CA3024431A1

CA3024431A1 - Cannabis vape oil, method of use and of making same

Info

Publication number: CA3024431A1
Application number: CA3024431A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Patrick Woods; Max Alsayar
Original assignee: Hexo Operations Inc
Current assignee: Hexo Operations Inc
Priority date: 2018-11-15
Filing date: 2018-11-15
Publication date: 2019-01-17
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-15
Also published as: CA3113039A1; CA3024431C

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to cannabis vaping oil for use in a vaping device. The cannabis oil includes a mixture of a cannabis concentrate and an additive in a proportion sufficient to bring the flash point of the mixture equal to or above a vaporization temperature at which one or more cannabinoids in the vaping oil vaporize, while maintaining a viscosity which is suitable for use in the vaping device.

Description

CANNABIS VAPE OIL, METHOD OF USE AND OF MAKING SAME
TECHNICAL FIELD
[01] This application generally relates to the field of cannabis oil for vaping.
BACKGROUND

[02] Conventionally, electronic vaping devices utilize a liquid supply reservoir that contains a liquid material. The liquid material is drawn toward a heater via a wick, where the heater vaporizes the liquid material, and the vaporized liquid is entrained in an air flow that is discharged into a vaper's mouth for consumption.

[03] In order for the liquid material to function properly in the vaping device, the liquid material must have properties, which are suitable for the liquid to vaporize, namely the liquid must have a proper viscosity such that it can be adequately metered to the heating element by the capillary action of the wick. For instance, a liquid that is too viscous will not function well because the wick will have difficulty transferring the liquid to the heating element. Also, the liquid should have a flash point that is in proper relation to the temperature at which the liquid is heated by the heating element. If the flash point of the liquid is below the temperature of the heating element, the liquid may explode in the vaping device, creating a hazard risk.

[04] A number of liquid material formulations have been proposed for use in vaping devices, in particular in connection with the nicotine market (e-cigarettes).
However, such formulations are not easily transferrable into other markets, such as the cannabis vaping oil market. While some sort of thinner agent is required for cannabis concentrates, which typically have a viscosity which is too high for use in vaping devices, common thinner agents used in the nicotine market have been reported as negatively affecting the organoleptic properties of cannabis concentrates.

[05] Despite the widespread population of vaping, cannabis concentrate-containing liquid materials for use in a vaping device have remained elusive.
SUMMARY

[06] This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key aspects or essential aspects of the claimed subject matter.

[07] As embodied and broadly described herein, the present disclosure relates to a cannabis oil for use in a vaping device configured for heating the cannabis oil at a vaporization temperature to vaporize a cannabinoid contained in the cannabis oil, the cannabis oil comprising a mixture of a cannabis concentrate and an additive, the additive having a flash point below the vaporization temperature, the cannabis concentrate and the additive cooperating to produce a mixture having a flash point above the vaporization temperature of the cannabinoid.

[08] As embodied and broadly described herein, the present disclosure relates to a cannabis oil for use in a vaping device, the cannabis oil comprising a mixture of a cannabis concentrate and an additive, the additive having a flash point below 200 F, the cannabis concentrate and the additive cooperating to produce a mixture having a flash point above 200 F.

[09] As embodied and broadly described herein, the present disclosure relates to a cannabis oil for vaping, the cannabis oil comprising a mixture of a cannabis concentrate and a carrier oil of plant origin, the cannabis concentrate being in a proportion sufficient to bring the flash point of the cannabis oil above 200 F, the cannabis oil being free of Vegetable Glycerin (VG), Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), and Propylene Glycol (PG).

[10] As embodied and broadly described herein, the present disclosure relates to a cartridge component of an electronic vaping device, comprising a liquid reservoir containing the herein described cannabis oil.

[11] As embodied and broadly described herein, the present disclosure relates to a cannabis vaping oil comprising a cannabis concentrate and a carrier oil selected from the group consisting of a d-limonene, Citrus sinensis, b-myrcene, Pinus sylvestris, Abies siberica, Abies balsamea, Juniperus communis, lemon Lime Flavor, peppermint oil and any combination thereof.

[12] As embodied and broadly described herein, the present disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing cannabis vaping oil suitable for use in a vaping device, the vaping device being configured for using a vaping oil having a viscosity at room temperature below a threshold, and the vaping device further being configured to heat the vaping oil at a vaporization temperature at which one or more cannabinoids in the vaping oil vaporize. The method comprising providing a cannabis concentrate having a viscosity at room temperature which is above the threshold, the cannabis concentrate having a flash point above the vaporization temperature;
providing an additive having a viscosity below the threshold at room temperature and a flash point below the vaporization temperature; and diluting the cannabis concentrate with an additive to obtain a mixture, wherein the proportions of cannabis concentrate and additive are selected such that the mixture has a viscosity below the threshold and a flash point above the vaporization temperature.

[13] In one embodiment, the vaporization temperature is above 200 F, or above about 240 F, or above about 260 F, or above about 280 F, or above about 300 F, or above about 320 F, or above about 340 F, or more.

[14] All features of exemplary embodiments which are described in this disclosure and are not mutually exclusive can be combined with one another. Elements of one embodiment can be utilized in the other embodiments without further mention. Other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying Figures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[15] A detailed description of specific exemplary embodiments is provided herein below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

[16] Fig. 1A is a plan view of a cartridge component of an electronic vaping device in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[17] Fig. 1B is an isometric view of a battery compartment component of an electronic vaping device in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[18] In the drawings, exemplary embodiments are illustrated by way of example. It is to be expressly understood that the description and drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating certain embodiments and are an aid for understanding. They are not intended to be a definition of the limits of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[19] A detailed description of one or more embodiments of the invention is provided below along with accompanying figures that illustrate the principles of the invention. The invention is described in connection with such embodiments, but the invention is not limited to any embodiment. The scope of the invention is limited only by the claims. Numerous specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. These details are provided for the purpose of non-limiting examples and the invention may be practiced according to the claims without some or all of these specific details. For the purpose of clarity, technical material that is known in the technical fields related to the invention has not been described in detail so that the invention is not unnecessarily obscured.

