CA3055575A1 - Trilobal yarns for application on dental floss, dental floss including the same and use of trilobal yarns in the manufacture of dental floss - Google Patents
Trilobal yarns for application on dental floss, dental floss including the same and use of trilobal yarns in the manufacture of dental floss Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA3055575A1 CA3055575A1 CA3055575A CA3055575A CA3055575A1 CA 3055575 A1 CA3055575 A1 CA 3055575A1 CA 3055575 A CA3055575 A CA 3055575A CA 3055575 A CA3055575 A CA 3055575A CA 3055575 A1 CA3055575 A1 CA 3055575A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- dental floss
- yarn
- section
- polypropylene
- trilobal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/04—Pigments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C15/00—Devices for cleaning between the teeth
- A61C15/04—Dental floss; Floss holders
- A61C15/041—Dental floss
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/06—Dyes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/04—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins
- D01F6/06—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins from polypropylene
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/44—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/46—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyolefins
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention refers to yarns made of hollow trilobal cross section filaments, comprising from 90 to 99% of polypropylene, and between 1 and 10% of other polyolefin resins, for the application on dental floss. This invention additionally refers to the production process of the yarns made of hollow trilobal cross section filaments. This invention additionally refers to dental floss comprising hollow trilobal cross section filaments, and the use of hollow trilobal cross section filaments for the manufacture of dental floss. The yarn described in this invention has linear density or title in the range from 400 to 1200 dtex, and it is twisted with a twist level from 10 to 160 twists per meter.
Description
TRILOBAL YARNS FOR APPLICATION ON DENTAL FLOSS, DENTAL FLOSS
INCLUDING THE SAME AND USE OF TRILOBAL YARNS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF DENTAL FLOSS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention is about a continuous filament yarn with trilobal cross section for application on dental floss, and a dental floss manufactured with this mentioned yarn.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
INCLUDING THE SAME AND USE OF TRILOBAL YARNS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF DENTAL FLOSS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention is about a continuous filament yarn with trilobal cross section for application on dental floss, and a dental floss manufactured with this mentioned yarn.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Bacterial Plaque, also known as Dental Plaque, Microbial Plaque, Oral Biofilm, Dental Biofilm or Bacterial Plaque Biofilm, is a biofilm formed by bacteria and food residue that is formed on the surface of the teeth, this plaque is the main cause for dental decay and gum disease. This plaque in the early stage is a sticky colourless deposit, but If this plaque is not removed daily, it grows and hardens forming the tartar.
Dental Floss and/or Dental Tape are important oral hygiene tools to avoid the Bacterial Plaque.
Dental Floss and/or Dental Tape are important oral hygiene tools to avoid the Bacterial Plaque.
[003] There are many types of Dental Floss known. Between them there are continuous synthetic yarns, made of monofilannents of PTFE (polytetrafluorethylene), and there are Dental Floss made of continuous synthetic yarns made of PA (polyamide) multifilaments, which is made of several filaments bunched together in one single cable, to make a single yarn. The PA dental floss can be waxed or not, with a wide variety of flavours. The PTFE monofilaments slide easier between the teeth than the multifilaments, which sometimes can shred or rip. The tapes are flatter and thinner, with the goal to reach a wider area, but it has more difficult to reach the interdental space.
[0004] Trilobal filaments and synthetic fibres are very well known for its textile application. Filaments and fibres with trilobal section are known for its increased gloss and brightness when compared to the same filaments and fibres with round cross section, and this is the main purpose to use this trilobal cross section, because the light reflection in the yarn surface is less diffuse , the light reflected is more oriented due to the trilobal yarn surface geometry. The hollow cross sections are used to reduce the textile material density, and to improve the thermal insulation property, because the internal channel inside the hollow filaments and fibres is filled with air.
[0005] In the case of the present invention, the purpose of the hollow trilobal cross section is not the same of those mentioned above. In the Dental Floss application, it is proved that the trilobal cross section is more abrasive when compared with the traditional round cross section, and this property improve the efficiency of the bacterial plaque and food residues removal from the interdental space.
[0006] The hollow trilobal cross section yarn has more volume when compared with a traditional solid round cross section yarns and even when compared with solid trilobal cross section yarn. It has been proved that this increased volume improves the bacterial plaque and food residues removal from the interdental space.
[0007] US2939201 refers to novel trilobal synthetic filaments and fibres having improved optical properties and improved resistance to soiling when incorporated in textile materials.
[0008] US4770938 refers to a trilobal, synthetic fibre, intended for use in carpets, having an axially extending hole in each lobe, the total cross-sectional area of the fibre being about 5 to 12 percent void, said fibre cross-section having a modification ratio of between about 2 to 3, and an arm angle of about 150 to 450, so that a fibre having improved bulk, soil hiding and resiliency is apparent in a carpet having face fibre of said fibre.
