CA3093164A1 - Gripping tool for removing a section of casing from a well - Google Patents

Abstract

A system including a gripping tool and a rotary cutting tool may be used to grip a section of casing while cutting through a lower portion of the casing in a single trip. The gripping tool includes a mandrel with a flow bore extending therethrough, a slip actuator received on the mandrel, at least one slip corresponding to the slip actuator, a housing disposed around at least a proximal end of the mandrel, and a collet assembly disposed proximate the at least one slip. The rotary cutting tool is coupled to the mandrel. The gripping tool also includes a bearing assembly that enables the mandrel and the rotary cutting tool to rotate while the at least one slip is remains stationary engaging an interior wall of a casing. The system may include a hydraulic power section to help with setting the slips and removing the cut casing from the wellbore.

Description

GRIPPING TOOL FOR REMOVING A SECTION OF CASING FROM A WELL
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to the recovery of a section of casing pipe from a well that has been cased with the casing pipe. The present invention relates to a method and a tool for the use in the recovery of a section of casing to prepare the well for plugging and abandoning the well or for recovering a slot in a template on a seafloor used for drilling multiple wells for recovering hydrocarbons.
BACKGROUND
Earthen wells are drilled into the earth's crust to provide access to geologic formations bearing hydrocarbons. Tubulars can be run into the drilled well to provide a fluid conduit for the recovery to the earth's surface of minerals such as, for example, oil or gas, from subsurface geologic formations. Earthen wells may also be drilled to provide a fluid conduit for disposal of waste fluids or for the maintenance of pressure in a mineral bearing reservoir by injection of fluids through the well and into the reservoir.
After a well is drilled, it is generally cased with a string of casing, which are tubular joints joined at the ends to provide a casing string. The casing string is generally cemented in place within the drilled well. After the well has served its intended purpose, it is usually plugged and abandoned. Plugging and abandonment involves the removal from the well of at least a section of the casing string, followed by the plugging of the well using a cement plug. This type of plugging and abandonment prevents unwanted cross-flow between geologic formations and zones that are penetrated by the well.
In some offshore fields, subsea templates are constructed on the seafloor to provide a plurality of slots from which wells can be drilled to access a subsurface geologic formation bearing hydrocarbons. A slot in the template may become inactive if the well has structural problems or if the geologic formation in which the well is perforated becomes watered out or otherwise unproductive. It is advantageous to recover the slot for use in drilling a new well to a different geologic formation or to a different portion of the same geologic formation.
An effective placement of a cement plug to abandon a well in a manner that prevents unwanted cross-flow of penetrated geologic formations requires the removal of a section of casing from the well. A volume of a cement slurry can then be pumped into the portion of the well from which the casing is removed and pressurized to promote cement bonding as the cement slurry sets. Some conventional methods and tools use a marine swivel having a large mass for being supported on a wellhead or on a slot of a seafloor template.
The marine swivel includes a mandrel extending into the well from the marine swivel that rotates a cutting tool to cut the casing. The mandrel is rotated by rotation of a tubular string extended through a riser from a platform or rig. Once the cutting tool successfully cuts the casing at a targeted location, .. the marine swivel is removed and the cutting tool is retrieved. A gripping tool coupled to a tubular string is then run into the well and deployed to grip a section of the casing above the location of the cut. Withdrawal of the tubular string retrieves the gripping tool and the gripped section of casing from the well.
A shortcoming of the conventional methods and tools used for removing a section of .. casing from a well for plug and abandonment or slot recovery arises from the need to withdraw the cutting tool from the well so that a casing gripping tool can be run into the well to grip and retrieve the section of casing. This process, which includes at least two trips with two different tools on the tubular string, requires a large amount of rig time.
Another shortcoming of conventional methods and apparatus used for removing a section .. of casing from a well arises from the inability to easily and conveniently reset the location of the cutting tool. The marine swivel is supported on the wellhead or seafloor template, and the distance between the marine swivel and the cutting tool supported from the marine swivel is not variable or adjustable. In the event that the cutting tool gets hung up or jammed, or if the first attempt to cut the casing is unsuccessful, the position of the cutting tool in the well casing cannot .. be adjusted.
Some conventional casing gripping tools can be positioned within the targeted section of casing to be removed from the wellbore and then deployed to grip the casing by rotation of the tubular string to which the tool is threadably connected. These tools cannot allow for rotation of a cutting element connected distally to the tool because rotation of the tubular string is used for .. deploying and retracting the gripping elements of the tool. These conventional casing gripping tools require two trips into the well, the first trip to cut the casing and the second trip to grip and remove the cut section of casing.
Embodiments of the gripping tool and method of the present disclosure overcome these and other shortcomings of existing methods and tools.

2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and its features and advantages, reference is now made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1A is an enlarged view of the proximal portion of an embodiment of the gripping tool of the present disclosure disposed within a cased well in a running configuration.
FIG. 1B is an enlarged view of the distal portion of an embodiment of the gripping tool of the present disclosure disposed within a cased well in a running configuration.
FIG. 2A is an enlarged view of the proximal portion of the gripping tool of FIGS. 1A and 1B after the gripping tool is removed from the running configuration.
FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of the distal portion of the gripping tool of FIGS. 1A and 1B
after the gripping tool is removed from the running configuration.
FIG. 3A is an enlarged view of the proximal portion of the gripping tool of FIGS. 1A and 1B in the gripping and rotating configuration for use in cutting and removing a section of the well casing.
FIG. 3B is an enlarged view of the distal portion of the gripping tool of FIGS. 1A and 1B
in the gripping and rotating configuration for use in cutting and removing a section of the well casing.
FIG. 4A is an enlarged view of the proximal portion of the gripping tool of FIGS. 1A and 1B after it is restored to the running configuration.
FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of the distal portion of the gripping tool of FIGS. 1A and 1B
after it is restored to the running configuration.
FIG. 5A is an enlarged view of the portion of FIG. 2B illustrating the seated mode of the collet and collet cage.
FIG. 5B is an enlarged view of the portion of FIG. 3B illustrating the unseated mode of the collet that allows the force applied from the mandrel to be applied to the slip actuator.
FIG. 6 is a rotary cutting tool of the type that can be used in conjunction with embodiments of the casing gripping tool of the present disclosure.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of an alternate slotted slip actuator and the back-up sleeve that .. can be included in an embodiment of the casing gripping tool of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of the gripping tool of the present disclosure that may be used with a hydraulic power section.
FIGS. 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 9E, 9F are cross sectional views of the gripping tool of FIG. 8

3 being used with a hydraulic power section and a rotary cutting tool of the present disclosure.

