CA2921858C - Stationary and mobile low profile wind turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

This wind turbine's body has protuberances that capture the kinetic energy contained within low-to-the-ground flowing winds, and converts this wind energy to electricity by rotating electricity conducting windings through strong magnetic lines of force provided by magnets buried into the generator's foundation upon which it rotates. The body of the stationary generator is levitated off it's foundation by a second set of magnets located around its circumference and buried into its foundation, which reduces friction. Some of the second set of magnets may be offset to push the turbine in the direction of rotation. Due to its design, this turbine can be low profile compared to traditional wind turbines. The mobile version is attached to a moving vehicle and captures the kinetic energy contained within air currents flowing past the trailing surfaces of a moving vehicle and converts this energy to electricity.

Description

STATIONARY AND MOBILE LOW PROFILE WIND TURBINE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
10001] A wind turbine that generates electricity is disclosed that is low profile, and so may be used in places where traditional, tall wind turbines cannot. This turbine uses magnets and protuberances to propel the turbine in the desired direction of rotation, and to levitate the central body to reduce friction. The low profile turbine may be used in a stationary manner (for example, placed on top of buildings) or may be used in a mobile manner, (for example, placed on a car).
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Conventional wind turbine generators, mounted on tall towers are not designed to deal with the randomly occurring turbulences associated with winds flowing at ground level.
Consequently, opportunities to generate electricity from this abundant source of energy are ignored. Wind turbine generators, mounted on tall towers avoid turbulences because uneven energy containing, ground flowing winds cause conventional turbines to destructively precess which induce stresses on turbine propellers, shaft, gears and materials.

[0003] High priced personnel are lifted or climb to 200 feet above ground to maintain conventional wind turbines mounted on towers. Conventional wind turbines mounted on tall towers require pylons to be drilled deeply into the ground to provide stability and reduce precession.

[0004] The preceding negative and limiting factors associated with wind turbines mounted on tall towers, combine to prevent wind turbines from generating electricity in areas with great turbulence.

[0005] Public rejection of wind turbines "by concerned neighbours"
contributes to society's dependence on burning fossil fuels to heat water to make steam that turns turbines to generate electricity. The need to reduce society's dependence upon fossil fuel to generated electricity and its effect upon global warming is serious and immediate.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] The Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator captures the kinetic energy of low-to-the-ground flowing winds, and converts this wind energy into electricity by rotating electricity conducting windings through strong magnetic lines of force.

[0007] The (i) "Stationary" Low Profile Wind Turbine and the (ii) the "Mobile" Low Profile Wind Turbine share the same laws of physics to generate electricity:
i) The Stationary Low Profile Wind Turbine captures the kinetic energy contained in winds flowing at ground level to generate electricity while anchored to its foundation.
ii) The Mobile Low Profile Wind Turbine captures the kinetic energy possessed by flowing air molecules (a) displaced by moving vehicles powered with electricity as they drive or (b) are parked in windy areas.

[0008] The shared laws of physics include: (a) electricity conducting windings generate displace electrons when windings are rotated through magnetic lines of force, and (b) The physics articulated by Bernoulli. Air is a fluid. Air molecules with velocity, possess kinetic energy.

[0009] Air molecules achieve their velocities when; (i) moving from a location containing higher air pressures to a place containing lower air pressure (i.e., partial vacuum), or (ii) air molecules are displace by bodies, e.g. vehicles/airplane wings, moving through air.

[0010] When air molecules with flow over curved surfaces they gain velocity. The high velocity molecules form zones of low air pressures (i.e., partial vacuums) compared to surrounding ambient air molecules.

[0011] Newton's third law of motion i.e., when one body (air molecule) exerts a force on a second body (Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body), the second body simultaneously exerts a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on the first body.

[0012] The following describes how the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator exploits these laws of physics to generate electricity.

[0013] The Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator is shaped to create different air pressures in different locations on its' body.

[0014] For example, the body of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator is cylindrical so winds (air molecules) blow with equal velocity past its external surfaces.

[0015] To create different air pressures located at different places on the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body, the body is populated with numerous aerodynamically shaped protuberances placed in patterns.

[0016] The curved surfaced protuberances perform similar aerodynamic functions as do airplane wings and anemometers.

[0017] Differences in air pressures occurring on/near the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator body and its protuberances allows the Low Profile Wind Turbine's body to function as a propeller.

[0018] The aerodynamic forces acting on the circumference of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body generate torque that rotates electricity conducting windings contained within the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body through lines of force.

[0019] When electricity conducting windings are rotated through strong magnetic lines of force, electricity is generated.

[0020] Strong fields of magnetic lines of force emanate from large, heavy permanent magnets embedded into the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's foundation.

[0021] The permanent magnets through which electricity conducting windings are rotated are located outside the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body.

[0022] When winds flow past vertically aligned cylinders with equal velocities on both sides at the same time, there is no torque to rotate the cylinder.

[0023] However, a zone of low air pressure forms on the opposite side of the cylinder from the side that faces the wind.

[0024] To generate rotation, the cylinder's geometry creates unequal velocities of travelling air molecules on opposite sides of the cylinder.

[0025] Rotation is created by the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's cylinder shaped external surfaces populated with wind-catching, aerodynamically shaped protuberances that are set into patterns that optimize the creation of different air pressures in different places.

[0026] Differences in air pressure forces acting on the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's cylindrical body combined with its' aerodynamically shaped protuberances cause the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body to rotate around its' central axel.

[0027] When air molecules hit bullet shaped protuberances from behind, and hit the rear flat, cavity trailing end of the bullet front protuberances this invokes Newton's third law i.e., action and reaction.

[0028] Kinetic energy from the moving air molecules is transferred to the protuberance, and thence to the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's external curved body causing it to rotate around its central axel.

[0029] In addition, as currents of air flow past the curved surface of protuberance "B"
towards the blunt end of protuberances "A" located in front of it, air molecules create a micro zone of low air pressures in front of the curved surface of protuberance "B"
located behind protuberance "A".

[0030] This creates a "lift" force similar to that when air molecules flow over the top curved surface of airplane wings. The protuberance is pushed forward into the low air pressure zone located ahead of it by ambient air pressure molecules moving to equalize the low air pressure that momentarily formed ahead of the protuberance.

[0031] This forward movement by protuberance "B" behind "A" is similar to when racing car "B" moves close towards racing car "A" to allow ambient air molecules to push it forward into the low air pressure zone created by the car in front of it. In racing circles, process is referred to as "venting" and used to save fuel consumption.

[0032] When air molecules flowing equally on either side of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's cylindrically shaped body, they hit the leading front edge of the bullet shaped nosed protuberances when they rotate around from the other side.

[0033] The bullet nosed protuberance is streamlined, and therefore, it encounters less air resistance when it is rotated forward resulting in stronger energy forces pushing the bullet-shaped protuberance body from the opposite side of the rotating Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body.

[0034] As the protuberances rotate forward, air molecules in low air pressure zones forming on the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's curved surfaces and in the space between itself and the protuberance above, below and following behind it.

[0035] As with airplane wings that are "Lifted" into zones of lower air pressures formed above their curved upper wings, the protuberances (B), located behind the protuberance (A) in front of it, ambient air molecules possessing slightly higher air pressure flow forward to fill the partial vacuum created by the first protuberance (A) in its cavity.

[0036] The protuberance (B) located behind (A), is pushed forwards towards the micro zones of low air pressures by ambient air molecules flowing towards the low air pressure zone momentarily formed behind (A). Ambient air molecules move forward to fill the partial vacuum in (A's) trailing surface's cavity.

[0037] Wind-pushed forward rotation is augmented by using the magnets that produce levitation to induce forward rotational motion.

[0038] Every second magnet in circumference of the levitation ring and every second magnet embedded in the foundation are pointed in a slightly off-set angle from the vertical, for the sake of illustration, approximately at 75 degrees.

[0039] With this pattern of alternating off-set angled magnets, when foundation embedded magnet's lines of force repel with the levitating ring's off-set magnet lines of force they repel the body of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator forward, pushing and rotating it around its central axel.

