CA2960552A1

CA2960552A1 - Multi-purpose additive for combustion engine

Info

Publication number: CA2960552A1
Application number: CA2960552A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Waseem Hussein Abdelkarim Mousa
Original assignee: Conscience Labs Corp
Current assignee: Conscience Labs Corp
Priority date: 2016-03-08
Filing date: 2017-03-08
Publication date: 2017-09-08
Also published as: CA2923043A1; WO2017152262A1

Abstract

An additive composition for use with combustion engines, said composition comprising: a concentrate comprising an admixture of an alkali; water; and at least one alcohol; and a solvent. Methods of use are also included.

Description

MULTI PURPOSE ADDITIVE FOR COMBUSTION ENGINE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new additive which can be added to all types of vehicle combustion engines as well as equipment, hydraulic pumps and transmissions in addition to gasoline fuel and biodiesel (from wasted engine and food oil).
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Fuel efficiency of new engines is gaining importance from both an economic and an environemental perspective especially when fuel prices are on the rise. [fan engine can run longer on a smaller amount of fuel, this will save the consumer money. It also becomes important that the maximum amount of energy be utilized from every gallon of fuel. One way to achieve better efficiency and power is through the use of engine-cleaning fuel additives in a vehicle's fuel.
Engine oil (also known as motor oil) has two primary purposes: to lubricate the moving parts of the vehicle's engine which minimizes friction and to protect metallic surfaces from corrosion (i.e. rust). Oil additives are added to engine oil to achieve these purposes. The most important of these engine oil additives are viscosity index improvers (VIls).
.20 The viscosity of oil is more or less equivalent to its thickness, its willingness to flow freely through the engine and coat all the parts that need coating. Oil with too high viscosity will be reluctant to flow and will gum up the works; oil with too low viscosity will flow through the engine like water, not sticking around long enough to do its job. Furthermore, the viscosity of oil changes with temperature, becoming more viscous when cold and less viscous when hot, so viscosity is affected by both the weather and how warm the engine is.
The tendency of the viscosity of the oil to change with temperature is called its viscosity index and viscosity index improvers are used to adjust this index to make the change in viscosity small enough throughout the car's normal range of temperatures that the oil will be useful whether the car is just being started on a winter morning or driven at engine temperatures of over 200 degrees Fahrenheit (933 degrees Celsius).
Oil additives are chemical compounds that improve the lubricant performance of base oil (or oil "base stock"). The manufacturer of many different oils can utilize the same base stock for each formulation and can choose different additives for each specific application. Additives comprise up to 5% by weight of , some oils.
Oil additives are vital for the proper lubrication and prolong use of motor oil in modern internal combustion engines. Without many of these, the oil would become contaminated, breakdown, leak out, or not properly protecting in parts at all operating temperatures. Just as important are additives for oils used inside gearboxes, automatic transmissions, and bearings. Some of the most important additives include those used for viscosity and lubricity, contaminant control, for the control of chemical breakdown, and for seal conditioning. Some lubricant additives have significantly decreased performance under severe conditions, such as extreme pressures and temperatures and high levels of contamination.
Nearly all commercial motor oils contain additives, whether the oil synthetic or petroleum based.
The choice of additives is determined by the application, e.g. the oil for a diesel engine with direct injection in a pickup truck (API Service CJ-4) has different additives than the oil used in a small gasoline-powered outboard motor on a boat (2-cycle engine oil).
A drawback of prior art and conventional engine oil additives is that different additives are needed for different kind of equipment and thus a multitude of additives with individual and specific use need to be manufactured separately. Examples of such products include, gasoline fuel additive in separate can, independent engine oil additive, engine cleaner in specific can, etc among other additives. This creates confusion amongst the customers who therefore sometimes use different engine oil additive for different application, thus affecting the functionality and efficiency of engine. This leads to severe economic loss and stress to the consumers. Also, the different required additives add to the cost of maintaining the engine.
Therefore, there is a clear need to provide a multipurpose additive which can be used for both kinds of vehicle engines, whether diesel or gasoline ones, via an engine oil supplemented with the engine oil additive.
The present invention seeks to solve a long standing need for a single multipurpose additive which can be used for all types of vehicle engines and equipment.
The present invention relates to a new additive which can be added to all types of vehicle engines as well as equipment, hydraulic pumps and transmissions in addition to gasoline fuel and biodiesel (from wasted engine and food oi4. It can also be added to diesel fuel from crude oil. To the inventor's knowledge there is no such one additive capable and adapted to fulfill these purposes together.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