[20] The present disclosure relates to a cannabis vaping oil, which has a viscosity and a flash point which are suitable for use in a vaping device where the vaping device is configured for using a vaping oil having a viscosity at room temperature below a threshold, and where the vaping device is further configured to heat the vaping oil at a vaporization temperature at which one or more cannabinoids in the vaping oil vaporize.

[21] Generally speaking, several options exist to obtain cannabis vaping oil having the herein described desired viscosity and flash point for use in a vaping device.

[22] A first option is to dilute a cannabis concentrate having a viscosity at room temperature which is above the threshold to the point of obtaining the desired viscosity with an additive having a flash point equal to or above the vaporization temperature. The dilution creates a mixture that has a sufficiently lower viscosity than the cannabis concentrate without the additive, while maintaining a flash point equal to or above the vaporization temperature for safely vaporizing one or more cannabinoids contained in the cannabis concentrate.
Furthermore, when the mixture is loaded into a cartridge component of a vaping device with a pipette at room temperature, the mixture flows in and out of the pipette into the cartridge without much difficulty. In other words, the mixture behaves like a liquid.

[23] A second option is to dilute a cannabis concentrate having a viscosity at room temperature which is above the threshold to the point of obtaining the desired viscosity with an additive having a flash point below the vaporization temperature. In this option, the cannabis concentrate has a flash point equal to or above the vaporization temperature such that the dilution creates a mixture that has a flash point equal to or above the vaporization temperature for safely vaporizing one or more cannabinoids contained in the cannabis concentrate. In this option, the proportions of cannabis concentrate and additive are selected such that the mixture has a viscosity below the threshold while maintaining a flash point equal to or above the vaporization temperature.

Additive compound

[24] In a practical implementation, the additive includes a compound which operates to lower the viscosity of the cannabis concentrate. The additive can be a single material or a blend of different materials. Optionally, the rate of addition of the additive to the cannabis concentrate can be adjusted according to expected storage or the vaping device's operational parameters.

[25] In one embodiment, the additive used in the present disclosure does not significantly alter the organoleptic properties of the cannabis concentrate; in other words, the taste, smell and touch of the cannabis concentrate is not significantly altered by the addition of the additive.

[26] In an advantageous non-limiting embodiment, a single additive is added to the cannabis concentrate. This simplifies the manufacturing of the cannabis vaping oil and may increase regulatory approval likelihood by local regulatory bodies. However, it is also conceivable for two or more different additives to be added to the cannabis concentrate, especially when particular further advantageous properties are to be obtained. For example, a first additive having a flash point equal to or above the vaporization temperature may be used together with a second additive having a flash point below the vaporization temperature. In such situation, the overall proportion of cannabis concentrate required to obtain a suitable flash point for the whole mixture may not be as high compared to the situation where the additive(s) has (have) a flash point below the vaporization temperature. Accordingly, less cannabis concentrate may be required to have a cannabis oil with suitable flash point, although the person of skill may still wish to include higher proportion of cannabis concentrate in other to increase potency of the cannabis oil, i.e., increase the concentration of cannabinoid(s) in the cannabis vaping oil.

[27] In one non-limiting embodiment, the cannabis vaping oil of the present disclosure includes a mixture of the cannabis concentrate and the additive, where the cannabis concentrate is present in a proportion of? 40 wt.% relative to the weight of the additive.
Preferably, the proportion of cannabis concentrate is 70 wt.% relative to the weight of the additive, such that the cannabis vaping oil retains sufficient free-flowing liquid properties to afford ease of use with the vaping device.

[28] Examples of additives that typically have a flash point above the vaporization temperature include Vegetable Glycerin (VG), Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), and Propylene Glycol (PG). Objectively, those compounds are less desirable than other examples provided in this disclosure because they are known to potentially produce toxic and carcinogenic impurities as a result of the thermal decomposition of VG, PEG and PG.

[29] In one non-limiting embodiment, the additive includes one or more carrier oil(s).

[30] In one non-limiting embodiment, the one or more carrier oil(s) is (are) of plant origin.
For example, but without being limited to, terpenes, essential oils, and the like, such as for example, d-limonene, Orange sweet (Citrus sinensis), b-myrcene, Pine (Pinus sylvestris), Fir (Abies siberica or Abies balsamea), Juniper Berry anniperus communis), lemon Lime Flavor, peppermint oil, and the like.

[31] In one non-limiting embodiment, the additive includes a medium chain triglyceride (MCT) or a mixture of MCT and another additive. For example, the additive can include a mixture of peppermint oil and MCT in proportions such that the typical taste of peppermint oil is tamed down with the MCT.
Cannabis concentrate

[32] The cannabis concentrate of the present disclosure may be obtained with any known method in the art.

[33] For example, the cannabis concentrate may be obtained by a process including an extraction step from plant materials using heat decarboxylation to convert cannabinoids in their acid forms to neutral forms followed by or after CO, extraction (under sub-critical or super-critical conditions), and then, optionally, followed by ethanol winterization to remove waxes, as described for example in US 7,700,368 and US 2004/0049059, which are each herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Optionally, the method for obtaining the cannabis concentrate may further include purification steps such as a distillation step in order to further purify, isolate or crystallize one or more cannabinoids. A cannabis concentrate obtained by distillation may be further cut with one or more terpenes, i.e., chemicals made and stored in the trichomes of the cannabis plant, with the cannabinoids. Terpenes give cannabis its distinctive smell.

