CA2998020C - Health monitoring excreta pad - Google Patents

Abstract

Technology is disclosed for an excreta pad that can diagnose medical conditions in pets or humans. The excreta pad contains an additive, e.g., a chemical agent, such as a natural and/or synthetic agent, that changes in color when it comes in contact with a subject's urine or feces. Based on the color it can be determined whether the subject has a medical condition, such as particular illness. For example, if the pad turns yellow when it comes in contact with the urine, it can indicate that the subject is healthy. If the pad turns to a color other than yellow, e.g., green, it can indicate that the subject has some illness. The subject may then visit a veterinary doctor for further diagnosis. The chemical agent aids in detection and diagnosis through interaction of materials that change colors to indicate reactions with specific chemicals, cells, molecules, DNA and/or materials.

Description

HEALTH MONITORING EXCRETA PAD
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Several of the disclosed embodiments relate to health monitoring using sensory technology and materials science, and more specifically, to a color-changing particle that facilitates identifying specific medical conditions, such as for detection and eventual diagnosis.
BACKGROUND

[0002] Current testing methods use color changing pH strips to test for urinary anomalies. Some use additives that are mixed into compositions in order to add the ability to change color for detecting glucose levels. However, the testing capabilities of the current pads are limited. For example, current pet excreta methods are restricted to facilitating testing of Urinary Tract Disorder or Diabetes in urine. They also do not facilitate testing of feces. In addition, they do not facilitate testing for illnesses that can be passed on to humans, such as toxoplasmosis, which affects children, pregnant women and people with weak immune systems.
Furthermore, these methods use cost-prohibitive materials not conducive to mass production, produce too many false-positives and false-negatives and some of these methods have expiration dates on their product.
SUMMARY

[0003] Embodiments are disclosed for a sensory technology and material science that aids in detection and diagnosis through interaction of materials that change colors to indicate reactions with specific chemicals, cells, molecules, DNA, components and/or materials. The technology can be implemented for various purposes, e.g., medical diagnosis ¨ for humans and/or animals. In some embodiments, the technology can be implemented in an excreta pad for diagnosing pet (e.g., feline or canine) illnesses and other medical conditions. An excreta pad contains one or more additives or materials, e.g., natural and/or synthetic, that changes in colors when it comes in contact with urine or feces. Based on the color it can be determined whether the subject has any illness or other medical condition.
For example, the pad may include absorbent material that is white in color. If the absorbent pad turns yellow when it comes in contact with the urine, it can indicate that the subject is healthy. However, if the pad turns to a color other than yellow, e.g., green, orange, it can indicate that the subject has some illness. The subject can then be taken to a doctor for further diagnosis. In some embodiments, the pad changes the color due to existence or non-existence of one or more constituents in excreta.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0004] FIG. 1A and 1B show example particles of a plurality of like particles (not shown) that can form an additive to an excreta pad in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology.

[0005] FIG. 2 is an illustrative example of a pet excreta pad.

[0006] FIG. 3 is an illustrative representation of layered construction of an excreta pad.

[0007] FIG. 4 is an illustrative embodiment of an imitation grass pet excreta pad.

[0008] FIG. 5A and 5B are pictorial of an examples of an incontinence or menstrual pad, along with a diaper in accordance with various embodiments.

[0009] FIG. 6 is a pictorial of an example illustrating a color change in

[0010] Excreta pad indicating an illness, in accordance with various embodiments.

[0011] FIG. 7 is an example illustrating a significance of various colors that may occur in a chemical agent when in contact with a subject's waste, in accordance with various embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] Embodiments are disclosed for a sensory technology and material science that aids in detection and diagnosis through interaction of materials that change colors to indicate reactions with specific chemicals, cells, molecules, DNA, components and/or materials. The technology can be implemented for various purposes, e.g., medical diagnosis ¨ for humans and/or animals. In some embodiments, the sensory technology can be used to create one or more chemical agents that can be placed on and mixed with a variety of different materials, both synthetic and natural, that when interacting with another chemical compound, e.g., a chemical compound that is being tested, can change in to a specific color.
This change in color can be used to detect a specified characteristic of the chemical compound being tested. In some embodiments, the change in color can be due to an existence or non-existence of a set of constituents in the chemical compound corresponding to a medical condition.

