CA3020210A1 - Aerodynamic regulation of airscrew, fan and wind turbine blades with bores and/or cutting and/or notching - Google Patents
Aerodynamic regulation of airscrew, fan and wind turbine blades with bores and/or cutting and/or notching Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA3020210A1 CA3020210A1 CA3020210A CA3020210A CA3020210A1 CA 3020210 A1 CA3020210 A1 CA 3020210A1 CA 3020210 A CA3020210 A CA 3020210A CA 3020210 A CA3020210 A CA 3020210A CA 3020210 A1 CA3020210 A1 CA 3020210A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- blades
- notch
- blade
- airscrew
- tip
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/06—Rotors
- F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
- F03D1/0633—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/20—Specially-shaped blade tips to seal space between tips and stator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
- F04D29/38—Blades
- F04D29/384—Blades characterised by form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C11/00—Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
- B64C11/16—Blades
- B64C11/18—Aerodynamic features
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/20—Rotors
- F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
- F05B2240/307—Blade tip, e.g. winglets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/20—Rotors
- F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
- F05D2240/307—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor related to the tip of a rotor blade
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/10—Two-dimensional
- F05D2250/18—Two-dimensional patterned
- F05D2250/182—Two-dimensional patterned crenellated, notched
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
Axial airplane airscrew, fan, and wind turbine blade of low loading characterised by the aspect ratio of the blades is low; near to the wide blade ends, but in an appropriate distance a notch is formed in the tip of each blade, which extends between a pressure side and a suction side, and a channel leading to the notch formed through the body of the blade between said sides. The distance between the notch and the tip of the blade changes in the diameter of the blades from 1.2 % to 1.67 % along the length of the notch. When being operated, the air flowing through this aperture eliminates the turbulence formed at the end of the blades. Resonant vibrations occurring on the blades and the turbines are also reduced, which extends the lifetime of the blades.
Description
Title:
Aerodynamic Regulation of Airscrew, Fan and Wind Turbine Blades with Bores and/or Cutting and/or Notching The subject of the invention The pressure distribution of airscrew, fan, and wind turbine blades, and by this the determination of flow characteristics are solved by means of linking the areas of different pressure (low and high) on the blades with bores and/or cutting and/or notching.
The original pressure characteristics are changed due to the flow resulting from the pressure difference in the bores, cuts or notches. These changes are of such nature that on the blades (from a physical and technical point of view) the emergence of unfavourable turbulences is reduced or eliminated. The solution can be used on tools of any desired size.
One way for realisation is when close to the end of the blade, but on a point which is in an appropriate distance from it, a cut of appropriate width and almost parallel to the end of the blade can be shaped. The air flowing through this aperture eliminates the air turbulence otherwise occurring on the end of the blades.
Summary of the invention Axial airplane airscrew, fan, and wind turbine blade of low loading characterised by the fact that the aspect ratio of the airscrew, fan and wind turbine blades is low; near to the wide blade ends, but in an appropriate distance an aperture of appropriate length and width almost parallel to the side of the blade end is formed, which connects the surfaces of lower and higher pressure. When being operated, the air flowing through this aperture eliminates the turbulence formed at the end of the blades.
With regards to diameter, the choice of the distribution of strings on the airscrew blade (its blade width) caused problems in case of adapting a huge performance, as well as there was a need to form wide blade ends. The losses resulting from the circular flow of the blade ends were, however, increased dramatically.
In case of adapting wide blade ends, the invention uses the phenomenon known from physics as interference, more precisely whirl interference to reduce or eliminate the loss of potential resulting from the circular flow of the blade ends tips on the airscrew.
A whirl of contrary direction and of equal angular momentum (or impulse momentum) is induced at the ends of the airscrew blades, which by this eliminates or significantly reduces the whirls appearing at the end of wide blades and causing losses.
As a result of this, a tractive force evolves on the airscrews and the range of action of the aircraft as well as the time spent on flying can be increased.
Its application is also recommended on wind turbine rotor blades.
If applied, it reduces the resonant vibrations occurring on the blades and the turbines, and thus extending their lifetime significantly. Using aerodynamic braking the forming of the pivoting tip is more effective and less vibrating. The blade edges are working as slotted flaps.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided blades for an airscrew, fan, or wind turbine having wide blade tips for use in an axial flow rotor stage, having a body with pressure and suction surfaces on opposite sides of the blade, a span extending between a root and a tip and a chord extending between a leading edge and a trailing edge, wherein there is a notch formed in the tip of the blade, which extends between the pressure and suction sides, and a channel leading to the notch on the pressure side formed through the body of the blade between said pressure and suction surfaces, and wherein the distance between the notch and the tip of the blade changes in the diameter of the blades from 1.2% to 1.67%
along the length of the notch.