[0040] Another advantage provided by off-set angled magnets is that they resist the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body from rotating backwards which if not prevented would generate direct current flowing in the wrong direction.

[0041] The total external surface area of the low profile wind turbine's body plus its protuberances can exceed the surface areas of conventional wind turbine propellers.

[0042] The Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's surface areas allows the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body to have a very low visual, line of sight image profile yet produce the same or greater amounts of electricity as conventional wind turbines possessing propellers with the same surface area presented to winds.

[0043] To produce powerful lines of force through which the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body rotates electricity conducting windings, large permanent magnets are embedded into the cement foundation that secures the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator.

[0044] By locating the heavy magnets outside of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body, its' body's mass is reduced. This lighter weight reduces its' inertia to rotation after it is stopped.

[0045] Resistance to rotation is reduced by the magnetic lines of force emanating from large magnets embedded into the Low Profile Wind Turbine's foundation.

[0046] The strong lines of force repel smaller magnets' lines of force located in a ring around the lower circumference of the low profile wind turbine's cylindrically shaped body.

[0047] Since magnetic lines of force emanating from magnets with like poles facing each other repel each other, the body of the low profile wind turbine is levitated off of its' base.

[0048] Levitation virtually eliminates friction of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body with its foundation base.

[0049] Reduced friction allows the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body to be rotated by gentler winds containing less kinetic energy.

[0050] Levitation allows stronger winds containing more kinetic energy to rotate the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body at higher velocities. Unlike conventional wind turbines that experience precession in high winds, the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator continues generating electricity during very windy periods because precession is addressed.

[0051] Therefore, levitation allows the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator to generate electricity during a wider spectrum of wind velocities than conventional wind turbines experiencing friction on bearings, gears and other moving parts.

[0052] Conventional wind turbines mounted on tall towers experienced destructive forces caused by vibration, and precession when their turbine propeller's, turbine's, and tower's mass shift from their designed centres of gravity.

[0053] The Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator does not experience destructive precession because it is not mounted on a tall tower, which can vibrate off of its centre of gravity in strong winds or uses long bladed propellers that act as levers when uneven forces act upon them.

[0054] In contrast to conventional wind turbines mounted on tall towers, the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body weight is distributed around its' wide body's circumference.

[0055] In addition, the low profile wind turbine's body is secured at different points to its' internal central axe!. The axel is securely embedded into the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's foundation in a vertical alignment.

[0056] The diameter of the low profile wind turbine is far wider than narrow axels used in conventional wind turbines about which long propellers precess.

[0057] This means that precession is innovatively managed by the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's adjusting mechanisms while expending minimal energies to correct precession forces.

[0058] Should the low profile wind turbine's body precess out of its' vertical alignment, freely rotating wheels anchored into it's foundation, located slightly beyond the body's exterior wall's circumference, transfer the precession creating energies into the ground and guide the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generators body back into alignment.

[0059] Unlike conventional long propeller driven conventional turbines, that brake rotation, or rotate their propeller blades to minimize winds angle of attack and slow down, little rotation energy is lost through the low profile wind turbine 's body momentarily touching the precession-correcting guiding wheels.

[0060] Conventional wind turbines do not generate electricity during periods when they are braking, or changing the pitch of propellers to manage precession.

[0061] By contrast, the low profile wind turbine optimizes the time during which it can generate electricity. This is because whenever precession is sensed, the low profile wind turbine's wide circumference-based body is immediately re-aligned to its' vertical axis, without gearing down, braking or stopping its' rotation.

[0062] The absence of gears inside the low profile wind turbine 's body needed by conventional wind turbines to manage precession reduces the weight of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body.

[0063] The absence of gears lowers the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's costs for manufacturing, maintenance repairs and replacement of parts compared to conventional wind turbines.

[0064] In addition, since the low profile wind turbine is not mounted on a tall tower, and uses standard electronics and materials, repairs are completed with less down-time, thereby allowing electricity to be produced for longer periods of time compared to conventional wind turbines.

[0065] Removable panels in the low profile wind turbine 's body wall facilitate inspections, maintenance and repairs which are completed at ground level.
Technicians need not be raised to heights above the ground to service conventional wind turbines mounted on tall towers.

[0066] Conventional wind turbines need costly pylons sunk deep into the ground to provide stability for their tall towers. Conventional wind turbines occupy a large ecological foot print. Tall propellers and towers kill migrating birds in great numbers. Low frequency sounds emanating from long propellers are reported to create health problems.

[0067] Public protests stop the construction of conventional wind turbine towers in their neighbourhoods. Opposition prevents society from generating electricity from winds. By default, atmospheric polluting fossil fuels are burned to generate electricity that otherwise could have been captured from ground level freely flowing winds.
10068] Fortunately, the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator will attract less public opposition to being accepted in localities. This is because the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator is not mounted on a tall tower. Its' body sits on the ground, therefore has low visibility beyond its location.
[0069] Even though the Powered Electricity Generator's body is low to the ground, it provides the same surface area of a conventional wind turbine's one-hundred foot long propeller.
[0070] To illustrate, the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's public acceptance, the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body may only be 10 feet tall as compared to a 200 feet tall conventional wind turbine mounted on a tower.
[0071] The space inside the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body is filled with a greater volume of electricity conducing windings than conventional wind turbines typically contain inside their nacelles.
[0072] If Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's 10-feet tall cylindrical body is too high for some locations, by extending the diameter of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body, the vertical height can be reduced yet still contain the same volume of electricity conducting windings that will produce the same quantity of electricity.
[0073] The low profile wind turbine offers a very small ecological foot print compared to that created by conventional wind turbines.
[0074] In addition to generating electricity by rotating electrical conducting windings through magnetic lines of force, the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator generates electricity using solar cells.

[0075] The extensive external surface area of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator allows it to be covered with newly developing flexible solar cell films, (peroskite).
Solar cells continue to generate direct current electricity during daylight with or without winds.
[0076] Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's design provide opportunities to generate electricity by capturing the kinetic energy from a broad spectrum of wind velocities flowing at ground level. Its' flexibility to be installed in a wide range of rural and urban topographies, its' low cost to; manufacture, transport, install, inspect, repair, replace parts, provide benefits that conventional wind turbines do not.
[0077] The Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's practical attributes offers the potential to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels to generate electricity.
"Mobile" Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator [0078] The "Mobile" Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator is a smaller version of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator. It employs the same aerodynamic and electricity generating physics employed by the larger "Stationary" Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator. The "Stationary" "Mobile" Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator is mounted on the rear surfaces of electricity powered vehicles.
[0079] The "Mobile" Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator captures the kinetic energy contained in high velocity air molecules flowing over vehicles' external surfaces whether the vehicle is moving or it is parked in windy area.
[0080] The electricity generated by the "Mobile" Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator recharges vehicles' batteries as they are driven, or when they are parked in places where winds flow at ground level, for example between buildings.