[0013] In some embodiments, the technology can be implemented in an excreta pad for monitoring and/or diagnosing feline illnesses and other medical conditions. Excreta pads are configured for use with pets (e.g., dogs and cats) or with humans. In pet embodiments, the excreta pad is often a type of mat that is placed out and the pet is trained to use the pad as a toilet either by location or style of pad. In human usable embodiments, the excreta pad takes the form of diapers, underwear, incontinent pads, upholstery covers and/or sheets.

[0014] An excreta pad contains one or more additives, e.g., natural and/or synthetic, that change in colors when they come in contact with urine or feces of the subject. The additives changes in color when encountering diseases, illnesses, and/or other medical conditions in the urine or feces of a mammal. Based on the color it can be determined what conditions the subject has. For example, absorbent material of the pad can be white in color. If the pad turns yellow when it comes in contact with the urine or feces, it can indicate that the subject is healthy.
However, if the pad turns to a color other than yellow, e.g., green, orange, this indicates that the subject has some illness, while another color, e.g., red, dark pink, purple, can indicate that the subject has a medical condition other than an illness, such as pregnancy. The subject can then be taken to a doctor for further diagnosis.
In some embodiments, the chemical agent embedded within the pad is made such that it turns to the color of the urine if the subject does not have any illness or other medical condition.

[0015] FIG. 1A shows an example of a section of an excreta pad in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology. As shown, the particle 50 includes a base material 55 and one or more first additives 57a that are combined with the base material 55. In some embodiments, the base material 55 can include quilted fabric, synthetic grass, or substrate fabric. In some embodiments, the base material 55 is substantially neutral in pH. The base material 55 includes pores or is not resistant to liquids. In some cases, the additives 57a are positioned on the surface of the base material 55. The additives 57a can be substantially or completely embedded within the base material (e.g., via adhesive, thread binding, force fit/friction, positioned between layers, encapsulation, etc.).

[0016] The additives can include, for example, Bromothymol Blue to detect pH; (2) Diisopropylbenzene Dihydroperoxide to detect Blood; (3) Tetrabromphenol Blue to detect Protein; and (4) Glucose Oxidase to detect Glucose. In addition or alternately, the additives 57a can include other additives, as described below.

[0017] In use, the first additives 57a can react with constituents in the subject's excreta, including urine and fecal material. In some embodiments, the pore size of the base material 55 can be selected such that the urine can at least partially evaporate from the pad 50 through the pores over time, yet still reside within the pore for sufficient time so as to facilitate chemical interactions between the constituents in the urine and the first additives 57a before complete or substantial evaporation.

Date Recue/Date Received 2021-07-02

[0018] In some embodiments, the additives 57a include a dye or release a dye once reacted. In some embodiments, the additives comprise a capsule that contains dye. The capsule dissolves in the presence of certain constituents of excreta indicative of a given medical condition. The dye is absorbed by the base .. material 55 and causes the base material 55 to be dyed by the additive 57a.

[0019] FIG. 1B shows an example of a second embodiment of a section of an excreta pad 60 in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology.
The second embodied pad 60 can be similar in some aspects to the pad 50 described above with reference to Fig. 1A. However, the pad 60 further includes one or more second additives 57b positioned interspersed with the first additives 57a on the base material 55. In some embodiments, the first and second additives 57a and 57b can be held to the surface 68 of the base material 55 via surface interactions with the exterior surface and/or areas of the pores (not shown) adjacent the exterior surface. In some embodiments, a coating or membrane 63 (e.g., a cellulose or other suitable membrane or spray coating) can facilitate binding of the first and second additives 57a and 57b to the base material 55.

[0020] In some embodiments, the first and second additives 57a and 57b can both react with constituents in the subject's excreta. For example, in certain embodiments the second additives 57b can detect a first type medical condition (e.g., a first type of illness) with a corresponding color change, as further described below. The first additives 57a can detect a different type of medical condition (e.g., a second type of illness), as described below. In these and other embodiments, the membrane 63 can be configured to have a selected porosity to allow for the flow of fluid (e.g., urine) therethrough so as to allow for interaction between the constituents in the urine and the first additives 57a. Further, the membrane 63 can dissolve in the presence of certain analytes.

