CA3117574A1

CA3117574A1 - A less-lethal device

Info

Publication number: CA3117574A1
Application number: CA3117574A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Andre Johann Buys
Original assignee: Byrna Technologies Inc
Current assignee: Byrna Technologies Inc
Priority date: 2018-10-24
Filing date: 2019-10-24
Publication date: 2020-04-30
Also published as: US20210381796A1; EP3870925A1; ZA202102716B; CN113272616A; WO2020084550A1

Abstract

This invention relates to mechanisms and components of a less lethal device, including a magazine configured to house a plurality of projectiles in a "staggered" configuration, a barrel displacement mechanism, a projectile release mechanism and load indicator, a projectile detent, and a loading mechanism. The magazine comprises a hollow body with a first closed end and a second end with an opening through which projectiles are received into or from the body; a first follower which is displaceable from the first end in a direction of the second end for a first distance, the first follower being biased in the direction of the second end; and a second follower which is displaceable from the first end in the direction of the second end for a second distance, the second follower being biased in the direction of the second end and wherein the first distance exceeds the second distance.

Description

A LESS-LETHAL DEVICE
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
This invention relates to a less-lethal device. More particularly, the invention relates to various mechanisms and components of a less lethal device, including a magazine configured to house a plurality of substantially spherical projectiles in a "staggered" configuration, a magazine including a catch formation, a barrel displacement mechanism, a projectile release mechanism and load indicator, a projectile detent, and a loading mechanism.
The use of lethal force by law enforcement agencies or personnel, private security companies, or even private citizens as defensive or self-defensive measures is generally met with dissent. Internationally, legislative and regulatory requirements generally tend to dissuade the use of lethal force, and instead tends towards defensive regimes in the less-lethal sphere.
For example, currently in the USA, proposed legislative changes seek to require law enforcement personnel to use less-lethal force to incapacitate an attacker, before resorting to lethal force.

2 In most cases, the effective range or accuracy of known or currently available less-lethal devices render these devices ineffective. Best known examples include tasers and lachrymatory substances such as mace (also known as pepper spray). Tasers are accurate and effective to a maximum of 15 feet. This falls within the currently permissible "shoot to kill" range of 21 feet. Consequently, the current less-lethal devices' inefficiency, inaccuracy and in-utility seem to render adherence to the proposed legislative provisions impractical. In some cases, the use of tasers are viewed as excessive use of force, and annually, as many as a thousand "wrongful deaths" are attributable to the use of tasers in an attempt to use less-lethal force by law enforcement agencies.
Also available are launchers (similar to paintball guns) shooting frangible projectiles filled with a lachrymatory substance. Even though these devices have increased ranges, they remain notoriously inaccurate, especially due to manufacturing imperfections and instability of the projectiles. These launchers are furthermore bulky and ergonomically unfriendly when carried on the person or when being handled.
One way to improve the accuracy of projectiles, is to impart spin to the projectile as it is launched. This is achieved by utilising launchers comprising rifled barrels. However, the use of rifled barrels usually falls within the

3 purview of legislative provisions or bodies, such as the ATF (The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives).
A need exists for a less-lethal device, capable of temporarily incapacitating a person effectively at a range exceeding that of currently available less lethal devices. A need furthermore exists for a compact and ergonomically friendly less-lethal projectile launcher that does not fall within the purview of legislative provisions or bodies, suitable for use by law enforcement agencies, correctional services, the military and civilians alike.
Known less-lethal devices, such as less-lethal pistols comprise a body with a grip portion, a barrel, a canister of compressed gas, a valve assembly arranged to vent gas to propel a projectile received within the barrel upon actuation by a firing mechanism (or trigger).
In a bid to reduce the overall size of the less-lethal device, the canister, which comprises a sealed mouth, is received within the body, and a puncture mechanism is provided for puncturing the sealed mouth, to allow compressed gas to flow towards the valve assembly.
Magazines of less-lethal devices that use spherical projectiles have very limited capacity and are often bulky and complex. Double or staggered

4 stacking of spherical projectiles presents many problems, particularly because of small contact areas between subsequent projectiles. This often causes jamming of the spherical projectiles as they are unloaded from the magazine. To overcome this, complex followers that pivot to urge a last projectile from the magazine are sometimes used. This however adds complexity and unreliability to the design of the magazine.
The length of the barrel of a weapon impacts on the accuracy thereof. A
trade-off between the length of the barrel and the overall size of the weapon therefore has to be found. The effective length of the barrel is negatively impacted when the projectile is loaded from a magazine and effectively pushed forwards into the rear or the breech of the barrel. A need therefore exists for a mechanism that allows the loading of a projectile, especially an elongate projectile, from a magazine, into a barrel of the device, whilst simultaneously ensuring that an effective length of the barrel can be as long as possible, whilst keeping the overall dimensions of the device as compact as possible.
As projectiles are received within the barrel of a device, they often tend to fall from the barrel before the trigger is pulled. Alternatively, in some cases, upon further "loading" of the device, more than one projectile is simultaneously loaded into the barrel. Both of these instances negate the use of the device.
Throughout this specification, a follower, when used in relation to a

5 magazine of a weapon, will be understood to relate to a displaceable actuating member within the magazine, provided to urge projectiles received within the magazine towards a mouth of the magazine.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide various components and mechanisms of a less-lethal device with which the applicant believes the aforementioned disadvantages may at least be alleviated or which may provide a useful alternative for the known arrangements and methods.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a magazine for a plurality of substantially spherical projectiles, comprising:
- an elongate hollow body with a first closed end and a second end with an opening therein operatively through which projectiles are received into or from the body;

6 - a first follower which is displaceable from proximate the first end in a direction of the second end for a first distance, the first follower being biased in the direction of the second end; and - a second follower which is displaceable from proximate the first end in the direction of the second end for a second distance, the second follower being biased in the direction of the second end and wherein the first distance exceeds the second distance.
The second follower may be inhibited from being displaced beyond a predetermined position along the length of the body. The first follower may be allowed to be displaced beyond the predetermined position towards the second end.
A guide formation may be provided for guiding the second follower relative to the body during displacement. The guide formation may comprise a groove formed on one of the body and the second follower, and a ridge or protuberance formed on the other one of the body and the second follower, the ridge or protuberance in use received within the groove.
When the first and second followers are located proximate the first end, the first and second followers may be situated side-by-side. A cross sectional dimension of the body towards the first end may exceed a cross-sectional

7 dimension of the body towards the second end. Portions of opposing outer walls of the body located between the first end and the predetermined position may be substantially parallel to each other. Portions of the opposing walls of the body beyond the predetermined position in the direction of the second end may converge towards each other. A neck of the body may be formed proximate the second end, the neck defining an internal passage similar in shape and size to the opening. The opening may be substantially circular, and may be sized to allow the projectile to move through the opening without obstruction.
The first follower may be sized such that a portion of the first follower may protrude at least partially into the neck. The first follower may have a convex outer surface arranged to operatively urge against a projectile received through the opening.
The second follower may have a substantially concave outer surface arranged to operatively urge against a projectile received through the opening. A path followed by the first follower between the first end and the opening may follow a contour of the outer wall of the body. The path may therefore be non-linear.

8 A coupling arrangement may be provided between the first and second followers, such that as the first follower is moved against the bias towards the first end, the first and second followers may become coupled, so that the coupling arrangement may cause the first follower to urge the second follower from the predetermined position towards the first end.
The coupling arrangement may comprise a catch or shoulder formation on one of the first and second followers, and a hook or protuberance on the other one of the first and second followers.
According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a magazine for a plurality of substantially spherical projectiles, comprising:
- an elongate hollow body defining an internal cavity for receiving the projectiles, the body having a first closed end and a second end defining an opening operatively through which projectiles are received into or from the internal cavity;
- a ridge formation projecting from a side wall of the body, from proximate the first end towards the second end so that a first and second adjoining and substantially cylindrical channels are defined thereby; and - a follower which is displaceable from a first position within the first channel and proximate the first end, to a second position proximate the opening, the follower being biased to the second position.

9 A neck of the body may be formed proximate the second end, the neck defining an internal passage similar in shape and size as the opening. The opening may be substantially circular, and may be sized to allow a projectile to move thereth rough without obstruction.
A guide formation may be provided for guiding the follower relative to the body during displacement between the first and second positions. The guide formation may comprise a groove formed on one of the body and the follower, and a ridge or protuberance formed on the other one of the body and the follower, the ridge or protuberance in use received within the groove.
The follower may be biased towards the second position by a biasing means, in the form of a spring. The biasing means may be fixed to the first end, and may extend along the first channel when the follower is in the second position and may be inhibited from deflecting into the second channel.
The follower may be sized such that a portion thereof may protrude at least partially into the neck of the body when the follower is in the second position.

The follower may comprise a substantially convex outer surface arranged operatively to urge against a projectile received through the opening.
The first and second channels may extend substantially parallel to each 5 other and may intersect each other along a length thereof, such that a projectile operatively received within the first channel may project partially into the second channel, and such that a projectile operatively received within the second channel may project partially into the first channel.

10 The first and second channels may terminate into a receiving zone. The receiving zone may taper/converge towards the neck portion of the body.
According to a third aspect of the invention there is provided a magazine for housing a plurality of projectiles, the magazine in use received within a less-lethal device and comprising:
- an elongate hollow body with a first closed end and a second end with an opening therein operatively through which projectiles are received into or from the body; and - a catch formation located proximate the opening and mounted to the body, the catch formation comprising a stopper which is displaceable between a first position relative to the opening, in which the stopper obstructs a portion of opening so that a projectile is inhibited from moving

11 through the opening and a second position relative to the opening, in which the opening is not obstructed by the stopper, so that a projectile is allowed to pass through the opening, the catch formation mounted to an outside of the body.
The catch formation may be pivotably mounted to the outside of the body, so that the stopper may be pivoted between the first and second positions.
The stopper may be biased towards the first position by a biasing means.
The biasing means may be a torsion spring.
The catch formation may furthermore have an actuation surface for cooperating, in use, with an actuator situated within a body of the less-lethal device, so that when the magazine is inserted into the body, the actuator urges against the actuation surface to thereby cause the catch formation to be pivoted to the second position.
According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a barrel displacement mechanism for displacing a barrel of a device between a first and a second axial position, the displacement mechanism comprising:
- a formation located on the barrel;
- an actuator member arranged in contact with the formation, and in communication with a trigger mechanism, so that when the trigger

12 mechanism is actuated, the actuator member urges against the formation to cause the barrel to be displaced towards the second axial position.
The barrel may be axially slidable relative to a body of the device.
The formation may be a shoulder located on the barrel.
The actuator member may be pivotably mounted relative to the barrel, and may comprise at least a first actuation arm, an end region of which may be arranged to contact the formation.
The actuator member may further comprise a plurality of cogs, arranged in mesh with a plurality of cogs formed on the trigger member, so that when the trigger member is actuated, the cogs on the trigger member cause the at least first arm to pivot relative to the barrel.
The end region of the at least one arm may be provided in sliding contact with the formation.
The actuator member may comprise a second arm.