[0081] Aerodynamic force are generated by the structure upon which the mobile Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator is attached to the electricity powered vehicle.
[0082] The structure generates turbulences that destructively interfere with high energy, high velocity "Drag" creating air molecules that flow over the external surfaces of moving vehicles.
[0083] These high velocity air molecules accumulate in low air pressure zones adjacent to moving vehicles creating zones of low air pressure.
[0084] As ambient air pressure air molecules move towards the low air pressure zones, to equalize the low air pressure, they trap the vehicle similar to when airplane wings get trapped between higher air pressure molecules flowing towards lower air pressure zones located above their upper curved surfaces.
[0085] The destructive interference turbulences of the structure supporting the "Mobile"
version of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator dissipates zones of low air pressures. This dissipation of low air pressure reduces "drag" acting on bodies moving through air.
[0086] The two benefits (i) generating electricity while the car is driving, and dissipating "Drag" forces delivered by the "Mobile" Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's physics extends the driving distance of electric cars.
[0087] By extending driving distances of electric vehicles, this increases consumer acceptance, and reduces the dependency on air polluting fossil fueled vehicles.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

100881 Figure 1 illustrates the foundation upon which "stationary" low profile wind turbine components are secured.
[0089] Figure 2 illustrates levitation and zone containing low air pressure.
100901 Figure 3a illustrates the body of low profile wind turbine showing protruberances and levitation ring and Figure 3b illustrates a turbine with a lower profile.
[0091] Figures 4a and 4b illustrate protuberance bullet shape, that facilitates "action", "reaction", "venting" and "lift".
[0092] Figure 5 illustrates the "mobile" low profile wind turbine that generates electricity to recharge batteries of electric powered vehicles.
[0093] Figure 6 is an illustration of lift on a wing (Prior Art).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
100941 Conventional wind turbine generators, mounted on tall towers are not designed to deal with the randomly occurring turbulences associated with winds flowing at ground level.
100951 Consequently, opportunities to generate electricity from this abundant source of energy are ignored.
100961 Wind turbine generators, mounted on tall towers avoid turbulences because uneven energy containing, ground flowing winds cause conventional turbines to destructively precess which induce stresses on turbine propellers, shaft, gears and materials.
[0097] However, the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's engineering deals with the destructive forces generated by ground flowing winds allowing it to generate electricity.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-02-23 [0098] The Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator cylindrical body contains large volumes of conducting windings. Its' body presents a low vertical height and a wide diameter to onlookers and concerned neighbours.
[0099] For example, the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator may have a height of only 15 feet as compared to a conventional wind turbine mounted on top of a 200-foot tower which can be seen from miles away.
[00100] The Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's low vertical image increases its' public's acceptance into rural and urban communities that successfully oppose tall towered wind turbine installations.
[00101] Compared to highly engineered, propeller driven, wind turbines mounted on towers, the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator uses standard materials, standard direct current electronico and ha5 fewer moving parts.
[00102] The low profile wind turbine's simpler design allows it to be;
(i) manufactured at a lower cost, (ii) to be transported to rural and urban sites at a lower cost, (iii) to install at a lower cost, (iv) perform inspections at a lower cost, (v) to repair at a lower cost and (vi) to replace components at a lower cost.
[00103] Lower cost personnel can maintain the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator compared to high priced personnel who are lifted to 200 feet above ground to maintain conventional wind turbines mounted on towers.
[00104] Conventional wind turbines mounted on tall towers require pylons to be drilled deeply into the ground to provide stability and reduce precession.

[00105] The Low Profile Wind Turbine does not need pylons drilled deeply into the ground. The Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator sits on top of a cement pad on the ground. Vertical stability is not an issue as it is with tower mounted wing turbines.
[00106] Precession is effectively managed by the Low Profile Wind Turbine's low profile, its central axel around which it rotates, and its wide diameter that provides a stable support base around its' circumference.
[00107] The preceding negative and limiting factors associated with wind turbines mounted om tall towers, combine to prevent wind turbines from generating electricity.
[00108] Public rejection of wind turbines" by concerned neighbours"
function to continue society's dependence on burning fossil fuels to heat water to make steam that turns turbines to generate electricity.
[00109] The need to reduce society's dependence upon fossil fuel to generated electricity and its effect upon global warming is serious and immediate.
[00110] The Low Profile Wind Turbine's ability to generate electricity at low cost and public acceptance compared to conventional wind turbines mounted on tall towers, will make a positive contribution to generating electricity without adding green house gases into the atmosphere.
[00111] The volume of open space inside the wide-diameter, cylindrical body of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator is filled with electricity conducting windings. This space for windings far exceeds that of conventional wind turbines.
[00112] The space inside the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body is available to electricity conducting windings because space is not taken up by bulky magnets and gears as it is with conventional wind turbines.

[00113] Large numbers of heavy and powerful permanent magnets are located outside of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body.
[00114] Powerful heavy permanent magnets are embedded into the foundation upon which the body of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator levitates and rotates around a vertical axel.
[00115] Precession is dampened by the vertical axel that secures the top, and bottom of the rotating body. The axel is securely embedded into its' concrete foundation.
[00116] Precession is also dampened by a ring of freely rotating wheels anchored in the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator 's foundation. The precession dampening wheels are located around just beyond the outer circumference of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator 's body as it rotates. In addition to guiding the rotating body back into its designed alignment, the wheels may be used to brake to slow or to stop the body's rotation.
[00117] The precession correcting guide wheels do not touch the body when it rotates around its' correct path.
[00118] When the body rotates around a central vertical axel housing electricity conducting windings, the electricity conducting windings pass through strong magnetic lines of force to generate direct current electricity.
[00119] Large and heavy permanent magnets are embedded into the foundation pad with their same polarity pointing upwards toward the electricity conducting windings within the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's rotating body above them.
[00120] The innovation of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator is that the heavy-large-mass magnets are outside of the wind generator and not inside its' body as with conventional wind turbines.

[00121] The lightened mass allows the body containing electricity conducting windings to be more easily levitated off of its base surface using smaller magnets attached to a ring that runs around the lower outside circumference of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body.
[00122] The Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator does not use a propeller on a horizontal axel connected through gears used by conventional wind turbines.
[00123] The Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's cylindrical body performs the function as a propeller, that is, the body rotates electricity conducting windings through magnetic lines of force.
[00124] The torque energy necessary to rotate electricity conducting winding through magnetic lines of force is achieved by wind energy forces acting on the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's wide-diameter, cylindrical-shaped body.
[00125] The body's radius acts as a lever upon its' fulcrum central axel. Rotation and torque is also achieved by lifting the body of the Low Profile Wind Turbine off of its' foundation.
[00126] Levitation reduces friction that opposes rotation. The Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator is levitated off of its foundation by repelling magnetic lines of force.
[00127] Since like-polarity magnets repel each other, the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body is lifted above its's foundation.
[00128] Powerful permanent magnets are embedded into the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's foundation under the path of the rotating body facing upward to the edge of the low profile wind turbine's cylindrical body.

[00129] To save weight, smaller magnets with the same polarity and pointing downward to the magnets embedded in the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's foundation are positioned around the lower surface of the body's circumference onto a ring around the outside of the low profile wind turbine's boy.
[00130] Since the levitating ring's magnets have one pole pointing downward to repel the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body off of its foundation, the levitating ring magnets' opposite pole will generate lines of force with an opposite polarity than the lines of force through which electricity generating lines of force electricity flows.
[00131] To weaken the influence of levitating ring's magnets lines of force with an opposite pole to those in the foundation and cutting electricity conducting windings that generate electricity flowing in the opposite direction, these levitating ring magnets are located at a distance on a ring outside of the main body of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator containing electricity conducting windings.
[00132] The Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator is lifted off of its foundation to become levitated. Levitation virtually eliminates inertia to rotation and friction.
Reduced friction allows winds of lower velocities and energies to rotate the body of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator to generate electricity.
[00133] Levitation allows stronger winds turn the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator 's body at high rates of rotation.
[00134] Consequently, levitation allows the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator to generate electricity for longer periods of time than if its body was supported on caster-wheels.

[00135] The Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator does not use a propeller used by conventional wind turbines.
[00136] The Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator uses its' body of a cylinder-shaped, water-tight shell, that contains great lengths of electricity conducting windings that rotate around a vertical central axis through powerful magnetic fields that generate electricity.
[00137] The shape of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body is not confined to being exclusively that of a cylinder.
[00138] The body may use different geometries such as; elliptical, conical, spherical, hour-glass or combinations thereof.
[00139] The geometric shape of the body should be that which produces the largest zone containing low air pressure air molecules that momentarily collect on the opposite side of the body from that which ambient winds flow.
[00140] The larger the size the zone of low air pressure is produced, the faster will be that wind-catching protuberances on one side of the cylinder will be pushed towards this zone of partial vacuum by air molecules flowing to fill the partial vacuum. The Protuberances are arranged in patterns on the external surfaces of the body.
[00141] The protuberances are organized into patterns that collectively, amplify rotating forces acting on them. Rotational forces are induced by capturing the kinetic energy contained in air molecules flowing past them.
[00142] The protuberances on one side of the cylinder will be rotated towards the zone of low air pressure.