[0021] In certain embodiments, the pad 60 can be configured to perform a discrete (e.g., micro-scale) flow assay, akin to a lateral flow assay. For example, the second additives 57b can include color particles (e.g., nano- or micro-particles) Date Recue/Date Received 2021-07-02 that are conjugated for a target analyte, and the first additives 57a can include an anti-target analyte configured to capture conjugated color particles. In some embodiments, the target analyte can be relaxin, which can be indicative of pregnancy in felines. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that in certain cases repeated exposure to urine and evaporation thereof over an extended time period (e.g., several days or weeks) could provide sufficient time for a detectable interaction with relaxin in urine and the additives 57a and 57b.

[0022] In addition to or in lieu of detecting relaxin in urine, relaxin can also be detected in blood. The second additives 57b can include, for example, colloidal __ gold nanoparticles and latex microspheres, which may be configured to appear as, e.g., red, dark pink, purple, blue, or other colors when a target analyte is detected.
In some of these embodiments, the particle 60 can include a material membrane that is configured to dissolve to facilitate release of the conjugated nano-or micro-particles for adsorption into the pores of the base material 55 when exposed to __ urine.

[0023] In various embodiments, the additives in the excreta pad can be a mixture with a certain concentration by weight of the additives 57a and 57b.
For example, in some embodiments, the mixture of each of additive types can be 50/50, while in other embodiments, the excreta pad can include a greater concentration (up to 100% concentration) of the former particle type or a lesser concentration (e.g., 0%). In additional or alternate embodiments, the excreta pad can include a mixture of different types of the particle 50 shown in Fig. 1A
with certain particles having one type of additive to detect the presence or absence of certain constituents and another particle with a different type of additive to detect __ the presence or absence of other types of constituents.

Date Recue/Date Received 2021-07-02

[0024] In use, the excreta pad can help pet owners in taking care of their pets' health by testing for medical conditions, such as illnesses, in both urine and feces.
The excreta pad can indicate various illnesses (examples of which are described below), including toxoplasmosis, and illness that can affect humans too. In some embodiments, the margin for false-positives and false-negatives is none to minimum.

[0025] In one aspect of the technology, the excreta pad can absorb liquid and/or odor, e.g., of the subject's waste, within a specified period from the time the pad comes in contact with the waste. In some embodiments, the chemical agents in the excreta pad are made such that the liquid and odor are absorbed almost instantaneously. Further, the excreta pad is made such that the liquid evaporates from the pad and the odor is still locked in.

[0026] Some of the elements that the excreta pad test for include, but not limited to:
Urinary Elements = Urine Specific Gravity: If <1.020 ¨ low USG can indicate a potential kidney disease (66% loss of renal function) or endocrine disorders affecting the urine concentrating ability of the kidney = Glucose: Diabetes Mellitus = Bilirubin: Liver disease, cholestasis, hemolysis = White Blood Cells: kidney/bladder infection/inflammation = Red Blood Cells: kidney/bladder infection/inflammation = Crystals: Struvite/ CaOx , crystaluria (crystals in urine) detection = Protein: renal disease, hypertension, amyloidosis, etc.
= Ketones: ketoacidosis = pH detection: Urinary anomalies or related illnesses Feces Elements, e.g., that relate to parasitism:
= Toxoplasmosis = Round worms = Hook worms = Tape worms = Giardia = Cryptosporidium

[0027] FIG. 2 is an illustrative example of a pet excreta pad 70. The pet excreta pad 70 is placed on the floor and animals are taught itis location and its use as a toilet. The pet excreta pad 70 is functional with both small pets 72 and larger pets 74. The pet excreta pad having 70 includes a plurality of material layers to retain fluids and solid material; while preventing passage therethrough.
The top layer serves as the absorbent material with the bottom layer forming a fluid impermeable layer to prevent passage of liquids.

[0028] In some embodiments, the underside of the bottom layer includes a plurality of adhesive or frictional members to prevent movement from the selective placement of the pad. Optionally, a fragrance layer can be incorporated into the pad between the fluid impermeable base layer and the top absorbent layer to attract pets to the pad. In some embodiments, the pet excreta pad 70 includes a smell blocking layer to neutralize the odor of the excreta.

[0029] FIG. 3 is an illustrative representation of layered construction of an pet excreta pad 70. The pet excreta pad 70 has a number of layers. The construction of the pet excreta pad 70 includes a number of optional layers as well.
Starting from the top there is a porous, but tear resistant layer 76. The tear resistant layer 76 enables liquids to pass through, but is resistant to claws so that pets do not rip up the layers and create an unnecessary mess of excreta caught in other layers.
The pore of the tear resistant layer 76 further enable evaporation of water content of excreta.