13 Alternatively, the formation may take the form of a rack, whilst the actuator member may comprise a number of cogs arranged to interact with the rack, to form a rack-and-pinion type interaction.
Alternatively, a link body may pivotably be arranged between the formation and the trigger mechanism, whilst the trigger mechanism may be provided with a cam surface for urging against the link body when the trigger mechanism is actuated, thereby causing the barrel to be displaced to the rearward position.
Further alternatively, the barrel displacement mechanism may comprise a pin received within a slot. The pin may be actuated via a lever associated with the trigger mechanism, when the trigger mechanism is actuated. When the pin is actuated, it may slide within the slot, causing the barrel to be displaced to the rearward position.
Yet further alternatively, the barrel displacement mechanism may comprise a multi-link or lever system. The links or levers may be pivotably interconnected by pins. The arrangement may be such that the links or levers pivot relative to each other when the trigger mechanism is actuated, thereby displacing the barrel to the rearwards position.

14 According to a fifth aspect of the invention, there is provided a release mechanism of a device, for releasing a projectile held by a receiving projection of a release valve thereof, the release mechanism comprising an indicator body, which is fixed to a body of the device such that a portion of the indicator body projects to an outside of the body of the device, wherein the indicator body is displaceable between an elevated position in which the indicator body stands proud of the body of the device, and a lowered position, the configuration being such that the indicator body is displaced to the elevated position when a projectile is held by the receiving portion, so that when the indicator body is urged towards the lowered position, a force is exerted on the projectile.
The receiving projection may comprise a displaceable release body which is operatively provided in contact with the projectile. A contact portion of the indicator body may urge against the release body, such that when the indicator body is displaced to the lowered position, the release body is displaced thereby.
The release body may be pivotably fixed to the receiving projection. The indicator body may be pivotably fixed to the body of the device.

The indicator body may be arranged to rest on the release body. The arrangement may be such that when a barrel moves to a second or rearward position relative to the receiving projection, the indicator body may be lifted from the release body.

According to a sixth aspect of the invention there is provided a projectile detent, comprising a body having a first portion mounted relative to a breech of a device and a second portion manufactured from a resiliently deformable material, the second portion being displaceable between a first position, in 10 which the second portion retains a projectile within a breech of the barrel, and a second position, in which the projectile is allowed to be displaced from the barrel.
According to a seventh aspect of the invention there is provided a loading

15 mechanism for loading a projectile into a bore/breech of a barrel of a device, the loading mechanism comprising a first and a second body being pivotably fixed relative to each other, the first and second bodies defining a cavity therebetween, and configurable between a first configuration, wherein the first and second bodies are pivoted towards each other, so that the cavity is substantially cylindrical, and a second configuration where the first and second bodies are pivoted away from each other to define an opening into the cavity through which operatively to receive the projectile into the cavity.

16 The loading mechanism may further comprise a biasing member for biasing the first and second bodies towards the second configuration. The biasing member may be a spring, such as a torsion spring. Alternatively, the first and second bodies may be biased to the first configuration.
The first and second bodies may each define a substantially semi-cylindrical inner surface.
The first and second bodies may be provided with a first and second actuating formation respectively, for operatively actuating the first and second bodies against the bias to the first configuration. The actuating formation may comprise a bevelled surface, for interacting with a corresponding slide formation disposed on an inside of a slide associated with the barrel of the device.
The arrangement may be such that, when the slide is operatively displaced from a first resting position to a second position, the slide formation may interact with the actuating formation, to allow the first and second bodies to move, under the bias of the biasing member, to the second configuration, so that the projectile may be received through the opening into the cavity, whilst when the slide is operatively displaced from the second position to

17 the first, resting position, the slide formation may cause the first and second bodies to be pivoted to the first configuration, against the bias.
A first end of the loading mechanism may be arranged proximate an extremity of the barrel. The configuration of the loading mechanism may be such that, when the first and second bodies are in the first configuration, the cylindrical cavity aligns with the bore, and the first end of the loading mechanism may seal against the barrel, so that a length of the bore is extended by a length of the cylindrical cavity.
A second end of the loading mechanism may operatively be arranged proximate a pressure discharge valve which operatively vents a predetermined volume of compressed gas into the cavity causing the projectile to be discharged from the barrel. The arrangement may be such that when the first and second bodies are in the first configuration, the second end of the loading mechanism may seal against the discharge valve, so that the pressure discharge valve and bore may be arranged in fluid flow communication, and so that, when pressurised gas is discharged or vented via the pressure discharge valve, a projectile located within the cavity may be discharged from the device via the bore.

18 A barrel displacement mechanism may cause the barrel to operatively move away from the loading mechanism to define a gap between the first end of the loading mechanism and the barrel, when the first and second bodies are in the second position.
The barrel displacement mechanism may cause the loading mechanism to operatively move away from the discharge valve to define a gap between the second end of the loading mechanism and the discharge valve, when the first and second bodies are in the second position.
The first and second bodies may be allowed to slide axially on first and second pins respectively, between a rearward position wherein the loading mechanism seals against the discharge valve, and a forward position, wherein a gap is defined between the loading mechanism and the discharge valve. A biasing means may bias the loading mechanism to the forward position. A shoulder may limit the axial displacement of the loading mechanism on the first and second pins respectively.
The opening into the cavity may have a cross-sectional dimension similar to a diameter of the projectile.

19 The length of the first and second bodies may exceed a length of the projectile.
The first and second bodies, actuating formation and slide formation may be manufactured from a polymeric material and may be formed by way of injection moulding. Alternatively, the first and second bodies, actuating formation and slide formation may be of a metallic material and may have relatively smooth outer surfaces. The outer surfaces of the actuating formation and slide formation may be polished.
The device may be a less lethal device.
According to an eight aspect of the invention there is provided a barrel displacement mechanism for displacing a barrel of a less-lethal device having a body, between a forward and rearward axial position, the barrel displacement mechanism comprising an actuation member on a slide of the body, arranged for interacting with an actuation mechanism provided between the slide and the barrel, so that, when the slide is moved to a rearwards axial position, the actuation member interacts with the actuation mechanism, so that the barrel moves to the forward axial position, and so that, when the slide is moved to a forwards axial position, the actuation member interacts with the actuation mechanism, so that the barrel moves to the rearward axial position.
The actuation member may comprise an interacting surface and may take 5 the form of a pin.
The actuation mechanism may comprise:
- an actuation body, pivotably fixed relative to a body of the device and comprising first and second actuation surfaces; and 10 - a link body pivotably fixed between the actuation body and the barrel.
The arrangement may be such that the actuation member interacts with the first actuation surface of the actuation body when the slide moves towards the rearward axial position, thereby to cause the actuation body to pivot 15 relative to body of the device, to cause the barrel to be displaced to the forward position, and such that the actuation member interacts with the second actuation surface of the actuation body when the slide moves towards the forward axial position, thereby to cause the actuation body to pivot relative to body of the device, to cause the barrel to be displaced to

20 the rearward position.

21 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
The invention will now further be described, by way of examples only, with reference to the accompanying diagrams wherein:
figure 1 is a perspective view of first example less-lethal device in the form of a pistol of which a body panel has been removed to reveal internal components thereof, which pistol is adapted to propel spherical projectiles through a barrel;
figure 2 is a section view of a first example magazine used with the less-lethal device of figure 1, in which a plurality of substantially spherical projectiles is received in staggered configuration, the magazine comprising dual followers;
figure 3 is the magazine of figure 2 with a first spherical projectile loaded therein;
figure 4 is the magazine of figure 2 with a second spherical projectile loaded therein;
figure 5 is the magazine of figure 2 with a third spherical projectile loaded therein;
figure 6 is the magazine of figure 2 with a fourth spherical projectile loaded therein;

22 figure 7 is the magazine of figure 2 with a fifth spherical projectile loaded therein;
figure 8 is the magazine of figure 2 with a sixth spherical projectile loaded therein;
figure 9 is the magazine of figure 2 with a seventh spherical projectile loaded therein;
figure 10 is a first perspective view of a second example magazine used with the less-lethal device of figure 1, in which a plurality of substantially spherical projectiles is received in staggered configuration, the magazine comprising a single follower;
figure 11 is a front view of the magazine of figure 10, with a catch formation shown in a first position;
figure 12 is a side view of the magazine of figure 10, shown in section along line IV-IV' indicated in figure 11;
figure 13 is a top view along section XIII ¨ XIII' indicated in figure 11, showing first and second channels defined by a ridge formation;
figure 14 is a front view of the magazine of figure 10, with the catch formation shown in a second position;
figure 15 is a perspective view of the magazine of figure 10, in which some detail is shown in broken lines to render inner details thereof visible;

23 figure 16 is a perspective view of the magazine as shown in figure 15, in which a first four spherical projectiles have been loaded;
figure 17 is a perspective view of the magazine as shown in figure 15, in which eight spherical projectiles have been loaded;
figure 18 is a front view in section of the device of figure 1, showing details of a magazine in an operational position within a grip portion of the device, and wherein an actuator has caused a stopper of the magazine to pivot away from an opening of the magazine;
figure 19 is the front view in section of figure 18, wherein the magazine has been released from the grip portion of the device, and wherein the stopper obstructs a projectile within the magazine from being displaced through the opening;
figure 20 is the front view in section of figure 19, wherein the magazine is displaced further downwardly out of the grip portion, and wherein the stopper retains the projectile within the magazine;
figure 21 is a perspective view of a subassembly of the less lethal device of figure 1, which subassembly comprises a barrel, a release valve, and a barrel displacement mechanism, with the barrel being located in a first, forward, position;
figure 22 is a side view of the subassembly of figure 21;