[00143] The bullet nosed shaped protuberances will be pushed forward by ambient air pressure winds possessing higher air pressures, flowing towards a zone containing a lower air pressure than ambient air pressures.
[00144] Micro zones of low air pressures are momentarily created behind each protuberance.
[00145] The body of the turbine does not contain heavy magnets that would otherwise increase the body's mass.
[00146] A reduced mass, reduces inertia to rotation, thereby allowing winds of varying velocities to more easily rotate the electricity conducting windings through their magnetic lines of force.
[00147] The strong magnets that produce the magnetic lines of force that cut the electricity conducting windings to produce electricity are embedded into the low profile wind turbine's base that supports the shell-body that contains the electricity conducting windings that rotate about a vertically aligned axe!.
[00148] The weight of the body's shell containing electricity conducting windings, sensors and mechanics of the cylinder-shaped turbine is levitated off of the base by repelling magnetic lines of force from magnets embedded into the low profile wind turbine's foundation, and its' precession ring above these magnets.
[00149] Both opposing magnets point the same polarity at each other that results in magnets of like poles to repel each other.
[00150] Smaller magnets than those embedded in the foundation are attached to the lower circular edge of the cylinder's shell's circumference facing the ground.
Smaller magnets reduce the mass of the low profile wind turbine 's body and its inertia to rotation.

[00151] Larger magnets with the same polarity as those inside the body of the low profile wind turbine point upward towards the precession ring magnets.
[00152] Since magnets facing each other with the same polarity repel, the body of the low profile wind turbine is levitated off of its base.
[00153] The positive effect of not using wheels to lift the body of the low profile wind turbine off of its base is that levitation virtually eliminates friction than if wheels running on a circular tract supported the body.
[00154] By levitating the body off of its base, the low profile wind turbine captures the energy of lower velocity winds flowing at ground level to generate electricity.
[00155] This abundant source of free energy is lost to conventional wind turbines' propellers mounted on tall towers.
[00156] Because of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's more socially acceptable image, installations of Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator can be located closer to urban centers where electricity is consumed. This reduced the problem when valuable energy is lost when electricity is conducted great distances.
[00157] By levitating the low profile wind turbine, it can obtain higher rotational speeds during periods when stronger winds flow past it at ground level.
[00158] By reducing friction, the low profile wind turbine can produce electricity from energy contained within a broader spectrum of wind velocities (light to strong) to produce electricity for longer periods of time.
[00159] The unique design of the low profile wind turbine is that it's permanent magnets are not inside the turbine's body, as are conventional wind powered turbines mounted on tall towers.

[00160] Large mass permanent magnets that produce the strong magnetic lines of force through which the low profile wind turbine's electricity conducting windings pass, are embedded into low profile turbine's foundation.
[00161] These powerful and heavy magnets are external to the shell-body of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator. By locating heavy magnets outside of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator, their weight need not be rotated by winds flowing past the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator.
[00162] Because these magnets are embedded in the foundation underneath the electricity conducting windings, the low profile wind turbine can use greater numbers of larger and heavier permanent magnets than conventional wind driven turbines mounted on tall towers.
[00163] Consequently, the foundation embedded permanent magnets provide stronger magnetic lines of force that can cut through the more electricity conducting windings to create more electricity than conventional tower wind turbines.
[00164] Stronger magnets and more electricity conducting windings means that more electricity can be generated within a shorter body that presents a smaller visual profile compared to turbines mounted on tall towers.
[00165] The reduced mass of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body reduces the inertia of the turbine and its resistance to be rotated by flowing winds.
[00166] Because of the reduced inertia caused by locating heavy magnets outside of the turbine's body, lighter winds can rotate the body containing electricity conducting windings. In addition, reduced inertia means that stronger winds can rotate the electricity conducting windings inside the body of the turbine at higher speeds.

[00167] The low profile wind turbine becomes substantially more efficient for generating electricity for longer periods of time than conventional wind turbines supported on tall towers.
"Vertical" Axis around which electricity conducting windings rotate.
[00168] Conventional wind turbines mounted on towers use vertically aligned propellers that rotate around horizontal axels. The horizontal axel is orientated parallel to the ground.
[00169] By contrast, the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator does not use a conventional propeller. Its' body is the propeller.
Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's External Body Surface Areas Are Studded With Wind Energy Catching Protuberances Arranged In Patterns.
[00170] When wind blows in the direction of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body, the air molecules flow around and over the curved external surfaces of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body.
[00171] Zones containing high velocity, low air pressure air molecules momentarily form on, or immediately near the outer external surfaces of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body.
[00172] The curved surfaces of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator, create the same aeronautical forces as act upon curved upper surfaces of air plane wings. The Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator exploits laws of aeronautical physics to induce rotation, [00173] The external surfaces of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body are not smooth like the external surfaces of tin cans, conventional turbine propeller blades, or airplane wings.

[00174] The external surfaces of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator are studded with bullet shaped protuberances arranged in patterns to exploit aeronautical laws of physics.
[00175] The bullet nose shape allows the protuberances to move into the wind with less air resistance.
[00176] The shape, number, and pattern of protuberances on the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body will vary with the size of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body.
[00177] These geometrically shaped protuberances create air pressure differences similar to the forces that are created on the top of airplanes' curved wings.
[00178] When air molecules flow over curved wings, they flow faster than air molecules flowing under the wing. Faster flowing air molecules create zones containing lower air pressures than ambient air pressures.
[00179] Since "nature hates a partial vacuum," air molecules of ambient air pressure move to fill the partial vacuum, forcing the wing into the partial vacuum (zone) above the wing [00180] To appreciate how powerful a slight difference of air pressure existing under a wing and above a wind process is, when the pound per square inch (psi) on the top curved surface of a heavy aircraft's wing is only one pound per square inch (p.s.i.) below of that existing under the wing (please see Figure 6, where 100 is the direction of flight, 102 is the faster air moving over the wing (lower pressure), and 104 is the slower air moving under the wing (higher pressure)), this minor difference in air pressures is sufficient to" lift" the heavy airplane off of the ground.
[00181] The protuberances covering the external surfaces of the low profile wind turbine exploit this aeronautical law of physics.
Date Recue/Date Received 2023-01-22 [00182] Their geometric bullet shape generates air pressure differences in the spaces existing ahead of, and between the protuberances.
[00183] For example, the low-profile wind turbine's body offers contains many bullet-shaped protuberances are arranged in patterns. The protuberances act like baffles, or curved and flat surfaces of air plane wings to create numbers of appearing and disappearing micro zones containing air molecules of lower air pressures compared to ambient air molecules.
[00184] The numbers of protuberances significantly increase the external surface areas of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator presented to passing winds.
[00185] The wind-force energies captured by the protuberances are transferred to the circumference of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's cylindrical body.
[00186] Because energies are on formed on the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's external surfaces, the radius of the circular shaped outside body acts as a lever relative to it's central axel. Its rotational energy is pivoted on the central axel around the top and lower surface of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body rotates.
[00187] Because the forces transferred to the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's external body's circumference are off-angled to the central axel, the unequal forces acting on the external curved surfaces of cylindrical body are translated into rotation.
[00188] Rotational torque is created by aeronautical air pressure differences momentarily forming on the opposite side from which the wind is blowing that are created by the shape of the protuberances.
[00189] The same laws of physics acting on the cylinder body and its protuberances are identical to the aerodynamic forces generated on the surface areas of curved upper airplane wings' and under wings' flat surface.

[00190] Winds flow over the top of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator and around its sides and under its levitated body.
[00191] If the external surfaces of the low-profile wind turbine were smooth, the aerodynamic forces acting on the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's external surfaces would be equal to each other and the body of the low-profile wind turbine would not rotate.
[00192] However, since one side of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator'5 body ha5 protuberance5 with their low air resistance bullet noses pointing into the wind, while the protuberances on the opposite side of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body have their blunt ended energy catching trailing surfaces facing the wind, the differences in wind resistance on opposite sides of the central axel causes the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body to rotate and creating torque.
[00193] The aerodynamic forces that act on the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator body causing it to rotate like a propeller, may be explained by imagining the following. Please picture a person with the person's pointed to the wind and looking at the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's cylindrical body.
[00194] On the left side of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's cylinder the person can see protuberances with their rounded bullet shaped noses facing the person.
[00195] On the right side of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's cylinder body, the cavities in the trailing surface of the protuberance faces the person.
[00196] The person can imagine separating the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body into the following sectors:
[00197] (i) The side opposite from that which the wind blows.

