CA3142063A1 - Wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method, and water resource migration monitoring and water disaster early warning method - Google Patents
Wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method, and water resource migration monitoring and water disaster early warning method Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
Abstract
A wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method, and a water resource migration monitoring and water disaster early warning method. In the coal mining method, a normal wall working face is divided along the strike direction into "mining-filling" and "mining-retaining" mining blocks alternately arranged; no coal pillar is retained between mining roadways in a "mining-filling" mining block (1), and a roadway with the excavation completed is filled; narrow coal pillars (10) are retained between mining roadways in a "mining-retaining" mining block (2), and a roadway with the excavation completed is not filled.In the early warning method, an infrared thermal imaging system is used for observing surface infrared radiation information of an excavation space, and predicting and forecasting a dynamic disaster such as backfill object or narrow coal pillar instability. An water resource migration monitoring and water disaster early warning system is used for comprehensive monitoring, early warning, and reasonable evaluation of water resource loss in a mining area caused by coal mining and water disasters easy to occur in a mining stope.
Description
Description WALL CONTINUOUS MINING AND CONTINUOUS FILLING WATER-PRESERVED
COAL MINING METHOD, AND WATER RESOURCE MIGRATION MONITORING AND
WATER DISASTER EARLY WARNING METHOD
Technical Field The present invention relates to a coal mining method, in particular to a wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method, and water resource migration monitoring and water disaster early warning method, and belongs to the technical field of coal mining.
Background Art The northwest China region has abundant shallow coal seams, and is an important energy base in China. However, it is located in an arid or semi-arid continental climate zone, where the water resources are in short and the ecosystem is fragile, with an ecological crisis further aggravated by large-scale coal mining activities. The coordination between coal mining and ecological environment protection is always one of the major problems to be solved urgently in coal mining in the northwest China region. Therefore, it is of great significance to take certain technical measures to protect the aquifer structures in the process of coal mining to maintain the balance of the ecological system.
Since the idea and method of "water-preserved coal mining" was put forward in 1990s, a technological system of water-preserved mining aiming at protecting the ecological water level has been preliminarily formed through the development in almost 30 years. The researches have proved that cut and fill mining is one of the effective ways to realize water-preserved mining in shallow coal seams. However, there are factors that limit the wide and large-scale application of traditional cut and fill mining techniques, mainly including the difficulties in coordination between coal mining and backfilling, increased cost caused by low backfilling efficiency and low utilization ratio of backfilling masses, and poor adaptability of the simple coal mining method to the complex and varying field environments, etc.. In order to reduce the limitation of the existing cut and fill mining method, a water-preserved mining method in the way of "backfilling while mining" has been proposed in recent years, which can overcome the difficulties in the coordination between coal mining and backfilling successfully. However, the entire roadway mining while backfilling method not only results in waste of the backfilling materials but also increases the backfilling cost, and decreases the coal mining efficiency to a certain extent. Consequently, it is difficult to apply the method widely.
Contents of the Invention In order to overcome the drawbacks in the prior art, the present invention provides a wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method, and water resource migration monitoring and water disaster early warning method, which ensures continuous, stable and efficient coal mining at the working face, reduces the backfilling cost, improves the utilization ratio of backfilling materials and the coal mining efficiency, can comprehensively monitor the loss of water resources in the mining area and water disasters prone to occur in the stope incurred by coal mining Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 and provide warning, and carry out evaluation rationally, and has wide applicability.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: dividing the working face into several groups of "mining-backfilling"
mining blocks and "mining-reserving" mining blocks arranged alternately along the orientation of the working face;
mining the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks and the "mining-reserving"
mining blocks in the form of wide-roadway heading, reserving no coal pillar between the mined roadways and backfilling the mined roadways in the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks, while reserving narrow coal pillars between the mined roadways and leaving the mined roadways unfilled in the "mining-reserving"
mining blocks;
step 2: arranging an auxiliary haulage roadway and a main haulage roadway along the orientation of the working face, and excavating through-cuts in the edge of the working face in the slope direction to form ventilation loops, wherein each cycle of wide-roadway excavation along the entire working face is equivalent to a normal cutting feed of a long-wall face coal cutter, and the width of the wide roadway is equal to the depth of a cutting feed of the coal cutter, i.e., the mining area is arranged in the form of long-wall face stoping;
step 3: dividing each "mining-backfilling" mining block into m mining sections in the advancing direction of the working face, with the mining section at the edge of the mining block and near a through-cut denoted as a first mining section, and the rest mining sections sorted orderly; dividing n mining wide roadways in each mining section in a direction perpendicular or inclined to the orientation of the working face, with the mining wide roadway at the edge of the mining section and near the through-cut denoted as a first mining wide roadway, and the rest mining wide roadways sorted orderly;
step 4: in each "mining-backfilling" mining block, firstly, mining the first mining wide roadway Ril in the first mining section, and then mining the first mining wide roadway R21 in the second mining section, and so on, till the first mining wide roadway Rmi in the mil' mining section is mined; in each mining section, skipping a wide roadway from the first wide roadway and mining the third wide roadway R13 in the first mining section, then mining the third mining wide roadway R23 in the second mining section sequentially, and so on, till the third mining wide roadway Rm3 in the /nth mining section is mined; carrying out mining in the above mining sequence after all odd-numbered wide roadways in the mining section are mined, till all odd-numbered wide roadways in each mining section are mined;
then, mining the second mining wide roadway R12 in the first mining section first, then mining the second mining wide roadway R22 in the second mining section, and so on, till the second mining wide roadway Rm2 in the mil' mining section is mined; in each mining section, skipping a wide roadway from the first wide roadway and mining the fourth wide roadway Ri4 in the first mining section, and then mining the fourth mining wide roadway R24 in the second mining section sequentially, and so on, till the fourth mining wide roadway Rm4 in the mil' mining section is mined; mining in the above mining sequence, till all even-numbered mining wide roadways in the mining section are mined;
step 5: backfilling the first mining wide roadway in the first mining section immediately after it is mined, and mining the third mining wide roadway in the first mining section at the same time, thus
COAL MINING METHOD, AND WATER RESOURCE MIGRATION MONITORING AND
WATER DISASTER EARLY WARNING METHOD
Technical Field The present invention relates to a coal mining method, in particular to a wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method, and water resource migration monitoring and water disaster early warning method, and belongs to the technical field of coal mining.
Background Art The northwest China region has abundant shallow coal seams, and is an important energy base in China. However, it is located in an arid or semi-arid continental climate zone, where the water resources are in short and the ecosystem is fragile, with an ecological crisis further aggravated by large-scale coal mining activities. The coordination between coal mining and ecological environment protection is always one of the major problems to be solved urgently in coal mining in the northwest China region. Therefore, it is of great significance to take certain technical measures to protect the aquifer structures in the process of coal mining to maintain the balance of the ecological system.
Since the idea and method of "water-preserved coal mining" was put forward in 1990s, a technological system of water-preserved mining aiming at protecting the ecological water level has been preliminarily formed through the development in almost 30 years. The researches have proved that cut and fill mining is one of the effective ways to realize water-preserved mining in shallow coal seams. However, there are factors that limit the wide and large-scale application of traditional cut and fill mining techniques, mainly including the difficulties in coordination between coal mining and backfilling, increased cost caused by low backfilling efficiency and low utilization ratio of backfilling masses, and poor adaptability of the simple coal mining method to the complex and varying field environments, etc.. In order to reduce the limitation of the existing cut and fill mining method, a water-preserved mining method in the way of "backfilling while mining" has been proposed in recent years, which can overcome the difficulties in the coordination between coal mining and backfilling successfully. However, the entire roadway mining while backfilling method not only results in waste of the backfilling materials but also increases the backfilling cost, and decreases the coal mining efficiency to a certain extent. Consequently, it is difficult to apply the method widely.
Contents of the Invention In order to overcome the drawbacks in the prior art, the present invention provides a wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method, and water resource migration monitoring and water disaster early warning method, which ensures continuous, stable and efficient coal mining at the working face, reduces the backfilling cost, improves the utilization ratio of backfilling materials and the coal mining efficiency, can comprehensively monitor the loss of water resources in the mining area and water disasters prone to occur in the stope incurred by coal mining Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 and provide warning, and carry out evaluation rationally, and has wide applicability.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: dividing the working face into several groups of "mining-backfilling"
mining blocks and "mining-reserving" mining blocks arranged alternately along the orientation of the working face;
mining the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks and the "mining-reserving"
mining blocks in the form of wide-roadway heading, reserving no coal pillar between the mined roadways and backfilling the mined roadways in the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks, while reserving narrow coal pillars between the mined roadways and leaving the mined roadways unfilled in the "mining-reserving"
mining blocks;
step 2: arranging an auxiliary haulage roadway and a main haulage roadway along the orientation of the working face, and excavating through-cuts in the edge of the working face in the slope direction to form ventilation loops, wherein each cycle of wide-roadway excavation along the entire working face is equivalent to a normal cutting feed of a long-wall face coal cutter, and the width of the wide roadway is equal to the depth of a cutting feed of the coal cutter, i.e., the mining area is arranged in the form of long-wall face stoping;
step 3: dividing each "mining-backfilling" mining block into m mining sections in the advancing direction of the working face, with the mining section at the edge of the mining block and near a through-cut denoted as a first mining section, and the rest mining sections sorted orderly; dividing n mining wide roadways in each mining section in a direction perpendicular or inclined to the orientation of the working face, with the mining wide roadway at the edge of the mining section and near the through-cut denoted as a first mining wide roadway, and the rest mining wide roadways sorted orderly;
step 4: in each "mining-backfilling" mining block, firstly, mining the first mining wide roadway Ril in the first mining section, and then mining the first mining wide roadway R21 in the second mining section, and so on, till the first mining wide roadway Rmi in the mil' mining section is mined; in each mining section, skipping a wide roadway from the first wide roadway and mining the third wide roadway R13 in the first mining section, then mining the third mining wide roadway R23 in the second mining section sequentially, and so on, till the third mining wide roadway Rm3 in the /nth mining section is mined; carrying out mining in the above mining sequence after all odd-numbered wide roadways in the mining section are mined, till all odd-numbered wide roadways in each mining section are mined;
then, mining the second mining wide roadway R12 in the first mining section first, then mining the second mining wide roadway R22 in the second mining section, and so on, till the second mining wide roadway Rm2 in the mil' mining section is mined; in each mining section, skipping a wide roadway from the first wide roadway and mining the fourth wide roadway Ri4 in the first mining section, and then mining the fourth mining wide roadway R24 in the second mining section sequentially, and so on, till the fourth mining wide roadway Rm4 in the mil' mining section is mined; mining in the above mining sequence, till all even-numbered mining wide roadways in the mining section are mined;
step 5: backfilling the first mining wide roadway in the first mining section immediately after it is mined, and mining the third mining wide roadway in the first mining section at the same time, thus
2 Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 forming a simultaneous operation mode at the mining face and the backfilling face in the mining block, till all odd-numbered mining wide roadways in all mining sections are mined and backfilled;
wherein in the case that n is an odd number, the even-numbered mining wide roadways in all mining sections are mined only but not backfilled; in the case that n is an even number, the mining wide roadway at the boundary of the "mining-backfilling" mining block is backfilled after it is mined, while the even-numbered mining wide roadways in all remaining mining sections are mined only but not backfilled;
step 6: dividing each "mining-reserving" mining block into several mining wide roadways II and narrow coal pillars arranged alternately, sorting the mining wide roadways II
orderly in the advancing direction of the working face and mining them sequentially; specifically, mining the mining wide roadways in each mining block without backfilling, i.e., only mining faces II
exist in the mining block, till all mining wide roadways II in the mining block are mined;
step 7: according to the mining sequence and principle for the mining wide roadways and mining wide roadways II specified in the step 3 to step 6, arranging a plurality of mining faces respectively in the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks and the "mining-reserving" mining blocks, and mining the mining wide roadways simultaneously and backfilling the mining wide roadways that meet the criteria specified in the step 5; according to the mining sequence and principle for the mining wide roadways and the mining wide roadways II specified in the step 3 to step 6, arranging a plurality of "mining-backfilling" mining blocks and "mining-reserving" mining blocks in the working face and mining them simultaneously, thus forming multi-heading parallel operation, till the entire working face is mined.