[0009] EP750691 refers to a melt spinning process and the nylon hollow filaments and yarns made by such process which includes extruding molten nylon polymer having a relative viscosity (RV) of at least about 50 and a melting point (TM) of about 210 DEG C.
to about 310 DEG C. from a spinneret capillary orifice with multiple orifice segments providing a total extrusion area (EA) and an extrusion void area (EVA) such that the fractional extrusion void content, defined by the ratio [EVA/EA] is about 0.6 to about 0.95, and the extent of melt attenuation, defined by the ratio [EVA/(dpf)S], is about 0.05 to about 1.5, in which (dpf)S is the spun denier per filament, the (dpf)S being selected such that the denier per filament at 25% elongation (dpf)25 is about 0.5 to about 20 denier;
withdrawing the multiple melt streams from the spinneret into a quench zone under conditions which causes substantially continuous self-coalescence of the multiple melt streams into spun filaments having at least one longitudinal void and a residual draw ratio (RDR) of less than 2.75; and stabilizing the spun hollow filaments to provide hollow filaments with a residual draw ratio (RDR) of about 1.2 to about 2.25.
to about 310 DEG C. from a spinneret capillary orifice with multiple orifice segments providing a total extrusion area (EA) and an extrusion void area (EVA) such that the fractional extrusion void content, defined by the ratio [EVA/EA] is about 0.6 to about 0.95, and the extent of melt attenuation, defined by the ratio [EVA/(dpf)S], is about 0.05 to about 1.5, in which (dpf)S is the spun denier per filament, the (dpf)S being selected such that the denier per filament at 25% elongation (dpf)25 is about 0.5 to about 20 denier;
withdrawing the multiple melt streams from the spinneret into a quench zone under conditions which causes substantially continuous self-coalescence of the multiple melt streams into spun filaments having at least one longitudinal void and a residual draw ratio (RDR) of less than 2.75; and stabilizing the spun hollow filaments to provide hollow filaments with a residual draw ratio (RDR) of about 1.2 to about 2.25.
[0010] US2011044916 refers to a dental floss comprising a basic amino acid or salt thereof. The said dental floss may be produced from nylon, or from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE or Teflon ), polypropylene, polyethylene, styrene butadiene copolymers, or a combination of them. The polymer is melted and extruded into thin strands, like the dental floss described in this invention.
[0011] US4646766 refers to a dental tape made from polypropylene. The tape may be made by extruding a polypropylene film in strip form onto chilled take-off rollers and then roll embossing the film by means of hardened steel rollers.
[0011] Brazilian patent application PI0905828 refers to a dental floss with improved dental cleaning efficiency and improved adaptation to the interdental space, by the presence of axial flexible saliences, so that by the dental floss movement between teeth, the secondary yarn can penetrate, and by flexible expansion of the dental floss, reach interdental spaces that a traditional dental floss could not reach.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0013] The present invention refers to a yarn with hollow trilobal cross section for the application on dental floss, as well as the application of trilobal filaments on dental floss.
[0014] The present invention additionally refers to dental floss comprising hollow trilobal cross section filaments.
[0015] The present invention additionally refers to the production process of the hollow trilobal cross section filaments.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] Figure 1 is a picture of a hollow trilobal cross section made by microscope.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0017] A real example of the present invention is a yarn made of continuous filaments with hollow trilobal cross section, containing from 90 to 99% polypropylene (PP), and between 1 to 10% other polyolefin based masterbatches (pigments), being preferred 95% polypropylene (PP) and 5% polyolefin resin, particularly polyethylene (PE), for the application on dental floss.
[0018] The dental floss object of this invention comprises yarns made of continuous filaments with hollow trilobal cross section containing from 90% to 99%
polypropylene (PP), and between 1 to 10% other polyolefin based masterbatches (pigments), being preferred 95% polypropylene (PP) and 5% polyolefin resin, particularly polyethylene (PE).
[0019] Some advantages presented by the dental floss object of the present invention are: Improved capacity of bacterial plaque removal due to the filaments cross section shape, and additionally this improvement is enhanced more 40% when the yarn is additivated with special pigments for this application, like: Pigment Blue 15:3 al. 74160, Pigment Green 7 C.I. 74260, Pigment Red 149 C.I. 71137 and Pigment White 6 C.I.
77891; Increased wax and flavours pick up capacity; Better comfort and ease of use for the consumer, due to the increased filament flexibility provided by the hollow cross section; Less weight ( for the dental floss producer, who sells the dental floss by meter), provided by the hollow cross section yarn, having more bulk and less weight.
[0020] Beyond the cited advantages, the dental floss object of the present invention deforms elastically its cross cut section when it is forced to pass between tight interdental space, making easier and more comfortable the cleaning procedure made by the consumer, when compared with the traditional dental floss made with solid cross section filaments.