24 figure 23 is a side view of the subassembly of figure 22, in which the barrel displacement mechanism is being actuated, and wherein the barrel is located in an intermediate position;
figure 24 is a side view of the subassembly of figure 22, in which the barrel displacement mechanism is fully actuated, and wherein the barrel is located in a second, rearward, position;
figure 25 is a section side view of the subassembly of figure 24;
figure 26 .. is a perspective view of a release valve and a release mechanism of the less lethal device of figure 1, showing a receiving formation before a projectile is received therein;
figure 27 is a sectioned side view of the release valve and release mechanism of figure 26, in which a projectile is in the process of being received within the receiving projection;
figure 28 is a sectioned side view of the release valve and release mechanism of figure 26, with a projectile in its final position within the receiving projection;
figure 29 is a perspective detail view of a release valve, release mechanism, a portion of a barrel and projectile detents of the device of figure 1, wherein a projectile is received within the receiving projection, and wherein the barrel is in a first, forward, position;

figure 30 is a top view of the release valve, release mechanism, barrel and projectile detents of figure 29;
figure 31 is a top view of the release valve, release mechanism, barrel and projectile detents of figure 29, wherein the barrel has been 5 displaced to a second, rearward, position, and wherein the detents have been deflected by the barrel;
figure 32 is a perspective view of a second example less-lethal device in the form of a pistol of which a body panel has been removed to reveal internal components thereof, which pistol is adapted 10 to propel elongate finned projectiles through a barrel;
figure 33 is a top perspective view of an example elongate finned projectile used with the less-lethal device of figure 32;
figure 34 is a bottom perspective view of the projectile of figure 33;
figure 35 is a perspective view of an example loading mechanism, used 15 with the less-lethal device of figure 32 and in which first and second bodies are located in a first configuration or position;
figure 36 is a perspective view of the loading mechanism of figure 35, in which the first and second bodies are located in a second configuration;
20 figure 37 is a sectioned side view of an assembly comprising a portion of a barrel and a release valve of the less-lethal device of figure 32, with the loading mechanism of figure 35 in situ, before a projectile is loaded into the loading mechanism;
figure 38 .. is a sectioned front view of the assembly of figure 37;
figure 39 is a sectioned side view of the assembly of figure 37, wherein the barrel is displaced axially away from the loading mechanism to define a first gap therebetween, and wherein the loading mechanism is displaced axially away from the release valve so that a second gap is defined therebetween;
figure 40 .. is a sectioned front view of the assembly of figure 39;
figure 41 is a sectioned side view of the assembly of figure 37, wherein the first and second bodies are located in the second configuration, and wherein a projectile has been loaded into the loading mechanism;
figure 42 .. is a sectioned front view of the assembly of figure 41;
figure 43 is a sectioned side view of the assembly of figure 41, wherein the first and second bodies are returned to the first configuration;
figure 44 is a sectioned front view of the assembly of figure 43;
figure 45 is a section side view of the assembly of figure 37, wherein the barrel and loading mechanism are both displaced axially to remove the first and second gaps;
figure 46 .. is a sectioned front view of the assembly of figure 45;

figure 47 is a sectioned side view of the assembly of figure 37, in which the projectile is in the process of being propelled from the barrel;
figure 48 is a sectioned front view of the assembly of figure 47;
figure 49 is a perspective view of first and second actuating formations formed on the first and second bodies of the loading mechanism of figure 35, with the first and second bodies located in the first configuration;
figure 50 is a perspective view of the first and second actuating formations of figure 49, with the first and second bodies in the second configuration;
figure 51 is a side view of a barrel displacement mechanism of the less lethal device of figure 32, with a barrel in a rearward position;
figure 52 is a side view of the barrel displacement mechanism of figure 51, wherein a slide is in the process of being displaced rearwards, causing the barrel to be displaced forwards;
figure 53 is a side view of the barrel displacement mechanism of figure 51, wherein the barrel is in the forward position, so that a first gap is formed between the barrel and the loading mechanism, and so that a second gap is formed between the loading mechanism and the release valve; and figure 54 is a side view of the barrel displacement mechanism of figure 51, wherein the barrel is still in the rearward position, but wherein the slide has not yet moved fully to the forward position, and has therefore not yet started displacing the barrel to the rearward position.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
A first example less lethal device, in the form of a less-lethal pistol, is indicated by reference numeral 10 in figure 1. The less-lethal device 10 typically comprises a body 12 having a grip portion 14 for handling the device 10 and a barrel 16 through which a projectile (not shown in figure 1) is propelled in use. A magazine (which is generally shown as 18 in figure 1) is provided within the grip portion 14. The device 10 is specifically adapted for propelling substantially spherical projectiles. The magazine 18 is utilised to house a number of the spherical projectiles, and to load projectiles into a breech of the barrel. A canister of compressed gas 20 is located within the body 12, and typically, below the barrel 16. The canister 20 is locked in position within the body 12, by a locking cap 22, typically provided with a screw-in or bayonet-type locking mechanism. A release valve 24 is provided to vent a predetermined volume of compressed gas into the barrel 16, thereby to propel the projectile therefrom. The release valve 24 and canister 20 are therefore operatively arranged in fluid-flow communication. The release of gas by the release valve 24 is triggered by a trigger mechanism 26, which hinges about a hinge point 28. Typically, the trigger mechanism 26 triggers a hammer (or cock) 34, which actuates the release valve 24.
A puncture mechanism 30 is provided to initially puncture or open a seal (not shown) provided over a mouth (not shown) of the canister 20. The canister 20 (also known as a cartridge) is of the known kind and is typically filled with compressed carbon dioxide (CO2). A pressure tube 32 connects the canister 20, via the puncture mechanism 30, to the release valve 24.
It will be understood that the less lethal device 10 could take various forms or configurations other than that of a pistol, and may include such configurations as rifles and the like. It will also be understood that components as described herein may be compatible with such other configurations. Throughout the remainder of this disclosure, references to the less lethal device 10 will be made in respect of a device of the pistol configuration.
A first example magazine for the device 10 is indicated by reference numeral 18.1 in figures 2 to 9. The magazine 18.1 is specifically adapted for housing a plurality of substantially spherical projectiles 36, in a "double stacked"

configuration, as best shown in figures 8 and 9, and as is more fully described below.
The magazine comprises an elongate hollow body 38 with a closed first end 5 (not shown in the figures ¨ it will however be understood that the closed first end comprises a bottom of the magazine, and is similar to conventional magazines in this regard) and a second end 42 which defines an opening 44 into the hollow body 38, through which spherical projectiles 36 are loaded into the hollow body 38, or received from the hollow body 38 (as will be 10 described in more detail below).
The magazine 18.1 furthermore comprises a first follower 46 within the hollow body 38, which is displaceable from a position proximate the first end of the hollow body 38 (as is shown in figure 9) in a direction of the second 15 end 42, for a first distance 48. The first follower 46 is biased towards the second end 42 by a biasing means, typically in the form of a first spring 50.
The magazine 18.1 furthermore comprises a second follower 52 within the hollow body 38, which is also displaceable from a position proximate the first 20 end of the hollow body 38 (as is shown in figure 9) in a direction of the second end 42, for a second distance 53. As can be seen in figure 2, the first distance 48 exceeds the second distance 53. The second follower 52 is also biased towards the second end 42 by a biasing means, typically in the form of a second spring 54. When the second follower 52 is displaced the second distance 53 away from the first end, the second follower 52 is inhibited from being displaced further towards the second end 42, and remains at a predetermined position 56 along the length of the body 38, as it is indicated in figures 2 to 5. Also, as can be seen in figure 2, the first follower 46 is free to move beyond the predetermined position 56, towards the second end 42.
Typically, a guide formation (not shown) is provided for guiding the second follower 52 during its displacement, relative to the body 38. The guide formation typically comprises a ridge-and-groove formation. Therefore, either the ridge may be formed on an inner wall of the body 38 and the groove formed on the second follower 52, or the ridge may be formed on the second follower 52 and the groove may be formed on the inner wall of the body 38. The ridge and groove are arranged in mating fashion, so that the second follower 52 may be displaced in sliding fashion relative to the body 38.
When the first and second followers (46, 52) are located between the predetermined position 56 and the first end, the first and second followers (46, 52) are situated side-by-side (as is shown in figures 5 to 9). A first cross-sectional dimension, such as a first width 58 of the magazine 18.1, at the first end exceeds a second cross-sectional dimension, such as a second width 60 of the magazine 18.1 at the second end.
A first portion 62 of the body 38 (which is located between the first end and the predetermined position 56) has opposing outer walls (62.1 and 62.2) which are substantially parallel to each other.
A second portion 64 of the body 38 (which is located between the predetermined position 56 and the second end 42) has opposing outer walls (64.1 and 64.2) which converge towards each other.
A neck portion 66 of the body 38 is located proximate the second end 42.
The neck portion 66 defines an inner cavity which, in cross-section, is similar in shape and size as the opening 44. The opening 44 is substantially circular, and therefore the inner cavity of the neck section 66 is substantially cylindrical. The size of the opening 44 and the substantially cylindrical inner cavity of the neck portion 66 is such that a spherical projectile 36 may pass therethrough without being obstructed.
Similarly, the first follower 46 is shaped and sized such that it may protrude at least partially into the inner cavity of the neck portion 66. The first follower 46 has a convex head 68, which comes into direct contact with a first spherical projectile 36.1 that is loaded into the magazine. The spherical head 68 urges against the first projectile 36.1 while the first follower 46 is displaced towards the first end. As the first follower 46 is displaced from proximate the opening 44 towards the first end, the first follower 46 generally follows a contour of the walls 64.1 and 62.1 of the second and first portions (64, 62) respectively. A path followed by the first follower 46 between the first end and the opening 44 is therefore non-linear. The first follower 46 may therefore pivot relative to the body 38 along the path. By providing the first follower 46 with the convex head 68, it is ensured that the first follower 46 continually contacts the first spherical projectile 36.1, irrespective of changes in the relative position of the first spherical projectile 36.1 and the first follower 46.
Since a path of the second follower 52 is linear (it is guided by the guide arrangement) the second follower 52 has a substantially concave portion 69 for receiving a second projectile 36.2.
A coupling arrangement which comprises a catch or shoulder formation 70 on the second follower 52, and a hook or protuberance 72 on the first follower 72 is provided. It will readily be appreciated that the coupling arrangement may take various other variations, such as where the hook or protuberance 72 is formed on the second follower 52 and the catch or shoulder formation 70 is formed on the first follower 46.
The magazine 18.1 is designed to house seven spherical projectiles in a staggered configuration. It will be appreciated that by loading the spherical projectiles 36 in a staggered configuration, the magazine 18.1 is significantly more compact than a magazine that doesn't allow a staggered configuration would be.
Figure 2 shows the magazine 18.1 without any spherical projectiles loaded therein. In figure 3 the first spherical projectile 36.1 is loaded through the opening 44 into the magazine 18.1, and the first follower 46 is displaced a little towards the first end.
In figure 4 the second spherical projectile 36.2 is loaded through the opening 44 into the magazine 18.1. The second spherical projectile 36.2 urges against the first spherical projectile 36.1 causing the first follower 46 to be displaced a little further towards the first end. The first follower 46 now starts moving in next to the second follower 52.
In figure 5 a third spherical projectile 36.3 is loaded through the opening 44 into the magazine. The third spherical projectile 36.3 urges against the second spherical projectile 36.2. The concave portion 69 is slanted slightly towards the first follower 46, and so the first spherical projectile 36.1 follows the first follower 46. As further spherical projectiles are loaded, the shapes of the spherical projectiles cause each subsequent spherical projectile to 5 move to a different side of the magazine 18.1.
As can be seen in figure 5, at a specific point, the catch or shoulder 70 and the hook or protuberance 72 becomes coupled, so that the first and second followers (46, 52) move together towards the first end.
Unloading of the spherical projectiles 36 from the magazine 18.1 occurs in reverse order as order of the loading of the projectiles 36 into the magazine 18.1, as was described above. A stiffness coefficient of the second spring 54 may exceed that of the first spring 50.
By providing two separate followers, and limiting the second distance 53, it is ensured that the first projectile 36.1 can easily be unloaded from the magazine 18.1, by the first follower 46 moving freely towards the opening 44, despite the converging of the opposing walls (64.1, 64.2).
A second example magazine for the device 10 is indicated by reference numeral 18.2 in figures 10 to 17. The magazine 18.2 is also adapted for housing a plurality of substantially spherical projectiles 36, in a "double stacked" configuration, as can be seen in figures 16 and 17, and as is more fully described below. The magazine 18.2 is operatively received, similar to the magazine 18.1, in the grip portion 14 of the device 10.
The magazine 18.2 comprises an elongate hollow body 80 defining an internal cavity 82, in which the projectiles are housed or received in use.
The body 80 has a closed first end 84 and a second end 86 which defines an opening 88 through which spherical projectiles 36 are received into or from the internal cavity 82.
A ridge formation 90 projects from a side wall 92 of the body 80, into the internal cavity 82. The ridge formation 90 projects from the first end 84 towards the second end 86 for a first distance 94. As can be seen in the figures, the ridge formation 90 does not extend all the way to the second end 86.
The ridge formation 90 defines a first and second adjoining and substantially cylindrical channel (or race or groove) (96, 98), each for housing a number of spherical projectiles 36 in a staggered configuration (as is described in more detail below).