[00198] This is the side closest to the person and directly facing the person.
[00199] A large zone of low air pressure air molecules collect in this zone after they stream over the top of the turbine's body and rush around either side of the turbine's body.
[00200] The person sees rows of bullet shaped nosed protuberances rotating towards the person on the left side of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body and on the right side of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's cylinder body, the hollow cavities inside the protuberances rotating away from the person.
[00201] The bullet nosed protuberance rotating away from the right hand side of the cylinder encounter less air resistance to their rotations because of their streamlined bodies facing into the wind compared to protuberances on the left hand side of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's cylinder that have their blunt ends facing oncoming winds.
[00202] (ii) The person's right side of the cylinder supports protuberances with their bullet nosed stream lined bodies facing into the wind.
[00203] The protuberance's cavity end surfaces points at the person.
[00204] (iii) Looking at the left side of the cylinder, the person sees the protuberance's blunt cavity ended protuberance's facing into the wind similar to the cupped end of anemometer.
[00205] The cupped rear end of the protuberance is hit by passing winds that and transfers their kinetic energy to the protuberance causing the body to rotate around its' axel.
[00206] Rotation is created because of there is greater kinetic energy transferred to left side of the cylinder than there is on the right side.
[00207] The following expands on the above (i). (ii) and (iii) above.

[00208] (i) When winds blow over the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body, they increase their velocities as they flow past and beyond the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's cylinder curved-shaped body.
[00209] After leaving the turbine's surface they accelerate and form a large zone of low air pressure, also known as a partial vacuum, on the opposite side of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body from where the wind blows.
[00210] Since nature hates a vacuum, ambient air molecules possessing ambient air pressures possessing kinetic energy flow to fill the partial vacuum.
[00211] As ambient air molecules flow past the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's protuberances, the protuberances capture the energy of the moving air molecules causing the protuberances to on one side of the turbine's cylinder-shaped body to move in the same direction as the air molecules.
[00212] The protuberances on one side of the body, move forward and cause the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body to rotate around its central axel in reaction to the following forces.
[00213] (i) Action and Reaction and Lift and Venting force are created on the Micro Scale created on the side that has protuberances' cavities' trailing hollow surfaces facing into the wind blowing from behind them with their bullet nose pointed in the same direction as the wind blows, [00214] Bullet shaped protuberances that populate the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body, rotate around the central axel until their blunt ended-cavity trailing surface momentarily point backwards facing the direction that the wind blows past them.
[00215] The protuberances' curved leading-surface curved bullet noses point forward in the same direction that the wind blows past them.

[00216] As air molecules flow over the curved surface of the bullet shaped nose, they speed up. When they leave the curved nose, they form micro zones of low air pressure. Ambient air pressure air molecules hate a partial vacuum and flow forward to fill the vacuum. As the air molecules hit the protuberance, this causes the body of the protuberance to flow towards the partial vacuum.
[00217] This is the identical aeronautical force described as "lift"
when air molecules flow over curved surfaces of airplane wings. Unlike the "vertical" lift created by the curved upper surface of an airplane wing, the "lift" occurring in front of the curved front surface of the rounded nose protuberance is "horizontal".
[00218] As partial vacuum dissipating ambient air molecules past over the space between two nose to tail protuberances, a partial vacuum forms in the space between two protuberances.
The protuberance behind the first protuberance is pushed forward by other ambient air molecules flowing from behind it. This creates the same "Venting" aerodynamic forces experienced by racing cars. Venting occurs when the low air pressure formed behind the leading racing car creates a partial vacuum. When ambient air molecules move to fill the partial vacuum, they push the following racing car forward.
[00219] Action and Reaction: When forward moving air molecules hit the blunt trailing rear surface of a protuberance, the air molecules' kinetic energy is transferred to the protuberance. Obeying Newton's third law of classical mechanics that states, "to every action there is opposite and equal reaction" the protuberance is forced forward as it reacts in an opposite direction as hit it.

[00220] Forward moving air molecules transfer energy to the protuberance. This energy is transferred to external body of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator to which it is attached which induces rotation.
[00221] Reduced air resistance is created on the side of the low profile wind powered electricity generator's body where curved surfaced leading edged protuberances rotate into the wind.
[00222] The forward moving air molecules force the streamlined noses of protuberances forward in the opposite direction as the wind is flows on one side of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body.
[00223] Their bullet noses offer less wind resistance compared to the blunt rear ended protuberances on the opposite side of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body.
[00224] The combined energies of (i) zone of low air pressure forming on the opposite side from which the wind blows, (ii) action, reaction and (iii) venting exerted on the outside of the low profile wind turbine's cylindrical curved body's circumference by multiple protuberances work together to enhance the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator body's rotation.
[00225] Also, potentially, the commercial version of the low profile wind turbine may not need expensively engineered gears to control the orientation of propeller blades of conventional wind turbines that are costly to manufacture, and maintain. The gears are heavy and increase the turbine's mass.
[00226] The low profile wind turbine has fewest moving parts that create friction that need maintenance and replacement. The cost of installation and ownership of the low profile wind turbine is low compared to conventional wind generators.

[00227] Retractable Torque Rods.
[00228] During periods of light winds, so as to increase the surface area of the low profile wind generator's body upon which light winds can act and react, rods covered with protuberances can be extended. The torque rods function as levers to increase rotational velocities creating momentum and torque.
[00229] In strong winds, when increased rotation speeds are unnecessary the rods can be retracted into the body of the low profile wind generator. This will reduce the surface area of the body with which winds will interact.
[00230] Permanent Magnets Embedded Into Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's Foundation:
[00231] Another distinction from conventional wind turbines with propellers attached to horizontal axels. the body of the low profile wind turbine rotates around a "vertical" central axel that is aligned up and down at right angles to the base and secured in its' foundation.
[00232] The vertically aligned axel around which the shell-body rotates, allows heavy permanent magnets to be embedded into the foundation under the Low Profile Wind Turbine's body that contains high numbers of electricity conducting windings inside the low profile wind turbine.
[00233] The pad supports the weight of the permanent magnets not the axel nor the shell-body containing the electricity conducting windings.
[00234] By placing the magnets in the base and not inside the body of the low profile wind turbine, centrifugal forces are reduced which reduce mechanical stresses on the axel, as well, mechanical components.
[00235] Levitation:

[00236] Like poles of magnets repel each other.
[00237] The rotating body of the low profile turbine is lifted i.e.
levitated above it's base pad by magnetic lines.
[00238] Levitation is induced by small permanent magnets located in a ring outside of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's the circular body. The levitation ring is located closest to its foundation's flat surface.
[00239] The levitating ring's magnets face downwards directly above the upward pointing magnets embedded in the foundation under the circumference of the rotating body. The polarity of opposing magnets repels each other to induce levitation.
[00240] The benefit of levitation is that the full weight of the electricity conducting windings and other mechanics is supported by magnetic lines of force. This reduces friction of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's rotating body by lifting it off of its's flat surfaced foundation.
[00241] Reduced friction reduces resistance to rotation. Reduced friction allows gentler winds containing less energy to more easily rotate the body of the turbine thereby generating electricity for longer periods of time.
[00242] Reduced friction allows higher energy winds to rotate the turbine faster for longer periods of time.
[00243] Forward rotational motion is enhanced by small magnets off-set from the vertical, embedded in levitation ring and larger magnets off-set with the same angle that are embedded in foundation.
[00244] Both the levitation ring magnets and the foundation embedded magnets point their same repelling lines of force at each other.