[0030] The pet excreta pad 70 further includes a quilted or absorbent layer 78.
The quilted layer 78 is configured to absorb excreta and additive dye. The additive layer 80 is adjacent to the quilted layer 78. In some embodiments the additive layer 80 is integrated as a single layer with the quilted layer 78. The additive layer positions and secures the additives 57 adjacent to the quilted layer 78. In this manner, the additives 57 come in contact with excreta absorbed into the quilted layer and react. When reacting the additives 57 release dye into the quilted layer 78. The dye alters the color of the quilted layer 78 in order to indicate illness or other medical conditions.

[0031] Below the additive layer 80, is an odor layer 82. The odor layer may release odor to attract pets to the excreta pad 70, and/or mask/neutralize odor of absorbed excreta. Below the odor layer 82 is the leak resistant layer 84. The leak resistant layer 84 is made of plastic or rubber and prevents excreta from leaking through the excreta pad 70.

[0032] FIG. 4 is an illustrative embodiment of an imitation grass pet excreta pad 86. The imitation grass pet excreta pad 86 includes two primary layers, a grass layer 88 and a containment layer 90. The grass layer 88 has a composition resembling that of a natural outside environment, such as grass for example and can, itself, comprise multiple layers. In some embodiments, the grass layer 88 comprises artificial grass-like fibers made from an absorbent/semi-absorbent blen of any off cotton, nylon, polyester, muslin, or vinyl blend made stiff with compounds such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polymethylpentene, polybutene-1, polyisobutylene, ethylene propylene rubber, and ethylene propylene diene Monomer rubber material. The stiffening compound may be constructed as a grass blade root, with the absorbent/semi-absorbent cloth as a frill. The grass fibers themselves include embedded additives 57. Excreta contacting the grass fibers reacts with the embedded additives 57. The embedded additives 57 dye the absorbent portions of the grass blades.

[0033] The containment layer 90 collects and stores excreta until emptied.

[0034] The first layer can also comprise a backing material further comprising a mesh substrate, a meshed backing material, and a binder material.

[0035] The excreta pads disclosed herein 50, 60, 70, 86 are monitored, e.g., according to a specified frequency, to check the color of absorbent material related .. to the pad after use. If the color of the portion of the absorbent material that is in contact with the subject's waste is the same color as the urine, then the subject is normal. If the color of the pad is different from that of the urine, then the subject may have some illness or other medical condition.

[0036] Solid waste is removed from the pad and the pad can be mixed .. thoroughly to avoid saturating the same point, e.g., the point from which the waste is removed. After a specified period, e.g., a month, the pad may be thrown away and replaced. In some embodiments, the pad is thoroughly emptied and rinsed more often and reused. After a specified period, the additives will deplete and the pad is replaced.

[0037] FIG. 5A is a pictorial of an example of an incontinence/menstrual pad 92, in accordance with various embodiments. The pad 92 is intended to be used by humans and may be worn under clothing or placed below a subject in a seated or prone position. The pad 92 includes an absorbent layer 94 and a leak prevention layer 96. In some embodiments, additives 57 are embedded in the absorbent layer 94. In some embodiments, the additives 57 are positioned below the absorbent layer 94 to provide separation from the subject's skin and/or provide additional physical support in the construction of the pad 92 for the additives 57. The pad 92 is thrown away after each use.

[0038] FIG. 5B is a pictorial representation of a diaper 98, in accordance with various embodiments. The diaper 98 works functionally similarly to the incontinence/menstrual pad 92.

[0039] FIG. 6 is a pictorial of an example 600 illustrating a color change in the excreta pad indicating an illness, consistent with various embodiments. In the example 600, the portion of the pad that is contact with the subject urine has turned into a blue color, which can indicate an illness. As described earlier, if the color is same color as the urine, then the subject is normal and if it is different than that of the urine, the subject can have a medical condition, such as an illness.
Although the examples illustrate that a yellow color (e.g., urine color) indicates healthy urine and other colors indicate an illness in the subject, the above colors are just illustrative and various other colors can be used to indicate normal or abnormal conditions. Further, the color of the excreta pad, e.g., unused pad, can also be any of a variety of colors.