[34] The cannabis concentrate includes one or more cannabinoid(s). Examples of cannabinoids include, but are not limited to, cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabigerol monomethylether (CBGM), cannabigerovarin (CBGV), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabichromevarin (CBCV), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiol monomethylether (CBDM), cannabidiol-C4 (CBD-C4), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabidiorcol (CBD-C1), delta-tetrahydrocannabinol (A9-THC), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA-A), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabionolic acid B (THCA-B), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-C4 (THCA-C4), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-C4, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabiorcol (THC-C 1) , delta-7-cis-iso tetrahydrocannabivarin, delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (A8-THC), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabicyclovarin (CBLV), cannabielsoin (CBE), cannabinol (CBN), cannabinol methylether (CBNM), cannabinol-C4 (CBN-C4), cannabivarin (CBV), cannabinol-C2 (CBN-C2), cannabiorcol (CBN-C1), cannabinodiol (CBND), cannabinodivarin (CBVD), cannabitriol (CBT), 1 0- ethoxy-9hydroxy-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabinol, 8,9-dihydroxy-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabitriolvarin (CBTV), ethoxy-cannabitriolvarin (CBTVE), dehydrocannabifuran (DCBF), cannabifuran (CBF), cannabichromanon (CBCN), cannabicitran (CBI), 10-oxo-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabionol (OTHC), delta-9-cis-tetrahydrocannabinol (cis-THC), 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-7-hydroxy-alpha-alpha-2-trimethy1-9-n-propy1-2, 6-methano-2H-1 -benz oxocin- 5-methanol (OH-iso-HHCV), cannabiripsol (CBR), trihydroxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (tri0H-THC), cannabinol propyl variant (CBNV), and derivatives thereof.

[35] In some embodiments, the cannabinoid is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
THC is only psychoactive in its decarboxylated state. The carboxylic acid form (THCA) is non-psychoactive.
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (A9-THC) and delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (A8-THC) produce the effects associated with cannabis by binding to the CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the brain.

[36] In some embodiments, the cannabinoid is cannabidiol (CBD). The terms "cannabidiol" or "CBD" are generally understood to refer to one or more of the following compounds, and, unless a particular other stereoisomer or stereoisomers are specified, includes the compound "A2-cannabidiol." These compounds are: (1) A5-cannabidiol (2-(6-isopropeny1-3-methy1-5-cyclohexen-l-y1)-5-penty1-1,3-benzenediol); (2) A4-cannabidiol (2- (6-isoprop eny1-3-methy1-4-cyclohexen-l-y1)-5-p enty1-1,3-benz ene diol); (3) A3-cannabidiol (2-(6-isopropeny1-3-methy1-3-cyclohexen-l-y1)-5-pentyl-1,3-benz enediol); (4) A3,7-cannabidiol (2-(6-isopropeny1-3-methylenecyclohex-1-y1)-5-penty1-1,3-benzenediol); (5) A2-cannabidiol (2-(6-isopropeny1-3-methy1-2-cyclohexen-l-y1)-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol); (6) Al-cannabidiol (2-(6-isopropeny1-3-methy1-1-cyclohexen-l-y1)-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol); and (7) A6-cannabidiol (2-(6-isopropeny1-3-methy1-6-cyclohexen-l-y1)-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol).

[37] In one embodiment, the cannabis oil of the present disclosure includes? 300 mg/ml of CBD, for example, 5 650 mg/ml, 5 550 mg/ml, _5 550 mg/ml, 5 460 mg/ml, 5 450 mg/ml, 400 mg/ml, and the like.

[38] In one embodiment, the cannabis oil of the present disclosure additionally or alternatively includes 5 30 mg/ml THC, for example, 30 mg/ml, .5 25 mg/ml, 5 20 mg/ml, and the like.
Cartridge component of a vaping device

[39] The cannabis oil of the present disclosure can be used in any suitable cartridge component of a vaping device.

[40] For example, Fig. 1A is a plan view of a non-limiting example of a cartridge 100 component of an electronic vaping device. A vaping device can also be referred to as a vaporizer, a vaporizer pen, a vape pen or an electronic or "e-" cigarette, for example.
The cartridge 100 includes a vapor outlet 50 at one end thereof, which includes a tip 40 and sidewalls 20 and 25, which could be sides or parts of the same cylindrical sidewall in some embodiments.

[41] The cartridge 100 further includes a liquid reservoir 60 for containing the cannabis oil.
The vapor outlet 50, in addition to sealing an end of an interior space of the liquid reservoir 60, also provides a mouth-piece portion through which a user can draw vapor from the electronic vaping device. The mouthpiece could be tapered, as shown, or otherwise shaped for a user's comfort. The present disclosure is not limited to any particular shape of the vapor outlet 50.

[42] The vapor outlet 50 could be made from one or more materials including metal, ceramic, wood, or a combination thereof. However, other materials could also or instead be used.

[43] The liquid reservoir 60 holds the vaporization substance prior to vaporization. The liquid reservoir 60 includes outer walls 10 and 15, which could be a single wall such as a cylindrical sidewall. The outer walls 10 and 15 of the liquid reservoir 60 could be made from one or more transparent or translucent materials, such as medical grade glass, in order to enable a user to visibly determine the quantity of vaporization substance in the chamber.

[44] The liquid reservoir 60 engages the vapor outlet 50, and could be coupled to the vapor outlet 50, via an engagement or connection at 116. A gasket or other sealing member could be provided between the liquid reservoir 60 and the vapor outlet 50 to seal the vaporization substance in the liquid reservoir 60.

[45] Although some liquid reservoir are "non-recloseable" (or sealable) and cannot be opened after initial filling, others are recloseable chambers in which the engagement at 116, between the vapor outlet 50 and the liquid reservoir 60, is releasable. For example, the vapor outlet 50 could be a cover that releasably engages the liquid reservoir 60 and seals a vaporization substance in the liquid reservoir 60, thereby preventing the vaporization substance from leaking out of the liquid reservoir 60. A releasable engagement could include, for example, a threaded engagement or other type of connection, or an abutment between the liquid reservoir 60 and the vapor outlet 50, without necessarily an actual connection between the chamber and the vapor outlet. Such a releasable engagement permits the vapor outlet 50 to be disengaged or removed from the liquid reservoir 60 so that the chamber can be cleaned, emptied, and/or filled with a vaporization substance, for example. The vapor outlet 50 could then re-engage with the liquid reservoir 60 to seal the vaporization substance inside the chamber.

