connectors (51d and 51i).

19. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the conduits of the respective ventricles are coupled to the different body elements by means of quick coupling fittings (38d and 38i).

20. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the fins of the valves are internally reinforced with steel strips, sheets or filaments.

21. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the transformers are additionally used to transfer radio frequency signals or pulse signals between the inside and outside of the rib cage.

22. Heart according to claim 1, wherein it carries leakage sensors between the different membranes and acoustic or visual alarms of breakage or failure of the driving or blood pumps.

23. Heart according to claim 1, wherein it adds an accumulator, regulator and applicator of a constant fluid flow.

24. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the peripheral edge that joins the two plates that make up each chamber, is made of elastic material and has a semi-toroidal or partially toroidal tubular shape.

25. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the peripheral edge that joins the two plates that make up each chamber is made of elastic material and has a semi-oval section shape.

26. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the peripheral edge that joins the two plates that make up each chamber, is made of elastic material and has the shape of a bellows.

27. Heart according to claim 1, wherein it carries blood pressure sensors, a system of mini or micro accelerometers or gyroscopes that detect increases in movement or effort, the microprocessor increasing the frequency of impulses or pressure of the pumps, according to the oxygen needs at all times and a respiratory rate sensor.

28. Heart according to claim 27, wherein the sensors when they are internal send a variable or oscillating alternating signal to the outside, or three oscillating signals, one when the pressure is low, for example less than 90 mm of mercury, another if the pressure is normal, between 90 and 120 mm and a third if it is high above 120 mm. These signals are captured from the outside and applied to the microprocessor.

29. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the materials used for its construction are biocompatible, inert, antitoxic, do not react with reactive materials, respect the environment, hemophobic, elastic or are covered with a layer of said material.

30. Heart according to claim 29, wherein polymers and especially elastomers will be used: vulcanized natural rubber (cispolisoprene), synthetic rubber (polyisoprene), artificial form of natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), nitrile rubber (NBR ), polychloroprene rubber (neoprene) and silicone rubber, polybutadiene and polisobutylene (vinyl polymer), special biomedical polymers such as fluorinated ones:
Teflon, polyamides, elastomers, silicones, polyesters, polycarbonates but especially those that are hemocompatible and anticoagulant, such as PET fibres , polytetrafluoroethylene foams, segmented polyurethanes and porous silicone, adding reinforcing materials such as graphene, graphene oxide or carbyne.

31. Heart according to claim 1, wherein the microprocessor receives signals from the start switch, accelerometers and gyroscopes that detect sudden changes or excess movement, a sensor for the amount of oxygen in the blood, a detector for cardiac arrest, increased work, tension or pressure. of the substitute pumps of the ventricles, pulsations and failures, processes them and sends information on the status and operation of the machine, failure warning, data of pressure and pulse of the patient, sending the pulsating current to the electromagnets (1) of the pump (2) that replaces the right ventricle and the pump (3) of the left ventricle, which carry the fin valves (22) to the inlet and outlet and that by alternately pressing the chambers (23), pump the blood to their respective arteries and veins.