4 DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail herein. In the interest of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation are described in this specification.
It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation specific decisions must be made to achieve developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system related and business related constraints, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure. Furthermore, in no way should the following examples be read to limit, or define, the scope of the disclosure.
An embodiment of the casing gripping tool of the present disclosure provides for rotation of a cutting tool coupled to a distal end of a mandrel of the gripping tool with the gripping tool deployed in a gripping mode to engage and grip an interior wall of a segment of casing targeted for removal from a well. The targeted segment of casing may be a segment of a casing liner that is hung in the wellbore from the top of the casing liner using a liner hanger.
An embodiment of the gripping tool of the present disclosure is adapted to be deployed to grip the section of casing targeted for removal from the wellbore and to simultaneously transmit torque through the mandrel of the gripping tool while the gripping tool remains in the gripping mode to operate a cutting tool coupled to a distal end of the mandrel.
An embodiment of the gripping tool of the present disclosure provides for rotation of the mandrel and the cutting tool coupled to the mandrel with the tubular string used to run, position and operate the gripping tool and the cutting tool pulled into tension.
Operation of the cutting tool with the gripping tool in the gripping mode within the section of casing targeted for removal from the wellbore detaches the targeted section of casing after which the gripping tool, remaining in the gripping mode, the detached section of casing and the cutting tool are together withdrawn from the wellbore.
Embodiments of the gripping tool of the present disclosure include a mandrel having a proximal connector, a distal connector, a flow bore therethrough, and a slide member reciprocatably received on a portion of the mandrel intermediate the proximal and distal connectors and one or more slips radially outwardly movable through one or more windows in a slip cage portion of the slide member between a retracted position and a gripping position. The gripping tool may be coupled to a tubular string that is stepwise extended into the wellbore from a rig by stepwise addition of joints or stands of the tubular string until the gripping tool reaches a

5 targeted location within a section of casing to be removed from the wellbore.
The mandrel of the gripping tool is then rotated to threadably release the gripping tool from a running configuration, and the mandrel is then moved in a proximal direction within the slide member to actuate the gripping tool to grip the interior wall of the section of casing to be removed from the wellbore.
The gripping tool enables rotation of the tubular string to rotate the mandrel within the slide member and to detach the section of a targeted interval of casing using a cutting tool that is coupled to the distal connector of the mandrel while the gripping tool remains in gripping engagement with the section of casing to be removed from the wellbore. A
bearing is disposed on the slide member to be engaged by the distal stop of the mandrel with the gripping tool in the gripping mode, and the bearing reduces friction between the mandrel and the slide member during rotation of the mandrel and the cutting tool coupled thereto.
Optionally, an embodiment of the gripping tool may be used in conjunction with a rotating casing pulling tool that can be made up into the tubular string above the casing gripping tool and run into a wellbore on a tubular string with a casing cutting tool coupled to the distal connector of the casing gripping tool. It will be understood that a rotating casing pulling tool could be used where the detached section of casing produced by operation of the cutting tool presents such resistance to removal from its position within the wellbore that the casing pulling tool is needed to hydraulically jack the detached section of casing free from the cement jacket that surrounds the casing. The use of a rotating casing pulling tool prevents unwanted overloading and possible damage to components of the tubular string or the rig that might otherwise be sustained during pulling a detached section of casing free from the cement jacket that surrounds it using the tubular string that positions the casing gripping tool in the wellbore.
FIGS. 1A and 1B are together an elevation view of an embodiment of the gripping tool of the present disclosure disposed within a cased well in a running configuration. FIG. 1A is an enlarged view of the proximal portion 10A of the embodiment of the gripping tool 10, and FIG.
1B is an enlarged view of the distal portion 10B of the embodiment of the gripping tool 10.
FIG. 1A illustrates a mandrel 50 including a proximal end 51 connected to a proximal connector 12 having a threaded section 13 for being threadably coupled with a corresponding threaded section at a distal end of an elongate tubular string (not shown) that can be used to position the gripping tool 10 in a well casing 99. FIG. 1A further illustrates the mandrel 50 having an externally threaded portion 54, a reduced diameter sleeve portion 58, and a distal end 59 (shown on FIG. 1B) threadably coupled to a distal connector 82. The distal connector 82 includes a threaded portion 85 for coupling the distal end 59 of the mandrel 50 of the gripping

6

7 PCT/US2019/015961 tool 10 to one or more other tools including, but not limited to, a rotary casing cutter (not shown) that can be rotated to cut and detach a section of casing 99 at a targeted position by rotation of the mandrel 50.
Returning to FIG. 1A, the gripping tool 10 of FIG. 1A further includes a slide member 20.
The mandrel 50 is rotatably received within the slide member 20 and axially reciprocatable within a restricted range of movement relative to the slide member 20 as will be illustrated further in FIGS. 2A-3B, as discussed in more detail below. The slide member 20 includes one or more friction member recesses 22, a slip cage 78 having a plurality of windows therein and a corresponding plurality of slips 77 coupled to the slide member 20 and movable within the plurality of windows of the slip cage 78 between a radially inwardly retracted configuration illustrated in FIG. 1A and a radially outwardly deployed configuration illustrated in FIG. 3A.
The gripping tool 10 of FIG. 1A further includes a slotted slip actuator 40 axially movable between a retracted configuration illustrated in FIG. 1A and a deployed configuration illustrated in FIG. 3A. The slotted slip actuator 40 includes a collapsible interior bore 41 having a plurality of radially outwardly sloped lobes 42 extending radially outwardly therefrom to engage and slidably cooperate with correspondingly sloped lobes 79 of the plurality of slips 77. The collapsible interior bore 41 of the slotted slip actuator 40 will partially collapse at the slots and thereby fail to displace the plurality of slips 77 from the retracted position illustrated in FIG. 1A
to the deployed configuration illustrated in FIG. 3A unless and until a reinforcing back-up sleeve 60 is disposed within the collapsible interior bore 41 of the slotted slip actuator 40 to provide rigidity and sturdiness to the slip actuator 40. Once the back-up sleeve 60 is moved into position within the flexible interior bore 41 of the slotted slip actuator 40, further axial movement of the now-reinforced slip actuator 40, from the position illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B in the direction of arrow 46 to the position of the slip actuator 40 illustrated in FIG. 3A, results in the slips 77 being radially outwardly displaced by the slip actuator 40 to the deployed and gripping position engaged with the well casing 99.
FIG. 1A also illustrates one or more friction members 30 received within the one or more friction member recesses 22 of the slide member 20. Each friction member 30 is biased towards a radially outwardly disposed position, as illustrated in FIG. 1A, by one or more friction member springs 32 intermediate the friction member 30 and the slide member 20. The friction member 30 and friction member springs 32 provide for continuous frictional engagement between the friction members 30 of the slide member 20 of the gripping tool 10 and the interior wall 98 of the casing 99 in which the gripping tool 10 is disposed. More specifically, the friction member 30 and friction member springs 32 provide for frictional resistance to rotation of the slide member 20 of the gripping tool 10 within the casing 99 and also resistance to axial movement of the slide member 20 of the gripping tool 10 within the casing 99. The benefit and function of the friction member 30 and friction member springs 32 are discussed in more detail below.
The slide member 20 of FIG. 1A further illustrates a flex nut 74 and a flex nut retainer 70 provided for securing the flex nut 74 in position on the slide member 20 of the gripping tool 10.
As will be understood by those skilled in the art, a flex nut 74 is a segmented ring with each member of the ring having a radially inwardly disposed face with threads thereon that align with and correspond to the threads on the other segments of the flex ring 74. A
typical flex nut 74 generally has three members, and the members of the flex nut 74 are generally about 120 degrees (0.66n radians) each and together form a full ring having a threaded receptacle. The members are held together in a closed configuration using an elastic member such as, for example, a spring element. The flex nut 74 is secured in position about the mandrel 50 and relative to the slide member 20 by the flex nut retainer 70. The flex nut 74 illustrated in FIG. 4 is secured in position within the slide member 20 to dispose the receptable therein to threadably engage the exterior threads 54 on the mandrel 50 to secure the mandrel 50 in the position illustrated in FIG. 4A
relative to the slide mandrel 20. The threads within the receptacle of the flex nut 74 remain threadably engaged with the external threads 54 on the mandrel 50 to secure the gripping tool 10 in the running configuration shown in FIGS. IA and 1B. The mandrel 50 may be rotated in a .. clockwise direction a sufficient number of rotations to threadably disengage the exterior threaded portion 54 of the mandrel 50 from the threads within the receptacle of the flex nut 74, thereby allowing the mandrel 50 to be moved axially and in the direction of arrow 46 within the slide member 20.
The flex nut 74 can function as a ratcheting component during restoration of the mandrel 50 from the disengaged configuration illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B to the running configuration of FIGS. 1A and 1B and also in 4A and 4B. More specifically, the flex nut 74 can be circumferentially and elastically expanded to allow the mandrel 50 to be restored from the rotating and gripping configuration of FIGS. 3A and 3B to the running configuration of FIGS.
lA and 1B and also 4A and 4B by moving the tubular string, to which the proximal connector 12 on the mandrel 50 is coupled, along with the mandrel 50, in the distal direction relative to the slide member 20. A spring element expandably secures threaded members of the flex ring 74 one to the others and restores the flex nut 74 to its original configuration to again engage the threaded portion 54 of the mandrel 50 and to resist movement of the mandrel 50 within the slide member