[46] Fig. 1A also illustrates a stem 110 inside the liquid reservoir 60.
The stem 110 is a hollow tube or air channel through which vapor can be drawn into and through vapor outlet 50. The stem 110 may also be referred to as a central column, a central post, a chimney, a hose or a pipe.
Materials such as stainless steel, other metal alloys, plastics and ceramics could be used for stems such as the stem 110. The stem 110 couples the vapor outlet 50 via an engagement or connection (not shown). The stem 110 may include at its base one or more intake holes (not shown) having a suitable opening size, such as for example 1.2 or 1.6 mm.

[47] In one embodiment, screwing the vapor outlet 50 onto the stem 110 could also engage the vapor outlet 50 with the liquid reservoir 60, or similarly screwing the vapor outlet 50 onto the liquid reservoir 60 could also engage the vapor outlet 50 with the stem 110.

[48] Fig. 1B shows a battery compartment 200 that includes supplies power to the cartridge 100. The battery compartment 200 engages, and could also be coupled to the cartridge 100 via a female engagement 130 which receives a male thread 30 present at an end of the cartridge 100. In this embodiment, the engagement 130 and thread 30 is a releasable engagement.
However, in some embodiments, this could be a fixed connection. In some embodiments, the thread 30 may take the form of a 510 thread, which typically may include a connector having a length of 5 mm and having 10 threads. In the embodiment shown, the releasable engagement enables removal or disengagement of the battery compartment 200 from the cartridge 100 to permit recharging of the battery contained within the elongated body 110 of the battery compartment 200 or permuting the battery compartment 200 with another identical or different battery compartment 200'.

[49] The battery compartment 200 generally includes circuitry to supply power to the cartridge 100. For example, the battery compartment 200 could include electrical contacts that connect to corresponding electrical contacts with the battery. The battery compartment 200 could further include electrical contacts that connect to corresponding electrical contacts in the cartridge 100. The battery compartment 200 could reduce, regulate or otherwise control the power/voltage/current output from the battery. However, this functionality could also or instead be provided by the battery itself. The battery compartment 200 could be made from one or more materials including metals, plastics, elastomers and ceramics, for example, to carry or otherwise support other base components such as contacts and/or circuitry.
However, other materials could also or instead be used.

[50] The battery compartment 200 includes sidewalls 140 and 141, a bottom 142 and a button 144. The sidewalls 140 and 141, could be a single wall such as a cylindrical sidewall. The battery compartment 200 could include single-use batteries or rechargeable batteries such as lithium-ion batteries. The battery compartment 200 powers the vaporization device and allows powered components of the vaporization device, including at least the cartridge 100, to operate.
Other powered components could include, for example, one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs), speakers or other indicators of device power status (on / off), device usage status (on when a user is drawing vapor), etc. In some embodiments, speakers and/or other audible indicators could produce long, short or intermittent "beep" sounds as a form of indicator of different conditions.

[51] As noted above, in some embodiments, the vapor outlet 50, the liquid reservoir 60, the stem 110, the battery compartment 200 are cylindrical in shape or otherwise shaped in a way such that sidewalls that are separately labeled in Fig. 1A and/or Fig. 1B could be formed by a single sidewall. In these embodiments, the sidewalls 140 and 141 represent sides of the same sidewall.
Similar comments apply to outer walls 10 and 15, and sidewalls 20 and 25, and other walls that are shown in the drawings and/or described herein. However, in general, vapor outlets, liquid reservoirs, stems, cartridges, battery compartments that are not cylindrical in shape are also contemplated. For example, these components could be rectangular, triangular, or otherwise shaped.

[52] It should be appreciated, that the example cartridge 100 and the example battery compartment 200 are solely for the purpose of illustration. Other embodiments are also contemplated. For example, the vaping device could be a multi-chamber device vape device or a pen-and-pod device as commercialized by PAX (e.g., the PAX EraTm).
Definitions

[53] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. As used herein, and unless stated otherwise or required otherwise by context, each of the following terms shall have the definition set forth below.

[54] For the purpose of this specification, the expression "vaporization temperature" in the context of cannabis vaping oil means the temperature which allows formation of an aerosol (commonly called vapor) from the cannabis vaping oil, which contains one or more cannabinoid(s), and which a user of the vaping device can inhale. The vaporization temperature is not a fixed value. Cannabinoids will likely typically evaporate within a range of temperatures, especially when the vaporization is assisted by air flow or suction created by a user's mouth. For example, CBD doesn't have a clear set boiling point; it is more in the 160-180 C range, and while THC has been reported as having a boiling point at 157 C, the fact is that both will start to sublimate off at a lower temperature. At the lower end of the range, the evaporation will be slower and conversely at the high end of the range the evaporation will be quicker. Hence, "vaporization temperature", therefore, refers to any temperature in that range where a cannabinoid is evaporated for inhalation and subsequent desired effect on the human body. The vaporization temperature of pure cannabinoids can be found, for example, in McPartland and Russo (J. of Cannabis Therapeutics, Vol. 1, No. 3/4, 2011, p. 103-132).

[55] For the purpose of this specification, the expression "viscosity threshold" in reference to a cannabis vaping oil means the highest viscosity value at room temperature which remains suitable for use in a particular vaping device and allow proper use of that vaping device, e.g., for loading cannabis oil into the cartridge, properly feeding the cannabis oil to the heating element of the vaping device in order to vaporize one or more cannabinoid(s) while minimizing clogging of cartridge internal components, the viscosity of the cannabis oil may also assist with the performance of the vaping device such as by preventing or minimizing leakage of the cannabis oil from the vaping device when not in use, and optimizing the performance of the vaping device and its delivery of the cannabinoid(s), and the like.