The "mining-backfilling" mining blocks are used as the main mining blocks, and the branch roadways are mined and backfilled by means of wide roadway driving; the "mining-reserving" mining blocks are also mined by means of wide roadway driving, but narrow coal pillars are reserved there to make coordination between the coal mining ratio and the backfilling ratio. By controlling the mining parameters and backfilling parameters during wide roadway driving in the "mining-backfilling"
mining blocks and the "mining-reserving" mining blocks, the development of the water-conducting fissures in the overlaying strata can be adjusted and controlled effectively, reasonably and timely, so as to realize water-preserved coal mining and optimize the overall coal mining benefits.
Preferably, in the step 1, the mining blocks are main mining blocks, and the ratio of advancing length of the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks to the advancing length of the "mining-reserving" mining blocks is at least 2:1.
Preferably, when a plurality of working faces are arranged in the "mining-backfilling" mining block and mined and backfilled simultaneously in the step 7, the number of backfilling faces should not be greater than the number of mining faces, and the backfilling face and the mining face should be separated from each other at least by a mining wide roadway or a roadway that has been backfilled and reached specified bearing strength.
Furthermore, in the process of wide roadway mining in the "mining-backfilling"
mining blocks, the backfilling ratio of the mining wide roadways in the "mining-backfilling"
mining blocks is controlled by calculating whether the development of water-conducting fissures in the overlaying strata penetrate the confining stratum; the relationship between the development height of the water-
wherein in the case that n is an odd number, the even-numbered mining wide roadways in all mining sections are mined only but not backfilled; in the case that n is an even number, the mining wide roadway at the boundary of the "mining-backfilling" mining block is backfilled after it is mined, while the even-numbered mining wide roadways in all remaining mining sections are mined only but not backfilled;
step 6: dividing each "mining-reserving" mining block into several mining wide roadways II and narrow coal pillars arranged alternately, sorting the mining wide roadways II
orderly in the advancing direction of the working face and mining them sequentially; specifically, mining the mining wide roadways in each mining block without backfilling, i.e., only mining faces II
exist in the mining block, till all mining wide roadways II in the mining block are mined;
step 7: according to the mining sequence and principle for the mining wide roadways and mining wide roadways II specified in the step 3 to step 6, arranging a plurality of mining faces respectively in the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks and the "mining-reserving" mining blocks, and mining the mining wide roadways simultaneously and backfilling the mining wide roadways that meet the criteria specified in the step 5; according to the mining sequence and principle for the mining wide roadways and the mining wide roadways II specified in the step 3 to step 6, arranging a plurality of "mining-backfilling" mining blocks and "mining-reserving" mining blocks in the working face and mining them simultaneously, thus forming multi-heading parallel operation, till the entire working face is mined.
The "mining-backfilling" mining blocks are used as the main mining blocks, and the branch roadways are mined and backfilled by means of wide roadway driving; the "mining-reserving" mining blocks are also mined by means of wide roadway driving, but narrow coal pillars are reserved there to make coordination between the coal mining ratio and the backfilling ratio. By controlling the mining parameters and backfilling parameters during wide roadway driving in the "mining-backfilling"
mining blocks and the "mining-reserving" mining blocks, the development of the water-conducting fissures in the overlaying strata can be adjusted and controlled effectively, reasonably and timely, so as to realize water-preserved coal mining and optimize the overall coal mining benefits.
Preferably, in the step 1, the mining blocks are main mining blocks, and the ratio of advancing length of the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks to the advancing length of the "mining-reserving" mining blocks is at least 2:1.
Preferably, when a plurality of working faces are arranged in the "mining-backfilling" mining block and mined and backfilled simultaneously in the step 7, the number of backfilling faces should not be greater than the number of mining faces, and the backfilling face and the mining face should be separated from each other at least by a mining wide roadway or a roadway that has been backfilled and reached specified bearing strength.
Furthermore, in the process of wide roadway mining in the "mining-backfilling"
mining blocks, the backfilling ratio of the mining wide roadways in the "mining-backfilling"
mining blocks is controlled by calculating whether the development of water-conducting fissures in the overlaying strata penetrate the confining stratum; the relationship between the development height of the water-
3 Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 conducting fissures in the overlaying strata and the backfilling ratio is be expressed as follows:
Hu2p (1-0+1j+ =0 where, Hui, is the development height of the water-conducting fissures in the overlaying strata, in unit of m; A/ is the thickness of the coal seam, in unit of m; ri is the backfilling ratio, i.e., the ratio of the volume of the fully compacted filling body in the mining wide roadway to the volume of the mined coal; 2 is an influencing coefficient of the development of water-conducting fissures in the overlying strata, which is affected by factors such as geological conditions, coal mining technology and backfilling technology.
Based on the theory of equivalent permeability coefficient of the rock strata in the permeation fluid mechanics, the equivalent permeability coefficient of each rock stratum above the water-conducting fracture zone of the overlying strata is calculated respectively, and the permeability change of the equivalent confining bed of the overlying strata in the process of wide roadway driving and backfilling is analyzed to judge whether the overlying strata can meet the requirements of water-preserved coal mining.
Furthermore, in the process of wide roadway driving in the "mining-reserving"
blocks, the number of gobs of mining wide roadway is controlled by calculating the ultimate strength of the narrow coal pillars; the number n of gobs of mining wide roadway that can prevent instability of the narrow coal pillars in the "mining-reserving" blocks should meet the following criterion:
[a] Sp f n __________________________________________ rkfF(Sp+Sc.)2 where, [a] is the compressive strength of the coal pillars, in unit of MPa; F
is the safety coefficient of the coal pillars; Sp is the width of the narrow coal pillars, in unit of m; S, is the width of the mining wide roadways, in unit of m;f is the Protodyakonov coefficient; y is the average bulk density of rock, in unit of N/m3; kf is the correction coefficient of pressure arch.
Furthermore, after the mining wide roadways are backfilled, the subsidence of the th rock stratum above the immediate roof of the coal seam is as follows:
(nb12+ H 2 COt 9)1 Ix ¨
(i 2) w (x) = U (nb I 2 + H cot 9) \ (nb 2 + H cot 9) the amount of the horizontal deformation is:
(nb 1 2 + H2 Cot 0)2 e = _________________________________ 4 U 2 + 1 -1 (i 2) (rib/ 2+ H cot 0) where, U is the subsidence of the immediate roof, in unit of m; n is the number of the mining wide roadways; b is the width of the mining wide roadways, in unit of m; H is the vertical distance from the ith rock stratum above the immediate roof of the coal seam to the immediate roof, in unit of m; H2 is the vertical distance from the main roof to the immediate roof, in unit of m; 0 is the angle of
Hu2p (1-0+1j+ =0 where, Hui, is the development height of the water-conducting fissures in the overlaying strata, in unit of m; A/ is the thickness of the coal seam, in unit of m; ri is the backfilling ratio, i.e., the ratio of the volume of the fully compacted filling body in the mining wide roadway to the volume of the mined coal; 2 is an influencing coefficient of the development of water-conducting fissures in the overlying strata, which is affected by factors such as geological conditions, coal mining technology and backfilling technology.
Based on the theory of equivalent permeability coefficient of the rock strata in the permeation fluid mechanics, the equivalent permeability coefficient of each rock stratum above the water-conducting fracture zone of the overlying strata is calculated respectively, and the permeability change of the equivalent confining bed of the overlying strata in the process of wide roadway driving and backfilling is analyzed to judge whether the overlying strata can meet the requirements of water-preserved coal mining.
Furthermore, in the process of wide roadway driving in the "mining-reserving"
blocks, the number of gobs of mining wide roadway is controlled by calculating the ultimate strength of the narrow coal pillars; the number n of gobs of mining wide roadway that can prevent instability of the narrow coal pillars in the "mining-reserving" blocks should meet the following criterion:
[a] Sp f n __________________________________________ rkfF(Sp+Sc.)2 where, [a] is the compressive strength of the coal pillars, in unit of MPa; F
is the safety coefficient of the coal pillars; Sp is the width of the narrow coal pillars, in unit of m; S, is the width of the mining wide roadways, in unit of m;f is the Protodyakonov coefficient; y is the average bulk density of rock, in unit of N/m3; kf is the correction coefficient of pressure arch.
Furthermore, after the mining wide roadways are backfilled, the subsidence of the th rock stratum above the immediate roof of the coal seam is as follows:
(nb12+ H 2 COt 9)1 Ix ¨
(i 2) w (x) = U (nb I 2 + H cot 9) \ (nb 2 + H cot 9) the amount of the horizontal deformation is:
(nb 1 2 + H2 Cot 0)2 e = _________________________________ 4 U 2 + 1 -1 (i 2) (rib/ 2+ H cot 0) where, U is the subsidence of the immediate roof, in unit of m; n is the number of the mining wide roadways; b is the width of the mining wide roadways, in unit of m; H is the vertical distance from the ith rock stratum above the immediate roof of the coal seam to the immediate roof, in unit of m; H2 is the vertical distance from the main roof to the immediate roof, in unit of m; 0 is the angle of
4 Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 influence of strata movement, in unit of degree.
Furthermore, owing to the fact that local stress concentration may occur easily in the backfilling mass and the narrow coal pillars in the bearing process, fractures may occur locally, leading to differentiation and discretization of the infrared radiation temperature field and abrupt change of the infrared radiation index.
Therefore, in the mining process of the wide roadways in the step 4, the backfilling process of the wide roadways in the step 5, and the mining process of the wide roadways II in the step 6, an infrared thermal imaging system is utilized to observe surface infrared radiation information of the coal and rock mass at the mining faces, the surface infrared radiation information of the backfilling mass, and the surface infrared radiation information of the coal and rock mass and narrow coal pillars at the mining faces, so as to monitoring the locations of the water bodies, water inrush or water resource migration, stability of the backfilling mass, and stability of the narrow coal pillars and provide warning.
If there is no abrupt change in the infrared radiation index, it indicates that the backfilling mass and coal pillars are stable; if the infrared radiation index changes abruptly (the amplitude of the abruptly changed index is 10 times of the amplitude before the abrupt change or greater), it indicates that the backfilling mass and the coal pillars will be unstable; thus, the dynamic disasters of the coal and rock can be predicted and forecast.
Furthermore, the deep circulation of hidden water in coal mine and its infiltration into the surrounding rock mass will cause changes in the temperature field of the coal-bearing rock mass near the water body, and thereby cause changes in the infrared radiation. However, the essence and degree of such changes are determined by the scale of the water body and the water pressure.
A water body has different influences on the surface and interior of the driving space ranging from near to far, resulting in different degrees of change in the infrared field strength at certain depth inside the coal and rock mass.