8 20. It should be noted that the flex nut compartment 57 of the slide member 20 in which the flex nut 74 resides is inwardly tapered in the proximal direction to dispose the members of the flex nut 74 radially inwardly when the mandrel 50 is pulled in a proximal direction relative to the slide member 20, the shape of the flex nut compartment 57 secures the flex nut 74 in the unexpanded configuration to maintain threadable engagement between the externally threaded portion 54 of the mandrel 50 and receptacle of the flex nut 74. However, once the mandrel 50 has been rotated in a clockwise direction to theadably disengage the externally threaded portion 54 of the mandrel 50 from the flex nut 74 secured within the flex nut compartment 57 of the slide member 20 and the mandrel 50 has been moved in a proximal direction relative to the slide member 20 to the position shown in FIG. 3A, the mandrel 50 can be restored to the running configuration without rotation by moving the mandrel 50 in the distal direction relative to the slide member 20. The receptacle of the flex nut 74 will elastically expand as the members of the flex nut 74 are pushed downwardly into the flex nut compartment 57 by the externally threaded portion 54 of the mandrel 50, and the threaded portion 54 of the mandrel 50 can then be disposed within the receptacle of the flex nut 74 and the flex nut 74 will elastically converge and threadably engage the threaded portion 54 of the mandrel 50 to restore the gripping tool 10 to the running configuration shown in FIGS. lA and 1B and also in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
FIG. 1B illustrates a distal connector 82 coupled to the distal end 59 of the mandrel 50 of the gripping tool 10, the distal connector 82 having a threaded portion 85 for use in connecting one or more rotary cutting tools (not shown in FIG. 1B) to the mandrel 50 for rotation with the mandrel 50. For example, but not by way of limitation, a casing cutting tool (not shown) can be secured to the mandrel 50 at the threaded portion 85 of the distal connector 82 and, with the gripping tool 10 removed from the running configuration, rotated to cut the casing 99 while the gripping tool 10 grips the casing 99 in the configuration illustrated in FIGS.
3A and 3B in which .. the plurality of slips 77 are deployed.
FIG. 1B further illustrates a distal stop 86 on the distal connector 82. The distal stop 86 is, in the running configuration of the gripping tool 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1A
and 1B, spaced apart from a bearing housing 27 of the gripping tool 10 at a distance of 86A. The spacing 86A is discussed in further detail in connection with FIGS. 2A and 2B below. FIG. 1A
further illustrates a collet 70 and collet cage 72 that can be included in the gripping tool 10 to provide for a minimal threshold amount of force that must be applied by the distal stop 86 against the bearing housing 27 to move the reinforced slip actuator 40 and to radially outwardly deploy the plurality of slips 77 into gripping engagement with the bore 98 of the casing 99 as illustrated in the