In one embodiment, the notch for ensuring strength is divided into sections with small interruptions.
In another embodiment, the notch is approximately 60% of the length of the tip of the blade.
In yet another embodiment, the width of the notch is 3.53 % of the length of the notch.
In a further embodiment, the root of the notch is formed near the trailing edge.
Brief Description of the Drawings The embodiments of the invention are described having regard to the drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a top perspective view of blades according to one embodiment, in which feature A is shown in an enlarged view;
Figure 2 is a top plan view of the blades of Figure 1, in which features A and B are shown in enlarged views;
Figure 3 is a bottom perspective view of the blades of Figure 1, in which feature A is shown in an enlarged view; and Figure 4 is a bottom plan view of the blades of Figure 1, in which a cross-sectional view taken along lines A-A is shown.
Aerodynamic Regulation of Airscrew, Fan and Wind Turbine Blades with Bores and/or Cutting and/or Notching The subject of the invention The pressure distribution of airscrew, fan, and wind turbine blades, and by this the determination of flow characteristics are solved by means of linking the areas of different pressure (low and high) on the blades with bores and/or cutting and/or notching.
The original pressure characteristics are changed due to the flow resulting from the pressure difference in the bores, cuts or notches. These changes are of such nature that on the blades (from a physical and technical point of view) the emergence of unfavourable turbulences is reduced or eliminated. The solution can be used on tools of any desired size.
One way for realisation is when close to the end of the blade, but on a point which is in an appropriate distance from it, a cut of appropriate width and almost parallel to the end of the blade can be shaped. The air flowing through this aperture eliminates the air turbulence otherwise occurring on the end of the blades.
Summary of the invention Axial airplane airscrew, fan, and wind turbine blade of low loading characterised by the fact that the aspect ratio of the airscrew, fan and wind turbine blades is low; near to the wide blade ends, but in an appropriate distance an aperture of appropriate length and width almost parallel to the side of the blade end is formed, which connects the surfaces of lower and higher pressure. When being operated, the air flowing through this aperture eliminates the turbulence formed at the end of the blades.
With regards to diameter, the choice of the distribution of strings on the airscrew blade (its blade width) caused problems in case of adapting a huge performance, as well as there was a need to form wide blade ends. The losses resulting from the circular flow of the blade ends were, however, increased dramatically.
In case of adapting wide blade ends, the invention uses the phenomenon known from physics as interference, more precisely whirl interference to reduce or eliminate the loss of potential resulting from the circular flow of the blade ends tips on the airscrew.
A whirl of contrary direction and of equal angular momentum (or impulse momentum) is induced at the ends of the airscrew blades, which by this eliminates or significantly reduces the whirls appearing at the end of wide blades and causing losses.
As a result of this, a tractive force evolves on the airscrews and the range of action of the aircraft as well as the time spent on flying can be increased.
Its application is also recommended on wind turbine rotor blades.
If applied, it reduces the resonant vibrations occurring on the blades and the turbines, and thus extending their lifetime significantly. Using aerodynamic braking the forming of the pivoting tip is more effective and less vibrating. The blade edges are working as slotted flaps.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided blades for an airscrew, fan, or wind turbine having wide blade tips for use in an axial flow rotor stage, having a body with pressure and suction surfaces on opposite sides of the blade, a span extending between a root and a tip and a chord extending between a leading edge and a trailing edge, wherein there is a notch formed in the tip of the blade, which extends between the pressure and suction sides, and a channel leading to the notch on the pressure side formed through the body of the blade between said pressure and suction surfaces, and wherein the distance between the notch and the tip of the blade changes in the diameter of the blades from 1.2% to 1.67%
along the length of the notch.
In one embodiment, the notch for ensuring strength is divided into sections with small interruptions.
In another embodiment, the notch is approximately 60% of the length of the tip of the blade.
In yet another embodiment, the width of the notch is 3.53 % of the length of the notch.
In a further embodiment, the root of the notch is formed near the trailing edge.
Brief Description of the Drawings The embodiments of the invention are described having regard to the drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a top perspective view of blades according to one embodiment, in which feature A is shown in an enlarged view;
Figure 2 is a top plan view of the blades of Figure 1, in which features A and B are shown in enlarged views;
Figure 3 is a bottom perspective view of the blades of Figure 1, in which feature A is shown in an enlarged view; and Figure 4 is a bottom plan view of the blades of Figure 1, in which a cross-sectional view taken along lines A-A is shown.
2 The development state of the technology The elaborator of the most modern theory on airscrews so far is Sydney Goldstein, who took into consideration the circulation on the airscrew blades serving the ascensional force, as well as by assuming a constant circulation the effect of whirling strings of spiral shape leaving the end tips of the airscrew blades.