The magazine 18.2 also comprises a follower 100 which is displaceable from a first position to a second position relative to the body 80. In the first position, the follower 100 is located within the first channel 96 and proximate the first end 84, whilst in the second position, the follower has exited the first channel 96 and is located proximate the opening 88.
A biasing means, such as a spring 101 (shown in figures 18 to 20) is provided between the first end 84 and the follower 100, so that the follower is biased towards the second position. A first end of the spring 101 may be fixed to, and my therefore urge against, the first end 84. When the follower 100 is located in the second position, the spring 101 extends along and out of the first channel 96. The diameter of the spring 101 may therefore be slightly smaller than the channel 96. When the spring 101 is compressed (in other words, when the follower 100 is displaced against the bias to the first position) the first channel 96 acts as a guide, to ensure that the spring 101 does not deflect into the second channel 98.
The body 80 forms a neck 102 towards the second end 86. The neck 102 defines an internal passage which corresponds in shape and size to the opening 88. The opening 88, and therefore the internal passage of the neck 102 is substantially circular, and large enough to allow a spherical projectile 36 to pass therethrough uninhibited or without obstruction.

A guide formation 104 is provided for guiding the follower 100 during its displacement between the first and second positions relative to the body 88.
The guide formation typically comprises a ridge-and-groove formation. As is shown in figures 12 and 13, the groove 104 is typically formed on the side wall 92 of the body 80. A ridge (or protuberance such as a pin 106 which is best indicated in figure 15) is formed on the follower 100, and arranged to be received and to slide within the groove 104. It will readily be appreciated that the ridge may be formed on the side wall 92 and the groove one the follower 100, without departing from the scope of the invention.
The follower 100 is sized such that at least a portion thereof protrudes into the neck 102 when the follower is in the second position. The follower has a substantially convex outer surface or head 108, with a seat 110 for receiving a first projectile 36.1 received within the magazine 18.2.
The first and second channels (96, 98) extend substantially parallel to each other and intersect each other along a length thereof. When viewed from the top, the first and second channels (96, 98) are substantially 8-shaped or waisted. A lengthwise opening is therefore formed between the first and second channels (96, 98). Therefore, when a projectile 36 is located in the first channel 96, a portion of the projectile 36 will project into the second channel 98. Similarly, a projectile 36 which is located in the second channel 98, will partially project into the first channel 96 (it will be appreciated that the spring 101, by virtue of its diameter will also project slightly into the second channel 98, but will not deflect into the second channel 98).
The first and second channels (96, 98) terminate into a receiving zone 112.
The receiving zone 112 tapers or converges towards the neck portion 102 of the body 88.
In use, the first projectile 36.1 is received through the opening 88 and neck 102 into the receiving zone 112, whilst being located in the seat 110 of the follower 100. The first projectile 36.1 therefore displaces the follower 100 by a first portion towards the first position. The first projectile 36.1 will therefore move with the follower 100 into the first channel 96 as further projectiles are received into the internal cavity 82. As a second projectile 36.2 is received into the internal cavity 82, outer surfaces of the first and second projectiles (36.1, 36.2) interact, so that the second projectile 36.2 moves towards the second channel 98.
An outer surface of a third projectile 36.3 will interact with the outer surface of the second projectile 36.2, so that the third projectile 36.3 will again be received in the first channel 96. In this way, subsequent projectiles are stored in a staggered formation.
Since both of the first and second projectiles (36.1, 36.2) project partially 5 into the adjoining channel, the second projectile's 36.2 displacement within the second channel 98 is limited by the first projectile 36.1. Therefore, as projectiles are unloaded from the magazine 18.2 in use, and as the follower is displaced towards the second position under the influence of the bias, the first projectile 36.1 will urge the second projectile 36.2 towards the opening 10 88, whilst the second projectile 36.2 will urge the third projectile 36.3 towards the opening 88, and so on.
The interaction between projectiles in the adjoining channels enables the use of a single follower 100 to unload projectiles 36 from both channels (96, 15 98).
Furthermore, since the size of the follower is such that it can fit at least partially through the neck portion 102 and the opening 88, it can be displaced along the length of the body, even though the body 80 converges in the receiving zone 82, allowing the first projectile to be unloaded from the magazine 18.2, without the follower requiring complex movable geometry.
20 A path followed by the follower 100 is substantially linear, which aids in the effective discharging or unloading of the projectiles 36 through the opening 88. It will be understood that the specific geometry of the receiving zone is critical to the operation of the magazine 18.2 the form described above, and specifically with regards to the staggering of subsequent projectiles 36 in the adjoining first and second channels (96, 98).
It will again be appreciated that by loading the spherical projectiles 36 in a staggered configuration, the magazine 18.2 is significantly more compact than a magazine that doesn't allow a staggered configuration would be.
Figure 15 shows the magazine 18.2 without any spherical projectiles loaded therein, with the follower 100 in the second position. In figure 16 a fifth spherical projectile 36.1 is loaded through the opening 44 into the magazine 18.2, and the follower 100 is displaced towards the first position. Here the follower has entered into the first channel 96.
Unloading of the spherical projectiles 36 from the magazine 18.2 occurs in reverse order as order of the loading of the projectiles 36 into the magazine 18.2, as was described above.
Each of the first and second example magazines (18.1, 18.2) is provided with a catch formation 120. The catch formation 120 will however be described with specific reference to the first example magazine 18.1. The catch formation 120 is located proximate the opening 44 of the body 38. The catch formation 120 comprises a stopper 122 which is pivotably displaceable between a first position relative to the opening 44 (shown in figure 11) and a second position relative to the opening 44 (typically shown in figure 14).
When the stopper 122 is in the first position, the opening 44 is partially obstructed so that the projectiles located within the magazine 18 is obstructed or inhibited from moving through the opening 44, whilst, when the stopper 122 is in the second position, the projectiles are free to move through the opening 44.
The catch formation 120 is mounted to the outside of the body 38, by means of screws 124 such that it is allowed to pivot between the first and second positions, as is indicated in figure 14.
A biasing means in the form of a torsion spring (not shown) is provided for biasing the stopper 122 to the first position.
An outer surface of the catch formation 120 acts as an actuation surface 126. When the magazine 18 is inserted into the grip portion 14 of the device 10, an internal formation of the body 12, acting as an actuator 128 (best shown in figures 18 to 20) urges against the actuation surface 126, and causes the stopper 122 to pivot to the second position, thereby allowing the projectiles to be received into the barrel 16 of the device 10.
When projectiles are loaded into the magazine 18, the stopper 122 is pivoted to the second position by a user. Being located on the outside of the body 38 eases the handling of the catch formation 120 considerably.
The stopper 122 is shaped such that a resultant force exerted by the projectile on the stopper 122 does not cause the stopper 122 to be pivoted to the second position.
When the magazine 18 is inserted into the grip portion 14, the catch formation 120 is displaced so that the top spherical projectile 36 is allowed to move from the magazine 18, into the breech of the barrel 16.
In figure 18, the magazine 18 is shown in an operative position within the grip portion 14. While being inserted into this position, the actuator 128 urged against the actuation surface 126, thereby causing the stopper 122 to be pivoted from the first to the second positions. Subsequently, a first spherical projectile 36.1 was received through the opening 88 into the breech of the barrel 16. A second spherical projectile 36.2 is located immediately below the first spherical projectile 36.2. Should the first spherical projectile 36.1 now be propelled from the barrel 16, the follower 100 would cause the second spherical projectile 36.2 to move into the breech of the barrel 16, ready to be propelled therefrom.
In some cases, however, a user may opt to remove the magazine 18 before propelling the first spherical projectile 36.1 from the barrel 16. This is shown in figures 19 and 20. In figure 19, the magazine 18 has been released from its position within the grip portion 14 (and as shown in figure 18), and has been displaced a first distance downwardly. As is shown in figure 19, the arrangement of the actuator 128 and the stopper 122 causes the stopper to move to the first position before the second projectile 36.2 is displaced relative to the first projectile 36.1. Now the stopper obstructs the opening 88, thereby inhibiting the second spherical projectile 36.2 from moving through the opening 88. As is shown in figure 20, the second spherical projectile 36.2 is retained within the magazine as it is moved further downwardly, and out of the grip portion 14.
The combination of the location of the actuator 128, the fact that the stopper 122 is mounted to the outside of the body of the magazine 18 and the geometry of the stopper 122, ensures that the second spherical projectile 36.2 is retained within the magazine 18 when it is removed from the grip portion 14. Also, since the stopper 122 is mounted to the outside of the body of the magazine 18, the neck portion 102 of the magazine 18 is less bulky than neck portions of conventional magazines, and consequently, the neck portion 102 may be advanced closer to the breech of the barrel 16, to assist in retaining the second spherical projectile 36.2 when removing the 5 magazine 18.
It will be appreciated that the catch formation 120 can equally be used with a magazine adapted for use with finned elongate projectiles (such as projectiles 202 described below and shown in figures 33 and 34). Also, it will 10 be appreciated that the catch formation 120 can be used with a magazine adapted to store a plurality of projectiles in a non-staggered fashion.
As is typically shown in figure 26, the release valve 24 comprises a receiving projection 130 for receiving the spherical projectile 36 from the magazine 15 18. The receiving projection 130 may be substantially semi-cylindrical.
A
retention flap 132 is provided towards one side of receiving projection 130.
The retention flap 132 is manufactured from an elastic material, and is biased inwardly, such that when the spherical projectile 36 is received within the receiving projection 130, the retention flap 132 is displaced by the 20 spherical projectile 36 against the bias. The retention flap 132 exerts a force on the spherical projectile 36, thereby gripping the spherical projectile 36 between itself and an opposing wall portion of the receiving projection 130.