[0021] The yarn object of the present invention has a linear density or title in the range between 400 and 1200 dtex, it is twisted with a twist level between 10 and 160 twists per meter, in order to increase its strength during its use. The twisted yarn has an increased protection against the breaking or tearing of individual filaments or even the whole yarn when it is subjected to friction. Specifically to the subject of the present invention, said friction occurs between the yarn and the teeth, during the tooth cleaning procedure made by the consumer, when the yarn is forced to pass through interdental space.
[0022] Another statement of the present invention is the hollow trilobal filament production process. This referred process comprises the following steps:
- multifilament melt spinning using synthetic resins as raw material;
- to feed the extrusion melt spinning machine with raw material in form of polypropylene in pellets;
- to melt the polypropylene in the extruder and, when applied, in this step is dosed the pigment masterbatch (1 to 10%), to obtain coloured yarn in different colours;
, - to pump the molten mass throughout the spinnerets, to generate a product in form of continuous filament yarn;
- cool down the hot molten filaments with air to turn it solid, and subsequently lubricate, draw, tangle the filaments with air, and finally wind the yarn onto paper tubes;
- to twist the yarn with 10 to 160 twists per meter.
[0023] The present invention additionally refers to the use of hollow trilobal cross section filaments for the manufacture of dental floss.
[0024] EXAMPLES
Find below the technical data of 2 dental floss products experimentally produced:
Table 1 Dental Floss Item Unity 500/160 700/320 Composition - 100% PP 100% PP
490 to 690 to Linear Density (Title) dtex 520 720 Number of filaments Number 160 320 hollow trilobal hollow Cross section - trilobal Breaking strength N > 18 > 26 Tenacity cN/dtex > 3,5 > 3,5 Elongation cyo 20 a 40 20 a 40 Twist level twists/meter 65 65
[0011] Brazilian patent application PI0905828 refers to a dental floss with improved dental cleaning efficiency and improved adaptation to the interdental space, by the presence of axial flexible saliences, so that by the dental floss movement between teeth, the secondary yarn can penetrate, and by flexible expansion of the dental floss, reach interdental spaces that a traditional dental floss could not reach.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0013] The present invention refers to a yarn with hollow trilobal cross section for the application on dental floss, as well as the application of trilobal filaments on dental floss.
[0014] The present invention additionally refers to dental floss comprising hollow trilobal cross section filaments.
[0015] The present invention additionally refers to the production process of the hollow trilobal cross section filaments.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] Figure 1 is a picture of a hollow trilobal cross section made by microscope.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0017] A real example of the present invention is a yarn made of continuous filaments with hollow trilobal cross section, containing from 90 to 99% polypropylene (PP), and between 1 to 10% other polyolefin based masterbatches (pigments), being preferred 95% polypropylene (PP) and 5% polyolefin resin, particularly polyethylene (PE), for the application on dental floss.
[0018] The dental floss object of this invention comprises yarns made of continuous filaments with hollow trilobal cross section containing from 90% to 99%
polypropylene (PP), and between 1 to 10% other polyolefin based masterbatches (pigments), being preferred 95% polypropylene (PP) and 5% polyolefin resin, particularly polyethylene (PE).
[0019] Some advantages presented by the dental floss object of the present invention are: Improved capacity of bacterial plaque removal due to the filaments cross section shape, and additionally this improvement is enhanced more 40% when the yarn is additivated with special pigments for this application, like: Pigment Blue 15:3 al. 74160, Pigment Green 7 C.I. 74260, Pigment Red 149 C.I. 71137 and Pigment White 6 C.I.
77891; Increased wax and flavours pick up capacity; Better comfort and ease of use for the consumer, due to the increased filament flexibility provided by the hollow cross section; Less weight ( for the dental floss producer, who sells the dental floss by meter), provided by the hollow cross section yarn, having more bulk and less weight.
[0020] Beyond the cited advantages, the dental floss object of the present invention deforms elastically its cross cut section when it is forced to pass between tight interdental space, making easier and more comfortable the cleaning procedure made by the consumer, when compared with the traditional dental floss made with solid cross section filaments.
[0021] The yarn object of the present invention has a linear density or title in the range between 400 and 1200 dtex, it is twisted with a twist level between 10 and 160 twists per meter, in order to increase its strength during its use. The twisted yarn has an increased protection against the breaking or tearing of individual filaments or even the whole yarn when it is subjected to friction. Specifically to the subject of the present invention, said friction occurs between the yarn and the teeth, during the tooth cleaning procedure made by the consumer, when the yarn is forced to pass through interdental space.