If the infrared radiation index changes gradually with the advancing of the mining face, it indicates that there is a water body ahead of the mining face; in that case, the specific orientation of the water body is detected with a geological radar; if the infrared radiation index changes abruptly, i.e., the amplitude of the abruptly changed index is 10 times of the amplitude before the abrupt change or greater, it indicates that water inrush will occur at the mining face; in that case, an infrared thermal imaging system is utilized to observe the infrared radiation information at the mining face, so as to predict the location of the water body and water inrush or water resource migration and provide warning.
A water resource migration monitoring and water disaster warning system, comprising a long-range detection system, a short-range observation system, a critical range monitoring system, a data acquisition system, a data analysis system, a water resource migration evaluation system, and a water disaster warning system, wherein:
the long-range detection system comprises a remote sensing satellite, an unmanned aerial vehicle, and remote sensing image processing software, and is configured to detect the change of the surface water system in the mining area caused by coal seam mining;
Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 the short-range observation system comprises a hydrological observation borehole, a CT observation borehole, a water level gauge, a water quality detector, a groundwater flow or direction meter, a roadway water gush monitor, and an advance detection borehole, and is configured to observe the condition of groundwater migration incurred by coal seam mining in real time;
the critical-range monitoring system comprises a borehole stress gauge and an infrared explosion-proof thermal imager, and is configured to monitor the water gush, stress and temperature changes in the stope during coal seam mining;
the data acquisition system comprises data acquisition devices, a data transmission system, system substations and a master station, and is configured to collect the data monitored by the long-range detection system, the short-range observation system, and the critical-range monitoring system to the system substations and the master station through wireless and wired transmission;
the data analysis system analyzes the collected data in the database, analyzes the parameters in the mining area, including surface fissure distribution density (DL), development height of fissures in overlaying strata (FL), density of surface water network (SW), groundwater level (DS), water quality (QI), water gush in the mine shaft (YS), stope stress (YL) and infrared radiation temperature (WD), with preprogrammed computer programs, and generates multi-variable correlation curves, duration curves, and contour line according to different attribute data;
the water resource migration evaluation system is an evaluation system based on the data analysis system, and can calculate a coal mining disturbance index (W) and establish a functional relation with the water resource migration evaluation indexes with mathematical techniques, namely:
MI = f (DL, FL, SW , DS , / YS) in addition, it classifies the influence of coal mining on the water resources in the mining area into four levels according to the coal mining disturbance index: severe water resource loss, moderate water resource loss, slight water resource loss, and no influence, and thereby evaluates the water resource loss in the mining area incurred by coal mining;
the water disaster warning system is a discrimination system based on the data analysis system, and it discriminates the indexes, including groundwater level (DS), water quality (QI), water gush in the mine shaft (YS), stope stress (YL) and infrared radiation temperature (WD), and utilizes a multi-source information comprehensive discrimination method, which is to say, when a discrimination index reaches the warning threshold, it analyzes the data of all discrimination indexes, assigns a corresponding risk rating, classifies different types of water disasters into different levels, and provides corresponding handling schemes against different levels.
A water resource migration monitoring and water disaster warning method, comprising the following steps:
step 1: carrying out aerial photography on the surface of the mining area by means of a remote sensing satellite and an unmanned aerial vehicle, and preprocessing the photographs, such as correction, cropping and stitching, with professional remote sensing image processing software, so as to obtain the data of surface water system and fissure distribution;
Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 step 2: arranging a hydrological observation borehole at an appropriate location in the mining area, mounting a water level gauge, a rapid water quality analyzer and a groundwater flow or direction meter at the phreatic water level or water-bearing stratum in the borehole to collect the data such as groundwater level, water quality, flow rate, flow direction and particle size, etc.;
step 3: arranging a group of CT observation boreholes on the ground surface at 20m interval in the advancing direction of the working face before mining the working face; using every two adjacent boreholes as a transmitting borehole and a receiving borehole of the CT
borehole detection system respectively, and observing the development of the fissures in the overlying strata that are not disturbed by mining;
step 4: arranging a borehole stress gauge and an infrared explosion-proof thermal imager at the coal mining and heading faces respectively, and collecting the stope stress and infrared radiation data in real time in the coal seam mining process;
step 5: transmitting the data acquired by the monitoring devices to the substations in the zones via a data acquisition system and finally uploading the data to the master station of the system;
step 6: analyzing the data of each evaluation index by using a data analysis system, to obtain the law of change of each index;
step 7: evaluating the influence of coal mining on the loss of water resources in the mining area by using a water resource migration evaluation system, and adjusting the mining method in time;
step 8: analyzing the collected data by using a water disaster warning system, to judge the risk of various water disasters confronted in the mine production, define corresponding warning levels for different water disasters, and provide corresponding handling solutions.
The wall continuous mining and continuous backfilling water-preserved coal mining method, and water resource migration monitoring and water disaster early warning method makes the coal mining ratio coordinated with the backfilling ratio at the cost of a small fraction of the recovery ratio, realizes efficient coal mining by adjusting the number of working faces simultaneously mined in the mining blocks, and improves the utilization ratio of the backfilling material by flexibly controlling the backfilling ratio of the "mining-reserving" blocks, thus further optimizes the overall benefits of coal mining. Besides, by analyzing the permeability change of the equivalent confining bed of the overlying strata in the wide roadway driving and backfilling process, the method can judge whether the overlying strata meet the requirements of water-preserved coal mining; in addition, by observing the surface infrared radiation information of the mining space with an infrared thermal imaging system, the method can predict dynamic disasters, locations of water bodies, and water inrush or water resource migration and provide warning; the present invention further discloses a real-time water resource migration monitoring and warning system, which can comprehensively monitor the condition of water resource loss in the mining area and water disasters prone to occur in the stope incurred by coal mining and provide warning, and carry out evaluation rationally. The method has high adaptability to the geological conditions and mine pressure environments in the field, broadens the applicable conditions of the water-preserved coal mining method, is a potential water-preserved coal mining method, and has broad application prospects and great value for wide application.
Description of Drawings Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of mining roadway layout and mining block division in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of dividing a "mining-backfilling" mining block into mining sections in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the division of mining wide roadways in a mining section in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of mining and backfilling the odd-numbered mining wide roadways in a "mining-backfilling" mining block in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of mining the even-numbered mining wide roadways in a "mining-backfilling" mining block in the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the completion of mining and backfilling in the "mining-backfilling" mining block in the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the division of wide roadways and reserved narrow coal pillars in a "mining-reserving" mining block in the present invention;
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of mining a "mining-reserving" mining block in the present invention;
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating the completion of mining in the "mining-reserving" mining block in the present invention;
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of multi-heading mining in the mining blocks and parallel operation of multiple mining blocks in the present invention;
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating the completion of mining and backfilling of the entire working face in the present invention;
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the water resource migration monitoring and water disaster warning system in the present invention;
Fig. 13 is a top view of the water resource migration monitoring and water disaster warning system in the present invention.
In the figures: 1 - "mining-backfilling" mining block; 2 - "mining-reserving"
mining block; 3 -auxiliary haulage roadway; 4 - through-cut; 5 - main haulage roadway; 6 -mining section; 7 - mining wide roadway; 8 - mining face; 9- backfilling face; 10- narrow coal pillar; 11 - mining wide roadway II; 12 - mining face II; 13 - long-range detection system; 14 - short-range observation system; 15 -critical-range monitoring system; 16 - data acquisition system; 17-1 - data analysis system; 17-2 -water resource migration evaluation system; 17-3 - water disaster warning system; 18 - hydrological observation borehole; 19 - CT observation borehole.
Embodiments Hereunder the present invention will be detailed in embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The present invention provides a wall continuous mining and continuous backfilling water-preserved Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 coal mining method, which comprises the following steps:
As shown in Fig. 1, in step 1, the working face is divided into several groups of "mining-backfilling"
mining blocks 1 and "mining-reserving" mining blocks 2 arranged alternately along the orientation of the working face; the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks 1 and the "mining-reserving" mining blocks 2 are mined in the form of wide roadway heading, no coal pillar is reserved between the mined roadways in the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks 1 and the mined roadways are backfilled, while narrow coal pillars 10 are reserved between the mined roadways in the "mining-reserving" mining blocks 2, and the mined roadways are left unfilled;
In this embodiment, the advancing length of the long-wall working face is the advancing length along the orientation of a normal long-wall working face, and the width is the slope length of the normal long-wall working face; in addition, in view of the wide roadway mining and backfilling efficiency and ventilation requirements, the advancing width does not exceed 200m;
In the process of advancing, in order to coordinate the mining ratio with the backfilling ratio and ensure the yield of the coal in the main mining blocks, the ratio of the advancing length of the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks 1 to that of the "mining-reserving" mining block 2 is not smaller than 2:1;
thus, the purposes of improving the coal mining efficiency, controlling the backfilling cost and realizing water-preserved coal mining are achieved simultaneously, and the overall benefits of coal mining are further optimized.
In step 2, an auxiliary haulage roadway 3 and a main haulage roadway 5 are arranged along the orientation of the working face, and through-cuts 4 are excavated in the edge of the working face in the slope direction to form ventilation loops, wherein each cycle of wide-roadway excavation along the entire working face is equivalent to a normal cutting feed of a long-wall face coal cutter, and the width of the wide roadway is equal to the depth of a cutting feed of the coal cutter, i.e., the mining area is arranged in the form of long-wall face mining;
As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, in step 3, each "mining-backfilling" mining block 1 is divided into m mining sections 6 in the advancing direction of the working face, with the mining section at the edge of the mining block and near a through-cut 4 denoted as the first mining section, and the rest mining sections 6 sorted orderly; n mining wide roadways 7 are divided in each mining section 6 in a direction perpendicular or inclined to the orientation of the working face, with the mining wide roadway at the edge of the mining section 6 and near the through-cut 4 denoted as the first mining wide roadway, and the rest mining wide roadways 7 sorted orderly;
In this embodiment, the "mining-backfilling" mining block 1 is divided into three mining sections 6 in the advancing direction of the working face, and four mining wide roadways 7 are divided in each mining section 6;
In step 4, in each "mining-backfilling" mining block 1, the first mining wide roadway Ril in the first mining section is mined first, and then the first mining wide roadway R21 in the second mining section is mined, and so on, till the first mining wide roadway R31 in the third mining section is mined; in each mining section, a wide roadway from the first wide roadway is skipped and the third wide roadway Ri3 in the first mining section is mined, then the third mining wide roadway R23 in the second mining section is mined sequentially, and so on, till the third mining wide roadway R33 in the third mining section is mined; after all odd-numbered mining wide roadways 7 in all mining sections 6 are Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 mined, the second mining wide roadway Ri2 in the first mining section is mined, and then the second mining wide roadway R22 in the second mining section is mined sequentially, and so on, till the second mining wide roadway R32 in the third mining section is mined; in each mining section, a wide roadway from the first wide roadway is skipped and the fourth wide roadway Ri4 in the first mining section is mined, and then the fourth mining wide roadway R24 in the second mining section sequentially is mined, and so on, till the fourth mining wide roadway R34 in the third mining section is mined; the mining is carried out in the above mining sequence, till all even-numbered mining wide roadways in the mining sections 6 are mined.