[56] For the purpose of this specification, the expression "cannabis concentrates" means an extract of a cannabis plant that concentrates a cannabinoid concentration by processing a cannabis plant to purify / isolate the cannabinoids. Typically, cannabis concentrates have a viscosity, which is too high for use in a vaping device, but has a flash point, which is equal to or above the vaporization temperature of the cannabinoids.

[57] For the purpose of this specification, the expression "cannabis oil"
refers to an oil that contains anything referred to in item 1 or 3 of Schedule 1 of the Canadian Cannabis Act S.C.
2018, c.16 and that is in liquid form at a temperature of 22 2 C.

[58] The term "vegetable glycerin (VG)" is also known in the art as "monoglycerol" or "glycerol", generally obtained from plant and animal sources where it occurs as triglycerides.

[59] The term "polyethylene glycol (PEG)" is also known in the art as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight and refers to a compound with the chemical formula H¨(0¨CH2¨CH2)õ¨OH.

[60] The term "propylene glycol" is also known in the art as propane-1,2-diol and refers to a synthetic organic compound with the chemical formula C3H802.

[61] The term "of plant origin" is used interchangeably with "plant-based"
or with "plant-derived" and refers to a compound that is extracted or prepared from plant raw material. In one embodiment, this compound can be synthetic.

[62] The term "essential oil" does not mean indispensable as with the terms essential amino acid or essential fatty acid which are so called since they are nutritionally required by a given living organism, rather, the essential oil is "essential" in the sense that it contains the "essence of" or "at least a portion of the essence of" the plant's fragrance - the characteristic fragrance of the plant from which it is derived. Essential oils are generally extracted by distillation, often by using steam. Other processes include expression, solvent extraction, sfumatura, absolute oil extraction, resin tapping, wax embedding, and cold pressing. As such, in the present disclosure, essential oils are a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants.
EXAMPLES

[63] The following examples describe some exemplary modes of making and practicing certain compositions that are described herein. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to limit the scope of the disclosure.
Example 1¨ Cartridge

[64] In accordance with a non-limiting example of the present disclosure, the inventors propose to use an A3-C full ceramic vape cartridge (Transpring Technology, USA) in order to test the cannabis oil of the present disclosure.

[65] The A3-C full ceramic vape cartridge has a full ceramic heating core, a 0.5 ml liquid reservoir, a resistance of 1.4/1.6Q, and 1.2 mm/1.6 mm oil intake hole size.
The liquid reservoir is made of medical grade glass and the rest of the cartridge is made of chrome-plated brass. The cartridge includes a 510 thread for coupling with the battery compartment.
Example 2 ¨ Battery compartment

[66] In accordance with a non-limiting example of the present disclosure, the inventors propose to use an LO-A vape battery compartment (Transpring Technology, USA) in order to test with the A3-C cartridge of example 1.

[67] The LO-A vape battery has a capacity of 320 mAh, an output voltage of 2.6-4.0V with 3 adjustable voltages (green 2.6V, blue 3.3V, red 4.0V), a preheating output of 1.8V, a preheating time of 15 seconds, and 2 optional vaping ways: vape directly / vape with button-pressing.
Example 3¨ Additive

[68] In accordance with a non-limiting example of the present disclosure, the inventors tested a number of additives.

[69] In order to be safe and, thus, suitable for vaping, the inventors sought to identify an additive having a proper flash point, i.e., at least 200 F (at least 93.3 C). This is because a number of cannabinoids require temperatures of at least 200 F in order to vaporize, such that having a cannabis vaping oil containing an additive with a flash point below 200 F in proportions sufficient to reduce the flash point of the mixture to values below 200 F would likely represent a fire / explosion hazard when heated in the vaping device.

[70] The inventors first set out to identify the flash point of a number of candidate additives.
Several models were used and their results compared. The following table 1 sets out the flash point of these candidate additives:

Candidate additive Flash point WHIMS*
(oc) d-limonene 45 2 Orange sweet (Citrus sinensis) 45 3 b-myrcene 39 2 Pine (Pinus glvestris) 43 2 Fir (Abies sibetica or Abies balsainea) 45 3 Juniper Berry (Juniperus communis) 43 2 lemon Lime Flavor 25 3 peppermint 69 2 Vegetable Glycerin USP 160 1 Propylene Glycol 99 1 *Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

[71] Except for vegetable glycerin (VG) and propylene glycol (PG), none of the candidate additives has a flash point equal to or above the vaporization temperature of at least 200 F (at least 93.3 C). Note that this vaporization temperature is in practice near the lower end of the vaporization range of certain cannabinoids. In other words, for a faster and stronger effect on the human body a higher vaporization temperature should be used, further amplifying the flash point differential and the attendant hazard.

Example 4 ¨ Nicotine vaping carrier oils

[72] In accordance with a non-limiting example of the present disclosure, the inventors sought to better understand whether using additives typically used in nicotine-based vaping devices, was more suitable for using in the cannabis vaping oil of the present disclosure.

[73] The additives assessed are petroleum-based propylene glycol (PG) and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), and natural agents vegetable glycerin (VG) and medium chain triglycerides (MCI). Troutt and DiDonato (J Altern Complement Med. 2017 Nov;23(11):879-884) report that heating these oils at temperatures appropriate for cannabis oil vaporization (e.g., at 230 C) resulted in formation of vapor containing harmful carbonyls, such as acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde. To test the levels of the three carbonyl compounds screened for, each thinning agent was vaporized in 3 blocks of 25 'puffs', for a total of 75 puffs per agent. Puffs were vaporized every 30 seconds, each for a duration of 4 seconds and a volume of 55 mL. The vapor was then analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to individually measure amounts of acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde.