[0022] Another statement of the present invention is the hollow trilobal filament production process. This referred process comprises the following steps:
- multifilament melt spinning using synthetic resins as raw material;
- to feed the extrusion melt spinning machine with raw material in form of polypropylene in pellets;
- to melt the polypropylene in the extruder and, when applied, in this step is dosed the pigment masterbatch (1 to 10%), to obtain coloured yarn in different colours;
, - to pump the molten mass throughout the spinnerets, to generate a product in form of continuous filament yarn;
- cool down the hot molten filaments with air to turn it solid, and subsequently lubricate, draw, tangle the filaments with air, and finally wind the yarn onto paper tubes;
- to twist the yarn with 10 to 160 twists per meter.
[0023] The present invention additionally refers to the use of hollow trilobal cross section filaments for the manufacture of dental floss.
[0024] EXAMPLES
Find below the technical data of 2 dental floss products experimentally produced:
Table 1 Dental Floss Item Unity 500/160 700/320 Composition - 100% PP 100% PP
490 to 690 to Linear Density (Title) dtex 520 720 Number of filaments Number 160 320 hollow trilobal hollow Cross section - trilobal Breaking strength N > 18 > 26 Tenacity cN/dtex > 3,5 > 3,5 Elongation cyo 20 a 40 20 a 40 Twist level twists/meter 65 65
Claims (8)
1. An yarn comprising filaments with hollow trilobal cross section, characterized by comprising from 90 to 99% polypropylene and between 1 and 10%
of other polyolefin resins, for the application on dental floss.
of other polyolefin resins, for the application on dental floss.
2. The yarn according the claim 1, characterized by comprising 95%
polypropylene and 5% polyolefin resin.
polypropylene and 5% polyolefin resin.
3. The yarn according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the polyolefin resin cited is polyethylene.
4. The yarn according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that it comprises additives chosen between dyestuffs and pigments.
5. The yarn according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has a linear density or title in the range from 400 to 1200 dtex, and it is twisted with a twist level between 10 and 160 twists per meter.
6. Dental floss, characterized by comprising a hollow trilobal cross section filament, as described at any one of the previous claims 1 to 5.
7. Use of a filament yarn with hollow trilobal cross section as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by being for the manufacture of a dental floss, as described in claim 6.
8. A method of making the yarn of claims 1 to 5 by multifilament melt spinning using synthetic resin as raw material, comprising:
- feeding raw material to an extrusion melt spinning machine, wherein the -raw material is polypropylene-pellets, and the extrusion melt spinning machine comprises:
an extruder, gear metering pumps, spinnerets, quench cabinets; spin finish applicators, draw rollers, tangling nozzles and winding system;
- melting the polypropylene pellets in the extruder with the addition of a pigment masterbatch to obtain a molten mass, wherein the pigment masterbatch comprises the other polyolefin resin;
- pumping the molten mass throughout the spinnerets, to generate a product in form of continuous hot molten filament yarn;
- cooling the hot molten filament yarn with air to turn it solid, and subsequently lubricating, drawing, and tangling the cooled filament yarn with air, and finally winding the cooled filament yarn onto paper tubes; and - twisting the yarn with 10 to 160 twists per meter.
- feeding raw material to an extrusion melt spinning machine, wherein the -raw material is polypropylene-pellets, and the extrusion melt spinning machine comprises:
an extruder, gear metering pumps, spinnerets, quench cabinets; spin finish applicators, draw rollers, tangling nozzles and winding system;
- melting the polypropylene pellets in the extruder with the addition of a pigment masterbatch to obtain a molten mass, wherein the pigment masterbatch comprises the other polyolefin resin;
- pumping the molten mass throughout the spinnerets, to generate a product in form of continuous hot molten filament yarn;
- cooling the hot molten filament yarn with air to turn it solid, and subsequently lubricating, drawing, and tangling the cooled filament yarn with air, and finally winding the cooled filament yarn onto paper tubes; and - twisting the yarn with 10 to 160 twists per meter.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA3055575A CA3055575A1 (en) | 2019-09-16 | 2019-09-16 | Trilobal yarns for application on dental floss, dental floss including the same and use of trilobal yarns in the manufacture of dental floss |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA3055575A CA3055575A1 (en) | 2019-09-16 | 2019-09-16 | Trilobal yarns for application on dental floss, dental floss including the same and use of trilobal yarns in the manufacture of dental floss |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA3055575A1 true CA3055575A1 (en) | 2021-03-16 |
Family
ID=74879767
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA3055575A Pending CA3055575A1 (en) | 2019-09-16 | 2019-09-16 | Trilobal yarns for application on dental floss, dental floss including the same and use of trilobal yarns in the manufacture of dental floss |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA3055575A1 (en) |
-
2019
- 2019-09-16 CA CA3055575A patent/CA3055575A1/en active Pending
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