9 configuration of the gripping tool 10 in FIGS. 3A and 3B.
FIGS. 1A and 1B further illustrate a proximal end 61 of a back-up sleeve 60 (back-up sleeve 60 is shown on both of FIGS. 1A and 1B) received on a reduced diameter portion 58 of the mandrel 50 adjacent to a pusher sleeve 160 (shown on FIG. 1B). The pusher sleeve 160 extends between the distal stop 86 of the distal connector 82 to the back-up sleeve 60. Movement of the mandrel 50 relative to the slide member 20 from the position illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B to the position illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B disposes the back-up sleeve 60 into the bore 41 of the slotted slip actuator 40 to reinforce the slip actuator 40 and to thereby enable deployment of the plurality of slips 77. Deployment of the slips 77 is achieved by further movement of the .. mandrel 50 and the reinforced slip actuator 40 from the position illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B
in a proximal direction relative to the slide member 40 to the position illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B to displace the plurality of slips 77 to the deployed position.
FIGS. 2A and 2B are together an elevation view of the embodiment of the gripping tool of FIGS. 1A and 1B after the mandrel 50 of the gripping tool 10 is rotated in a clockwise direction to threadably disengage the externally threaded portion 54 of the mandrel 50 from the flex nut 74 within the slide member 20 and the gripping tool 10 is thereby removed from the running configuration illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B.
FIG. 2A is an enlarged view of the proximal portion 10A of the embodiment of the gripping tool 10 and illustrates the externally threaded portion 54 of the mandrel 50 displaced from the slide member 20 by the same distance 86A that corresponds to the distance 86A that initially separated the distal stop 86 on the distal connector 82 from the bearing housing 27 in FIGS. 1A and 1B of the gripping tool 10. As can be seen in FIG. 2B, the enlarged view of the distal portion 10B of the embodiment of the gripping tool 10, the distal stop 86 on the distal connector 82 is now engaged with the bearing housing 27. The mandrel 50 is moved to the position illustrated in FIG. 2A by first rotating the tubular string (not shown) and the mandrel 50 to which the tubular string is connected at the proximal connector 12 in a clockwise direction to threadably disengage the externally threaded portion 54 of the mandrel 50 from the flex nut 74 secured to the slide member 20, and then by raising the tubular string (not shown) along with the proximal connector 12 and the mandrel 50 to move the distal stop 86 of the distal connector 82 (shown on FIG. 2B) into engagement with the bearing housing 27 and, by the same movement of the mandrel 50, to push the distal stop 86 against the pusher sleeve 160 to push the back-up sleeve 60 into the collapsible interior bore 41 of the slotted slip actuator 40. Once the back-up sleeve 60 is displaced into the collapsible interior bore 41 of the slotted slip actuator 40, further movement of the mandrel 50 from the position illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B
and in the direction of arrow 46 will displace the back-up sleeve 60, the collapsible interior bore 41 of the slotted slip actuator 40 and the slip actuator 40 in a proximal direction to overcome the retaining force of the collet 70 within the collet cage 72 and to thereby deploy the plurality of slips 77 from the retracted position illustrated in FIG. 2A to the deployed position illustrated in FIG. 3A, FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of the distal portion 10B of the embodiment of the gripping tool 10. Comparing the enabled position of the gripping tool 10 shown in FIG.
2B to the running position illustrated in FIG. 1B, it can be seen that the distal stop 86 on the distal connector 82 has moved in a proximal direction to engage the bearing housing 27 of the slide member 20. The collet 70 and collet cage 72 of the slide member 20 remain in the running position illustrated in FIG. 1B until acted upon by the distal stop 86 of the distal connector 82.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are together an elevation view of the embodiment of the gripping tool 10 of FIGS. 2A and 2B after it has been moved to the gripping and rotating configuration for use in cutting and removing a detached section of the well casing 99.
FIG. 3A is an enlarged view of the proximal portion 10A of the embodiment of the gripping tool 10. FIG. 3A illustrates that the mandrel 50 has been moved further in the proximal direction relative to the slide member 20 from the enabled position of FIGS.
2A and 2B to the gripping position of FIGS. 3A and 3B. The proximal connector 12 is illustrated in FIG. 3A as being displaced further in the proximal direction from the slide member 20 from the enabled position, illustrated in FIG. 2A, and the reinforced slip actuator 40 with the back-up sleeve 60 received therein is illustrated as having been displaced axially in the proximal direction to radially outwardly deploy the plurality of slips 77 to engage and grip the interior wall 98 of the casing 99. In the position of the proximal portion 10A of the gripping tool 10 illustrated in FIG.
3A, pulling tension in the tubular string (not shown) to pull the mandrel 50 in the proximal direction sets the slips 77 further into forcible engagement with the casing 99 while continuing to enable rotation of the mandrel 50 within the slide member 20 to rotate a cutting tool (not shown) connected to the distal connector 82 of the mandrel 50 (see FIG. 3B) to cut and detach the section of casing 99 targeted for removal from the wellbore.
FIG. 3B is an enlarged view of the distal portion 10B of the embodiment of the gripping tool 10 of FIG. 3 and illustrates that the collet 70 has been unseated from the seated position within the collet cage 72, which is illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 2A, to the unseated position illustrated in FIG. 3B. Unseating of the collet 70 from the collet cage 72 engages and axially displaces the reinforced slip actuator 40 to radially outwardly deploy the plurality of slips 77 to engage and grip the casing 99. As shown in FIGS. 2B and 3B, the amount of axial displacement of the mandrel 50 from the enabled position of FIG. 2B to the gripping and rotating position of FIG. 3B is small compared to the much larger axial displacement of the mandrel 50 (by the distance 46A shown in FIG. 1B) required to insert the back-up sleeve 60 into the bore 41 of the slip actuator 40. The configuration of the gripping tool 10 illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B allow the tubular string (not shown) connecting the rig to the proximal connector 12 on the mandrel 50 to be pulled into tension and rotated to operate the rotary cutter (not shown) connected to the distal connector 82 of the mandrel 50.
After the section of casing 99 targeted for removal from the borehole is detached by operation of the cutting tool (not shown) connected to the distal connector 82 of the mandrel 50, the pulling tension maintained on the tubular string (not shown) connected to the mandrel 50 may, as a result of pulling the tubular string into tension, dislodge the detached section of casing 99 from its position within the wellbore. If the detached section of casing 99 is not dislodged, increasing the pulling tension in the tubular string further deploys the slips 77 into gripping engagement with the casing 99 in a self-tightening grip until the detached section of casing 99 is dislodged and can be pulled from the well.
It will be understood that during downhole operations, tools may become jammed or hung-up due to well obstructions or other unforeseen problems. It is advantageous if a casing gripping tool can be released and reset for a second attempt at setting the tool and cutting the section of casing. Embodiments of the gripping tool 10 of the present disclosure can be reset from the gripping position illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B to the running position of FIGS. 1A and 1B
(and also of FIGS. 4A and 4B) in the event of difficulty by moving the draw works on the rig (not shown), the tubular string connected thereto and the mandrel 50 downwardly and in the direction of arrow 47 in FIG. 3A to displace the back-up sleeve 60 from the bore 41 of the slotted slip actuator 40 and to restore the proximal connector 12 on the mandrel 50 to a position abutting the slide member 20 as illustrated in FIG. 4A. Displacing the back-up sleeve 60 from the bore 41 of the slip actuator 40 allows the slip springs 75 to restore the slips 77 to the retracted position. It will be understood from the discussion of the flex nut 74 above that simply moving the mandrel 50 in the direction of arrow 47 relative to the slide member 20 will restore the gripping tool 10 to the running configuration. Once the tool is restored to the running configuration, the gripping tool 10 can be repositioned within the wellbore and redeployed.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are together an elevation view of the embodiment of the gripping tool 10 of FIGS. 1A and 1B through 3A and 3B after it is restored to the running configuration by downward movement of the tubular string (not shown) to reposition the mandrel 50 to the running position within the slide member 20.
FIG. 4A is an enlarged view of the proximal portion 10A of the embodiment of the gripping tool 10. The slips 77 are restored to the retracted position by a slip spring 75 disposed intermediate the slide member 20 and each slip 77. The mandrel 50 and the back-up sleeve 60 thereon are restored to the running configuration and the flexible slip actuator 40, no longer reinforced by the back-up sleeve 60 received in its bore (as shown in FIGS. 2A
and 2B and also in FIGS. 3A and 3B), is restored to the running configuration with its bore aligned with the back-up sleeve 60 received on the mandrel 50. The restored running position illustrated in FIG. 4A
corresponds to the original running position illustrated in FIG. 1A.
FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of the distal portion 10B of the embodiment of the gripping tool 10 of FIG. 4 illustrating the restored running configuration of the gripping tool 10 of the present disclosure. The distal stop 86 is again separated from the bearing housing 27 of the slide member 50 by the distance 86A and the collet 70 has been moved by force applied by the slip actuator 40 in the distal direction relative to the slide member 20 to the seated position within the collet cage 72. The restored running position illustrated in FIG. 4B
corresponds to the original running position illustrated in FIG. 1B.
FIG. 5A is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3B better illustrating the collet 70 in the seated position within the collet cage 72. The collet 70 and the collet cage 72 together operate as a mechanical fuse element by preventing displacement of the slotted slip actuator 40 until it is reinforced by insertion of the back-up sleeve 60 into the bore 41 of the slip actuator 40. Once the initial portion of the stroke of the mandrel 50 within the slide member 20 installs the back-up sleeve 60 into the bore 41 of the slip actuator 40 and moves the distal stop 86 on the distal connector 82 into engagement with the bearing housing 27, further movement of the mandrel 50 in a proximal direction within the slide member 20 brings the distal stop 82 to apply pressure on the bearing housing 27 which, in turn, transfers the force applied to the bearing housing 27 to the collet 70. The collet 70 is retained in place within the collet cage 72 by a radially outwardly disposed protrusion 71 disposed in a corresponding radially inwardly disposed notch 73 in the collet cage 72. At the moment that the pressure applied by the distal stop 82 to the bearing housing 27 and the collet 70 exceeds the retaining capacity of the collet 70, the protrusion 71 of the collet 70 will unseat from the notch 73 in the collet cage 72 as illustrated in FIG. 5B and the unseated collet 70 will transfer force from the distal stop 86 through the bearing housing 27 and the unseated collet 70 to the reinforced slip actuator 40 (see FIGS. 3A and 4A) to axially displace the reinforced slip actuator 40 and to radially outwardly displace the slips 77 to grip the casing 99.
FIG. 6 is a rotary cutting tool 63 of the type that can be used in conjunction with embodiments of the casing gripping tool 10 of the present disclosure. The rotary cutting tool 63 includes a threaded proximal end 64 for threadably engaging the threaded portion 85 on the distal connector 82 of the casing gripping tool 10 shown in FIG. 1B. The rotary cutting tool 63 further comprises a plurality of pivotally deployable cutting elements 65, each of which is deployable by a fluid pressure actuator 67 that is operated by fluid pressure in the bore 66 of the rotary cutting tool 63.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of an alternate slotted slip actuator 40 and the back-up sleeve 60 that can be included in an embodiment of the casing gripping tool 10 of the present disclosure.
The alternate slotted slip actuator 40 of FIG. 7 has a frusto-conical bore having a taper along its axial length, and the back-up sleeve 60 has a correspondingly frusto-conical or tapered exterior for being received and engaged with the frusto-conical interior bore 41 of the slotted slip actuator 40. The advantage of the frusto-conical bore of the alternate slotted slip actuator 40 and the correspondingly frusto-conical exterior of the back-up sleeve 60 is that the back-up sleeve 60, which is pushed into the position shown in FIG. 7 by the pusher sleeve 160 prior to deployment of the slips 77, can later be more easily displaced downwardly from the tapered interior bore 41 of the slotted slip actuator 40 upon retraction of the slips 77 and restoration of the casing gripping tool 10 from the gripping and rotating configuration illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B to the running configuration illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of another embodiment of a casing gripping tool 10 in accordance with the present disclosure. The casing gripping tool 10 of FIG. 8 may include similar components as the casing gripping tool 10 described above with reference to FIGS. 1-7.
However, the components of the casing gripping tool 10 of FIG. 8 may be arranged differently to facilitate function of the casing gripping tool 10 with a hydraulic power section, as shown in FIGS. 9A-9F. The gripping tool 10 may include a mandrel 200 having a proximal end 202 that can be connected to a corresponding hydraulic power section. The hydraulic power section may be coupled to a distal end of elongate tubing string that can be used to position the gripping tool