[00245] Wind-caused forward rotation is augmented by using the magnets that produce levitation to induce forward rotational motion.
[00246] Every second magnet in circumference of the levitation ring and every second magnet embedded in the foundation are pointed in a slightly off-set angle from the vertical, for the sake of illustration, approximately at 75 degrees.
[00247] With this pattern of alternating off-set angled magnets, when foundation embedded magnet's lines of force repel with the levitating ring's off-set magnet lines of force they repel the body of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator forward, pushing and rotating it around its central axel.
[00248] Another advantage provided by off-set angled magnets is that they resist the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body from rotating backwards which if not prevented would generate direct current flowing in the wrong direction.
[00249] Off angled repelling magnets plus levitation means that the twisting (torque) rotational energy of gentler winds is augmented by producing more torque to rotate the electricity conducting windings inside the body of the turbine through the lines of force of the many larger permanent magnets embedded in the base.
[00250] When higher velocity winds rotate the body of the turbine past the angled magnets they rotate the body faster.
[00251] Precession: Tall towered wind turbines are plagued the damage caused by centrifugal forces that induce precession in their towers, and propellers.
[00252] When structures and mechanics in conventional air turbines move in directions for which they were not deigned friction and stress cause structures and mechanics to prematurely wear and fail.

[00253] When uneven pulses of winds of varying energies, randomly hit 200-foot tall towers at different locations, this unequal distribution of force cause the blades of long propellers to act like levers.
[00254] Forces acting on the lever induces vibrations and gyrations that evolve into uneven rotations and precession.
[00255] The weight of rain and ice forming on one side of the long propellers and the tower, shifts the centre of gravity of the tower that supports the wind turbine. This shift in weight combines with the rotation of the propeller to induce precession.
[00256] To control towers' precessions, costly pylons are drilled deeply into the ground to rigidly support reinforced towers in a vertical position so that they will resist precessing and vibrations.
[00257] However, when propellers swing off-centre through ice build-up or damaged gears, the long blades behave as off-balanced rotating levers.
[00258] Destructively lever-amplified forces act on towers, propellers and central axels about which the propeller rotates.
[00259] When the propeller vibrates beyond a certain tolerance, sensors inside the conventional wind turbine are activated to apply brakes that slow the rotation of the propeller.
[00260] Alternatively, sensors activate costly mechanical gears to rotate the angle of the propeller blades so that they present a smaller surface area's edge facing into the wind.
[00261] These costly gears, electronics, and braking mechanisms add weight to conventional wind turbines mounted on tall towers.

=
[00262] This is mentioned because these mechanisms rotational and precessing controlling mechanisms either do not exist or alternatively are located outside of Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body.
[00263] By having the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's mechanisms, not on a tall tower, but at ground level, this lowers the cost and ease of repairs.
[00264] By quickly completing maintenance and repairs, this means that the time for the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator to generate electricity is lengthened as compared to a conventional wind turbine.
[00265] To facilitate maintenance, the walls of the low profile wind turbine's body provides removable panels.
[00266] Furthermore, when conventional tall towered turbine applies brakes or its blades are orientated to present the smallest surface to the wind to manage the forces of precession, the time consumed to protect conventional turbines causes loses opportunities to generate electricity.
[00267] Because the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator is close to its foundation base, and supported by multiple points around its' circumference there are fewer lever-effects acting on the body of the low profile wind turbine to generate precession.
[00268] Precession is reduced by the design of the low profile wind turbine because it does not use a long propeller that can wildly swing around a centrally located axel that acts like a fulcrum for a lever.
[00269] The stubby body of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator is securely supported by its' central axel at its single centre of gravity, and all around the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body's outside circumference by powerful magnetic lines of force levitating it off of its base.

[00270] When the body's rotation deviates slightly off its central axis, the outside wall of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body of the low profile turbine encounters guide wheels to return it back to its vertical central axis. The guide wheels are anchored in the base and not attached to the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body. If the guide wheel were attached to the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body, this would increase the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's mass, inertia and resistance to rotation.
[00271] The guiding wheels also provide braking forces if necessary to stop the rotations so that inspections and repairs can be made.
[00272] When the processing body touches the freely rotating wheel, the freely rotating wheel guides the walls of the turbine's body back onto the designed rotational track without significantly slowing the turbine's body's rotation or generating friction and heat as a mechanical brake would do.
[00273] The use of freely rotating wheels located on the base, around the circumference of the low profile turbine dampens the potentially destructive effects of precession.
[00274] Controlling the destructive forces of precession translates into fewer repairs and the benefit of producing electricity for longer periods of time compared to precession-plagued tall towered wind turbines.
[00275] Powerful Magnetic Lines of Force:
[00276] Powerful Magnetic Lines of Force are provided by embedding large and heavy permanent (rare earth) magnets in the foundation under which the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body rotates.

[00277] Unlike conventional wind turbines that have their magnets inside their nacelles, the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's magnets are outside of its body wherein electricity conducting windings are housed.
[00278] By placing the powerful magnets in the foundation, this lowers the weight of the turbine's rotating body, [00279] The reduced weight (mass) reduces inertia. A lighter body allows winds to rotate the electricity conducting windings through the magnetic lines of force for longer periods of time and at greater speeds compared to conventional wind turbines with their magnets inside their bodies.
[00280] The low profile wind turbine becomes a more efficient electric generating turbine compared to conventional wind turbines.
[00281] By transferring the weight of permanent magnets to the outside of the rotating body this also reduces the precession forces acting on the towered turbine's long propellers, supporting tower structures and conventional turbines' internal mechanical gears, bearings, and connectors.
[00282] With traditional wind turbines propellers, turbulent wind energies are transferred along the propeller's blades to the nacelle's central axel.
[00283] The surface area of typical towered turbine narrow blades is small compared to the surface area of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator.
[00284] To illustrate, with conventional wind turbines, open spaces exist between the outside edges of adjacent propeller blades.

[00285] Consequentially, conventional wind turbines with two or three blades do not capture the energy of winds that flow between the turbine's propeller blades.
The kinetic energy flowing between conventional propeller blades is lost.
[00286] By contrast, the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator presents a solid body to the wind. It captures all the energy that passes it.
[00287] The body of Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's external surfaces present a comparatively large surface area to winds passing by it.
[00288] The low profile wind turbine compact body and smaller environmental foot print increases social acceptance.
[00289] The body of the low profile wind turbine that is visible above ground level, is compact, low in height because it is not mounted on top of a tall tower that can be seen for miles.
[00290] The low-profile wind turbine's profile reduces reasons for public objections often expressed when towered wind turbines destroy the view of landscapes.
[00291] The low profile wind turbines environmental foot print is small compared to conventional wind turbines mounted on towers.
[00292] Pylons do not have to be drilled deeply in the ground to support tall towers with the low profile wind turbine.
[00293] The Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator offers another benefit. The Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator can be installed amongst existing wind turbine towers. The Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generators can capture the kinetic energy possessed in winds flowing under the propeller blades of conventional turbines and between the tall towers to generate electricity. No new land is needed to increase the generation of electricity.

[00294] In addition, the land that was previously approved by Government authorities to allow wind generators already have; personnel, electricity storage and transporting to grid infrastructures in place.
[00295] The electricity generated by the low profile wind turbine becomes incremental to existing conventional wind turbine facilities.
[00296] "Mobile" Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator Attached To Trailing Surfaces of Vehicles Powered By Electricity:
[00297] Air currents flowing over external surfaces of electricity powered vehicles contain kinetic energy.
[00298] This kinetic possessed in high velocity air molecules flowing over the external surfaces of the mobile version of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator is captured to generate electricity to recharge batteries of vehicles powered by electricity.
[00299] The mobile version of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator is mounted on a fixed or temporary structure located at the back end of moving vehicles powered by electric motors.
[00300] Winds flowing past the moving vehicle causes the body of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator to rotate.
[00301] The Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body contains electricity conducting wirings. The windings are rotated through magnetic lines of force of permanent magnets mounted outside of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body.
[00302] The low profile wind turbine uses a horizontal axel about which the flattened cylindrical body containing electricity conducting wiring rotates.