[0040] FIG. 7 is an example 700 illustrating a significance of various colors that may occur in a chemical agent when in contact with a subject's waste, consistent with various embodiments. The example 700 illustrates the various possible colors that might occur in a urine analysis dipstick, which includes chemical agents made using the sensory technology, when dipped into the subject's urine. For example, an orange color can indicate that the urine has a pH
of 5Ø In some embodiments, different tests have different read times, e.g., the dipstick has to be dipped for different periods for getting readings of different parameters.

[0041] The technology can be implemented in various forms other than the pad, and for both humans and animals. The materials used in this technology can efficiently, accurately and easily test for specific circumstances in both humans and animals in a painless and cost-efficient manner. The chemical agents prepared using the sensory technology can be used with various equipment, instruments, liquids, apparatus for detecting and diagnosing characteristics of chemical compounds in various forms. The chemical agents can be made using a variety of formulae, processes, technologies, e.g., sensory technology, and from natural and/or synthetic materials.

[0042] The embodiments can include a chemical formula utilizing sensory technology of both natural and synthetic materials that is able to change colors when testing for the existence of any organic or synthetic material and its corn ponents.

[0043] The embodiments can include a cat pad or a dog pad that can detect feline or canine illnesses in waste respectively by changing colors.

[0044] The embodiments can include a synthetic material that can change color when detecting specific chemicals, cells, molecules, DNA, components and/or materials. For example, a plastic bag that changes color when it detects illness in a dog's waste.

[0045] The embodiments can include a synthetic material that can be worn and changes color when detecting an illness. For example, a diaper that changes color when detecting illness in a person's urine or feces.

[0046] The embodiments can include a synthetic or natural material than can be worn and changes color when detecting sexually transmitted diseases. For example a color changing condom when in contact with an STD.

[0047] The embodiments can include a synthetic or natural material that can be used as a wipe against the body of a mammal to detect abnormalities or illnesses and change color as a result. For example, a wipe to respond to secondary infection in canines such as malassezia or verify the presence of fleas.

[0048] The embodiments can include a liquid that changes color when detecting specific chemicals, cells, molecules, DNA, components and/or materials.
For example, a skin lotion that changes color when it detects basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell cancers and/or melanoma. Or an additive to toilet water to detect anomalies or illnesses in human urine.

[0049] The embodiments can include an instrument that can be inserted into the ear of a mammal to test for sickness, illness or abnormalities by changing colors if detected. For example, a swap for canines to detect Pseudomonas Otitis in the ear.

[0050] The embodiments can include a compound that can be added to a strip and placed against the gums of a mammal that changes color of any disease is detected. For example, a test strip is rubbed along the gum line and within a short amount of time the strip changes color if thiol levels are present, indicating disease activity such as gingivitis or periodontitis.
Remarks

[0051] The above description and drawings are illustrative and are not to be construed as limiting. Numerous specific details are described to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosure. However, in certain instances, well-known details are not described in order to avoid obscuring the description.
Further, various modifications may be made without deviating from the scope of the embodiments. Accordingly, the embodiments are not limited except as by the appended claims.

[0052] Reference in this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the disclosure. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
Moreover, various features are described which may be exhibited by some embodiments and not by others. Similarly, various requirements are described which may be requirements for some embodiments but not for other embodiments.

[0053] The terms used in this specification generally have their ordinary meanings in the art, within the context of the disclosure, and in the specific context where each term is used. Certain terms that are used to describe the disclosure are discussed below, or elsewhere in the specification, to provide additional guidance to the practitioner regarding the description of the disclosure. For convenience, certain terms may be highlighted, for example using italics and/or quotation marks. The use of highlighting has no influence on the scope and meaning of a term; the scope and meaning of a term is the same, in the same context, whether or not it is highlighted. It will be appreciated that the same thing can be said in more than one way.

[0054]
Consequently, alternative language and synonyms may be used for any one or more of the terms discussed herein, nor is any special significance to be placed upon whether or not a term is elaborated or discussed herein.
Synonyms for certain terms are provided. A recital of one or more synonyms does not exclude the use of other synonyms. The use of examples anywhere in this specification including examples of any term discussed herein is illustrative only, and is not intended to further limit the scope and meaning of the disclosure or of any exemplified term. Likewise, the disclosure is not limited to various embodiments given in this specification.