2 It is, therefore, one aspect of the disclosed embodiment to provide an additive which can be added to all types of vehicle engines as well as equipment, hydraulic pumps and transmissions in addition to gasoline fuel and biodiesel (from wasted engine and food oil). Also it can be added to diesel fuel from crude oil.
The present invention is directed to a novel composition for use as an additive in fuel or engine oil.
It is another aspect of the disclosed embodiment to provide a composition which also enhances the viscosity of engine oil.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an engine oil additive comprising an admixture of an alkaline solution; and an alcoholic solution, where in the alkaline solution and alcoholic solution are mixed at a temperature not exceeding 25 C.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an additive composition for use with combustion engines, said composition comprising:
- a concentrate comprising an admixture of an alkali; water; and at least one alcohol; and - a solvent.
Preferably, the alkali is potassium hydroxide. Preferably, the content of the alkali ranges from about 1 to about 10% by volume of the concentrate. More preferably, the content of the alkali is about 4% by .volume of the concentrate.
Also preferably, the content of the at least one alcohol ranges from about 80 to about 98% by volume of the concentrate. More preferably, the content of the at least one alcohol is about 92% by volume of the concentrate.
Also preferably, the content of water ranges from about 1 to about 10% by volume of the concentrate. More preferably, the content of water is about 4% by volume of the concentrate.
More preferably, the at least one alcohol comprises ethanol and isobutanol.
Yet more preferably, the ratio of ethanol to isobutanol ranges from about 1:5 to about 2:5. Even more preferably, the ratio of ethanol to isobutanol is about 1:5.
According to a preferred embodiment, the compositioncomprises 0.5 to 5% of the total volume as concentrate. More preferably, the composition compres about 1% of the total volume as concentrate.

3 According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method to reduce the corrosion in a combustion engine, wherein said method comprises:
- adding to the engine an additive composition comprising:
- a concentrate comprising:
- an admixture of an alkali; water; at least one alcohol and - a solvent, and - starting the engine; and - allowing it to run for a period of tie sufficient to intermix thoroughly the additive with the oil.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method to reduce the smoke emitted by a combustion engine, wherein said method comprises:
- adding to the engine an additive composition comprising:
- a concentrate comprising:
- an admixture of an alkali; water; at least one alcohol and - a solvent, and - starting the engine; and - allowing it to run for a period of time sufficient to for a sufficient quantity of additive to have entered the engine's combustion chamber.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method to reduce the amount of sulfur emitted by a combustion engine, wherein said method comprises:
- adding to the engine's fuel source an additive composition comprising:
- a concentrate comprising:
- an admixture of an alkali; water; at least one alcohol and - a solvent, and - starting the engine; and - allowing it to run for a period of time sufficient to for a sufficient quantity of to have entered the engine's combustion chamber.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method to reduce the fouling effects of dust, dirt, earth and/or sediments in an engine, wherein said method comprises:
- adding to the engine an additive composition comprising:
- a concentrate comprising:
- an admixture of an alkali; water; at least one alcohol and -a solvent, and

4 õ

- starting the engine; and - allowing it to run for a period of time sufficient to intermix thoroughly the additive with the oil.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method to reduce reducing the carbon emissions from a combustion engine, wherein said method comprises:
- adding to the engine's fuel source an additive composition comprising:
- a concentrate comprising:
- an admixture of an alkali; water; at least one alcohol and - a solvent;
- starting the engine; and - allowing it to run for a period of time sufficient to for a sufficient quantity of composition to have entered the engine's combustion chamber.
It is the inventors' understanding that upon adding the additive in engines with oil, the additive immediately enhances the oil viscosity through the base reacting with the oil and neutralizing acids present.
The alcohol, in turn, comminutes and cleans inside the engine. Upon adding the additive in the gasoline fuel tank, the ethanol induced by the hydroxide cleans fuel ducts and makes combustion optimal in the engine thereby saving fuel.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
The present invention may be better understood in consideration of the following description of various embodiments of the invention in connection with the accompanying figure, in which:
FIG.1 is a depiction illustrating the chemical chain of oil before cracking (A), cracked chemical chain of oil (B) as well as the chemical chain of the oil after adding the additive (C) according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG.2 is a depiction illustrating the working of engine oil additive according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention wherein the comminuted components in the additive stop the harmful effects of the fouling, dust, earth and sediments inside the engine.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The particular values and compositions discussed in these non-limiting examples can be varied and are cited merely to illustrate at least one embodiment and are not intended to limit the scope thereof.