[74] Analyses showed that PEG 400 produced significantly higher levels of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde than PG, MCT, and VG. Formaldehyde production was also significantly greater in PG compared with MCT and VG. Acrolein production did not differ significantly across the agents. PG and PEG 400 produced high levels of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde when heated to 230 C. Formaldehyde production from PEG 400 isolate was particularly high, with one inhalation accounting for 1.12% of the daily exposure limit, nearly the same exposure as smoking one cigarette.

[75] These results are in line with those disclosed by Grana et al., (Circulation, 2014;
129:1972-1986) where vapors produced from vaping device using liquid material containing nicotine and propylene glycol (PG) with or without vegetable glycerin (VG) produced 0.2 to 5.61 lig of formaldehyde per puff, which while may appear safer than the 1.6 to 52 1.ig of formaldehyde produced by one puff from a tobacco cigarette, nevertheless, has been perceived as not being ideal from a public health policy perspective.

[76] As such, the inventors have concluded that the PG, PEG and VG
typically used in nicotine-based vaping devices are not without health risk when used in the cannabis vaping oil of the present disclosure.

Example 5 ¨ Cannabis oil flash point

[77] The inventors discovered that even though an additive mixed with the cannabis concentrate has a flash point below the desired vaporization temperature, the cannabis concentrate, nevertheless, owing to its relatively high flash point operates to increase the flashpoint of the mixture such that it is equal to or above the desired vaporization temperature.
Accordingly, it is therefore possible to provide a cannabis oil for vaping that is safe, in terms of reducing the likelihood of explosion in the vaping device resulting from a flash temperature of the cannabis oil that is too low, the viscosity of the cannabis oil is in the proper range and can be used in the vaping device and finally does not produce the harmful vapors produced by propylene glycol (PG), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) and vegetable glycerin (VG).

[78] The precis physical properties of cannabinoids are not known. The inventor had to use various mathematical models from the field of thermodynamics to calculate the flashpoint of cannabinoids. (Hristova and Tchaoushev, I of University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 41, 3, 2006, p. 291-296.) Several models were used to calculate the mixture's flash point and their results compared. The person of skill will realize that these calculations were made instead of proceeding with actually attempting to flash the mixture in a laminar hood because of obvious hazard risks (exploding on purpose a mixture). The following table 2 sets out the outcome of these results, for a number of cannabis oil formulation prepared by mixing cannabis concentrate (containing 2.14% THC and 84.6 `)/0 CBD) and peppermint oil (50 ml) at room temperature without heating.

Cannabis THC CBD Flash point Concentrate concentration concentration equal to or added (g) (mg/ml) (mg/ml) above vaporization temperature?
6 5.1 93.3 No 29 13.12 304 Yes 63 20.496 466 Yes 95 24.85 558 Yes 190 30.272 666 Yes

[79] To elaborate, adding 63 g of cannabis concentrate to 50 ml produced a 113 g sample. In this sample, the peppermint oil weight is 44.25% and the cannabis concentrate weight is 55.75%.
The calculations were made using the following average flash points: CBD (149 C), THC
(137 C), and peppermint oil (75 C).

[80] The first calculation took into effect the contribution of CBD to peppermint oil, with the following equation: 1/(wt. /0 CBD x CBD average flash point) + (wt.%
peppermint oil x peppermint oil average flash point). The first calculation gave a first calculated flash point of 93.69 C ¨ higher than the flash point of peppermint oil on its own. To this first calculation, the inventors made a second calculation using a similar formula by adding the contribution of THC, which resulted in a second calculated flash point of 98.48 C.

[81] The inventors then made a third calculation by taking into account the remaining cannabinoids and wax content present in the cannabis concentrate in terms of their effect on the flash point; the inventors calculated that the contribution of the remaining cannabinoids was a factor of 1.68, which resulted in a third calculated flash point of 157.39 C
(314.6 F).

[82] In performing these calculations, the inventors discovered that using at least about 40 wt.% cannabis concentrate relative to total weight of the additive was ideal in terms of having a flash point for the mixture which was suitable for using in a vape device at the vaporization temperatures. In other words, by increasing the relative amount of cannabis concentrate, the inventors were able to resolve the flash point issue observed with the additive on its own. This was surprising and unexpected. The same calculations were repeated with d-limonene and similar results were obtained. The inventors reasonably expect that cannabis vaping oils with such proportions of cannabis concentrate will be suitable for use in a vaping device.
Example 6 ¨ Cannabis vaping oil saturation

[83] In accordance with a non-limiting example of the present disclosure, the inventors sought to test the viscosity obtained with mixing various amounts of the additive with the cannabis concentrate and assess whether the resulting viscosity was suitable for use in a vaping device. The following table 3 sets out a number of cannabis oil formulation prepared by mixing various amounts of cannabis concentrate (containing 2.14% THC and 84.6 % CBD) and peppermint oil (50 nil) at room temperature without heating.

Cannabis Amounts of CBD Concentrate Concentrate cannabinoids concentration to oil added (g) (g) (mg/ml) (%) 1 0.868 15.10 2.00 2 1.735 30.20 4.00 3 2.603 45.30 6.00 4 3.470 60.40 8.00 5 4.338 75.50 10.00 6.15 5.335 92.86 12.30 5.31 4.606 80.18 10.62 8 6.940 120.80 16.00 9 7.808 135.90 18.00 10 8.675 150.99 20.00 17.88 15.511 269.98 35.76 20 17.350 301.99 40.00 29.34 25.452 443.02 58.68 40 34.700 603.98 80.00 50 43.375 754.97 100.00 63.86 55.399 964.25 127.72 95.72 83.037 1445.32 191.44 133.1 115.464 2009.74 266.20 190.76 165.484 2880.38 381.52

[84] The following table 4 sets out a number of additional cannabis oil formulation prepared by mixing various amounts of cannabis concentrate (containing 2.14% THC and 84.6 ')/0 CBD) and peppermint oil (100 ml) at room temperature without heating.