[Goldstein, Sydney. (1929). On the Vortex Theory of Screw Propeller.
Proceedings of The Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 123. 440-465.
10.1098/rspa.1929.0078.1 Goldstein solved the task of potential theory defining the velocity distribution by a lightly loaded airscrew of two, three and four blades.
From a practical point of view, the result of the theory appears in a corrective factor, which mainly phrases the loss of potential resulting from the circular flow of the blade end tips on the airscrew.
With regards to diameter, the choice of the distribution of strings on the airscrew blade (its blade width) caused problems in case of adapting a huge performance, as well as there was a need to form wide blade ends. The losses resulting from the circular flow of the blade ends were, however, increased dramatically.
In case of adapting wide blade ends, the invention uses the phenomenon known from physics as interference, more precisely whirl interference to reduce or eliminate the loss of potential resulting from the circular flow of the blade ends tips on the airscrew.
A whirl of contrary direction and of equal angular momentum (or impulse momentum) is induced at the ends of the airscrew blades, which by this eliminates or significantly reduces the whirls appearing at the end of wide blades and causing losses.
As a result of this, a tractive force evolves on the airscrews and the range of action of the aircraft as well as the time spent on flying can be increased.
Its application is also recommended on wind turbine rotor blades.
If applied, it reduces the resonant vibrations occurring on the blades and the turbines, and thus extending their lifetime significantly. Using aerodynamic braking the forming of the pivoting tip is more effective and less vibrating. The blade edges are working as slotted flaps.
[Goldstein, Sydney. (1929). On the Vortex Theory of Screw Propeller.
Proceedings of The Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 123. 440-465.
10.1098/rspa.1929.0078.1 Goldstein solved the task of potential theory defining the velocity distribution by a lightly loaded airscrew of two, three and four blades.
From a practical point of view, the result of the theory appears in a corrective factor, which mainly phrases the loss of potential resulting from the circular flow of the blade end tips on the airscrew.
With regards to diameter, the choice of the distribution of strings on the airscrew blade (its blade width) caused problems in case of adapting a huge performance, as well as there was a need to form wide blade ends. The losses resulting from the circular flow of the blade ends were, however, increased dramatically.
In case of adapting wide blade ends, the invention uses the phenomenon known from physics as interference, more precisely whirl interference to reduce or eliminate the loss of potential resulting from the circular flow of the blade ends tips on the airscrew.
A whirl of contrary direction and of equal angular momentum (or impulse momentum) is induced at the ends of the airscrew blades, which by this eliminates or significantly reduces the whirls appearing at the end of wide blades and causing losses.
As a result of this, a tractive force evolves on the airscrews and the range of action of the aircraft as well as the time spent on flying can be increased.
Its application is also recommended on wind turbine rotor blades.
If applied, it reduces the resonant vibrations occurring on the blades and the turbines, and thus extending their lifetime significantly. Using aerodynamic braking the forming of the pivoting tip is more effective and less vibrating. The blade edges are working as slotted flaps.
3
Claims (5)
1. Blades for an airscrew, fan, or wind turbine having wide blade tips for use in an axial flow rotor stage, having a body with pressure and suction surfaces on opposite sides of each blade, a span extending between a root and a tip and a chord extending between a leading edge and a trailing edge, wherein there is a notch formed in the tip of each blade, which extends between the pressure and suction side, and a channel leading to the notch, on the pressure side, formed through the body of the blade between said pressure and suction surfaces, and wherein the distance between the notch and the tip of the blade changes in the diameter of the blades from 1.2 % to 1.67 % along the length of the notch.
2. Blades as claimed in claim 1 wherein the notch, for ensuring strength, is divided into sections with small interruptions.
3. Blades as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein the length of the notch is approximately 60% of the length of the tip of the blade.
4. Blades as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the width of the notch is 3.53 % of the length of the notch.
5. Blades as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein a root of the notch is formed near the trailing edge.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA3020210A CA3020210C (en) | 2018-10-10 | 2018-10-10 | Aerodynamic regulation of airscrew, fan and wind turbine blades with bores and/or cutting and/or notching |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA3020210A CA3020210C (en) | 2018-10-10 | 2018-10-10 | Aerodynamic regulation of airscrew, fan and wind turbine blades with bores and/or cutting and/or notching |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA3020210A1 true CA3020210A1 (en) | 2020-04-10 |
| CA3020210C CA3020210C (en) | 2021-08-17 |
Family
ID=70155994
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA3020210A Active CA3020210C (en) | 2018-10-10 | 2018-10-10 | Aerodynamic regulation of airscrew, fan and wind turbine blades with bores and/or cutting and/or notching |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA3020210C (en) |
-
2018
- 2018-10-10 CA CA3020210A patent/CA3020210C/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA3020210C (en) | 2021-08-17 |
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