This prevents a spherical projectile 36 located within the receiving projection 130 from falling from the receiving projection 130 when the magazine 18 is removed from the grip portion 14. Alternatively, the retention flap 132 may be configured to be moved out of the way against the bias as the projectile is inserted into the receiving projection 130, and may return under the influence of the bias, to catch the projectile 36, preventing it from falling from the receiving projection 130.
The receiving projection 130 comprises a substantially cylindrical portion 134. A seal in the form of an 0-ring 136 is provided around the cylindrical portion 134.
In order for the spherical projectile 36 to be received by the receiving projection 130, the barrel 16 needs to move away from the release valve 24 to create an opening for the spherical projectile 36 to move through. A barrel displacement mechanism 140 (shown in figures 21 to 25) is provided for this purpose. The barrel 16 is allowed to slide axially within the body 12, between a first position, which is a forward position in which the opening for the projectile 36 is created, and a second position, which is a rearward position, in which the barrel 16 is located over the receiving projection 130. The barrel 16 will be located in the second position when the projectile 36 is propelled from the barrel 16.

The barrel 16 is biased towards the first (forward) position (as shown in figures 21 and 22). A lock ring 142 is located towards a front end of the barrel 16. A spring 144 (shown in figure 1) is provided over the barrel 16, with a first end arranged in contact with the lock ring 142. A second end of the spring 144 contacts an internal shoulder formed on the body 12. The barrel is moved to the second or rearward position (as shown in figures 24 and 25) against bias created by the spring 144, so that the barrel 16 naturally returns to the first (forward) position.
The barrel displacement mechanism 140 comprises a formation or shoulder 146 located on the barrel. The formation or shoulder 146 may be in the form of a ring which is integrally formed on the barrel. Alternatively, the formation or shoulder 146 may be in the form of a ring locked in position relative to the barrel by shrink fitting, a lock pin or the like. A low-friction bush 148 may be provided to urge against the formation or shoulder 146. The bush 148 may typically be manufactured from a wear resistant material, such as a plastics, self-lubricating material.
An actuator member 150 is provided in contact with the formation or shoulder 146. The actuator member 150 is arranged in communication with the trigger mechanism 26, such that actuation of the trigger mechanism 26 by the user, causes the actuator member 150 to urge against the bush 148 and formation or shoulder 146 thereby to displace the barrel 16 from the first (forward) axial position, to the second axial (rearward) position.
The actuator member 150 is pivotably mounted relative to the barrel 16, and is free to pivot about pivot point 152. The actuator member 150 comprises at least a first, but typically also a second, actuation arm 154 (one located on either side of the barrel 16). An end region 156 of the actuation arm is arranged in sliding contact with the bush 148, to urge against the formation or shoulder 146. The bush 146 is therefore provided between the formation or shoulder 146 and the end region 156 to reduce friction or prevent wear when the end region 156 displaces the barrel 16 to the second (rearward) position.
The communication between the trigger mechanism 26 and the actuator member 150 is in the form of cogs or teeth of respective gears provided in mesh. A plurality (typically three or more) cogs or teeth 158 are provided on the actuator member 150, whilst a plurality of cogs or teeth 160 are provided on the trigger mechanism 26. Therefore, when the trigger mechanism 26 is actuated by a user, the respective teeth (158, 160) interact, causing the arms 154 to pivot about the pivot point 152.

In figures 21 and 22 the barrel 16 is shown in the first (forward) position, and the trigger mechanism 26 is not actuated. The gap or opening is now created for the spherical projectile 36 to be received into the receiving projection 130. The spherical projectile 36 is urged into the receiving projection 130 by the follower, or a subsequent projectile 36 received within the magazine 18, in which case, there will be contact between the spherical projectile 36 located in the receiving projection 130 and the subsequent projectile 36. In figure 23, a user starts actuating the trigger mechanism 26, so that the actuator member 150 starts pivoting about the pivot point 152, and so that the end regions 156 of the arms 154 starts urging against the bush 148, thereby causing the barrel 16 to be displaced away from the first (forward) axial position, in the direction of the second (rearward) position. In figure 24, the trigger mechanism is in its fully actuated position, and the barrel 16 is located in the second (rearward) position. From figure 25, it can be seen that the barrel 16 has now been displaced over the cylindrical portion 134 of the receiving projection 130, and the inner surface of the barrel 16 seals over the seal 136. Therefore, when the release valve 24 vents the predetermined volume of compressed gas into the barrel 16, the seal 136 prevents compressed gas from escaping between the barrel 16 and the release valve 24. It will be appreciated that the barrel 16, as it is displaced to the second (rearward) position, urges the subsequent spherical projectile 36 out of the way.

As soon as the barrel 16 is located in the second (rearward) position, the release valve 24 is actuated, so that the spherical projectile 36 is propelled from the barrel 16. When the trigger mechanism 26 is released by the user, 5 the barrel 16 will return to the first (forward) position under the bias of the spring 144, allowing the subsequent spherical projectile 36 to be received into the receiving projection 130, ready to be propelled from the barrel 16.
In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the formation 146 may take the 10 form of a rack, whilst the actuator member 150 may comprise a number of cogs arranged to interact with the rack, to form a rack-and-pinion type interaction between the trigger mechanism 26 and the barrel 16, arranged such that the barrel will be displaced to the rearward position when the trigger mechanism 26 is actuated.
In another alternative embodiment (which is not shown), the barrel displacement mechanism 140 may take the form of a link body pivotably arranged between the formation and the trigger mechanism 26, whilst the trigger mechanism 26 is provided with a cam surface for urging against the link body when the trigger mechanism 26 is actuated, thereby causing the barrel 16 to be displaced to the rearward position.

In yet another alternative embodiment (which is not shown) the barrel displacement mechanism 140 comprises a pin received within a slot. The pin is actuated via a lever associated with the trigger mechanism 26, when the trigger mechanism 26 is actuated or pulled. When the pin is actuated, it slides within the slot, causing the barrel 16 to be displaced to the rearward position.
In a further alternative embodiment (which is not shown) the barrel displacement mechanism 140 comprises a multi-link or lever system, wherein the links or levers are pivotably connected by pins. The arrangement may be such that the links or levers pivot relative to each other when the trigger mechanism 26 is actuated, thereby displacing the barrel 16 to the rearwards position. It will be appreciated that, by changing the configuration of the various links, such as by limiting relative displacements of some of the links, or by the addition or exclusion of a link, the arrangement may be changed to cause the barrel to be displaced to a forward position when the trigger mechanism 26 is actuated or pulled (as is described below in relation to the device 200).
In some cases, a spherical projectile 36 that has been received within the receiving projection 130 needs to be released (typically when the magazine 18 is removed from the grip portion 14). A release mechanism 176 is provided for this purpose.
The release mechanism 176 comprises an indicator body 178 which is held by the body 12 of the device 10, such that a portion of the indicator body 178 projects outside of the body 12. The indicator body 178 is displaceable between an elevated position (typically shown in figure 28) in which a portion of the indicator body stands proud of the body 12, and a lowered position (typically shown in figure 27). The indicator body 178 is typically arranged to pivot between the elevated position and the lowered position, although it will readily be understood that the indicator body 178 may similarly be received within a slot formed in the body 12 so that the indicator body 178 may axially slide between the elevated and lowered positions.
The release mechanism 176 is configured such that the indicator body 178 is displaced to the elevated position when a projectile 36 is held within the receiving projection 130. When the indicator body 178 is urged to the lowered position, a force is exerted on the projectile 36, to cause the projectile 36 to be released from the receiving projection 130. The receiving projection 130 comprises a displaceable release body 180, which is pivotably fixed to the receiving projection 130. When the projectile 36 is received by the receiving projection 130, the release body 180 contacts the projectile 36.
A contact portion 182 of the indicator body 178 urges against the release body 180. A spring (not shown) urges the indicator body 178 into contact with the release body 180. The spring is however, not strong enough to cause the release body to release the projectile 36 from the receiving projection 130. The release body 180 is therefore provided between the projectile 36 and the indicator body 178. When the indicator body 178 is urged to the lowered position by a user, the contact portion 182 transmits a force to the release body 180, which in turn transmits the force to the projectile 36, to cause the projectile 36 to be released from the receiving projection 130. The release body 180 is pivotably fixed to the receiving projection 130.
The indicator body 178 furthermore comprises an indicator surface 184 which is concealed when the indicator body is in the lowered position, but visible to a user, when the indicator body 178 is in the elevated position.
The indicator surface 184 is typically marked, such that when the marked portion of the indicator surface 184 is visible, a user is notified thereby that a projectile 36 is located within the receiving projection 130 of the device 10.

In figure 26, there is no projectile 36 located in the receiving projection 130, and consequently the indicator body 178 is in the lowered position. Figure 27, shows a projectile while it is received into the receiving projection 130, but just before it causes the release body 180 to be displaced. In figure 28, the projectile is received within the receiving projection 130, and the indicator body 178 is in the elevated position with the indicator surface 184 visible to the user of the device 10.
If the user now removes the magazine 18 from the grip portion 14, and presses on the indicator body 178, the release body 180 will move the projectile 36 to the position shown in figure 27, and the projectile will fall through the cavity within the grip portion in which the magazine 18 is usually received.
Since the indicator body 178 is arranged to rest on the release body 180, it will be moved out of the way when the barrel 16 is displaced to the second (rearward) position.
Even though the projectile 36 is held in position in the receiving projection 130 by the retention flap 132, the projectile 36 might become dislodged if the barrel 16 is bumped or if the device 10 is dropped on its barrel 16. A