[00303] One permanent magnet's magnetic lines of force is aligned between two Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator bodies containing electricity conducting windings.
[00304] The Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator is designed to generate direct electrical currents flowing in the same direction.
[00305] Generating direct current in the same direction can be achieved by pattering wind capturing protuberances mounted on two counter rotating Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's bodies (A) and (B).
[00306] When the curved surfaced leading edged protuberances on (A) s exterior body points downward, the curved surfaced leading edged protuberances of (B) points upward.
[00307] This pattern of protuberances allows the two different Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's bodies to rotate in opposite directions to each other.
[00308] The permanent magnet is positioned between the two rotating Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's bodies.
[00309] On of its poles' magnetic lines of force sweeps the electrical windings contained within (A)'s Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body. The opposite pole magnetic lines of force sweep through the electrical windings contained within (B)'s Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body.
[00310] Another benefit provided by the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator is created by the aerodynamic forces created by structure that supports it at the back of the vehicle.
[00311] Contrary to accepted wisdom, hanging structures on the rear of vehicles does not necessarily create "drag".

[00312] In fact, when shaped structures are located at certain distances from the trailing surface of a forward moving blunt ended vehicle the structures produce destructive interfering turbulences that reduce zones containing low air pressures. Smaller low air pressure zones result in reducing the volume of air molecule flowing to equalize zone air pressures to equal ambient air pressures. This means that strong forces act upon the moving vehicle to push it backwards into the low air pressure zone resulting in what is referred to as "drag".
[00313] The smaller mobile version of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator as air molecules possessing kinetic energy flow over the external surfaces of the vehicle;
[00314] (i) when it moves forward, [00315] (ii) when energetic compression waves and or decompression waves of air flow past the low profile wind turbine protuberances and [00316] (iii) whenever ambient winds cause the low profile wind turbine to freely rotate even when the vehicle is parked.
[00317] The mobile version of Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator employs the same physics as its larger ground anchored stationary version.
[00318] The same physics that acts on a vehicle moving though the air, is the same physics that acts on an airplane wing.
[00319] In addition, the micro air turbulences created by flowing air molecules over the external surfaces of vehicles moving through air that momentarily create zones of low air pressure that creates "drag" are dispersed by the support structure and body of the low profile wind turbine.

100320] When high velocity air molecules leave the trailing external surfaces of vehicles moving through air they possess kinetic energy, and momentarily form zones of low air pressure, similar to a zone of low air pressure that forms above an airplane wing.
[00321] However, when they hit the low profile wind turbine's structure they create turbulences that destructively interfere with other high velocity air molecules flowing near to them. Energy moves from the high energy air molecules to the lower and slower moving energy molecules, and the net effect is that the zone containing low air pressure air molecules is smaller in volume and has a higher air pressure than otherwise would be formed.
[00322] The structure supporting the low profile wind turbine and the low profile wind turbine itself perform the same function creating destructive interfering turbulences as does ice crystals that form on airplane wings.
[00323] Consequently, high velocity molecules leaving the trailing surfaces of blunt ended vehicles lose some of their energy and are slowed.
[00324] The destructive- interference induced loss of energy causes zones containing low air pressure air molecules to be smaller in volume, the molecule the zones contain have less energy.
[00325] This causes fewer air molecules possessing ambient air pressures to move towards the moving vehicle when they are pushed towards the zones of low air pressure as they equalize the partial vacuum formed behind a moving vehicle. This process means that there are less backward acting forces acting on the forward moving vehicle, and less "drag"
is created.
[00326] When "drag" i.e. air resistance, is reduced, driving distances between battery recharging battery for electrically powered vehicles is extended.

[00327] Solar Cells Located on Vehicle version of low profile wind turbine's Exterior Surfaces:
[00328] Solar cells cover the external surfaces of the protuberances, and body of the low profile turbine's hybrid electricity generating system use to generate electricity while the vehicle is moving or parked.
[00329] The low profile wind turbine possesses enormous surface area upon which the sun's rays shine.
[00330] Advances in solar cell films is advancing rapidly. It is envisioned that for example, light weight, flexible film Perovskite solar cells could cover the surface areas of the protuberances and body of the low profile wind turbine.
1003311 Since the electronics already are existing, the hybrid low profile wind turbine can generate direct current on sunny days that have little ambient winds.
1003321 For more information, please access "Perovskite Solar Cells Could Beat the Efficiency of Silicon" published in Scientific American, July 2015 page 56.
1003331 Figure 1 illustrates the foundation upon which "stationary" low profile wind turbine components are secured. Figure 2 illustrates levitation and zone containing low air pressure. Figures 3a and 3b illustrate the body of low profile wind turbine showing protuberances and levitation ring. Figures 4a and 4b illustrate protuberance bullet shape, that facilitates "action", "reaction", "venting" and "lift". Figure 5 illustrates the "mobile" low profile wind turbine that generates electricity to recharge batteries of electric powered vehicles. The numbered components in the drawings are as follows:
[00334] 2.0) Foundation base into which the following components are embedded: (i) peimanent magnets, (ii) vertical axe! (iii) axels of precession correcting guiding wheels.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-02-23 [00335] 4.0) Large Permanent Magnets embedded into foundation at right angles to the surface of the foundation with their same magnetic polarities pointing upwards.
[00336] 6.0) Magnetic lines of force penetrating through electricity conducting windings [00337] 8.0) Permanent magnets are embedded into the Low Profile Wind Turbine's foundation in vertical alignment, and distributed in a circle under the path of the rotating body's levitation ring.
[00338] These permanent magnets are off-set at an angle from the other vertically embedded permanent magnets positioned under the electricity conducting windings contained within the body of the low profile wind turbine.
[00339] The function of the off-set angled permanent magnets is providing magnetic lines of force to repel magnets with the same polarity, in a forward rotational direction set into levitation ring. Only a few of many off-set angled magnets are shown in the drawing.
[00340] 10.0) Axel around which the low profile wind generator electricity conducting windings rotate through magnetic lines of force.
[00341] 12.0) Wheels to counter precession and/or brake rotating body.
[00342] 22.0) Arrow pointing to storage batteries and lines to power grid - not shown in drawing.
[00343] 16.0) Levitation ring running around the outside of the low profile wind generator's body.
[00344] 30.0) Levitation magnets vertically set into the levitation ring. Only a few permanent magnets of many are shown in the drawing.

[00345] Levitation ring magnets have their poles facing downwards in a vertical alignment. The levitation ring magnets, face their same polarity as the permanent magnets' polarity that are set into the foundation of the low profile wind generator.
[00346] The levitating ring's magnetic lines of force, point downward towards the lines of force emanating from the larger magnets buried into base pad. Both the levitating ring magnets and base pad buried magnetic lines of force have the same polarities. Since like polarities of magnets repel each other the low profile wind turbine is levitated off of its base pad.
[00347] 32.0) Off-set angled levitation magnets are set into foundation and the levitation ring.
[00348] The off-set angled levitation magnets' lines of force that are set into foundation repel the same polarity magnetic lines of force created by magnets set into levitation rings as they pass each other, [00349] The resulting repelling lines of force cause the low profile wind turbine's body to rotate in its' designed direction.
[00350] 18.0) Ambient wind with ambient wind pressure air molecules flowing towards Zone containing low air pressure, air molecules.
[00351] 20.0) Zone of low pressure air molecules on the opposite side of the low profile wind generator 's oncoming wind.
[00352] 22.0) Levitation gap between low profile wind turbine's body and foundation.
[00353] 24.0) Magnetic lines of force repelling each other.
[00354] 2.0) Foundation of low profile wind turbine's base pad.? 40.0) Large permanent magnets vertically aligned and embedded in the Low Profile Wind Turbine's foundation with their top surfaces level with the surface of the foundation.