In step 5, the first mining wide roadway in the first mining section is backfilled immediately after it is mined, and the third mining wide roadway in the first mining section is mined at the same time, thus forming a simultaneous operation mode at the mining face 8 and the backfilling face 9 in the mining block, till all odd-numbered mining wide roadways in all mining sections 6 are mined and backfilled; in this embodiment, n is an even number 4; thus, the mining wide roadway at the boundary of the "mining-backfilling" mining block 1 is backfilled after it is mined, while the even-numbered mining wide roadways in all mining sections 6 are mined only but not backfilled;
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of mining and backfilling the odd-numbered mining wide roadways in the "mining-backfilling" mining block 1; Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of mining the even-numbered mining wide roadway in the "mining-backfilling" mining block 1; Fig.
6 shows a schematic diagram illustrating the completion of mining and backfilling in the "mining-backfilling" mining block 1;
In step 6, each "mining-reserving" mining block 2 is divided into several mining wide roadways II 11 and narrow coal pillars 10 arranged alternately, the mining wide roadways II
11 are sorted orderly in the advancing direction of the working face and mined sequentially;
specifically, the mining wide roadways in each mining block are mined without backfilling, till all mining wide roadways II 11 in the mining block are mined;
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the division of mining wide roadways II 11 and reserved narrow coal pillars 10 in the "mining-reserving" mining block 2; Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of mining the mining wide roadway II 11 in the "mining-reserving" mining block 2 sequentially from Ri, R2, R3 to R4 in the advancing direction of the working face; Fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram illustrating the completion of mining in the "mining-reserving" mining block 2;
As shown in Fig. 10, in step 7, according to the mining sequence and principle for the mining wide roadways specified in the step 3 to step 6, a plurality of mining faces 8 and 12 are arranged respectively in the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks 1 and the "mining-reserving" mining blocks 2, and the mining wide roadways are mined simultaneously, and the mining wide roadways that meet the criteria specified in the step 5 are backfilled; at the same time, a plurality of "mining-backfilling"
mining blocks 1 and "mining-reserving" mining blocks 2 are arranged in the working face and mined simultaneously, forming multi-heading parallel operation, till the mining of the entire working face is completed; Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating the completion of mining and backfilling of the entire working face.
Wherein, in the process of wide roadway mining in the "mining-backfilling"
mining blocks, the backfilling ratio of the mining wide roadways in the "mining-backfilling"
mining blocks is controlled 11,) Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 by calculating whether the development of water-conducting fissures in the overlaying strata penetrates the confining stratum:
Assuming that the fissures in the overlying strata have developed to the nth rock stratum above the coal seam, and a unit rock mass is taken at the edge of fissure development, the length of the unit rock mass is ch, the height of it is 2y, the distance from the upper or lower boundary of the unit rock mass to the horizontal symmetry axis is y, and the left cross section and the right cross section rotate by cico relatively around the vertical symmetry axis during deformation, and the curvature radius is p;
Under critical conditions, the strain of the lower boundary of the unit rock mass of the rock stratum is:
(P+Y)d9¨Pd9 /)d9 (1) The ultimate strain of the rock stratum is:
12A/if ¨ AA
¨ __________________________________________ 21212tE
(2) where, hR is the thickness of the nth rock stratum, in unit of m; y is the bulk density of the nth rock stratum, in unit of kN/m3; hup is the development height of the fissures in the nth rock stratum, in unit of m; Lo is the width of the mining wide roadways, in unit of m; My is the maximum bending moment on the rock stratum, in unit of kN=m; Lo is the width of the branch roadways in the stope, in unit of m; E is the elastic modulus of the rock stratum, in unit of GPa;
The subsidence of the rock stratum, the width of the mining wide roadways, and the curvature radius meet the following geometric relationship:
µ
(p hap ¨ µ.2 + 4 + k)2ip (3) where, w is the subsidence of the rock stratum, in unit of m.
Thus:
4w1 elu+y4-2wh;E + AA4wM + yI4-2wh.2,E) ¨16wyL, (6M if4¨whE) I' k = _____________________________ 1.274 (4) The development height of the fissures in the overlaying strata is:
n-1 H = h +Eh.
up up
Furthermore, owing to the fact that local stress concentration may occur easily in the backfilling mass and the narrow coal pillars in the bearing process, fractures may occur locally, leading to differentiation and discretization of the infrared radiation temperature field and abrupt change of the infrared radiation index.
Therefore, in the mining process of the wide roadways in the step 4, the backfilling process of the wide roadways in the step 5, and the mining process of the wide roadways II in the step 6, an infrared thermal imaging system is utilized to observe surface infrared radiation information of the coal and rock mass at the mining faces, the surface infrared radiation information of the backfilling mass, and the surface infrared radiation information of the coal and rock mass and narrow coal pillars at the mining faces, so as to monitoring the locations of the water bodies, water inrush or water resource migration, stability of the backfilling mass, and stability of the narrow coal pillars and provide warning.
If there is no abrupt change in the infrared radiation index, it indicates that the backfilling mass and coal pillars are stable; if the infrared radiation index changes abruptly (the amplitude of the abruptly changed index is 10 times of the amplitude before the abrupt change or greater), it indicates that the backfilling mass and the coal pillars will be unstable; thus, the dynamic disasters of the coal and rock can be predicted and forecast.
Furthermore, the deep circulation of hidden water in coal mine and its infiltration into the surrounding rock mass will cause changes in the temperature field of the coal-bearing rock mass near the water body, and thereby cause changes in the infrared radiation. However, the essence and degree of such changes are determined by the scale of the water body and the water pressure.
A water body has different influences on the surface and interior of the driving space ranging from near to far, resulting in different degrees of change in the infrared field strength at certain depth inside the coal and rock mass.
If the infrared radiation index changes gradually with the advancing of the mining face, it indicates that there is a water body ahead of the mining face; in that case, the specific orientation of the water body is detected with a geological radar; if the infrared radiation index changes abruptly, i.e., the amplitude of the abruptly changed index is 10 times of the amplitude before the abrupt change or greater, it indicates that water inrush will occur at the mining face; in that case, an infrared thermal imaging system is utilized to observe the infrared radiation information at the mining face, so as to predict the location of the water body and water inrush or water resource migration and provide warning.
A water resource migration monitoring and water disaster warning system, comprising a long-range detection system, a short-range observation system, a critical range monitoring system, a data acquisition system, a data analysis system, a water resource migration evaluation system, and a water disaster warning system, wherein:
the long-range detection system comprises a remote sensing satellite, an unmanned aerial vehicle, and remote sensing image processing software, and is configured to detect the change of the surface water system in the mining area caused by coal seam mining;
Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 the short-range observation system comprises a hydrological observation borehole, a CT observation borehole, a water level gauge, a water quality detector, a groundwater flow or direction meter, a roadway water gush monitor, and an advance detection borehole, and is configured to observe the condition of groundwater migration incurred by coal seam mining in real time;
the critical-range monitoring system comprises a borehole stress gauge and an infrared explosion-proof thermal imager, and is configured to monitor the water gush, stress and temperature changes in the stope during coal seam mining;
the data acquisition system comprises data acquisition devices, a data transmission system, system substations and a master station, and is configured to collect the data monitored by the long-range detection system, the short-range observation system, and the critical-range monitoring system to the system substations and the master station through wireless and wired transmission;
the data analysis system analyzes the collected data in the database, analyzes the parameters in the mining area, including surface fissure distribution density (DL), development height of fissures in overlaying strata (FL), density of surface water network (SW), groundwater level (DS), water quality (QI), water gush in the mine shaft (YS), stope stress (YL) and infrared radiation temperature (WD), with preprogrammed computer programs, and generates multi-variable correlation curves, duration curves, and contour line according to different attribute data;
the water resource migration evaluation system is an evaluation system based on the data analysis system, and can calculate a coal mining disturbance index (W) and establish a functional relation with the water resource migration evaluation indexes with mathematical techniques, namely:
MI = f (DL, FL, SW , DS , / YS) in addition, it classifies the influence of coal mining on the water resources in the mining area into four levels according to the coal mining disturbance index: severe water resource loss, moderate water resource loss, slight water resource loss, and no influence, and thereby evaluates the water resource loss in the mining area incurred by coal mining;
the water disaster warning system is a discrimination system based on the data analysis system, and it discriminates the indexes, including groundwater level (DS), water quality (QI), water gush in the mine shaft (YS), stope stress (YL) and infrared radiation temperature (WD), and utilizes a multi-source information comprehensive discrimination method, which is to say, when a discrimination index reaches the warning threshold, it analyzes the data of all discrimination indexes, assigns a corresponding risk rating, classifies different types of water disasters into different levels, and provides corresponding handling schemes against different levels.
A water resource migration monitoring and water disaster warning method, comprising the following steps:
step 1: carrying out aerial photography on the surface of the mining area by means of a remote sensing satellite and an unmanned aerial vehicle, and preprocessing the photographs, such as correction, cropping and stitching, with professional remote sensing image processing software, so as to obtain the data of surface water system and fissure distribution;
Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 step 2: arranging a hydrological observation borehole at an appropriate location in the mining area, mounting a water level gauge, a rapid water quality analyzer and a groundwater flow or direction meter at the phreatic water level or water-bearing stratum in the borehole to collect the data such as groundwater level, water quality, flow rate, flow direction and particle size, etc.;
step 3: arranging a group of CT observation boreholes on the ground surface at 20m interval in the advancing direction of the working face before mining the working face; using every two adjacent boreholes as a transmitting borehole and a receiving borehole of the CT
borehole detection system respectively, and observing the development of the fissures in the overlying strata that are not disturbed by mining;
step 4: arranging a borehole stress gauge and an infrared explosion-proof thermal imager at the coal mining and heading faces respectively, and collecting the stope stress and infrared radiation data in real time in the coal seam mining process;
step 5: transmitting the data acquired by the monitoring devices to the substations in the zones via a data acquisition system and finally uploading the data to the master station of the system;
step 6: analyzing the data of each evaluation index by using a data analysis system, to obtain the law of change of each index;
step 7: evaluating the influence of coal mining on the loss of water resources in the mining area by using a water resource migration evaluation system, and adjusting the mining method in time;
step 8: analyzing the collected data by using a water disaster warning system, to judge the risk of various water disasters confronted in the mine production, define corresponding warning levels for different water disasters, and provide corresponding handling solutions.
The wall continuous mining and continuous backfilling water-preserved coal mining method, and water resource migration monitoring and water disaster early warning method makes the coal mining ratio coordinated with the backfilling ratio at the cost of a small fraction of the recovery ratio, realizes efficient coal mining by adjusting the number of working faces simultaneously mined in the mining blocks, and improves the utilization ratio of the backfilling material by flexibly controlling the backfilling ratio of the "mining-reserving" blocks, thus further optimizes the overall benefits of coal mining. Besides, by analyzing the permeability change of the equivalent confining bed of the overlying strata in the wide roadway driving and backfilling process, the method can judge whether the overlying strata meet the requirements of water-preserved coal mining; in addition, by observing the surface infrared radiation information of the mining space with an infrared thermal imaging system, the method can predict dynamic disasters, locations of water bodies, and water inrush or water resource migration and provide warning; the present invention further discloses a real-time water resource migration monitoring and warning system, which can comprehensively monitor the condition of water resource loss in the mining area and water disasters prone to occur in the stope incurred by coal mining and provide warning, and carry out evaluation rationally. The method has high adaptability to the geological conditions and mine pressure environments in the field, broadens the applicable conditions of the water-preserved coal mining method, is a potential water-preserved coal mining method, and has broad application prospects and great value for wide application.