projectile detent is provided to inhibit the projectile from accidentally becoming dislodged from the receiving projection 130.
The projectile detent comprises a detent body 190. A first portion 192 of the 5 detent body 190 is fixed to the body 12 of the device 10. As can be seen in the top view of figure 30, a second portion 194 of the detent body 190 curves inwardly such that a first end 196 of the detent body 190 contacts the projectile 36 when the barrel 16 is in the first (forwards) position. The detent body 190 inhibits the projectile 36 from being dislodged in the manners as discussed above. The detent body 190 is manufactured by a resiliently deformable material, typically in the form of a plastics material, such as polypropylene. When the barrel is displaced to the second (rearward) position, the barrel straightens the second portion 194 of the detent body 190 so that it moves outwardly and away from projectile 36. As the barrel slides over the projectile 36, the second portion 194 is forced out of the way, as is shown in figure 31. When the barrel 16 is displaced back to the first (forward) position, the second portion 194 moves back to its curved form, ready to retain a projectile 36 in its position. As indicated, two detent bodies are typically provided, one on either side of the barrel 16.
A second example less lethal device, in the form of a less-lethal pistol, is indicated by reference numeral 200 in figure 32. The less-lethal device 200 is similar to the first example less lethal device 10 in many respects, and functions substantially similarly. The second less lethal device 200 therefore comprises a similar body 12, grip portion 14, canister 20 (not shown in figure 32), locking cap 22, release valve 24, trigger mechanism 26, hinge 28, puncture mechanism 30, pressure tube 32 and hammer 34.
The second device 200 differs from the first device 10 in that it is adapted specifically for propelling non-spherical projectiles (such as the projectile 202 shown in figures 33 and 34). The projectile 202 comprises a body 204, a capsule 206 at a front portion of the body 204, which capsule may take the form of a conventional spherical projectile, or may be defined by a cap received over an open end of the body 204. A substance is received within the capsule 206. Towards a rear end of the body 204, a plurality of fins 208 are arranged which imparts spin on the projectile 202 in flight. An annular airfoil 210 is arranged around an extremity of the fins 208. The annular airfoil 210 improves in-flight aerodynamics of the projectile, and enables stacking of the projectiles 202 in a magazine (as will be described in more detail below).
The second device 200 comprises a magazine 212, which is provided for receiving a plurality of projectiles 202. The device 200 also comprises a barrel 214 from which projectiles 202 are projected in use. The barrel 214 differs from the barrel 16 in certain respects, as will be described below.
The device 200 further comprises a loading mechanism 216 which forms a breech of the device 200. The loading mechanism 216 is shown in more detail in figures 35 to 50. In use, the loading mechanism 216 constitutes an extension of the barrel 214. The magazine 212 is arranged such that an open end 44 thereof is located proximate the loading mechanism 216 in use.
As will be described in more detail below, the loading mechanism 216 is utilised to load projectiles 202 from the magazine 212 into the barrel 214.
The loading mechanism 216 comprises a first body 218 and a second body 220 which are fixed to the device 200 such that the first and second bodies (218, 220) can pivot relative to each other in use. The first and second bodies (218, 220) define an internal cavity 222 between them. The first and second bodies (218, 220) are configurable between a first configuration (which is typically shown in figure 35) and a second configuration (which is typically shown in figure 36). When the first and second bodies (218, 220) are configured in the first configuration, the first and second bodies (218, 220) are pivoted towards each other so that the internal cavity 222 is substantially cylindrical, having an inner diameter substantially similar to the bore of the barrel 214. Therefore, each of the first and second bodies (218, 220) has a substantially semi-cylindrical inner surface. Consequently, in the first configuration, the first and second bodies (218, 220) act as an extension of the barrel 214 and the first and second bodies (218, 220) form a breech of the barrel 214.
When the first and second bodies (218, 220) are configured in the second configuration, the first and second bodies (218, 220) are pivoted away from each other, so that an opening 224 is defined into the internal cavity 222. In use, the projectile 202 is received into the internal cavity 222 through the opening 224.
A biasing member, in the form of a spring (not shown) is provided to bias the first and second bodies (218, 220) to the second configuration.
The first and second bodies (218, 220) are pivotably fixed to the device 200 by means of first and second pins (226, 228) respectively, which are received within cylindrical slots formed towards top portions of the first and second bodies (218, 220). As is described more fully below, the first and second bodies (218, 220) are can furthermore slide axially along the first and second pins (226, 228).

The first and second bodies (218, 220) furthermore comprise first and second actuating formations or surfaces (230, 232) which are formed towards the top portion of the first and second bodies (218, 220).
Each of the first and second actuating formations (230, 232) comprise a first surface 234, a second surface 236 which is disposed at an acute angle relative to the first surface 234, and a connecting surface 238 which tapers, bevels or twists from the first surface 234 to the second surface 236. The arrangement is such that, when the first and second bodies (218, 220) are configured in the first configuration, the first surfaces 234 of the first and second actuating formations are substantially parallel, whilst, when configured in the second configuration, the second surfaces 236 are substantially parallel.
A slide (not shown) of the device 200 (which slide forms the top outer part of the body 12 surrounding the barrel 214, and which slide is similar to slides of conventional pistols) is provided with an internal actuation surface (not shown) which in use, is arranged proximate the first and second actuation formations (230, 232). When the slide is in a forward position, the actuation surface contacts the first surfaces 234, thereby forcing the first and second bodies (218, 220) towards the first configuration. When the slide is in a rearwards position, the actuation surface no longer contacts the first surfaces 234 but rather contacts the second surfaces 236 so that the first and second bodies (218, 220) are configured to the second configuration.
The first and second bodies (218, 220) move to the second configuration under the bias of the spring, and so the actuating surface effectively limits 5 the degree to which the first and second bodies (218, 220) may pivot away from each other under the bias of the spring.
When the slide is moved from the forward to the rearwards position, the actuation surface slides from the first surface 234, over the third surface 10 towards the second surface 236. The shape or contour of the third surface 238 therefore allows the first and second bodies (218, 220) to gradually move from the first configuration to the second configuration, and back.
It will be appreciated that the angular disposition of the second surfaces 236 15 relative to the first surfaces 234 causes the first and second bodies (218, 220) to change configuration. Therefore, the first surfaces 234 need not necessarily be parallel to each other when the first and second bodies (218, 220) are in the first configuration, provided the actuation surface is adapted for this. The same holds for the second surfaces 236 when the first and 20 second bodies (218, 220) are in the second configuration.

It will be appreciated that the first and second bodies (218, 220) may alternatively (not shown) be biased by the biasing member, to the first configuration, in which case interaction between the actuation surface of the slide (not shown) and the first and second actuation formations (230, 232) will cause the first and second bodies (218, 220) to move, against the bias, to the second configuration. In such a case, the contour of the first and second actuation formations (230, 232) will be adapted accordingly.
The slide is biased towards the forward position, and therefore moves towards the rearwards position against the bias.
A first end 240 of the loading mechanism 216 is arranged proximate a first end 242 of the barrel 214. A shoulder arrangement 244 is provided between the first ends (240, 242) of the loading mechanism 216 and the barrel 214 so that, the loading arrangement 216 and the barrel 214 seals operatively, when provided in contact with each other (when the first and second bodies (218, 220) are configured in the first configuration). The shoulder arrangement 244 furthermore aligns the internal cavity 222 with the bore of the barrel 214, so that the loading mechanism 216 acts as an extension of the barrel 214. Therefore, when the first and second bodies (218, 220) are in the first configuration, the first end 240 of the loading mechanism 216 seals against the first end 242 of the barrel 214.

A second end 246 of the loading mechanism 216 is arranged proximate the pressure discharge valve 24. It will be noted that the pressure discharge valve 24 used in the device 200 differs slightly from the pressure release valve used in the device 10. More particularly, the pressure discharge valve 24 of the device 200 does not comprise a receiving projection 130, as this function is fulfilled by the loading mechanism 216. When the first and second bodies (218, 220) are in the first configuration, the loading mechanism 216 seals against the release valve 24. A second shoulder arrangement 248 is provided for creating a tight seal. Therefore, when the release valve 24 is triggered, a predetermined volume of compressed gas is vented into the loading mechanism 216, so that the projectile 202 contained within the internal cavity is propelled from the barrel 216.
Therefore, when the first and second bodies (218, 220) are configured in the first configuration the first end 242 of the barrel 214 seals against the first end 240 of the loading mechanism 216, whilst the second end 246 of the loading mechanism 216 seals against the release valve 24.
As is described in more detail below, when the slide of the device 200 is moved to the rearwards position, the barrel 214 is caused to move forward axially, slightly away from the first end 240 so that the shoulder arrangement 244 disengages and so that a first gap 250 is formed between the barrel 214 and the loading mechanism 216. Also, when the slide of the device 200 is moved to the rearwards position, the loading mechanism 216 slides axially forwards along the first and second pins (226, 228), so that the second end 246 of the loading mechanism 216 moves slightly away from the release valve 24 causing the second shoulder 248 to disengage, and so that a second gap 252 is formed between the loading mechanism 216 and the release valve 24.
The first and second gaps (250, 252) allows the first and second bodies (218, 220) to move to the second configuration without obstruction.
The first and second bodies (218, 220) are allowed to slide axially on the first and second pins (226, 228) respectively, between a rearward position wherein the second end 246 of the loading mechanism 216 seals against the discharge valve 24, and a forward position, wherein the second gap 252 is defined between the loading mechanism 216 and the discharge valve 24.
A biasing means 254 (which may typically take the form of a first and second spring associated with the first and second bodies (218, 220) respectively, and which is best shown in figures 51 to 54) may bias the loading mechanism 216 (and therefore the first and second bodies (218, 220)) to the forward position. Interaction between the first end 242 of the barrel 214 and the first end 240 of the loading mechanism 216 causes the loading mechanism 216 to be displaced, against the bias of the biasing means 254, to the rearward position. Therefore, when the barrel 214 moves away from the loading mechanism 216 so that the first gap 250 is formed, the loading mechanism 216 is displaced to the forward position under the bias of the biasing means 254. A shoulder 256 limits the axial displacement of the first and second bodies (218, 220).
The device 200 is provided with a barrel displacement mechanism 258, which is provided for displacing the barrel 214 between forward and rearward axial positions. The barrel displacement mechanism 258 comprises an actuation member typically in the form of a pin 260 which extends from the slide of the device 200 (and which is fixed to the slide so that it moves with the slide). The pin 260 can therefore be displaced relative to the barrel 214, by displacing the slide. The pin 260 is arranged to interact with an actuation mechanism 262 which is arranged between the pin 260 and the barrel 214. Because of this interaction (and as more fully described below), when the slide is displaced rearwards (typically by the user of the device 200) the barrel is displaced to the forwards axial position, and when the slide is displaced forwards, the barrel is displaced to the rearwards axial position.

The actuation mechanism 262 comprises an actuation body 264 which is fixed to the body 12 of the device 200, such that the actuation body 264 can pivot about pivot point 266. The actuation mechanism 262 furthermore comprises a linking body 268 which is attached to the actuation body 264 5 via a pivot 270. The linking body 268 is furthermore pivotably attached, via a flange body 272, to the barrel 214. The flange body 272 is fixed to the barrel 214 such that no relative movement is allowed between the two. The linking body 268 is attached to the flange body 272 via a pivot 274. It will be understood that all of the pivots (266, 270 and 274) may comprise simple 10 pins.
The actuation body 264 comprises a first actuation surface 276 and a second actuation surface 278.
15 The barrel 214 is biased towards the forwards axial position, by a biasing means 280, typically in the form of a spring, such as a wave spring (which is used due to spatial constraints). The wave spring 280 is located between the flange body 272 and a shoulder 282. The shoulder 282 and the pivot 266 cannot move relative to each other. The shoulder 282 is formed on a 20 body 284 which defines a bore 286 through which the barrel 214 extends.
The barrel 214 can therefore be displaced axially within the bore 286. The shoulder 256 is also formed on the body 284.