[00355] 66.0) Large curved surfaced leading edged protuberance attached to retractable torque enhancing bar.
[00356] Levitation Ring [00357] 26.0) Body upon which protuberance are arranged in patterns to facilitate venting.
[00358] 10.0) Axel supports the low profile wind generator's body at its top and its bottom to control precession and rotating electricity conducting windings through magnetic lines of force.
[00359] 16.0) Levitation ring.
[00360] 30.0) Levitation ring's magnets set with the same poles facing downwards so body will levitate off base.
[00361] 32.0) Levitation ring's magnets set slightly off-set to facilitate forward rotational induced by repelling from base's located off-set angled magnet.
[00362] 34.0) Protuberance arranged in pattern to facilitate "venting".
[00363] 36.0) Retractable torque rod with larger bullet shaped protuberances attached to its' opposite ends.
[00364] 2.0) Foundation.
[00365] 22.0) Space created by repelling lines of force between the levitation ring and the foundation that supports the low profile wind turbine's structure.
[00366] 18.0) Ambient air molecules direction of flow.
[00367] 38.0) Zone containing air molecules of lower pounds per square inch pressure compared to ambient air molecules possessing higher pounds per square inch pressure. The zone contains a partial vacuum to which ambient air molecule flow and protuberances are pushed towards.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-02-23 [00368] "Reaction", "Venting" and "Lift"
[00369] 34.0) Protuberance's bullet shaped body, [00370] 18.0) Wind direction - Air molecule possess 15 pounds per square inch air pressure inducing action-reaction forces on protuberances moving them forward.
[00371] 38.0) Zone containing low air pressure air molecules flowing over bullet shaped protuberance curved surface, similar to air molecules momentarily collecting into zones forming on top of air plane wings' curved surfaces that creates "lift'.
[00372] 40.0) Protuberance A's cavity. At points in its' rotation, air molecules possessing pounds per square inch air pressure momentarily collect.
[00373] 42.0) Protuberance B's body is pushed forward by ambient air molecules possessing 15 pounds per square inch into a zone momentarily created behind protuberance A's rear end's depression-shaped cavity that contains molecules possessing ten pounds per square inch.
[00374] 44.0) Wind flowing from ahead of protuberance encounters less air resistance because of its bullet nose.
[00375] 38.0) Air molecules flow over protuberance "A" to collect temporarily in zones containing air molecules of low air pressures compared to ambient air molecules. Protuberance "B" experiences forward pushing energy as ambient air molecules move towards zone containing a partial vacuum behind protuberance "A".
[00376] To Recharge Batteries of Electric Powered Vehicles [00377] 50.0 Permanent magnet in horizontal alignment so north pole faces low profile wind generator A, and south pole faces body of low profile wind generator B
located immediately beside it.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-02-23 [00378] 21.0) low profile wind generator body containing electricity conducting windings.
[00379] 26.0) Protuberance - note the nose of protuberance low profile wind generator's body A, face magnet's North Pole face in one direction while protuberance on low profile wind generator's body B, facing magnet's South Pole face in opposite direction.
This allows the direct current generated to flow in the same direction. This alignment of protuberance beside the magnet is optional. The direction of the flow of low profile wind generator generated can be controlled through circuitry, [00380] 18.0) Ambient air molecules containing ambient air pressures, e.g.
15 pounds per square inch (p.s.i).
[00381] 20.0) Zone momentarily containing air molecule of very low air pressure. The faster the vehicle moves forward or the faster compression and/or decompression waves of air molecules hit the protuberances, the faster the protuberances will rotate the body of the low profile wind generator.
[00382] 54.0) Destructive micro turbulences that destructively interfere with high velocity air molecules flowing over the external surfaces of the vehicle to reduce the size of the zone containing low pressure molecules to which ambient air molecules flow push the vehicle back into it. The micro turbulences reduce "drag".
[00383] 6.0) Magnetic lines of force emanating from permanent magnet mounted on low profile wind turbine's frame [00384] 56.0) Vehicle [00385] 60.0) Horizontal axel supporting low profile wind generator bodies between arms of frame.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-02-23 [00386] 62.0) Frame positioned behind blunt ended vehicle that supports the mobile version-sized low profile wind generator. This frame may be either a permanent part of vehicle.
or alternatively a rack structure that is temporarily attached to the vehicle, similar to bicycle rack.
[00387] 2.0) Foundation into which are embedded large and powerful permanent magnets.
[00388] 4.0) Large and powerful permanent magnets positioned in vertical orientations with their same magnetic lines of force polarities, pointing upwards.
[00389] 6.0) Magnetic lines of force emanating from permanent magnets embedded in the foundation.
[00390] 8.0) Off set permanent magnet embedded into foundation 1003911 10.0) Axel of Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body securely embedded into foundation.
[00392] 12.0) Precession correcting and braking wheels with their axels embedded into foundation.
[00393] 14.0) Arrow pointing to electricity storage batteries, inverter, interconnects, circuit breakers and grid that are not shown in drawings.
[00394] 16.0) Levitation ring that circles the lower edge of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's vertical body closest to the foundation.
[00395] 14.0) Arrow pointing to electricity storage batteries, inverter, interconnects, circuit breakers and grid that are not shown in drawings.
[00396] 16.0) Levitation ring that circles the lower edge of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's vertical body closest to the foundation.
[00397] 18.0) Ambient wind blowing towards low pressure area.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-02-23 [00398] 20.0) Zone on side of the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's body, opposite from where the wind is blowing. This momentarily forming zone contains air molecules of lower air pressure than ambient air molecules.
[00399] 22.0) Space between the Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator's levitated body and its flat surfaced foundation.
[00400] 24.0) Magnetic lines of force with the same polarity, repelling each other.
[00401] 26.0) Body of Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator.
[00402] 28.0) Levitation Ring [00403] 30.0) Permanent magnets vertically embedded into Levitation Ring.
[00404] 32.0) Permanent magnets embedded into the Levitation Ring at an off-angle from vertical.
[00405] 36.01 Retractable - Extendable Torque Rod.
[00406] 38.0) Zone containing low air pressure molecules.
[00407] 40.0) Cavity in blunt end of Protuberance "A".
[00408] 42.0) Cavity in blunt end of Protuberance "B".
[00409] 44.0) Wind blowing towards front of protuberance.
[00410] 46.0) Air flowing over protuberance "A" s external surfaces.
[00411] 50.0) Permanent magnet horizontally placed between two Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator bodies.
[00412] 56.0) Vehicle powered by electricity-1004131 60.0) Frame attached to vehicle that supports body of Low Profile Wind Powered Electricity Generator.
51.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-02-23 1004141 66.0) Large protuberance set on ends of retractable-extendable rod.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-02-23

Claims (4)

What is claimed is:

1. A turbine for generating electricity from air movements, comprising:
A foundation base plate:
An axel extending vertically of the base plate;
A generally cylindrical body attached to the axel and rotatable in a first direction of rotation about the axel and not attached to the foundation base plate, the generally cylindrical body having a bottom, a curved surface, and a top surface;
The generally cylindrical body having a first set of protuberances substantially covering its curved surface and top surface, the protuberances being bullet-shaped having a rounded first end and a blunt second end and the protuberances being placed in end to end horizontal rows with the first end of the protuberances pointing in the first direction of rotation, the ends of the protuberances being close enough to allow venting;
A first ring of magnets located circumferentially around the outside of the bottom of the generally cylindrical body and a corresponding second ring of magnets located on the foundation base plate, the first ring of magnets and the second ring of magnets being aligned and of sufficient strength to lift the generally cylindrical body off the base plate; and Windings contained within the generally cylindrical body and attached to the generally cylindrical body so that when the generally cylindrical body rotates, the windings rotate, and a third set of one or more magnets set in or below the base plate, the windings and third set of one or magnets arranged so that electricity is created when the windings rotate through magnetic lines of force from the third set of one or more magnets.

2. The turbine of claim 1, further comprising solar cells attached to the curved surface and the top surface; and the solar cells being attached to a means for generating electricity from the solar cells.

3. The turbine of claim 1, where the blunt second end of the protuberances have a cavity.

4. A method of generating electricity on a vehicle, the method comprising attaching a turbine of any one of claims 1. to 3 to the vehicle.

Date Regue/Date Received 2023-01-22