Description of Drawings Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of mining roadway layout and mining block division in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of dividing a "mining-backfilling" mining block into mining sections in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the division of mining wide roadways in a mining section in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of mining and backfilling the odd-numbered mining wide roadways in a "mining-backfilling" mining block in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of mining the even-numbered mining wide roadways in a "mining-backfilling" mining block in the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the completion of mining and backfilling in the "mining-backfilling" mining block in the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the division of wide roadways and reserved narrow coal pillars in a "mining-reserving" mining block in the present invention;
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of mining a "mining-reserving" mining block in the present invention;
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating the completion of mining in the "mining-reserving" mining block in the present invention;
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of multi-heading mining in the mining blocks and parallel operation of multiple mining blocks in the present invention;
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating the completion of mining and backfilling of the entire working face in the present invention;
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the water resource migration monitoring and water disaster warning system in the present invention;
Fig. 13 is a top view of the water resource migration monitoring and water disaster warning system in the present invention.
In the figures: 1 - "mining-backfilling" mining block; 2 - "mining-reserving"
mining block; 3 -auxiliary haulage roadway; 4 - through-cut; 5 - main haulage roadway; 6 -mining section; 7 - mining wide roadway; 8 - mining face; 9- backfilling face; 10- narrow coal pillar; 11 - mining wide roadway II; 12 - mining face II; 13 - long-range detection system; 14 - short-range observation system; 15 -critical-range monitoring system; 16 - data acquisition system; 17-1 - data analysis system; 17-2 -water resource migration evaluation system; 17-3 - water disaster warning system; 18 - hydrological observation borehole; 19 - CT observation borehole.
Embodiments Hereunder the present invention will be detailed in embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The present invention provides a wall continuous mining and continuous backfilling water-preserved Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 coal mining method, which comprises the following steps:
As shown in Fig. 1, in step 1, the working face is divided into several groups of "mining-backfilling"
mining blocks 1 and "mining-reserving" mining blocks 2 arranged alternately along the orientation of the working face; the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks 1 and the "mining-reserving" mining blocks 2 are mined in the form of wide roadway heading, no coal pillar is reserved between the mined roadways in the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks 1 and the mined roadways are backfilled, while narrow coal pillars 10 are reserved between the mined roadways in the "mining-reserving" mining blocks 2, and the mined roadways are left unfilled;
In this embodiment, the advancing length of the long-wall working face is the advancing length along the orientation of a normal long-wall working face, and the width is the slope length of the normal long-wall working face; in addition, in view of the wide roadway mining and backfilling efficiency and ventilation requirements, the advancing width does not exceed 200m;
In the process of advancing, in order to coordinate the mining ratio with the backfilling ratio and ensure the yield of the coal in the main mining blocks, the ratio of the advancing length of the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks 1 to that of the "mining-reserving" mining block 2 is not smaller than 2:1;
thus, the purposes of improving the coal mining efficiency, controlling the backfilling cost and realizing water-preserved coal mining are achieved simultaneously, and the overall benefits of coal mining are further optimized.
In step 2, an auxiliary haulage roadway 3 and a main haulage roadway 5 are arranged along the orientation of the working face, and through-cuts 4 are excavated in the edge of the working face in the slope direction to form ventilation loops, wherein each cycle of wide-roadway excavation along the entire working face is equivalent to a normal cutting feed of a long-wall face coal cutter, and the width of the wide roadway is equal to the depth of a cutting feed of the coal cutter, i.e., the mining area is arranged in the form of long-wall face mining;
As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, in step 3, each "mining-backfilling" mining block 1 is divided into m mining sections 6 in the advancing direction of the working face, with the mining section at the edge of the mining block and near a through-cut 4 denoted as the first mining section, and the rest mining sections 6 sorted orderly; n mining wide roadways 7 are divided in each mining section 6 in a direction perpendicular or inclined to the orientation of the working face, with the mining wide roadway at the edge of the mining section 6 and near the through-cut 4 denoted as the first mining wide roadway, and the rest mining wide roadways 7 sorted orderly;
In this embodiment, the "mining-backfilling" mining block 1 is divided into three mining sections 6 in the advancing direction of the working face, and four mining wide roadways 7 are divided in each mining section 6;
In step 4, in each "mining-backfilling" mining block 1, the first mining wide roadway Ril in the first mining section is mined first, and then the first mining wide roadway R21 in the second mining section is mined, and so on, till the first mining wide roadway R31 in the third mining section is mined; in each mining section, a wide roadway from the first wide roadway is skipped and the third wide roadway Ri3 in the first mining section is mined, then the third mining wide roadway R23 in the second mining section is mined sequentially, and so on, till the third mining wide roadway R33 in the third mining section is mined; after all odd-numbered mining wide roadways 7 in all mining sections 6 are Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 mined, the second mining wide roadway Ri2 in the first mining section is mined, and then the second mining wide roadway R22 in the second mining section is mined sequentially, and so on, till the second mining wide roadway R32 in the third mining section is mined; in each mining section, a wide roadway from the first wide roadway is skipped and the fourth wide roadway Ri4 in the first mining section is mined, and then the fourth mining wide roadway R24 in the second mining section sequentially is mined, and so on, till the fourth mining wide roadway R34 in the third mining section is mined; the mining is carried out in the above mining sequence, till all even-numbered mining wide roadways in the mining sections 6 are mined.
In step 5, the first mining wide roadway in the first mining section is backfilled immediately after it is mined, and the third mining wide roadway in the first mining section is mined at the same time, thus forming a simultaneous operation mode at the mining face 8 and the backfilling face 9 in the mining block, till all odd-numbered mining wide roadways in all mining sections 6 are mined and backfilled; in this embodiment, n is an even number 4; thus, the mining wide roadway at the boundary of the "mining-backfilling" mining block 1 is backfilled after it is mined, while the even-numbered mining wide roadways in all mining sections 6 are mined only but not backfilled;
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of mining and backfilling the odd-numbered mining wide roadways in the "mining-backfilling" mining block 1; Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of mining the even-numbered mining wide roadway in the "mining-backfilling" mining block 1; Fig.
6 shows a schematic diagram illustrating the completion of mining and backfilling in the "mining-backfilling" mining block 1;
In step 6, each "mining-reserving" mining block 2 is divided into several mining wide roadways II 11 and narrow coal pillars 10 arranged alternately, the mining wide roadways II
11 are sorted orderly in the advancing direction of the working face and mined sequentially;
specifically, the mining wide roadways in each mining block are mined without backfilling, till all mining wide roadways II 11 in the mining block are mined;
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the division of mining wide roadways II 11 and reserved narrow coal pillars 10 in the "mining-reserving" mining block 2; Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of mining the mining wide roadway II 11 in the "mining-reserving" mining block 2 sequentially from Ri, R2, R3 to R4 in the advancing direction of the working face; Fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram illustrating the completion of mining in the "mining-reserving" mining block 2;
As shown in Fig. 10, in step 7, according to the mining sequence and principle for the mining wide roadways specified in the step 3 to step 6, a plurality of mining faces 8 and 12 are arranged respectively in the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks 1 and the "mining-reserving" mining blocks 2, and the mining wide roadways are mined simultaneously, and the mining wide roadways that meet the criteria specified in the step 5 are backfilled; at the same time, a plurality of "mining-backfilling"
mining blocks 1 and "mining-reserving" mining blocks 2 are arranged in the working face and mined simultaneously, forming multi-heading parallel operation, till the mining of the entire working face is completed; Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating the completion of mining and backfilling of the entire working face.
Wherein, in the process of wide roadway mining in the "mining-backfilling"
mining blocks, the backfilling ratio of the mining wide roadways in the "mining-backfilling"
mining blocks is controlled 11,) Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 by calculating whether the development of water-conducting fissures in the overlaying strata penetrates the confining stratum:
Assuming that the fissures in the overlying strata have developed to the nth rock stratum above the coal seam, and a unit rock mass is taken at the edge of fissure development, the length of the unit rock mass is ch, the height of it is 2y, the distance from the upper or lower boundary of the unit rock mass to the horizontal symmetry axis is y, and the left cross section and the right cross section rotate by cico relatively around the vertical symmetry axis during deformation, and the curvature radius is p;
Under critical conditions, the strain of the lower boundary of the unit rock mass of the rock stratum is:
(P+Y)d9¨Pd9 /)d9 (1) The ultimate strain of the rock stratum is:
12A/if ¨ AA
¨ __________________________________________ 21212tE
(2) where, hR is the thickness of the nth rock stratum, in unit of m; y is the bulk density of the nth rock stratum, in unit of kN/m3; hup is the development height of the fissures in the nth rock stratum, in unit of m; Lo is the width of the mining wide roadways, in unit of m; My is the maximum bending moment on the rock stratum, in unit of kN=m; Lo is the width of the branch roadways in the stope, in unit of m; E is the elastic modulus of the rock stratum, in unit of GPa;
The subsidence of the rock stratum, the width of the mining wide roadways, and the curvature radius meet the following geometric relationship:
µ
(p hap ¨ µ.2 + 4 + k)2ip (3) where, w is the subsidence of the rock stratum, in unit of m.
Thus:
4w1 elu+y4-2wh;E + AA4wM + yI4-2wh.2,E) ¨16wyL, (6M if4¨whE) I' k = _____________________________ 1.274 (4) The development height of the fissures in the overlaying strata is:
n-1 H = h +Eh.
up up
(5) where, Hup is the development height of the fissures in the overlaying strata, in unit of m; hi is the thickness of the ith rock stratum above the coal seam (i=1, 2, 3...), in unit of m.
According to the relevant theory of "equivalent mining height", the relationship between the Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 development height of the fissures in the overlying strata and the backfilling ratio can be expressed in the form of a hyperbolic function, and a coefficient 2 is defined to characterize the influence of the backfilling ratio on the development of the fissures in the overlying strata.
Therefore, the Hup -relationship is:
- M(1-0+2]2+ 22= 0 uP _
According to the relevant theory of "equivalent mining height", the relationship between the Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 development height of the fissures in the overlying strata and the backfilling ratio can be expressed in the form of a hyperbolic function, and a coefficient 2 is defined to characterize the influence of the backfilling ratio on the development of the fissures in the overlying strata.
Therefore, the Hup -relationship is:
- M(1-0+2]2+ 22= 0 uP _
(6) where, M is the thickness of the coal seam, in unit of m;
Based on the theory of equivalent permeability coefficient of the rock strata in the permeation fluid mechanics, the equivalent permeability coefficient of each rock stratum above the water-conducting fracture zone of the overlying strata is calculated respectively, and the permeability change of the equivalent confining bed of the overlying strata in the driving and backfilling process of the mining wide roadway is analyzed to judge whether the overlying strata can meet the requirements of water-preserved coal mining.
Wherein, in the driving process of the mining wide roadway in the "mining-reserving" blocks, the number of the mining wide roadway gobs is controlled by calculating the ultimate strength of the narrow coal pillars: the greater the number of the mining wide roadway gobs is, the more easily the narrow coal pillars become unstable. Based on the pressure arch theory and ultimate strength theory, the compressive stress above the narrow coal pillars is:
FN¨nykfe ______________________________ + S
2Sp f
Based on the theory of equivalent permeability coefficient of the rock strata in the permeation fluid mechanics, the equivalent permeability coefficient of each rock stratum above the water-conducting fracture zone of the overlying strata is calculated respectively, and the permeability change of the equivalent confining bed of the overlying strata in the driving and backfilling process of the mining wide roadway is analyzed to judge whether the overlying strata can meet the requirements of water-preserved coal mining.