Cannabis Amounts of CBD Concentrate Concentrate c ann abino ids concentration to oil added (g) (g) (mg/ml) CYO
20 17.35000 150.99 20.00 40 34.70000 301.99 40.00 50 43.37500 377.49 50.00 80 69.40000 603.98 80.00

[85] The inventors discovered that using up to 190 g cannabis concentrate with 50 nil (i.e., 380 wt.%) of additive afforded cannabis vaping oil, which still flows at room temperature and can still be pipetted in a pipette, i.e., meeting the desired characteristic that the mixture remains liquid at room temperature.

[86] The inventors further optimized the relative proportions of cannabis concentrate to additive in order to obtain an optimum flash point for the mixture which is equal to or above the vaporization temperature of specific cannabinoids while maintaining an optimum viscosity below the threshold viscosity (at which is intended to function the vaping device), which affords optimal use in a vaping device. The optimized proportions discovered by the inventors are in the range of 40 to 70 wt.% of cannabis concentrate to additive.

[87] Other examples of implementations will become apparent to the reader in view of the teachings of the present description and as such, will not be further described here.

[88] Note that tides or subtitles may be used throughout the present disclosure for convenience of a reader, but in no way these should limit the scope of the invention. Moreover, certain theories may be proposed and disclosed herein; however, in no way they, whether they are right or wrong, should limit the scope of the invention so long as the invention is practiced according to the present disclosure without regard for any particular theory or scheme of action.

[89] All references cited throughout the specification are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.

[90] It will be understood by those of skill in the art that throughout the present specification, the term "a" used before a term encompasses embodiments containing one or more to what the term refers. It will also be understood by those of skill in the art that throughout the present specification, the term "comprising", which is synonymous with "including," "containing," or "characterized by," is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude additional, un-recited elements or method steps.

[91] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. In the case of conflict, the present document, including definitions will control.

[92] As used in the present disclosure, the terms "around", "about" or "approximately" shall generally mean within the error margin generally accepted in the art. Hence, numerical quantities given herein generally include such error margin such that the terms "around", "about" or "approximately" can be inferred if not expressly stated.

[93] Although various embodiments of the disclosure have been described and illustrated, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the present description that numerous modifications and variations can be made. The scope of the invention is defined more particularly in the appended claims.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. Cannabis oil for vaping, the cannabis oil comprising a mixture of a cannabis concentrate and a carrier oil of plant origin, the cannabis concentrate being in a proportion sufficient to bring the flash point of the cannabis oil above 200 °F, the cannabis oil being free of Vegetable Glycerin (VG), Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), and Propylene Glycol (PG).

2. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 1, wherein the cannabis concentrate includes a cannabinoid.

3. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 2, wherein the cannabinoid includes cannabidiol (CBD).

4. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 3, wherein the cannabis oil includes >= 300 mg/ml of CBD.

5. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 4, wherein the cannabis oil includes <= 650 mg/ml of CBD.

6. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 4, wherein the cannabis oil includes <= 50 mg/ml of CBD.

7. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 4, wherein the cannabis oil includes <= 450 mg/ml of CBD.

8. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 4, wherein the cannabis oil includes <= 400 mg/ml of CBD.

9. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 4, wherein the cannabis oil includes <= 460 mg/ml of CBD.

10. The cannabis oil for vaping according to any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein the cannabinoid includes tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

11. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 10, wherein the cannabis oil includes <= 30 mg/ml THC.

12. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 11, wherein the cannabis oil includes 30 mg/ml of THC.

13. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 11, wherein the cannabis oil includes <= 25 mg/ml of THC.

14. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 11, wherein the cannabis oil includes <= 20 mg/ml of THC.

15. The cannabis oil for vaping according to any one of claims 1 to 14, the cannabis concentrate being in a proportion of >= 40 wt.% relative to weight of the carrier oil.

16. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 14, the cannabis concentrate being in a proportion of 5. 70 wt.% relative to weight of the carrier oil.

17. The cannabis oil for vaping according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the carrier oil is an essential oil.

18. The cannabis oil for vaping according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the carrier oil includes peppermint oil.

19. The cannabis oil for vaping according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the carrier oil includes a terpene.

20. The cannabis oil for vaping according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the carrier oil includes D-limonene.

21. The cannabis oil for vaping according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the cannabis concentrate is obtained by CO2 cannabis plant extraction.

22. The cannabis oil for vaping according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the cannabis concentrate is obtained by CO2 cannabis plant extraction followed by distillation to obtain a distillate.

23. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 22, wherein the distillate is further cut with a terpene.

24. Cannabis oil for use in a vaping device configured for heating the cannabis oil at a vaporization temperature to vaporize a cannabinoid contained in the cannabis oil, the cannabis oil comprising a tnixture of a cannabis concentrate and an additive, the additive having a flash point below the vaporization temperature, the cannabis concentrate and the additive cooperating to produce a mixture having a flash point above or equal to the vaporization temperature of the cannabinoid.

25. Cannabis oil for vaping as defined in claim 24, wherein the additive is of plant origin.

26. Cannabis oil as defined in claim 24 or 25, wherein the cannabis oil is substantially free of Vegetable Glycerin (VG), Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), and Propylene Glycol (PG).

27. The cannabis oil for vaping according to any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein the cannabis concentrate includes a cannabinoid.

28. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 27, wherein the cannabinoid includes cannabidiol (CBD).

29. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 28, wherein the cannabis oil includes 300 mg/ml of CBD.

30. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 29, wherein the cannabis oil includes <= 650 mg/ml of CBD.

31. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 29, wherein the cannabis oil includes <= 550 mg/ml of CBD.

32. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 29, wherein the cannabis oil includes 450 mg/ml of CBD.

33. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 29, wherein the cannabis oil includes <= 400 mg/ml of CBD.

34. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 29, wherein the cannabis oil includes <= 460 mg/ml of CBD.

35. The cannabis oil for vaping according to any one of claims 27 to 34, wherein the cannabinoid includes tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

36. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 35, wherein the cannabis oil includes 5 30 mg/ml THC.

37. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 36, wherein the cannabis oil includes 30 mg/ml of THC.

38. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 36, wherein the cannabis oil includes 5 25 mg/ml of THC.

39. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 36, wherein the cannabis oil includes 5 20 mg/ml of THC.

40. The cannabis oil for vaping according to any one of claims 24 to 39, the cannabis concentrate being in a proportion of >= 40 wt.% relative to the weight of the additive.

41. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 40, the cannabis concentrate being in a proportion of 5 70 wt.% relative to the weight of the additive.

42. The cannabis oil for vaping according to any one of claims 24 to 41, wherein the additive is a carrier oil.

43. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 42, wherein the carrier oil is an essential oil.

44. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 42, wherein the carrier oil includes peppermint oil.

45. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 42, wherein the carrier oil includes a terpene.

46. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 42, wherein the carrier oil includes D-limonene.

47. The cannabis oil for vaping according to any one of claims 24 to 46, wherein the cannabis concentrate is obtained by CO2 cannabis plant extraction.

48. The cannabis oil for vaping according to any one of claims 24 to 46, wherein the cannabis concentrate is obtained by CO2 cannabis plant extraction followed by distillation to obtain a distillate.

49. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 48, wherein the distillate is further cut with a terpene.

50. The cannabis oil for use in a vaping device, the cannabis oil comprising a mixture of a cannabis concentrate and an additive, the additive having a flash point below 200 °F, the cannabis concentrate and the additive cooperating to produce a mixture having a flash point above 200 °F.

51. The cannabis oil for vaping as defined in claim 50, wherein the additive is of plant origin.

52. The cannabis oil as defined in claim 50 or 51, wherein the cannabis oil is substantially free of Vegetable Glycerin (VG), Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), and Propylene Glycol (PG).

53. The cannabis oil for vaping according to any one of claims 50 to 52, wherein the cannabis concentrate includes a cannabinoid.

54. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 53, wherein the cannabinoid includes cannabidiol (CBD).

55. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 54, wherein the cannabis oil includes 300 mg/ml of CBD.

56. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 55, wherein the cannabis oil includes <= 650 mg/ml of CBD.

57. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 55, wherein the cannabis oil includes <= 550 mg/ml of CBD.

58. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 55, wherein the cannabis oil includes <= 450 mg/ml of CBD.

59. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 55, wherein the cannabis oil includes <= 400 mg/ml of CBD.

60. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 55, wherein the cannabis oil includes <= 460 mg/ml of CBD.

61. The cannabis oil for vaping according to any one of claims 53 to 60, wherein the cannabinoid includes tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

62. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 61, wherein the cannabis oil includes <= 30 mg/ml THC.

63. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 62, wherein the cannabis oil includes 30 mg/ml of THC.

64. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 62, wherein the cannabis oil includes <= 25 mg/ml of THC.

65. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 62, wherein the cannabis oil includes <= 20 mg/ml of THC.

66. The cannabis oil for vaping according to any one of claims 50 to 65, the cannabis concentrate being in a proportion of ? 40 wt.% relative to weight of the additive.

67. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 66, the cannabis concentrate being in a proportion of <= 70 wt.% relative to weight of the additive.

68. The cannabis oil for vaping according to any one of claims 50 to 67, wherein the additive is a carrier oil.

69. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 68, wherein the carrier oil is an essential oil.

70. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 68, wherein the carrier oil includes peppermint oil.

71. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 68, wherein the carrier oil includes a terpene.

72. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 68, wherein the carrier oil includes D-limon ene.

73. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 50 to 72, wherein the cannabis concentrate is obtained by CO2 cannabis plant extraction.

74. The cannabis oil for vaping according to any one of claims 50 to 72, wherein the cannabis concentrate is obtained by CO2 cannabis plant extraction followed by distillation to obtain a distillate.

75. The cannabis oil for vaping according to claim 74, wherein the distillate is further cut with a terpene.

76. A cannabis vaping oil comprising a cannabis concentrate and a carrier oil selected from the group consisting of a d-limonene, Citrus sinensis, b-myrcene, Pinus sylvestris, Abies siberica, Abies balsamea, Juniperus communis, lemon Lime Flavor, peppermint oil and any combination thereof.

77. The cannabis oil according to claim 76, further comprising medium chain triglycerides (MC1).

78. A cartridge component of an electronic vaping device, comprising a liquid reservoir containing the cannabis oil of any one of claims 1 to 77.

79. The cartridge of claim 78, comprising a vapor outlet at a first end and a thread at an opposing end of the cartridge.

80. The cartridge of claim 79, the thread being configured for mating with a corresponding thread on an end of an elongated body portion of the vaping device for coupling the cartridge to the elongated body portion.

81. The cartridge of claim 80, the elongated body portion of the vaping device including a power supply.

82. The cartridge of any one of claims 78 to 81, wherein the thread is a 510 thread.

83. The cartridge of any one of claims 78 to 82, wherein the liquid reservoir includes at least a portion which is made of medical grade glass.

84. The cartridge of any one of claims 78 to 83, wherein the vapor outlet includes a mouthpiece.

85. The cartridge of claim 84, wherein the mouthpiece includes metal, ceramic, wood, or a combination thereof.

86. Method of manufacturing cannabis vaping oil suitable for use in a vaping device, the vaping device being configured for using a vaping oil having a viscosity at room temperature below a threshold, and the vaping device further being configured to heat the vaping oil at a vaporization temperature at which one or more cannabinoids in the vaping oil vaporize, the method comprising:
a) providing a cannabis concentrate having a viscosity at room temperature which is above the threshold, the cannabis concentrate having a flash point above the vaporization temperature;
b) providing an additive having a viscosity below the threshold at room temperature and a flash point below the vaporization temperature; and c) diluting the cannabis concentrate with an additive to form a mixture, wherein the proportions of cannabis concentrate and additive are selected such that the mixture has a viscosity below the threshold and a flash point equal to or above the vaporization temperature.