When the barrel 214 is located in the rearward position, as is best shown in figure 51, the actuation body 264 and the linking body 268 are disposed at an angle 288 relative to each other which is slightly below 180 degrees (the angle 288 is defined between a first imaginary line 290 which intersects pivots 266 and 270, and a second imaginary line 292 which intersects pivots 270 and 274). Because of the bias of the biasing means 280, a tangential force results at the pivot 270 in the direction indicated by the arrow in figure 51. A stopper surface 294, which may be arranged to interact with either of the actuation body 264 or the linking body 268, prevents the pivot 270 from being displaced in the direction of the tangential force, and the barrel 214 remains in the rearward position. The bias of the biasing means 280 and the interaction of the actuation body 264 with the stopper surface 294 therefore effectively locks the barrel 214 in the rearward position.
When the slide is displaced to the rearward position, the pin 260 interacts with the first actuation surface 276 and causes the actuation body 264 to pivot upwards, as is indicated in figure 52. The angle 288 is now larger than 180 degrees, and the barrel 214 is displaced under the bias of the biasing means 280 towards the forward position. In figure 52 the first end 242 of the barrel 214 no longer contacts the first end 240 of the loading mechanism, as the loading mechanism is in contact with the shoulder 256. The second gap 252 has therefore been formed. The barrel 214 moves further forward under the bias, until the barrel reaches the forward position, as is shown in figure 53. The first gap 250 has now been formed. It will be appreciated that the first and second bodies (218, 220) are now free to move to the second configuration so that the opening 224 is formed.
As the slide is displaced forwards (typically under spring bias), the pin 260 moves forward with the slide, until, as is shown in figure 54, it makes contact with the second actuation surface 278, and causes the actuation body 264 to pivot downwardly, until the actuation mechanism 262 returns to the configuration as shown in figure 51 (as described above, the first and second bodies (218 and 220) will return to the first configuration as the slide is displaced forwards).
The first and second gaps may be between 1mm and 2mm, and therefore, the barrel 214 may typically be displaced between 2 and 4mm.
In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the arrangement may be such that the actuation member interacts with the first actuation surface of the actuation body when the slide moves towards the rearward axial position, thereby to cause the actuation body to pivot relative to body of the device, so that the barrel is pulled to the forward position by the link body, and such that the actuation member interacts with the second actuation surface of the actuation body when the slide moves towards the forward axial position, thereby to cause the actuation body to pivot relative to body of the device, to push the barrel to the rearward position via the link body.
It will be appreciated that any of the example barrel displacement mechanisms 140 described above in relation to the device 10 and the barrel 16 may be adapted to displace a barrel to a forward position rather than a rearward position when the trigger mechanism 26 is pulled or actuated by a user. It will therefore furthermore be appreciated that the device 200 may alternatively be fitted with such an adapted barrel displacement mechanism 140 which is actuated by the trigger mechanism 26 instead of the slide, thereby causing the barrel 214 to be displaced to the forward position.
Similarly, the barrel displacement mechanism 258 may be adapted to be actuated by the trigger mechanism 26 instead of by the slide.
The opening 224 into the internal cavity 222 may have a cross-sectional dimension similar, but slightly larger to a diameter of the projectile 202, so that the projectile 202 may easily be received from the magazine 212 into the internal cavity 222. A length of the loading mechanism 216 exceeds a length of the projectile 202.

The first and second bodies (218, 220), first and second actuating formations (230, 232) and the actuating surface on the slide are all typically manufactured from a polymeric material, and may be formed by injection moulding. Alternatively, the first and second bodies (218, 220) may be manufactured from a metallic material such as stainless steel. The actuating formations (230, 232) and actuating surface on the slide may similarly be of a metallic material and may have relatively smooth or polished outer surfaces, to promote sliding or relative movement between these surfaces.
As described above, an uppermost projectile located in the magazine 212 is urged upwards by other projectiles or a follower, from below. It is therefore pressed against the first and second bodies (218, 220), which will initially be in the first configuration. As the slide is moved to the rearwards position, the first and second bodies (218, 220) moves to the second configuration as described above, so that the opening 224 is formed. The uppermost projectile 202 is urged through the opening into the internal cavity 222. The projectile 202 only has to urged high enough into the internal cavity 222 so that when the first and second bodies (218, 220) starts moving back to the first configuration, the first and second bodies (218, 220) will contact a bottom half of the projectile 202.

As the slide is allowed to move to the forward position, the first and second bodies (218, 220) therefore returns to the first configuration, receiving the projectile 202 into the internal cavity 222. As the opening 224 closes, the first and second bodies (218, 220) urges the projectile immediately below 5 the uppermost projectile 202 (which is now located within the internal cavity 222) down, back into the magazine 212.
Should the slide be moved backwards again, the projectile already within the loading mechanism 216 will prevent the following projectile to move into 10 the loading mechanism 216, and again when the slide is allowed to move to the forwards position, the first and second bodies (218, 220) will urge the following projectile downwardly. In this way, and also since the projectiles are loaded directly from below and not through a rearward opening of the barrel, the loading mechanism 216 prevents more than one projectile 202 15 from being loaded into the barrel.
Furthermore, since the first and second bodies (218, 220) remains in the first configuration as long as the slide is in the forwards position, a projectile 202 located within the loading mechanism 216 (and therefore within the 20 barrel 212) will not fall from the barrel 212 when the magazine 214 is removed from the grip 14.

It will again be understood that the second less lethal device 200 could take various forms other than that of a pistol, and may include such configurations as rifles and the like.
It will be understood that the loading mechanism 216 may be adapted for use with other less-lethal projectiles, and is not limited to use with the projectile 202.
It will be appreciated that each of the barrel displacement mechanisms 140 (irrespective of whether such a barrel displacement mechanism 140 is adapted to be used by the device 10 or the device 200, and irrespective of whether the barrel displacement mechanism 140 causes a barrel to be displaced to a forward or rearward position when actuated) may be adapted to be actuated by the slide of the respective device instead of the trigger mechanism 26.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the precise details as described herein and that many variations are possible without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
The description above is presented in the cause of providing what is believed to be the most useful and readily understandable description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the invention. In this regard, no attempt is made to show structural details of the invention in more detail than necessary for a fundamental understanding of the invention. The words used should therefore be interpreted as words of description rather than words of limitation.

Claims

731. A magazine for a plurality of substantially spherical projectiles, comprising:
- an elongate hollow body with a first closed end and a second end with an opening therein operatively through which projectiles are received into or from the body;
- a first follower which is displaceable from proximate the first end in a direction of the second end for a first distance, the first follower being biased in the direction of the second end; and - a second follower which is displaceable from proximate the first end in the direction of the second end for a second distance, the second follower being biased in the direction of the second end and wherein the first distance exceeds the second distance.
2. The magazine of claim 1, wherein the second follower is inhibited from being displaced beyond a predetermined position along the length of the body.
3. The magazine of claim 2, wherein the first follower is displaceable beyond the predetermined position towards the second end.

4. The magazine of any one of the preceding claims, wherein a guide formation is provided for guiding the second follower relative to the body during displacement.
5. The magazine of claim 4, wherein the guide formation comprises a groove formed on one of the body and the second follower, and a ridge or protuberance formed on the other one of the body and the second follower, the ridge or protuberance in use received within the groove.
6. The magazine of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and second followers are situated side-by-side when the first and second followers are located proximate the first end.
7. The magazine of any one of the preceding claims, wherein a cross sectional dimension of the body towards the first end exceeds a cross-sectional dimension of the body towards the second end.
8. The magazine of any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein portions of opposing outer walls of the body located between the first end and the predetermined position are substantially parallel to each other.

9. The magazine of claim 8, wherein portions of the opposing walls of the body beyond the predetermined position in the direction of the second end converge towards each other.
5 10. The magazine of any one of the preceding claims, wherein a neck of the body is formed proximate the second end, the neck defining an internal passage similar in shape and size to the opening.
11. The magazine of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the opening 10 is substantially circular and sized to allow the projectile to move through the opening without obstruction.
12. The magazine of claim 10 or claim 11, wherein the first follower is sized such that a portion of the first follower protrudes at least partially into the 15 neck.
13. The magazine of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first follower has a convex outer surface arranged to operatively urge against a projectile received through the opening.

14. The magazine of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second follower has a substantially concave outer surface arranged to operatively urge against a projectile received through the opening.
15. The magazine of any one of the preceding claims, wherein a path followed by the first follower between the first end and the opening is non-linear.
16. The magazine of claim 15, wherein the path followed by the first follower between the first end and the opening is a contour defined by the outer wall of the body.
17. The magazine of any one of the preceding claims, wherein a coupling arrangement is provided between the first and second followers, such that as the first follower is moved against the bias towards the first end, the first and second followers become coupled, so that the coupling arrangement causes the first follower to urge the second follower from the predetermined position towards the first end.
18. The magazine of claim 17, wherein the coupling arrangement comprises a catch or shoulder formation on one of the first and second followers, and a hook or protuberance on the other one of the first and second followers.
19. A magazine for a plurality of substantially spherical projectiles, comprising:
- an elongate hollow body defining an internal cavity for receiving the projectiles, the body having a first closed end and a second end defining an opening operatively through which projectiles are received into or from the internal cavity;
- a ridge formation projecting from a side wall of the body, from proximate the first end towards the second end so that a first and second adjoining and substantially cylindrical channels are defined thereby; and - a follower which is displaceable from a first position within the first channel and proximate the first end, to a second position proximate the opening, the follower being biased to the second position.
20. The magazine of claim 19, wherein a neck of the body is formed proximate the second end, the neck defining an internal passage similar in shape and size as the opening.

21. The magazine of claim 19 or claim 20, wherein the opening is substantially circular, and is sized to allow a projectile to move therethrough without obstruction.
22. The magazine of any one of claims 19 to 21, wherein a guide formation is provided for guiding the follower relative to the body during displacement between the first and second positions.
23. The magazine of claim 22, wherein the guide formation comprises a groove formed on one of the body and the follower, and a ridge or protuberance formed on the other one of the body and the follower, the ridge or protuberance in use received within the groove.
24. The magazine of any one of claims 19 to 23, wherein the follower is biased towards the second position by a biasing means.
25. The magazine of claim 24, wherein the biasing means takes the form of a spring.
26. The magazine of claim 24 or claim 25, wherein the biasing means is fixed to the first end, extends along the first channel when the follower is in the second position and is inhibited from deflecting into the second channel.
27. The magazine of any one of claims 20 to 26, wherein the follower is sized such that a portion thereof protrudes at least partially into the neck of the body when the follower is in the second position.
28. The magazine of any one of claims 19 to 27, wherein the follower comprises a substantially convex outer surface arranged to operatively urge against a projectile received through the opening.
29. The magazine of any one of claims 19 to 28, wherein the first and second channels extend substantially parallel to each other and intersect each other along a length thereof, such that a projectile operatively received within the first channel projects partially into the second channel, and such that a projectile operatively received within the second channel projects partially into the first channel.
30. The magazine of any one of claims 19 to 29, wherein the first and second channels terminate into a receiving zone.