10 in a well casing. The hydraulic power section will be described in further detail below.
The mandrel 200 may further include a distal end 204 that can be threadably coupled to a distal connector 206 (shown in FIG. 9F). The distal connector 206 includes a threaded portion 208 for coupling the distal end 204 of the mandrel 200 of the gripping tool 10 to one or more other tools including, but not limited to, a rotary casing cutter that can be rotated to cut and detach a section of casing 99 at a targeted position by rotation of the mandrel 200.
Returning to FIG. 8, the gripping tool 10 of FIG. 8 further includes a housing 210, and the proximal end 202 of the mandrel 200 is dispose within the housing 210. As discussed in further detail below, the housing 210 forms part of the hydraulic power section that can be used to stroke the mandrel 200 in an uphole direction as needed. The mandrel 200 is rotatable with the housing 210. The gripping tool 10 may include a torque transfer component 212 and a series of keys 214 coupled between the housing 210 and the mandrel 200 to transfer torque to the mandrel 200 in response to rotation of the housing 210. The keys 214 may slidably engage grooves 215 in the mandrel 200 to rotatably secure the mandrel 200 to the housing 210 while allowing axial movement of the mandrel 200 relative to the keys 214 and the housing 210.
The gripping tool 10 includes a slip cage 216 having a plurality of windows therein and a corresponding plurality of slips 218 movable within the plurality of windows of the slip cage 216 between a radially inwardly retracted configuration and a radially outwardly deployed configuration. The gripping tool 10 also includes a stationary member 220 disposed around a portion of the mandrel 200. The stationary member 220 includes a slotted slip actuator 222 having a plurality of radially outwardly sloped lobes 224 extending radially outwardly therefrom to engage and slidably cooperate with correspondingly sloped lobes 226 of the plurality of slips 218 of the gripping tool 10. Movement of the slips 218 in an uphole direction of arrow 227 (e.g., in response to lifting the mandrel 200) results in the slips 218 being radially outwardly displaced by the slip actuator 222 to the deployed and gripping position engaged with the well casing.
Between the proximal end 202 of the mandrel 200 and the slip assembly described above, the gripping tool 10 of FIG. 8 includes a bearing assembly 228. The bearing assembly enables the mandrel 200 to rotate along with the rotating housing 210 of the gripping tool 10 while preventing the slip assembly from rotating. That way, the gripping tool 10 is able to transfer rotation downhole through the mandrel 200 to a coupled tool (e.g., cutting tool) disposed at the distal end of the mandrel 200 while the plurality of slips 218 are securely engaging the internal wall of the casing. The bearing assembly may include a plurality of bearings 230 disposed in a bearing housing 232 located directly between a torque transfer component 212 of the gripping tool 10 and a stationary component 234 of the gripping tool 10. As illustrated, the components (e.g., 200, 212, 236) that rotate with the housing 210 do not directly engage with the stationary components (230, 234) of the gripping tool located below the bearing housing 232. The bearing assembly 228 allows these stationary components (230, 234) to remain in a consistent axial position with respect to the housing 210 while still allowing the housing 210 to rotate relative to these components so as to rotate the mandrel 200 and connected cutting tool.
Proximate the distal end 204 of the mandrel 200, the gripping tool 10 of FIG.
8 includes a collet assembly 238 including a collet cage 240 and a collet 242. The gripping tool 10 may also include a retainer 244 located axially between the collet assembly 238 and the slips 218. The function of the collet assembly 238, as well as other features of the disclosed gripping tool 10 of FIG. 8, will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 9A-9F.
FIGS. 9A-9F illustrate an embodiment of a casing pulling tool 300 disposed within a casing 99, in accordance with the present disclosure. The casing pulling tool 300 includes the .. gripping tool 10 of FIG. 8, a hydraulic power section 302 coupled to the proximal end 202 of the gripping tool mandrel, and the distal connector 206 coupled to the distal end 204 of the gripping tool mandrel. As mentioned above, this distal connector 206 may facilitate coupling of the distal end 204 of the mandrel 200 to a downhole tool (such as the rotary cutting tool 63 of FIG. 6).
FIGS. 9A-9D taken together illustrate an embodiment of the hydraulic power section 302, FIG.
9E illustrates the gripping tool 10, and FIG. 9F illustrates the distal end 204 of the mandrel 200 coupled to the distal connector 206.
FIGS. 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D illustrate the housing 210 disposed around the hydraulic components of the power section 302, this housing 210 also forming the housing of the gripping tool 10. A proximal end of the housing 210 may be secured to a distal end of a tubular string (not shown) extended stepwise from a rig (not shown) into the casing 99 of a well. The proximal end of the tubular string may be coupled to a draw works on the rig to enable positioning of the gripping tool 10 (and any rotary tool coupled thereto) in the casing 99.
FIG. 9A illustrates the position of a proximal end 304 of a pulling mandrel 200 that is reciprocatably and slidably disposed within a bore 308 of the housing 210 of the casing pulling tool 300. This pulling mandrel 200 also forms the mandrel 200 of the gripping 10. The axial location of the mandrel 200 within the housing 210 may change as the hydraulic power section 302 is operated to stroke the mandrel 200 in the proximal direction (arrow 227). FIG. 9A further illustrates a bore 310 of the mandrel 200 and a seal 312 between an annular stop 314 extending radially inwardly from the bore 308 of the housing 210 and an exterior surface 316 of the mandrel 200. The seal 312 prevents fluid pressure introduced into the proximal end of the housing 210 from being communicated to the bore 308 of the housing 210 below the seal 312, and the seal 312 redirects fluid pressure that is introduced through the tubular string (not shown) and into the proximal end of the housing 210 into the bore 310 of the mandrel 200.