5 , The present invention seeks to solve a long standing need for a single multipurpose additive which can be used for many types of combustion engines for vehicles and equipment.
The engine oil additive is a multipurpose additive which is used for example for maintaining the viscosity index of engine oil, improving the lubricity of engine, and controlling the contaminant in the engine oil.
It is, therefore, one aspect of the disclosed embodiment to provide an additive which can be added to all types of vehicle e asngines as well as equipment, hydraulic pumps well as diesel engines and transmissions in addition to gasoline fuel and biodiesel (from wasted engine and food oil). It can also be added to diesel fuel from crude oil.
The following equations illustrate the acid neutralizing capability of the additive which helps in reducing contaminants and reducing the emission of CO2 and exhaust smoke.
Equation (El):
, S + 02 4 S02 El shows the union of sulfur with oxygen forming sulfur oxide due to air in contact with the fuel.
Equation (E2):
SO3 + H20 H2SO4 E2 shows the union of sulfur oxide with water vapor of air to form sulfuric acid.
Equation (E3):
KOH + H2SO4 4 H20 + K2SO4 E3 shows how the additive components composed of potassium hydroxide solution dissolved in ethanol or Ethyl alcohol neutralizes the acid components and contaminants in the oil in to an inert compound and water.
To manufacture an embodiment of the additive according to the present invention, a method is provided for the preparation of such. According to a preferred embodiment, an engine oil additive comprising about 4% of an alkali by volume, about 92% alcohol by volume (preferably ethanol and isobutanol) and about 4% of water by volume, all of which are preferably mixed at a temperature not exceeding 25 C. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a solution of pure potassium hydroxide (KOH) of concentration 90% is prepared by mixing with water as solvent, a solution of ethanol of

6 _ concentration 99.85%, and pure isobutanol of concentration 99.85%, at a temperature not exceeding 25 C.
During the mixing process, the KOH solution will start showing the resultant viscosity. The alcohols are then added and mixed until the solution is homogenous upon visual inspection and the concentrated additive is ready to be mixed with the solvent. After about two minutes of mixing, the additive will be ready for use.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of ethanol:isobutanol can range from 1:5 to 2:5. A more preferred ratio of ethanol to isobutanol is 1 :
5. Isobutanol has an ability to mix with a number of hydrocarbon. Isobutanol can increase the cetane in diesel and improve the viscosity index in oils. Ethanol allows to increase the octane in the gasoline. It is desirable to have alcohols of high purity as they can increase the cetane and octane more than 3 degrees in diesel and gasoline. Ethanol and isobutanol have an ability to mix with the oils and heavy fuels which contains high percentage of base oils as well as in gasoline.
Upon adding the additive in engines with oil, the additive immediately enhances the oil viscosity through the base reacting with the oil and neutralizes acids. The ethanol and isobutanol, in turn, comminutes and cleans inside the engine. Upon adding the additive to the gasoline fuel tank, the ethanol induced by the hydroxide cleans fuel ducts with sulfur reduction. This in turn, makes combustion optimal in the engine by rising the octane number in gasoline or cetane number in biodiesel and diesel thereby saving fuel with an increase in efficiency of not less than 3-15%. The addition ratio of the additive in a fuel tank is measured by ml, e.g. every ten liters of gasoline preferably requires 1.5 ml of the additive to achieve optimal performance of the additive.
In a combustion engine, a 250m1 quantity of additive according to a preferred embodiment of the present composition was added to the engine oil as the ratio of potassium hydroxide to alcohol remains constant by volume. This raised the Total Base Number of (TBN) to more than 12 mg. The higher the Total Base Number the more acids inside the oils and fuels are neutralized. This, in turn, reduces the emission of CO2 of the combustion engine when in use. This also reduces emission of exhaust smoke thus makes the engine more environmentally friendly.
Inventors have noted that the fuel quality determines the amount of additive required for optimal performance. For example, using diesel purchased in Canada, the amount of additive according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention incorporated into the diesel was 1.5% v/v. Various testing was done starting with an 8% additive concentration and subsequently it was tested at a 3% additive concentration, before finally establishing 1.5 % v/v as the optimal level. In another series of tests, for diesel purchased in Israel the optimal amount of additive according to a preferred embodiment of the present