31. The magazine of claim 30, wherein the receiving zone tapers towards the neck portion of the body.
32. A magazine for housing a plurality of projectiles, the magazine in use 5 received within a less-lethal device and comprising:
- an elongate hollow body with a first closed end and a second end with an opening therein operatively through which projectiles are received into or from the body;
- a catch formation located proximate the opening and mounted to the 10 body, the catch formation comprising a stopper which is displaceable between a first position relative to the opening, in which the stopper obstructs a portion of opening so that a projectile is inhibited of moving through the opening and a second position relative to the opening, in which the opening is not obstructed by the stopper, so 15 that a projectile is allowed to pass through the opening, the catch formation mounted to an outside of the body.
33. The magazine of claim 32, wherein the catch formation is pivotably mounted to the outside of the body, so that the stopper is pivotable 20 between the first and second positions.

34. The magazine of claim 32 or claim 33, wherein the stopper is biased towards the first position by a biasing means.
35. The magazine of claim 34, wherein the biasing means is a torsion spring.
36. The magazine of any one of claims 32 to 35, wherein the catch formation has an actuation surface for cooperating, in use, with an actuator situated within a body of the less-lethal device, so that when the magazine is inserted into the body, the actuator urges against the actuation surface to thereby cause the catch formation to be pivoted to the second position.
37. A barrel displacement mechanism for displacing a barrel of a device between a first and a second axial position, the displacement mechanism comprising:
- a formation located on the barrel; and - an actuator member arranged in contact with the formation, and in communication with a trigger mechanism, so that when the trigger mechanism is actuated, the actuator member urges against the formation to cause the barrel to be displaced towards the second axial position.

38. The barrel displacement mechanism of claim 37, wherein the barrel is axially slidable relative to a body of the device.
39. The barrel displacement mechanism of claim 37 or claim 38, wherein the formation is a shoulder located on the barrel.
40. The barrel displacement mechanism of any one of claims 37 to 39, wherein the actuator member is pivotably mounted relative to the barrel and comprise at least a first actuation arm, an end region of which is arranged to contact the formation.
41. The barrel displacement mechanism of claim 40, wherein the actuator member further comprises a plurality of cogs, arranged in mesh with a plurality of cogs formed on the trigger member, so that when the trigger member is actuated, the cogs on the trigger member cause the at least first arm to pivot relative to the barrel.
42. The barrel displacement mechanism of claim 40 or claim 41, wherein the end region of the at least one arm is provided in sliding contact with the formation.

43. The barrel displacement mechanism of any one of claims 40 to 42, wherein the actuator member comprises a second arm.
44. The barrel displacement mechanism of claim 37 or claim 38, wherein the formation takes the form of a rack, whilst the actuator member comprises a number of cogs arranged to interact with the rack, to form a rack-and-pinion type interaction.
45. The barrel displacement mechanism of claim 37 or claim 38, wherein a link body is pivotably arranged between the formation and the trigger mechanism, whilst the trigger mechanism is provided with a cam surface for urging against the link body when the trigger mechanism is actuated, thereby causing the barrel to be displaced to the rearward position.
46. The barrel displacement mechanism of claim 37 or claim 38, wherein the barrel displacement mechanism comprises a pin received within a slot, and wherein the pin is actuated via a lever associated with the trigger mechanism, when the trigger mechanism is actuated, so that the pin slides within the slot causing the barrel to be displaced to the rearward position.

47. The barrel displacement mechanism of claim 37 or claim 38, wherein the barrel displacement mechanism comprises a multi-link or lever system.
48. The barrel displacement mechanism of claim 47, wherein the links or levers is pivotably interconnected by pins which is arranged such that the links or levers pivot relative to each other when the trigger mechanism is actuated, thereby displacing the barrel to the rearwards position.
49. A release mechanism of a device for releasing a projectile held by a receiving projection of a release valve thereof, the release mechanism comprising an indicator body which is fixed to a body of the device such that a portion of the indicator body projects to an outside of the body of the device, wherein the indicator body is displaceable between an elevated position in which the indicator body stands proud of the body of the device, and a lowered position, the configuration being such that the indicator body is displaced to the elevated position when a projectile is held by the receiving portion, so that when the indicator body is urged towards the lowered position, a force is exerted on the projectile.

50. The release mechanism of claim 49, wherein the receiving projection comprises a displaceable release body which is operatively provided in contact with the projectile.
5 51. The release mechanism of claim 50, wherein a contact portion of the indicator body urges against the release body, such that when the indicator body is displaced to the lowered position, the release body is displaced thereby.
10 52. The release mechanism of claim 50 or claim 51, wherein the release body is pivotably fixed to the receiving projection.
53. The release mechanism of any one of claims 49 to 52, wherein the indicator body is pivotably fixed to the body of the device.
54. The release mechanism of claim 53, wherein the indicator body is arranged to rest on the release body.
55. The release mechanism of claim 54, wherein the indicator body is arranged to be lifted from the release body when a barrel moves to a second or rearward position relative to the receiving projection.

56. A projectile detent, comprising a body having a first portion mounted relative to a breech of a device and a second portion manufactured from a resiliently deformable material, the second portion being displaceable between a first position, in which the second portion retains a projectile within a breech of the barrel, and a second position, in which the projectile is allowed to be displaced from the barrel.
57. A loading mechanism for loading a projectile into a breech of a barrel of a device, the loading mechanism comprising a first and a second body being pivotably fixed relative to each other, the first and second bodies defining a cavity therebetween, and configurable between a first configuration, wherein the first and second bodies are pivoted towards each other, so that the cavity is substantially cylindrical, and a second configuration where the first and second bodies are pivoted away from each other to define an opening into the cavity through which to operatively receive the projectile into the cavity.
58. The loading mechanism of claim 57, wherein the loading mechanism further comprises a biasing member for biasing the first and second bodies towards the second configuration.

59. The loading mechanism of claim 58, wherein the biasing member is a spring.
60. The loading mechanism of claim 59, wherein the spring is a torsion spring.
61. The loading mechanism of claim 57, wherein the first and second bodies are biased towards the first configuration.
62. The loading mechanism of any one of claims 57 to 61, wherein the first and second bodies each define a substantially semi-cylindrical inner surface.
63. The loading mechanism of any one of claims 58 to 62, wherein the first and second bodies is provided with a first and second actuating formation respectively, for operatively actuating the first and second bodies against the bias to the first configuration.
64. The loading mechanism of claim 63, wherein the actuating formation comprises a bevelled surface for interacting with a corresponding slide formation disposed on an inside of a slide associated with the barrel of the device.

65. The loading mechanism of claim 64, wherein the slide formation interacts with the actuating formation, when the slide is operatively displaced from a first resting position to a second position, to allow the first and second bodies to move, under the bias of the biasing member, to the second configuration, so that the projectile is received through the opening into the cavity, whilst when the slide is operatively displaced from the second position to the first, resting position, the slide formation causes the first and second bodies to be pivoted to the first configuration, against the bias.
66. The loading mechanism of any one of claims 57 to 65, wherein a first end of the loading mechanism is arranged proximate an extremity of the barrel.
67. The loading mechanism of claim 66, wherein the loading configuration is such that, when the first and second bodies are in the first configuration, the cylindrical cavity aligns with the bore, and the first end of the loading mechanism seals against the barrel, so that a length of the bore is extended by a length of the cylindrical cavity.
68. The loading mechanism of any one of claims 57 to 67, wherein a second end of the loading mechanism is arranged to be operatively proximate a pressure discharge valve which operatively vents a predetermined volume of compressed gas into the cavity causing the projectile to be discharged from the barrel.
69. The loading mechanism of claim 68, wherein the loading mechanism is arranged such that when the first and second bodies are in the first configuration, the second end of the loading mechanism seals against the discharge valve, so that the pressure discharge valve and bore is in fluid flow communication, and so that, when pressurised gas is discharged or vented via the pressure discharge valve, a projectile located within the cavity is discharged from the device via the bore.
70. The loading mechanism of any one of claims 57 to 69, wherein a barrel displacement mechanism causes the barrel to operatively move away from the loading mechanism to define a gap between the first end of the loading mechanism and the barrel, when the first and second bodies are in the second position.
71. The loading mechanism of any one of claims 57 to 70, wherein the barrel displacement mechanism causes the loading mechanism to operatively move away from the discharge valve to define a gap between the second end of the loading mechanism and the discharge valve, when the first and second bodies are in the second position.
72. The loading mechanism of any one of claims 57 to 71, wherein the first 5 and second bodies slide axially on first and second pins respectively, between a rearward position wherein the loading mechanism seals against the discharge valve, and a forward position, wherein a gap is defined between the loading mechanism and the discharge valve.
10 73. The loading mechanism of claim 72, wherein a biasing means biases the loading mechanism to the forward position.
74. The loading mechanism of claim 72 or claim 73, wherein a shoulder limits the axial displacement of the loading mechanism on the first and 15 second pins respectively.
75. The loading mechanism of any one of claims 57 to 74, wherein the opening into the cavity has a cross-sectional dimension similar to a diameter of the projectile.
76. The loading mechanism of any one of claims 57 to 74, wherein the length of the first and second bodies exceed a length of the projectile.

77. The loading mechanism of any one of claims 63 to 76, wherein the first and second bodies, actuating formation and slide formation is manufactured from a polymeric material and is formed by way of injection moulding.
78. The loading mechanism of any one of claims 63 to 76, wherein the first and second bodies, actuating formation and slide formation is of a metallic material and have relatively smooth outer surfaces.
79. The loading mechanism of claim 78, wherein the outer surfaces of the actuating formation and slide formation is polished.
80. The loading mechanism of any one of claims 57 to 79, wherein the device is a less lethal device.
81. A barrel displacement mechanism for displacing a barrel of a less-lethal device having a body, between a forward and rearward axial position, the barrel displacement mechanism comprising an actuation member on a slide of the body, arranged for interacting with an actuation mechanism provided between the slide and the barrel, so that, when the slide is moved to a rearwards axial position, the actuation member interacts with the actuation mechanism, so that the barrel moves to the forward axial position, and so that, when the slide is moved to a forwards axial position, the actuation member interacts with the actuation mechanism, so that the barrel moves to the rearward axial position.
82. The barrel displacement mechanism of claim 81, wherein the actuation member comprises an interacting surface and takes the form of a pin.
83. The barrel displacement mechanism of claim 81, wherein the actuation mechanism comprises:
- an actuation body, pivotably fixed relative to a body of the device and comprising first and second actuation surfaces; and - a link body pivotably fixed between the actuation body and the barrel.
84. The barrel displacement mechanism of claim 83, wherein the actuation member interacts with the first actuation surface of the actuation body when the slide moves towards the rearward axial position, thereby to cause the actuation body to pivot relative to body of the device, to cause the barrel to be displaced to the forward position, and such that the actuation member interacts with the second actuation surface of the actuation body when the slide moves towards the forward axial position, thereby to cause the actuation body to pivot relative to body of the device, to cause the barrel to be displaced to the rearward position.