[0055] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the logic illustrated in each of the flow diagrams discussed above, may be altered in various ways. For example, the order of the logic may be rearranged, substeps may be performed in parallel, illustrated logic may be omitted; other logic may be included, etc.

[0056] Without intent to further limit the scope of the disclosure, examples of instruments, apparatus, methods and their related results according to the embodiments of the present disclosure are given below. Note that titles or subtitles may be used in the examples for convenience of a reader, which in no way should limit the scope of the disclosure. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. In the case of conflict, the present document, including definitions will control.

Claims (21)

1. An excreta pad, comprising:
an absorbent pad material positioned on a top side of the excreta pad configured to collect excreta of a subject;
a protective base layer positioned on a bottom side of the excreta pad preventing leaks from the excreta pad; and additives that are positioned in contact with the absorbent pad material and react with excreta, wherein reacted additive causes a change in color of the collected excreta of the subject, and wherein the change in color is indicative of the existence of a medical condition in the subject, the additives including:
a first additive having color particles configured to a target analyte;
and a second additive having an anti-target analyte configured to capture the conjugated color particle.

2. The excreta pad of claim 1, further comprising:
An additive layer positioned between the absorbent pad layer and the protective base layer and configured to secure the additive in contact with the absorbent layer.

3. The excreta pad of claim 1, wherein the additives are embedded in the absorbent layer.

4. The excreta pad of claim 1 wherein the medical condition includes at least one of illness and pregnancy.

5. The excreta pad of claim 1 wherein the absorbent pad material is substantially neutral in pH.

Date Recue/Date Received 2021-07-02

6. The excreta pad of claim 1, wherein both the first and second additive are configured to react with the excreta.

7. The excreta pad of claim 1 wherein:
the medical condition includes pregnancy; and the target analyte is relaxin.

8. The excreta pad of claim 1 wherein the color particles are colloidal gold nanoparticles.

9. The excreta pad of claim 1 wherein the color particles are latex m icrospheres.

10. The excreta pad of claim 1 wherein the first additive is configured to turn into a first color indicating a first condition of the excreta.

11. The excreta pad of claim 10, wherein the first condition indicates an existence of a set of constituents in the excreta that is observed in a healthy mammal.

12. The excreta pad of claim 11, wherein the first additive includes chemical agents that cause the absorbent pad material to turn into a second color indicating a second condition of the collected excreta.

13. The excreta pad of claim 12, wherein the second condition indicates an existence of a set of constituents in the collected excreta that are observed in a given subject that is having an illness.

Date recue / Date received 2021-12-01

14. The excreta pad of claim 13, wherein the chemical agents include a synthetic substance.

15. The excreta pad of claim 13, wherein the chemical agents include a natural substance.

16. The excreta pad of claim 1, wherein the additive includes any of:
Bromothymol Blue;
Disopropylbenzene Dihydroperoxide;
Tetrabromphenol Blue; or Glucose Oxidase.

17. The excreta pad of claim 1, wherein the additive is a capsule that contains dye, and the capsule dissolves in the presence of certain constituents of excreta indicative of the medical condition.

18. The excreta pad of claim 1, wherein the absorbent pad material comprises a plurality of blades of synthetic grass.

19. A dog excreta pad, comprising:
a pad material; and reactant particles that are embedded within the pad material and react with constituents of dog excreta, reaction with dog excreta causes the reactant particles to dye the pad material a color indicating the existence of a medical condition in a dog, the reactant particles including:
a first particle type having color particles conjugated to a target analyte; and a second particle type having an anti-target analyte configured to capture the conjugated color particle.

Date Recue/Date Received 2021-07-02

20. The dog excreta pad of claim 19, wherein the reactant particles test for:
urine specific gravity;
glucose;
bilirubin;
white blood cells;
red blood cells;
crystals in urine;
protein;
Ketones;
pH;
toxoplasmosis;
round worms;
hook worms;
tape worms;
giardia; or cryptosporidium.

21. A method of testing pet excreta comprising:
receiving pet excreta on a pet excreta pad;
reacting, by additives embedded in the pet excreta pad, with the pet excreta; and in response to the reaction of the additives, dying, by the additives, the pet excreta pad a first color indicative of a first medical condition in a pet, wherein the additives include a first additive having color particles conjugated to a target analyte and a second additive having an anti-target analyte configured to capture the conjugated color particle.

Date Recue/Date Received 2021-07-02