7 1.00- __ .411=YI

invention incorporated into the diesel was 3% v/v.
The inventors have established a preferred amount of admixture of KOH solution and alcohol in the additive. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the concentrate comprising potassium hydroxide, water and alcohol is present at a level of 1% w/w of the additive. The remaining solvent portion is selected from the group consisting: biodiesel, kerosene, other similar hydrocarbons and combinations thereof.
In one series of tests, the oil additive was used to decrease the density of the oil to which it is added to between 0.820 - 0.985. The inventors have noted that the lower density leads to lower the emissions.
It is hypothesized that the additive when added to fuel enters the piston chamber and then settles (or deposits on the walls of the piston chamber and subsequently goes into the oil. Removal of the additive is done upon an oil change.
In a series of tests, the additive provided an increase in TBN (Total Base Number) from 7.2 up to 11 which meant the base present dropped the TAN (the Total Acid Number) in the oil. The effect of the additive is represented in the depiction of Figures 1 and 2. The working of the engine oil additive in cleansing, resisting and neutralizing acids results in a cleaner combustion process in the engine. The basic nature of the additive allows it to neutralize the acidic products resulting from the combustion process.
Moreover, the dual nature of the additive, i.e. the fact that it can be added to either the fuel or the oil (so long as the correct proportions are followed) further distinguishes it from any known additive.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, if the additive made from bio materials the liquid is biodiesel made from plants and animals oils. According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the additive is made from crude oil the preferred solvent liquid is white spirit 120, 270, kerosene, similar hydrocarbons and combinations thereof.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the additive is added to the fuel, the improvements sought are: the increase in the cetane number in diesel and the octane number in gasoline;
the reduction of the sulfur content; the decrease in the carbon residue;
maintaining the density within the desired range; decreasing the cold filter plugging point CFPP; decreasing the CO2 and NOx residues after combustion and decreasing the ash content According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the additive is added to oil, improvements sought are: increase in the TBN (total base number); the viscosity index; increasing the Flash

8 -point; and reduction in the sulfur content are all property improvements which are highly sought.
Example 1 In a series of testing when added to oil, the additive according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, provided the following results.
Before additive After additive Tr 235 C 198 C
Ta +22.7 C +17.3 C
02 5.3% 11.1%
CO 0 ppm 48 ppm Lamb 1.34% 2.11%
CO2 11.7% 7.4%
CO (0.0%) 0 ppm 102 ppm Perd 10.7% 13.6%
Rend 89.3 % 86.4 %
Cond 0% 0%
Rug 47 C 40 C
This series of tests show that the values of importance were the levels of 02 and CO2. The increase in level of 02 and decrease in level of CO2, are indicative of cleaner fuel combustion. This proves the increase in efficiency of using the additive according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention and that it provides an environmentally-friendly benefit.
It will be appreciated that variations of the above disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, maybe desirably combined into many other different systems or applications. Also that various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements therein maybe subsequently made by those skilled in the art which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims.

9

Claims

1. An engine oil additive comprising an admixture of an alkaline solution;
and an alcoholic solution, where in the alkaline solution and alcoholic solution are mixed at a temperature not exceeding 25°C.

2. An additive composition for use with combustion engines, said composition comprising:
- a concentrate comprising an admixture of an alkali; water; and at least one alcohol; and - a solvent.

3. The composition according to claim 3 where the alkali is potassium hydroxide.

4. The composition according to claim 2 or 3 wherein the content of the alkali ranges from about 1 to about 10% by volume of the concentrate.