Hydraulic stroking of the mandrel 200 within the bore 308 of the housing 210 via the hydraulic power section 302 results in movement of the mandrel 200 within the bore 308 of the housing 210 in the direction of arrow 227. That is, the mandrel 200 may be hydraulically displaced within the bore 308 of the housing 210 towards the proximal end of the housing 210 by hydraulically stroking the power section 202. After displacing the mandrel 200 by a full interval during a hydraulic stroke of the power section 302, the casing pulling tool 300 may be re-cocked as needed in order to subsequently further move the mandrel 200 and connected gripping tool 10 upward to break the detached section of casing free from cement bonding. It will be understood, however, that at some point during the pulling process, the detached section of casing 99 will break free from the cement and can be retrieved to the surface by merely pulling the casing pulling tool 300 using the draw works on the rig.
Stroking of the casing pulling tool 300 from a run-in configuration or cocked configuration, shown in FIGS. 9A-9D, to the stroked configuration or un-cocked configuration is enabled by hydraulic pressurization of the tubular string (not shown) and the bore 310 of the mandrel 200. FIG. 9A illustrates a first annular piston 318A extending radially outwardly from the exterior surface 316 of the mandrel 200 to slidably and sealably engage the bore 308 of the housing 210. A seal 320 on the first annular piston 318A engages the bore 308 of the housing 210. FIG. 9A further illustrates the first annular stop 314A extending radially inwardly from the bore 308 of the housing 210 to sealably and slidably engage the exterior surface 316 of the mandrel 200 at the seal 312. The first annular piston 318A on the mandrel 200 of FIG. 9A is illustrated when the mandrel 200 has not yet been upwardly displaced in the proximal direction (arrow 227) within the bore 308 of the housing 210. Upon stroking the power section 302, however, the first annular piston 31 8A will be upwardly displaced along with the mandrel 200 and brought proximal to the first annular stop 314A.
Fluid pressure introduced into the tubular string (not shown) and into the proximal end of the housing 210 is isolated by the seal 312 on the first annular stop 314A and thereby redirected into the bore 310 of the mandrel 200. The pressure is communicated from the bore 310 of the mandrel 200 through aperture 322 in the mandrel 200 to a first annular cylinder 324A formed radially between the exterior surface 316 of the mandrel 200 and the bore 308 of the housing 210 and formed axially between the first annular stop 314A of the housing 210 and a second annular stop 314B of the housing 210 that is below and spaced apart from the first annular stop 314A.
More specifically, it will be noted that the aperture 322 is disposed distal to the first annular piston 318A so that fluid pressure introduced into the first annular cylinder 324A bears against the first annular piston 318A to displace the first annular piston 318A in the proximal direction (of arrow 227) during a hydraulic stroke of the casing pulling tool 300.
In the illustrated embodiment (before stroking the hydraulic power section 302), the first annular piston 318A on the mandrel 200 is disposed adjacent and proximal to the second annular stop 314B of the housing 210. Fluid pressure introduced into the bore 310 of the mandrel 200 is communicated from the bore 310 through the aperture 322 to a distal portion 326 of the first annular cylinder 324A, distal to the first annular piston 318A and between the first annular piston 318A and the second annular stop 314B. The distal portion 326 of the first annular cylinder 324A appears rather small in FIG. 9A because the casing pulling tool 300 is in the run-in configuration or the cocked configuration, meaning that the tool in the configuration of FIGS.
9A-9F is cocked and ready to be hydraulically stroked. The fluid pressure introduced into the distal portion 326 of the annular cylinder 324 will displace the first annular piston 318A and the mandrel 200 in an upward or proximal direction (arrow 227). Fluid residing in the remaining or proximal portion of the first annular cylinder 324, that is, between the first annular piston 318A
and the first annular stop 314A is displaced from the casing pulling tool 300 through exhaust apertures 328 in the housing 210 as the first annular piston 318A and the mandrel 200 are moved within the housing 210. It will be understood that the distal end of the first annular piston 318A
is exposed to elevated fluid pressure provided through the bore 310 of the mandrel 200 and through the aperture 322 in the mandrel 200 during a hydraulic stroking of the tool.
The second annular stop 314B shown in FIG. 9A forms a distal end of the first annular cylinder 324A in which the annular piston 318A on the mandrel 200 is movable.
FIG. 9A
illustrates the first annular cylinder 324A axially intermediate the first annular stop 314A
extending radially inwardly from the interior surface of the housing 210 and the second annular stop 314B also extending radially inwardly from the interior surface of the housing 210. The first annular stop 314A and the second annular stop 314B are spaced apart one from the other within the housing 210 to define the first annular cylinder 324A axially therebetween, and both of the first annular stop 314A and the second annular stop 314B sealably engage the exterior surface 316 of the mandrel 200 at seals 312A and 312B, respectively. The first annular piston 318A moves within the first annular cylinder 324A and is depicted immediately adjacent to the second annular stop 314B of the housing 210, thereby indicating that the casing pulling tool 300 is in the cocked configuration in FIGS. 9A-9D. The seal 312B on the second annular stop 314B
and the seal 312A on the first annular stop 314A engage the exterior surface 316 of the mandrel 200 to isolate the first annular cylinder 324A so that fluid pressure introduced into the distal portion 326 of the first annular cylinder 324A through the aperture 322 will exert a displacing force against the first annular piston 318A to move it within the first annular cylinder 324A as fluid is displaced from the first annular cylinder 324A through exhaust apertures 328.
FIG. 9A illustrates the aperture 322 in the mandrel 200 positioned to axially coincide with the distal portion 326 of the first annular cylinder 324A intermediate the first annular piston 318A of the mandrel 200 and the second annular stop 314B of the housing 210.
Pressurization of fluid within the tubular string is communicated through the proximal end of the housing 210, into the bore 310 of the mandrel 200 and through the aperture 322 in the mandrel 200 to the portion of the first annular cylinder 324A at the distal end 326 to hydraulically urge the first annular piston 318A and the mandrel 200 to move in the proximal direction as indicated by arrow 227. It will be understood that hydraulic displacement of the first annular piston 318A in a proximal direction and away from the second annular stop 314B of the housing 210 and towards the first annular stop 314A of the housing 210 to increase the distal portion 326 will move the mandrel 200 to the "stroked" or un-cocked position.
FIG. 9B illustrates a second annular piston 318B on the mandrel 200 that is spaced apart on the mandrel 200 from the first annular piston 318A of FIG. 9A. The second annular piston 318B is movable within a second annular chamber 324B formed axially between the second annular stop 314B of the housing 210 and a third annular stop 314C and radially between the exterior surface 316 of the mandrel 200 and the interior surface of the housing 210.
The alternating arrangement of annular stops 314 and annular pistons 318 illustrated in FIGS. 9A-9D can be extended to provide an aligned series of stacked annular cylinders 324, each reciprocatably receiving annular pistons 318 to thereby multiply the amount of force that can be hydraulically applied to the mandrel 200 to displace the mandrel 200 within the bore 308 of the housing 210 during a stroke of the casing pulling tool 300. For example, in the illustrated embodiment of the casing pulling tool 300, the hydraulic power section 302 includes six annular stops 314 (314A, 314B, 314C, 314D, 314E, and 314F) alternated with five annular pistons 318 (318A, 318B, 318C, 318D, and 318E) to provide an aligned series of stacked cylinders (324A, 324B, 324C, 324D, 324E, and 324F) to multiply the hydraulic force applied to the mandrel 200.
Each group of these components functions similarly to the group of the first annular piston 318A
disposed in the first annular cylinder 324A between the first and second annular stops 314A and 314B, as described at length above. It will be understood that other numbers (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) of annular pistons 318 may be positioned within and hydraulically moved through corresponding stacked cylinders 324 to provide a desired pulling force to the mandrel 200.
FIG. 9E is a sectional view of a portion of the embodiment of the casing pulling tool 300 of FIGS. 9A-9F that is below the hydraulic power section 302 of the casing pulling tool 300 of FIGS 9A-9D. The portion of the casing pulling tool 300 illustrated in FIG. 9E
includes the gripping tool 10 of FIG. 8 having the plurality of slips 218. The slips 218 are linked to the retainer 244 that is secured to the collet cage 240 that, in turn, surrounds a collet 242. The collet 242 is releasably coupled to the mandrel 200 using one or more radially outwardly disposed notches 330 on the mandrel 200 that releasably receive one or more radially inwardly protruding ridges 332 on the collet 242. The collet cage 240 includes an interior channel 334 that surrounds the collet 242 and allows a limited amount of movement of the collet 242 within the collet cage 240.