Wherein, in the driving process of the mining wide roadway in the "mining-reserving" blocks, the number of the mining wide roadway gobs is controlled by calculating the ultimate strength of the narrow coal pillars: the greater the number of the mining wide roadway gobs is, the more easily the narrow coal pillars become unstable. Based on the pressure arch theory and ultimate strength theory, the compressive stress above the narrow coal pillars is:
FN¨nykfe ______________________________ + S
2Sp f
(7) where, EN is the compressive stress above the narrow coal pillars, in unit of MPa; n is the number of the mining wide roadway gobs; Sp is the width of the narrow coal pillars, in unit of m; S, is the width of the mining wide roadways, in unit of m;f is the Protodyakonov coefficient;
y is the average bulk density of rock, in unit of N/m3; kf is the correction coefficient of pressure arch.
the number n of the mining wide roadway gobs that can prevent instability of the narrow coal pillars in the "mining-reserving" blocks should meet the following criterion:
[a]S p f n _________________________________________ rktF(Sp+Sc, )2
y is the average bulk density of rock, in unit of N/m3; kf is the correction coefficient of pressure arch.
the number n of the mining wide roadway gobs that can prevent instability of the narrow coal pillars in the "mining-reserving" blocks should meet the following criterion:
[a]S p f n _________________________________________ rktF(Sp+Sc, )2
(8) where, [a] is the compressive strength of the coal pillars, in unit of MPa; F
is the safety coefficient of the coal pillars.
After the mining wide roadways are filled, the deflection curve of bending deformation of the ith rock stratum (i>2) above the immediate roof is regarded as a straight line, and the subsidence area S , of the top of the rock stratum can be expressed as:
= (nb I 2+ H cot 9)w, (0)
is the safety coefficient of the coal pillars.
After the mining wide roadways are filled, the deflection curve of bending deformation of the ith rock stratum (i>2) above the immediate roof is regarded as a straight line, and the subsidence area S , of the top of the rock stratum can be expressed as:
= (nb I 2+ H cot 9)w, (0)
(9) The maximum subsidence of the main roof is equal to that of the immediate roof, i.e., w2(0)=U, then:
Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 S2 = 411b I 2 + H2C0tOW (10) Assuming that the subsidence areas of the rock strata above the main roof are equal, i.e., Si¨S2(i>2), then:
the subsidence of the top of the ith stratum above the immediate roof is as follows:
(x) = (0) lx1 (nb 12+ I i cot 0) =U (nb I 2 + cot()) Ix' (i.?: 2) (nb 1 2 + H, cot 0) (nb I 2 +H cot 0) (11) the horizontal deformation of the ith stratum above the immediate roof is as follows:
= jwil (0)/(n02+ H COIL 0)2 ________________ +1¨i (tib / 2 +1/,2 cot. 0)2 2 _____________________________________________ U + 1 - 1 (i 2) (nb I 2+ Hi cot 0)' (12) Furthermore, owing to the fact that local stress concentration may occur easily in the backfilling mass and the narrow coal pillars in the bearing process, fractures may occur in local positions, and the fractures of the local positions will lead to differentiation and discretization of the infrared radiation temperature field and abrupt change of the infrared radiation index.
Therefore, in the mining process of the mining wide roadways in the step 4, the backfilling process of the mining wide roadways in the step 5, and the mining process of the mining wide roadways II in the step 6, an infrared thermal imaging system is utilized to observe surface infrared radiation information of the coal and rock mass at the mining faces, the surface infrared radiation information of the backfilling mass, and the surface infrared radiation information of the coal and rock mass and narrow coal pillars at the mining faces, so as to monitoring the locations of the water bodies, water inrush or water resource migration, stability of the backfilling mass, and stability of the narrow coal pillars 10 and provide warning.
If there is no abrupt change in the infrared radiation index, it indicates that the backfilling mass and coal pillars are stable; if the infrared radiation index changes abruptly (the amplitude of the abruptly changed index is 10 times of the amplitude before the abrupt change or greater), it indicates that the backfilling mass and the coal pillars will be unstable; thus, the dynamic disasters of the coal and rock can be predicted and forecast.
Furthermore, the deep circulation of hidden water in coal mine and its infiltration into the surrounding rock mass will cause changes in the temperature field of the bearing coal and rock mass near the water body, and thereby cause changes in the infrared radiation. However, the essence and degree of such changes are determined by the scale of the water body and the water pressure.
A water body has different influences on the surface and interior of the driving space, ranging from near to far, resulting in different degrees of change in the infrared field strength at certain depth inside the coal and rock Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 mass.
If the infrared radiation index changes gradually with the advancing of the mining face, it indicates that there is a water body ahead of the mining face; in that case, the specific orientation of the water body is detected with a geological radar; if the infrared radiation index changes abruptly, i.e., the amplitude of the abruptly changed index is 10 times of the amplitude before the abrupt change or greater, it indicates that water inrush will occur at the mining face; in that case, an infrared thermal imaging system is utilized to observe the infrared radiation information at the mining face, so as to predict the location of the water body and water inrush or water resource migration and provide warning.
A water resource migration monitoring and water disaster warning system, comprising a long-range detection system 13, a short-range observation system 14, a critical range monitoring system 15, a data acquisition system 16, a data analysis system 17-1, a water resource migration evaluation system 17-2, and a water disaster warning system 17-3, wherein:
the long-range detection system 13 comprises a remote sensing satellite, an unmanned aerial vehicle, and remote sensing image processing software, and is configured to detect the change of the surface water system in the mining area caused by coal seam mining;
the short-range observation system 14 comprises a hydrological observation borehole, a CT
observation borehole, a water level gauge, a water quality detector, a groundwater flow or direction meter, a roadway water gush monitor, and an advance detection borehole, and is configured to observe the condition of groundwater migration incurred by coal seam mining in real time;
the critical-range monitoring system 15 comprises a borehole stress gauge and an infrared explosion-proof thermal imager, and is configured to monitor the water gush, stress and temperature changes in the stope during coal seam mining;
the data acquisition system 16 comprises data acquisition devices, a data transmission system, system substations and a master station, and is configured to collect the data monitored by the long-range detection system, the short-range observation system, and the critical-range monitoring system to the system substations and the master station through wireless and wired transmission;
the data analysis system 17-1 analyzes the data collected in the database, analyzes the parameters in the mining area, including surface fissure distribution density (DL), development height of fissures in overlaying strata (FL), density of surface water network (SW), groundwater level (DS), water quality (QI), water gush in the mine shaft (YS), stope stress (YL) and infrared radiation temperature (WD), with preprogrammed computer programs, and generates multi-variable correlation curves, duration curves, and contour line according to different attribute data;
the water resource migration evaluation system 17-2 is an evaluation system based on the data analysis system, and can calculate a coal mining disturbance index (MI) and establish a functional relation with the water resource migration evaluation indexes with mathematical techniques, namely:
M/ = (DL, FL, SIV ,DS,QI , VS) (13) in addition, it classifies the influence of coal mining on the water resources in the mining area into Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 four levels according to the coal mining disturbance index: severe water resource loss, moderate water resource loss, slight water resource loss, and no influence, and thereby evaluates the water resource loss in the mining area incurred by coal mining;
the water disaster warning system 17-3 is a discrimination system based on the data analysis system, and it discriminates the indexes, including groundwater level (DS), water quality (QI), water gush in the mine shaft (YS), stope stress (YL) and infrared radiation temperature (WD), and utilizes a multi-source information comprehensive discrimination method, which is to say, when a discrimination index reaches the warning threshold, it analyzes the data of all discrimination indexes, assigns a corresponding risk rating, classifies different types of water disasters into different levels, and provides corresponding handling solutions against different levels.
A water resource migration monitoring and water disaster warning method, comprising the following steps:
step 1: carrying out aerial photography on the surface of the mining area by means of a remote sensing satellite and an unmanned aerial vehicle, and preprocessing the photographs, such as correction, cropping and stitching, with professional remote sensing image processing software, so as to obtain the data of surface water system and fissure distribution;
step 2: arranging a hydrological observation borehole 18 at an appropriate location in the mining area, mounting a water level gauge, a rapid water quality analyzer and a groundwater flow or direction meter at the phreatic water level or water-bearing stratum in the borehole to collect the data such as groundwater level, water quality, flow rate, flow direction and particle size, etc.;
step 3: arranging a group of CT observation boreholes 19 on the ground surface at 20m interval in the advancing direction of the working face before mining; using every two adjacent boreholes as a transmitting borehole and a receiving borehole of the CT borehole detection system respectively, and observing the development of the fissures in the overlying strata that are not disturbed by mining;
step 4: arranging a borehole stress gauge and an infrared explosion-proof thermal imager at the coal mining and heading faces respectively, and collecting the stope stress and infrared radiation data in real time in the coal seam mining process;
step 5: transmitting the data acquired by the monitoring devices to the substations in the zones via a data acquisition system 16 and finally uploading the data to the master station of the system;
step 6: analyzing the data of each evaluation index by using a data analysis system 17-1, to obtain the law of change of each index;
step 7: evaluating the influence of coal mining on the loss of water resources in the mining area by using a water resource migration evaluation system 17-2, and adjusting the mining method in time;
step 8: analyzing the collected data by using a water disaster warning system 17-3, to judge the risk of various water disasters confronted in the mine production, define corresponding warning levels for different water disasters, and provide corresponding handling solutions.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the real-time water resource migration monitoring and water disaster warning system in the present invention; Fig. 13 is a top view of the real-time water resource migration monitoring and water disaster warning system in the present invention.
Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26
Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 S2 = 411b I 2 + H2C0tOW (10) Assuming that the subsidence areas of the rock strata above the main roof are equal, i.e., Si¨S2(i>2), then:
the subsidence of the top of the ith stratum above the immediate roof is as follows:
(x) = (0) lx1 (nb 12+ I i cot 0) =U (nb I 2 + cot()) Ix' (i.?: 2) (nb 1 2 + H, cot 0) (nb I 2 +H cot 0) (11) the horizontal deformation of the ith stratum above the immediate roof is as follows:
= jwil (0)/(n02+ H COIL 0)2 ________________ +1¨i (tib / 2 +1/,2 cot. 0)2 2 _____________________________________________ U + 1 - 1 (i 2) (nb I 2+ Hi cot 0)' (12) Furthermore, owing to the fact that local stress concentration may occur easily in the backfilling mass and the narrow coal pillars in the bearing process, fractures may occur in local positions, and the fractures of the local positions will lead to differentiation and discretization of the infrared radiation temperature field and abrupt change of the infrared radiation index.
Therefore, in the mining process of the mining wide roadways in the step 4, the backfilling process of the mining wide roadways in the step 5, and the mining process of the mining wide roadways II in the step 6, an infrared thermal imaging system is utilized to observe surface infrared radiation information of the coal and rock mass at the mining faces, the surface infrared radiation information of the backfilling mass, and the surface infrared radiation information of the coal and rock mass and narrow coal pillars at the mining faces, so as to monitoring the locations of the water bodies, water inrush or water resource migration, stability of the backfilling mass, and stability of the narrow coal pillars 10 and provide warning.
If there is no abrupt change in the infrared radiation index, it indicates that the backfilling mass and coal pillars are stable; if the infrared radiation index changes abruptly (the amplitude of the abruptly changed index is 10 times of the amplitude before the abrupt change or greater), it indicates that the backfilling mass and the coal pillars will be unstable; thus, the dynamic disasters of the coal and rock can be predicted and forecast.
Furthermore, the deep circulation of hidden water in coal mine and its infiltration into the surrounding rock mass will cause changes in the temperature field of the bearing coal and rock mass near the water body, and thereby cause changes in the infrared radiation. However, the essence and degree of such changes are determined by the scale of the water body and the water pressure.