5. The composition according to claim 4 wherein the content of the alkali is about 4% by volume of the concentrate.

6. The composition according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the content of the at least one alcohol ranges from about 80 to about 98% by volume of the concentrate.

7. The composition according to claim 6, wherein the content of the at least one alcohol is about 92%
by volume of the concentrate.

8. The composition according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the content of water ranges from about 1 to about 10% by volume of the concentrate.

9. The composition according to claim 8 wherein the content of water is about 4% by volume of the concentrate.

10. The composition according to any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein the at least one alcohol comprises ethanol and isobutanol.

11. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the ratio of ethanol to isobutanol ranges from about 1:5 to about 2:5.

12. The composition according to claim 11, wherein the ratio of ethanol to isobutanol is about 1:5.

13. The composition according to any one of claims 2 to 12 comprising 0.5 to 5% of the total volume as concentrate.

14. The composition according to claim 13 comprising about 1% of the total volume as concentrate.

15. Method to reduce the corrosion in a combustion engine, wherein said method comprises:
- adding to the engine an additive composition comprising:
- a concentrate comprising:
- an admixture of an alkali; water; at least one alcohol and - a solvent, and - starting the engine; and - allowing it to run for a period of tie sufficient to intermix thoroughly the additive with the oil.

16. Method to reduce the smoke emitted by a combustion engine, wherein said method comprises:
- adding to the engine an additive composition comprising:
- a concentrate comprising:
- an admixture of an alkali; water; at least one alcohol and - a solvent, and - starting the engine; and - allowing it to run for a period of time sufficient to for a sufficient quantity of additive to have entered the engine's combustion chamber.

17. Method to reduce the amount of sulfur emitted by a combustion engine, wherein said method comprises:
- adding to the engine's fuel source an additive composition comprising:
- a concentrate comprising:
- an admixture of an alkali; water; at least one alcohol and - a solvent, and - starting the engine; and - allowing it to run for a period of time sufficient to for a sufficient quantity of to have entered the engine's combustion chamber.

18. Method to reduce the fouling effects of dust, dirt, earth and/or sediments in an engine, wherein said method comprises:
- adding to the engine an additive composition comprising:
- a concentrate comprising:
- an admixture of an alkali; water; at least one alcohol and - a solvent, and - starting the engine; and - allowing it to run for a period of time sufficient to intermix thoroughly the additive with the oil.

19. Method to reduce reducing the carbon emissions from a combustion engine, wherein said method comprises:
- adding to the engine's fuel source an additive composition comprising:
- a concentrate comprising:
- an admixture of an alkali; water; at least one alcohol and - a solvent;
- starting the engine; and - allowing it to run for a period of time sufficient to for a sufficient quantity of composition to have entered the engine's combustion chamber.

20. Method according to any one of claims 15 to 19, wherein the alkali; the water and the at least one alcohol are mixed at a temperature not exceeding 25°C.

21. Method according to any one of claims 15 to 20 wherein the alkali is potassium hydroxide.

22. Method according to Any one of claims 15 to 21 wherein the content of the alkali ranges from about 1 to about 10% by volume of the concentrate.

23. Method according to any one of claims 15 to 22 wherein the content of the alkali is about 4% by volume of the concentrate.

24. Method according to any one of claims 15 to 23 wherein the content of the at least one alcohol ranges from about 80 to about 98% by volume of the concentrate.

25. Method according to any one of claims 15 to 24 wherein the content of the at least one alcohol is about 92% by volume of the concentrate.

26. Method according to any one of claims 15 to 25 wherein the content of water ranges from about 1 to about 10% by volume of the concentrate.

27. Method according to any one of claims 15 to 26 wherein the content of water is about 4% by volume of the concentrate.

28. Method according to any one of claims 15 to 27 wherein the at least one alcohol comprises ethanol and isobutanol.

29. Method according to any one of claims 15 to 28 wherein the ratio of ethanol to isobutanol ranges from about 1:5 to about 2:5.

30. Method according to any one of claims 15 to 29 wherein the ratio of ethanol to isobutanol is about 1:5.

31. Method according to any one of claims 15 to 30 'wherein the composition comprises 0.5 to 5% of the total volume as concentrate.

32. Method according to any one of claims 15 to 31 wherein the composition comprises about 1% of the total volume as concentrate.