FIG. 9E illustrates how the gripping tool 10 of the casing pulling tool 300 is securable in the well casing 99 that is to be cut and removed from the wellbore. The slips 218 of the gripping tool 10 are radially outwardly deployable to engage an interior wall 98 of the well casing 99 by initial movement of the mandrel 200 in the direction of the arrow 227 relative to the housing 210 of the of the gripping tool 10. Movement of the mandrel 200 in the direction of the arrow 227 transfers force to the collet 242 surrounded by the collet cage 240. The collet 242 transfers the force to the retainer 244 that is connected through the collet 242 to the mandrel 200. The retainer 244 transfers the force to the slips 218 and urges the slips 218 in a proximal direction (arrow 227) relative to the slip actuator 222. The slips 218 include the inwardly sloped lobes 226 that slide against and cooperate with outwardly sloped lobes 224 of the slip actuator 222. As the slips 218 are displaced upwardly in the direction of arrow 227 relative to the slip actuators 222 by the force applied to the slips 218 by the retainer 244 as the mandrel 200 is pulled upward, the slips 218 are radially outwardly deployed away from an axis 336 of the gripping tool 300 to engage and grip the interior wall 98 of the casing 99. It should be noted that the slips 218 are radially outwardly deployed by a small amount of axial movement of the slips 218 relative to the cooperating slip actuators 222 to engage and grip the casing 99. As mentioned above, the slips 218 may be disposed within a slip cage 216 or extension of the tubular housing 210 having openings or "windows" adjacent to the slips 218 to permit the slips 218 to grippingly engage the interior wall 98 of the casing 99 upon deployment to secure the gripping tool 10 in position within the casing 99. The slips 218 may be biased towards the retracted configuration by springs (not shown).
FIG. 9E illustrates the positions of the slips 218, the slip actuator 222, and the retainer 244 with the casing pulling tool 300 in the run-in configuration. It can be seen in FIG. 9E that the mandrel 200 is slidably received through the slip actuator 222. The slip actuator 222 includes a plurality of radially outwardly extending lobes 224 that axially and slidably engage and radially outwardly displace a corresponding plurality of lobes 226 of the slips 218 when the slips 218 are displaced, relative to the slip actuator 222, by the collet 242, collet cage 240 and the retainer 240 engaged thereby. Each of the slips 218 are radially captured between the slip actuator 222 and a retainer spring, and each slip 218 may be disposed adjacent a window within the housing 210 through which the slip 218 can engage the interior wall 98 of the casing 99.
The portion of the housing 210 adjacent to the windows and adjacent to the slips 218 may be referred to as the cage portion 216 of the housing 210 because the windows give that portion a cage-like appearance.
The application of force by the mandrel 200, transferred through the collet 242 and the retainer 244 to the slips 218, displaces the slips 218 axially and in the proximal direction of the arrow 227, onto the slip actuator 222, and radially outwardly against the spring to engage and grip the casing 99. Once the slips 218 engage and grip the casing 99, all further hydraulic displacement of the mandrel 200 relative to the housing 210 results in applying an increased pulling force to the gripped casing to break the cement bond between the casing 99 and the interior wellbore wall. The collet 242 and collet cage 240 cooperate with the mandrel 200 to set the slips 218 to grip the casing 99 prior to the mandrel 200 disengaging the collet 242.
FIG. 9F shows the distal connector 206 that is coupled to the distal end 204 of the mandrel 200. The distal connector 206 has a threaded portion 208 for use in connecting one or more rotary cutting tools (e.g., tool 63 of FIG. 6) to the mandrel 200 for rotation with the mandrel 200.
For example, but not be way of limitation, a casing cutting tool (not shown) can be secured to the mandrel 200 at the threaded portion 208 of the distal connector 206 and rotated to cut the casing 99 while the gripping tool 10 grips the casing 99 via the deployed plurality of slips 218. Once the casing 99 is cut and while the slips 218 are holding the cut casing, an operator may pull the casing 99 out of the wellbore. In some instances, this may simply involve lifting the entire casing pulling tool 300 out of the wellbore with the cut casing attached thereto. However, if the cement bond cannot be broken by merely pulling the system upward, for example, via draw works, the hydraulic power section 302 may be operated to apply a larger upward force on the mandrel 200 to break the cut casing free from cement on the wellbore wall.
In some embodiments of the casing pulling tool 300 of FIGS. 9A-9F, there may be a ball seat (not shown) within the bore 310 of the mandrel 200. The ball seat may be sized to receive a ball (not shown) and to thereby isolate the bore 310 of the mandrel 200. The ball and ball seat enable fluid pressure within the bore 310 to increase to a pressure sufficient to stroke the annular pistons 318 shown in FIGS. 9A-9D within the annular cylinders 324 of the hydraulic power section 302 of the casing pulling tool 300. The ball may be introduced into a tubular string at the rig, and pumped through the bore 310 of the mandrel 200 and displaced to the distal end 204 of the mandrel 200 to sealably engage the ball seat.
After the dropped ball has been sealably received onto the ball seat to isolate the bore 310 of the mandrel 200, the casing pulling tool 300 may hydraulically stroke the mandrel 200 via the hydraulic power section 302. As the pumping of fluid into the bore 310 of the mandrel 200 continues, the pressure within the bore 310 of the mandrel 200 increases and displaces the annular pistons 318 and the mandrel 200 to which these annular pistons 318 are secured in a proximal direction (in the direction of arrow 227) within the bore 308 of the housing 210. This relative movement causes the slips 218 to be displaced radially outwardly relative to the slip actuators 222 to grip the casing 99 prior to disengagement of the collet 242 from the mandrel 200 and applying additional force to pull the casing 99 from the wellbore.
FIG. 9A shows a small amount of initial separation between the first annular piston 318A
of the mandrel 200 from the second annular stop 314B of the housing 210. The small amount of separation illustrated in FIG. 9A may occur after a ball sealably engages and seats in the ball seat of the mandrel 200 and fluid within the bore 310 of the mandrel 200 is pressurized to stroke the system. The initial separation may be correlated to the setting of the slips 218 that occurs at the onset of the stroking of the hydraulic power section 302 of the casing pulling tool 300 to secure the housing 210 in place within the casing 99 via the gripping tool 10. The small amount of separation between the first annular piston 318A and the second annular stop 314B indicates the condition of the gripping tool 10 at the time the slips 218 become engaged to grip the casing 99.
Continued pressurization of the fluid in the bore 310 of the mandrel 200 after the separation indicated by FIG. 9A causes further movement of the first annular piston 318A
within the first annular cylinder 324A of the housing 210 to apply a larger pulling force, as needed, to separate the cut casing 99 from the wellbore.
Once the slips 218 engage the casing 99, the continued introduction of pressurized fluid into the bore of the mandrel causes the mandrel 200 to be displaced in a proximal direction within the bore of the housing 210 and to pull the cut casing joint 99 upward (once the casing 99 is cut via the rotary cutting tool). Additional pulling force can be applied to the mandrel 200 for pulling the cut casing from the wellbore by subsequent strokes of the hydraulic power section 302 as needed. Subsequent strokes may involve re-cocking the cylinders to reset the hydraulic power section 302, which means that the mandrel 200 and the annular pistons 318 thereon may be restored to their original "run-in" positions relative to the housing 210 and the annular chambers 324 defined by the stops 314 provided within the housing 210 for reciprocal movement of the annular pistons 318.
The disclosed casing pulling tool 300 equipped with both a gripping tool 10 integrated with a hydraulic power section 302 may provide a more efficient method for gripping, cutting, and then removing casing from a wellbore during a single downhole trip. The bearing assembly 228 on the gripping tool 10 allows the rotary cutting tool to rotate even while the plurality of slips 218 of the gripping tool 10 are engaged with the casing 99. The hydraulic power section 302 may be utilized first to apply a pulling force to the mandrel 200 for initially setting the slips 218.
Then, after the casing 99 is cut via the rotary cutting tool, the hydraulic power section 302 may stroke the mandrel 200 upward as needed to apply a force to the gripped casing 99, so as to separate the casing 99 from the cemented interior of the wellbore for single downhole trip removal of the casing section.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an"
and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and/or groups, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The terms "preferably," "preferred," "prefer," "optionally," "may," and similar terms are used to indicate that an item, condition or step being referred to is an optional (not required) feature of the disclosure.
The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or steps plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The description of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but it is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the disclosure in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the disclosure and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the disclosure for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Although the present disclosure and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the following claims.