A water body has different influences on the surface and interior of the driving space, ranging from near to far, resulting in different degrees of change in the infrared field strength at certain depth inside the coal and rock Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 mass.
If the infrared radiation index changes gradually with the advancing of the mining face, it indicates that there is a water body ahead of the mining face; in that case, the specific orientation of the water body is detected with a geological radar; if the infrared radiation index changes abruptly, i.e., the amplitude of the abruptly changed index is 10 times of the amplitude before the abrupt change or greater, it indicates that water inrush will occur at the mining face; in that case, an infrared thermal imaging system is utilized to observe the infrared radiation information at the mining face, so as to predict the location of the water body and water inrush or water resource migration and provide warning.
A water resource migration monitoring and water disaster warning system, comprising a long-range detection system 13, a short-range observation system 14, a critical range monitoring system 15, a data acquisition system 16, a data analysis system 17-1, a water resource migration evaluation system 17-2, and a water disaster warning system 17-3, wherein:
the long-range detection system 13 comprises a remote sensing satellite, an unmanned aerial vehicle, and remote sensing image processing software, and is configured to detect the change of the surface water system in the mining area caused by coal seam mining;
the short-range observation system 14 comprises a hydrological observation borehole, a CT
observation borehole, a water level gauge, a water quality detector, a groundwater flow or direction meter, a roadway water gush monitor, and an advance detection borehole, and is configured to observe the condition of groundwater migration incurred by coal seam mining in real time;
the critical-range monitoring system 15 comprises a borehole stress gauge and an infrared explosion-proof thermal imager, and is configured to monitor the water gush, stress and temperature changes in the stope during coal seam mining;
the data acquisition system 16 comprises data acquisition devices, a data transmission system, system substations and a master station, and is configured to collect the data monitored by the long-range detection system, the short-range observation system, and the critical-range monitoring system to the system substations and the master station through wireless and wired transmission;
the data analysis system 17-1 analyzes the data collected in the database, analyzes the parameters in the mining area, including surface fissure distribution density (DL), development height of fissures in overlaying strata (FL), density of surface water network (SW), groundwater level (DS), water quality (QI), water gush in the mine shaft (YS), stope stress (YL) and infrared radiation temperature (WD), with preprogrammed computer programs, and generates multi-variable correlation curves, duration curves, and contour line according to different attribute data;
the water resource migration evaluation system 17-2 is an evaluation system based on the data analysis system, and can calculate a coal mining disturbance index (MI) and establish a functional relation with the water resource migration evaluation indexes with mathematical techniques, namely:
M/ = (DL, FL, SIV ,DS,QI , VS) (13) in addition, it classifies the influence of coal mining on the water resources in the mining area into Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26 four levels according to the coal mining disturbance index: severe water resource loss, moderate water resource loss, slight water resource loss, and no influence, and thereby evaluates the water resource loss in the mining area incurred by coal mining;
the water disaster warning system 17-3 is a discrimination system based on the data analysis system, and it discriminates the indexes, including groundwater level (DS), water quality (QI), water gush in the mine shaft (YS), stope stress (YL) and infrared radiation temperature (WD), and utilizes a multi-source information comprehensive discrimination method, which is to say, when a discrimination index reaches the warning threshold, it analyzes the data of all discrimination indexes, assigns a corresponding risk rating, classifies different types of water disasters into different levels, and provides corresponding handling solutions against different levels.
A water resource migration monitoring and water disaster warning method, comprising the following steps:
step 1: carrying out aerial photography on the surface of the mining area by means of a remote sensing satellite and an unmanned aerial vehicle, and preprocessing the photographs, such as correction, cropping and stitching, with professional remote sensing image processing software, so as to obtain the data of surface water system and fissure distribution;
step 2: arranging a hydrological observation borehole 18 at an appropriate location in the mining area, mounting a water level gauge, a rapid water quality analyzer and a groundwater flow or direction meter at the phreatic water level or water-bearing stratum in the borehole to collect the data such as groundwater level, water quality, flow rate, flow direction and particle size, etc.;
step 3: arranging a group of CT observation boreholes 19 on the ground surface at 20m interval in the advancing direction of the working face before mining; using every two adjacent boreholes as a transmitting borehole and a receiving borehole of the CT borehole detection system respectively, and observing the development of the fissures in the overlying strata that are not disturbed by mining;
step 4: arranging a borehole stress gauge and an infrared explosion-proof thermal imager at the coal mining and heading faces respectively, and collecting the stope stress and infrared radiation data in real time in the coal seam mining process;
step 5: transmitting the data acquired by the monitoring devices to the substations in the zones via a data acquisition system 16 and finally uploading the data to the master station of the system;
step 6: analyzing the data of each evaluation index by using a data analysis system 17-1, to obtain the law of change of each index;
step 7: evaluating the influence of coal mining on the loss of water resources in the mining area by using a water resource migration evaluation system 17-2, and adjusting the mining method in time;
step 8: analyzing the collected data by using a water disaster warning system 17-3, to judge the risk of various water disasters confronted in the mine production, define corresponding warning levels for different water disasters, and provide corresponding handling solutions.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the real-time water resource migration monitoring and water disaster warning system in the present invention; Fig. 13 is a top view of the real-time water resource migration monitoring and water disaster warning system in the present invention.
Date recue / Date received 2021-11-26
Claims (9)
1. A wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method, comprising the following steps:
step 1 : dividing the working face into several groups of "mining-backfilling"
mining blocks (1) and "mining-reserving" mining blocks (2) arranged alternately along the orientation of the working face; mining the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks (1) and the "mining-reserving"
mining blocks (2) in the form of wide-roadway driving, reserving no coal pillar between the mined roadways and backfilling the mined roadways in the "mining-backfilling"
mining blocks (1), while reserving narrow coal pillars (1 0) between the mined roadways and leaving the mined roadways unfilled in the "mining-reserving" blocks (2);
step 2: arranging an auxiliary haulage roadway (3) and a main haulage roadway (5) along the orientation of the working face, and excavating through-cuts (4) in the edge of the working face in the slope direction to form ventilation loops, wherein each cycle of wide roadway excavation along the entire working face is equivalent to a normal cutting feed of a long-wall face coal cutter, and the width of the wide roadway is equal to the depth of a cutting feed of the coal cutter, i.e., the mining area is arranged in the form of long-wall face mining;
step 3: dividing each "mining-backfilling" mining block (1) into m mining sections (6) in the advancing direction of the working face, with the mining section at the edge of the mining block and near a through-cut (4) denoted as a first mining section, and the rest mining sections (6) sorted orderly; dividing n mining wide roadways (7) in each mining section (6) in a direction perpendicular or inclined to the orientation of the working face, with the mining wide roadway at the edge of the mining section (6) and near the through-cut (4) denoted as a first mining wide roadway, and the rest mining wide roadways (7) sorted orderly;
step 4: in each "mining-backfilling" mining block (1), mining the first mining wide roadway R11 in the first mining section first, and then mining the first mining wide roadway R21 in a second mining section, and so on, till the first mining wide roadway R m1 in the m th mining section is mined; in each mining section (6), skipping a wide roadway from the first wide roadway and mining the third wide roadway R13 in the first mining section, then mining the third mining wide roadway R23 in the second mining section sequentially, and so on, till the third mining wide roadway R m3 in the m th mining section is mined; mining the even-numbered mining wide roadways (7) in each mining section (6) sequentially after all odd-numbered mining wide roadways (7) in the mining section (6) are mined;
firstly, mining the second mining wide roadway R12 in the first mining section, then mining the second mining wide roadway R22 in the second mining section, and so on, till the second mining wide roadway R m2 in the m th mining section is mined; in each mining section, skipping a wide roadway from the first wide roadway and mining the fourth wide roadway R14 in the first mining section, and then mining the fourth mining wide roadway R24 in the second mining section sequentially, and so on, till the fourth mining wide roadway R m4 in the mth mining section is mined; mining in the above mining sequence, till all even-numbered mining wide roadways (7) in the mining section (6) are mined;
step 5: backfilling the first mining wide roadway in the first mining section immediately after it is mined, and mining the third mining wide roadway in the first mining section at the same time, thus forming a simultaneous operation mode at the mining face (8) and the backfilling face (9) in the mining block, till all odd-numbered mining wide roadways in all mining sections (6) are mined and backfilled; wherein in the case that n is an odd number, the even-numbered mining wide roadways in all mining sections (6) are mined only but not backfilled; in the case that n is an even number, the mining wide roadway at the boundary of the "mining-backfilling" mining block (1) is backfilled after it is mined, while the even-numbered mining wide roadways in all mining sections (6) are mined only but not backfilled;
step 6: dividing each "mining-reserving" mining block (2) into several mining wide roadways II
(1 1) and narrow coal pillars (1 0) arranged alternately, sorting the mining wide roadways II (1 1) orderly in the advancing direction of the working face and mining them sequentially; mining the mining wide roadways in each mining block without backfilling, i.e., only mining faces II
(12) exist in the mining block, till all mining wide roadways II (1 1) in the mining block are mined;
step 7: according to the mining sequence and principle for the mining wide roadways (7) and mining wide roadways II (1 1) specified in the step 3 to step 6, arranging a plurality of mining faces respectively in the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks (1) and the "mining-reserving"
mining blocks (2), and mining the mining wide roadways simultaneously and backfilling the mining wide roadways that meet the criteria specified in the step 5; according to the mining sequence and principle for the mining wide roadways (7) and the mining wide roadways II (1 1) specified in the step 3 to step 6, arranging a plurality of "mining-backfilling" mining blocks (1) and "mining-reserving" mining blocks (2) in the working face and mining them simultaneously, thus forming multi-heading parallel operation, till the entire working face is mined.
step 1 : dividing the working face into several groups of "mining-backfilling"
mining blocks (1) and "mining-reserving" mining blocks (2) arranged alternately along the orientation of the working face; mining the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks (1) and the "mining-reserving"
mining blocks (2) in the form of wide-roadway driving, reserving no coal pillar between the mined roadways and backfilling the mined roadways in the "mining-backfilling"
mining blocks (1), while reserving narrow coal pillars (1 0) between the mined roadways and leaving the mined roadways unfilled in the "mining-reserving" blocks (2);
step 2: arranging an auxiliary haulage roadway (3) and a main haulage roadway (5) along the orientation of the working face, and excavating through-cuts (4) in the edge of the working face in the slope direction to form ventilation loops, wherein each cycle of wide roadway excavation along the entire working face is equivalent to a normal cutting feed of a long-wall face coal cutter, and the width of the wide roadway is equal to the depth of a cutting feed of the coal cutter, i.e., the mining area is arranged in the form of long-wall face mining;
step 3: dividing each "mining-backfilling" mining block (1) into m mining sections (6) in the advancing direction of the working face, with the mining section at the edge of the mining block and near a through-cut (4) denoted as a first mining section, and the rest mining sections (6) sorted orderly; dividing n mining wide roadways (7) in each mining section (6) in a direction perpendicular or inclined to the orientation of the working face, with the mining wide roadway at the edge of the mining section (6) and near the through-cut (4) denoted as a first mining wide roadway, and the rest mining wide roadways (7) sorted orderly;
step 4: in each "mining-backfilling" mining block (1), mining the first mining wide roadway R11 in the first mining section first, and then mining the first mining wide roadway R21 in a second mining section, and so on, till the first mining wide roadway R m1 in the m th mining section is mined; in each mining section (6), skipping a wide roadway from the first wide roadway and mining the third wide roadway R13 in the first mining section, then mining the third mining wide roadway R23 in the second mining section sequentially, and so on, till the third mining wide roadway R m3 in the m th mining section is mined; mining the even-numbered mining wide roadways (7) in each mining section (6) sequentially after all odd-numbered mining wide roadways (7) in the mining section (6) are mined;
firstly, mining the second mining wide roadway R12 in the first mining section, then mining the second mining wide roadway R22 in the second mining section, and so on, till the second mining wide roadway R m2 in the m th mining section is mined; in each mining section, skipping a wide roadway from the first wide roadway and mining the fourth wide roadway R14 in the first mining section, and then mining the fourth mining wide roadway R24 in the second mining section sequentially, and so on, till the fourth mining wide roadway R m4 in the mth mining section is mined; mining in the above mining sequence, till all even-numbered mining wide roadways (7) in the mining section (6) are mined;
step 5: backfilling the first mining wide roadway in the first mining section immediately after it is mined, and mining the third mining wide roadway in the first mining section at the same time, thus forming a simultaneous operation mode at the mining face (8) and the backfilling face (9) in the mining block, till all odd-numbered mining wide roadways in all mining sections (6) are mined and backfilled; wherein in the case that n is an odd number, the even-numbered mining wide roadways in all mining sections (6) are mined only but not backfilled; in the case that n is an even number, the mining wide roadway at the boundary of the "mining-backfilling" mining block (1) is backfilled after it is mined, while the even-numbered mining wide roadways in all mining sections (6) are mined only but not backfilled;
step 6: dividing each "mining-reserving" mining block (2) into several mining wide roadways II
(1 1) and narrow coal pillars (1 0) arranged alternately, sorting the mining wide roadways II (1 1) orderly in the advancing direction of the working face and mining them sequentially; mining the mining wide roadways in each mining block without backfilling, i.e., only mining faces II
(12) exist in the mining block, till all mining wide roadways II (1 1) in the mining block are mined;
step 7: according to the mining sequence and principle for the mining wide roadways (7) and mining wide roadways II (1 1) specified in the step 3 to step 6, arranging a plurality of mining faces respectively in the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks (1) and the "mining-reserving"
mining blocks (2), and mining the mining wide roadways simultaneously and backfilling the mining wide roadways that meet the criteria specified in the step 5; according to the mining sequence and principle for the mining wide roadways (7) and the mining wide roadways II (1 1) specified in the step 3 to step 6, arranging a plurality of "mining-backfilling" mining blocks (1) and "mining-reserving" mining blocks (2) in the working face and mining them simultaneously, thus forming multi-heading parallel operation, till the entire working face is mined.
2. The wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the mining blocks (1) are main mining blocks, and the ratio of advancing length of the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks (1) to the advancing length of the "mining-reserving" mining blocks (2) is at least 2:1.
3. The wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method according to claim 2, wherein when a plurality of working faces are arranged in the "mining-backfilling" mining block (1) and mined and backfilled simultaneously in the step 7, the number of backfilling faces (9) should not be greater than the number of mining faces (8), and the backfilling face (9) and the mining face (8) should be separated from each other at least by a mining wide roadway (7) or a roadway that has been backfilled and reached specified bearing strength.
4. The wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method according to any of claims 1-3, wherein in the process of wide roadway mining in the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks, the backfilling ratio of the mining wide roadways in the "mining-backfilling" mining blocks is controlled by calculating whether the development of water-conducting fissures in the overlaying strata penetrate the confining stratum;
the relationship between the development height of the water-conducting fissures in the overlaying strata and the backfilling ratio is be expressed as follows:
where, Hup is the development height of the water-conducting fissures in the overlaying strata, in unit of m; Mis the thickness of the coal seam, in unit of m; ri is the backfilling ratio, i.e., the ratio of the volume of the fully compacted filling body in the mining wide roadway to the volume of the mined coal; .1 is an influencing coefficient of the development of water-conducting fissures in the overlying strata, which is affected by factors such as geological conditions, coal mining technology and backfilling technology.
the relationship between the development height of the water-conducting fissures in the overlaying strata and the backfilling ratio is be expressed as follows:
where, Hup is the development height of the water-conducting fissures in the overlaying strata, in unit of m; Mis the thickness of the coal seam, in unit of m; ri is the backfilling ratio, i.e., the ratio of the volume of the fully compacted filling body in the mining wide roadway to the volume of the mined coal; .1 is an influencing coefficient of the development of water-conducting fissures in the overlying strata, which is affected by factors such as geological conditions, coal mining technology and backfilling technology.
5. The wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method according to any of claims 1-3, wherein in the process of wide roadway driving in the "mining-reserving" blocks, the number of the mining wide roadway gobs is controlled by calculating the ultimate strength of the narrow coal pillars; the number n of the mining wide roadway gobs that can prevent instability of the narrow coal pillars in the "mining-reserving"
blocks should meet the following criterion:
where, [a] is the compressive strength of the coal pillars, in unit of MPa; F
is the safety coefficient of the coal pillars; Sp is the width of the narrow coal pillars, in unit of m; S is the width of the mining wide roadways, in unit of m; f is the Protodyakonov coefficient; y is the average bulk density of rock, in unit of N/m3; kf is the correction coefficient of pressure arch.
blocks should meet the following criterion:
where, [a] is the compressive strength of the coal pillars, in unit of MPa; F
is the safety coefficient of the coal pillars; Sp is the width of the narrow coal pillars, in unit of m; S is the width of the mining wide roadways, in unit of m; f is the Protodyakonov coefficient; y is the average bulk density of rock, in unit of N/m3; kf is the correction coefficient of pressure arch.
6. The wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method according to any of claims 1-3, wherein after the mining wide roadways are backfilled, the subsidence of the ith rock stratum above the immediate roof of the coal seam is as follows:
the horizontal deformation is:
where, U is the subsidence of the immediate roof, in unit of m; n is the number of the mining wide roadways; b is the width of the mining wide roadways, in unit of m; H is the vertical distance from the ith rock stratum above the immediate roof of the coal seam to the immediate roof, in unit of m; H2 is the vertical distance from the main roof to the immediate roof, in unit of m; 0 is the angle of influence of strata movement, in unit of degree.
the horizontal deformation is:
where, U is the subsidence of the immediate roof, in unit of m; n is the number of the mining wide roadways; b is the width of the mining wide roadways, in unit of m; H is the vertical distance from the ith rock stratum above the immediate roof of the coal seam to the immediate roof, in unit of m; H2 is the vertical distance from the main roof to the immediate roof, in unit of m; 0 is the angle of influence of strata movement, in unit of degree.
7. The wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method according to any of claims 1-3, wherein in the mining process of the mining wide roadways in the step 4, the backfilling process of the mining wide roadways in the step 5, and the mining process of the mining wide roadways II in the step 6, an infrared thermal imaging system is utilized to observe surface infrared radiation information of the coal and rock mass at the mining faces, the surface infrared radiation information of the backfilling mass, and the surface infrared radiation information of the coal and rock mass and narrow coal pillars at the mining faces, so as to monitoring the locations of the water bodies, water inrush or water resource migration, stability of the backfilling mass, and stability of the narrow coal pillars (10) and provide warning.
8. The wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method according to claim 7, wherein if the infrared radiation index changes gradually with the advancing of the mining face, it indicates that there is a water body ahead of the mining face; in that case, the specific orientation of the water body is detected with a geological radar; if the infrared radiation index changes abruptly, i.e., the amplitude of the abruptly changed index is 10 times of the amplitude before the abrupt change or greater, it indicates that water inrush will occur at the mining face; in that case, an infrared thermal imaging system is utilized to observe the infrared radiation information at the mining face, so as to predict the location of the water body and water inrush or water resource migration and provide warning.
9. A water resource migration monitoring and water disaster warning method, comprising the following steps:
step 1: carrying out aerial photography on the surface of the mining area by means of a remote sensing satellite and an unmanned aerial vehicle, and preprocessing the photographs, such as correction, cropping and stitching, with professional remote sensing image processing software, so as to obtain the data of surface water system and fissure distribution;
step 2: arranging a hydrological observation borehole (18) at an appropriate location in the mining area, mounting a water level gauge, a rapid water quality analyzer and a groundwater flow or direction meter at the phreatic water level or water-bearing stratum in the borehole to collect the data such as groundwater level, water quality, flow rate, flow direction and particle size, etc.;
step 3: arranging a group of CT observation boreholes (19) on the ground surface at 20m interval in the advancing direction of the working face before mining; using every two adjacent boreholes as a transmitting borehole and a receiving borehole of the CT borehole detection system respectively, and observing the development of the fissures in the overlying strata that are not disturbed by mining;
step 4: arranging a borehole stress gauge and an infrared explosion-proof thermal imager at the coal mining and driving faces respectively, and collecting the stope stress and infrared radiation data in real time in the coal seam mining process;
step 5: transmitting the data acquired by the monitoring devices to the substations in the zones via a data acquisition system (16) and finally uploading the data to the master station of the sy stem;
step 6: analyzing the data of each evaluation index by using a data analysis system (17-1), to obtain the law of change of each index;
step 7: evaluating the influence of coal mining on the loss of water resources in the mining area by using a water resource migration evaluation system (17-2), and adjusting the mining method in time;
step 8: analyzing the collected data by using a water disaster warning system (17-3), to judge the risk of various water disasters confronted in the mine production, define corresponding warning levels for different water disasters, and provide corresponding handling solutions.
step 1: carrying out aerial photography on the surface of the mining area by means of a remote sensing satellite and an unmanned aerial vehicle, and preprocessing the photographs, such as correction, cropping and stitching, with professional remote sensing image processing software, so as to obtain the data of surface water system and fissure distribution;
step 2: arranging a hydrological observation borehole (18) at an appropriate location in the mining area, mounting a water level gauge, a rapid water quality analyzer and a groundwater flow or direction meter at the phreatic water level or water-bearing stratum in the borehole to collect the data such as groundwater level, water quality, flow rate, flow direction and particle size, etc.;
step 3: arranging a group of CT observation boreholes (19) on the ground surface at 20m interval in the advancing direction of the working face before mining; using every two adjacent boreholes as a transmitting borehole and a receiving borehole of the CT borehole detection system respectively, and observing the development of the fissures in the overlying strata that are not disturbed by mining;
step 4: arranging a borehole stress gauge and an infrared explosion-proof thermal imager at the coal mining and driving faces respectively, and collecting the stope stress and infrared radiation data in real time in the coal seam mining process;
step 5: transmitting the data acquired by the monitoring devices to the substations in the zones via a data acquisition system (16) and finally uploading the data to the master station of the sy stem;
step 6: analyzing the data of each evaluation index by using a data analysis system (17-1), to obtain the law of change of each index;
step 7: evaluating the influence of coal mining on the loss of water resources in the mining area by using a water resource migration evaluation system (17-2), and adjusting the mining method in time;
step 8: analyzing the collected data by using a water disaster warning system (17-3), to judge the risk of various water disasters confronted in the mine production, define corresponding warning levels for different water disasters, and provide corresponding handling solutions.
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| CN201811516675.6A CN109577982B (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | Wall type continuous mining and continuous filling water-retaining coal mining and water resource migration monitoring and water damage early warning method |
| PCT/CN2019/102479 WO2020119177A1 (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2019-08-26 | Wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method, and water resource migration monitoring and water disaster early warning method |
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| CN113482718A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-10-08 | 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 | Method for preventing rock burst through pressure relief arrangement of roadway group of coal seam panel |
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