Claims (9)

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A method of removing a section of casing from a cased well, comprising:
providing a casing pulling tool comprising:
a mandrel with a flow bore extending therethrough;
a slip actuator received on the mandrel;
at least one slip corresponding to the slip actuator;
a housing disposed around the mandrel, wherein the housing comprises a slip cage portion having at least one window through which the at least one slip can be radially outwardly deployed; and at least one piston coupled to the mandrel, wherein the piston is disposed within and axially movable with respect to the housing, wherein the piston is captured in a cylinder of the housing defined by opposing annular stops positioned at different axial locations within the housing, and wherein the piston is movable in a proximal direction along with the coupled mandrel in response to pressure being applied within the flow bore of the mandrel;
connecting a rotary cutting tool to a distal end of the mandrel;
displacing the mandrel in an axial direction relative to the housing to deploy the at least one slip to engage and grip and section of casing;
rotating the mandrel to operate the cutting tool to cut the casing as the slide member, the at least one slip, and the reinforced slip actuator remain stationary and lodged in gripping engagement with the section of casing;
cutting the casing to provide a detached section of casing gripped by the casing pulling tool;
hydraulically pressurizing the flow bore of the mandrel to move the piston and the .. attached mandrel in the proximal direction, thereby pulling upward on the slip actuator, and the at least one slip to remove the section of casing from a cement jacket that surrounds the casing;
and withdrawing the casing pulling tool, the cutting tool, and the detached section of casing from the well.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein displacing the mandrel in an axial direction relative to the housing to deploy the at least one slip comprises:
pulling upward on a collet of the casing pulling tool, the collet being located distal to the at least one slip and releasably engaged with a profile of an outer surface of the mandrel;
transferring an upward force from the collet to a collet cage surrounding the collet; and pressing upward on the at least one slip via the collet cage to deploy the slip.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising reducing friction between a rotatable component coupled to the housing and a stationary component coupled to the slip actuator during rotation of the mandrel and the cutting tool via a bearing assembly disposed between the rotatable component and the stationary component.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one piston comprises a plurality of pistons each disposed within and axially movable with respect to the housing, wherein each of the plurality of pistons is directly coupled to the mandrel and captured in a corresponding cylinder of the housing defined by a series of opposing annular stops positioned at different axial locations within the housing, and wherein hydraulically pressurizing the flow bore of the mandrel moves each of the plurality of pistons and the attached mandrel in the proximal direction, thereby pulling upward on the slip actuator, and the at least one slip to remove the section of casing from the cement jacket that surrounds the casing.

5. A system for removing a section of casing from a cased well, the system comprising:
a mandrel with a flow bore extending therethrough;
a slip actuator received on the mandrel;
at least one slip corresponding to the slip actuator;
a housing disposed around the mandrel, wherein the housing comprises a slip cage portion having at least one window through which the at least one slip can be radially outwardly deployed;
a rotary cutting tool coupled to a distal end of the mandrel; and at least one piston coupled to the mandrel, wherein the piston is disposed within and axially movable with respect to the housing, wherein the piston is captured in a cylinder of the housing defined by opposing annular stops positioned at different axial locations within the housing, and wherein the piston is movable in a proximal direction along with the coupled mandrel in response to pressure being applied within the flow bore of the mandrel;
wherein displacing the mandrel in an axial direction relative to the housing deploys the at least one slip to engage and grip the section of casing;
wherein the mandrel is rotatable to operate the cutting tool while the at least one slip and the slip actuator remain stationary and lodged in gripping engagement with the section of casing;
and wherein pressurizing the flow bore of the mandrel causes the piston and the attached mandrel to move in the proximal direction pulling upward on the slip actuator, the at least one slip, and the section of casing.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein pressurizing the flow bore of the mandrel causes the piston and the attached mandrel to move in the proximal direction pulling upward on the mandrel, the slip actuator, and the at least one slip to remove the section of casing from a cement jacket that surrounds the casing.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the at least one piston comprises a plurality of pistons each disposed within and axially movable with respect to the housing, wherein each of the plurality of pistons is directly coupled to the mandrel and captured in a corresponding cylinder of the housing defined by a series of opposing annular stops positioned at different axial locations within the housing, and wherein pressurizing the flow bore of the mandrel moves each of the plurality of pistons and the attached mandrel in the proximal direction.

8. The system of claim 5, further comprising a bearing assembly disposed about the mandrel and at a location between a rotatable component coupled to the housing and a stationary component coupled to the slip actuator.

9. The system of claim 5, further comprising a collet assembly disposed distal to the at least one slip, wherein the collet assembly comprises:
a collet releasably engaged with a profile of an outer surface of the mandrel;
and a collet cage surrounding the collet:
1 0 wherein displacement of the mandrel in an axial direction relative to the housing pulls upward on the collet and transfers an upward force from the collet through the collet cage and to the at least one slip.