CA2885452A1 - Residue cutter for agricultural machine - Google Patents

Residue cutter for agricultural machine Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2885452A1
CA2885452A1 CA2885452A CA2885452A CA2885452A1 CA 2885452 A1 CA2885452 A1 CA 2885452A1 CA 2885452 A CA2885452 A CA 2885452A CA 2885452 A CA2885452 A CA 2885452A CA 2885452 A1 CA2885452 A1 CA 2885452A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
residue
cutter according
residue cutter
strips
cutting blades
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA2885452A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
David Robert Hundeby
Dean Jay Mayerle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to CA2885452A priority Critical patent/CA2885452A1/en
Publication of CA2885452A1 publication Critical patent/CA2885452A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00Sowing
    • A01C7/006Minimum till seeding
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B33/00Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs
    • A01B33/02Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs with tools on horizontal shaft transverse to direction of travel
    • A01B33/021Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs with tools on horizontal shaft transverse to direction of travel with rigid tools
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00Combined machines
    • A01B49/04Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • A01B49/06Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Sowing (AREA)

Abstract

This residue cutter is a cutting apparatus designed to cut and clear strips in fields with significant prior crop residue. The residue cutter may be operated as a stand-alone machine or ahead of ground engaging tools, allowing the ground engaging tools to operate in undisturbed soil that is clear and free of prior crop residue. When used on a planting machine, this invention prevents plugging when using knife-type openers and prevents hair-pinning when using disc-type openers. The invention therefore allows the seeds to be placed with accurate depth control and with excellent soil-seed contact. Soil around and above the seed is left exposed to the sun for accelerated warming and faster germination.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Residue from prior crops can be substantial and farmers desire to do less tillage in order to conserve moisture and to prevent wind and water erosion. Crop residue on the soil surface can prevent wind and water erosion, but cause significant difficulty when attempting to plant directly into heavy residue conditions. Planting is typically done with disc openers or with knife openers. There have been many attempts to mitigate the negative aspects of trying to seed into soil that has significant residue on the surface. There are numerous variations of residue managers on the market that are designed to operate ahead of disc openers. One method has been to chop up the residue in an effort to make it easier for the seed openers to penetrate into the ground, as shown in US patent 2,455,147 and US
patent 5,743,338. Another method was to use a rotary cutter operating ahead of ground openers as shown in US patent 2,781,709. In US Patent 4,607,580, Monty showed a method of using a chain flail to break up the residue and take it over the seed openers, before returning it back on to the soil surface. It is very common in corn growing areas to have some rotating spoked discs designed to move the residue away from an area directly ahead of the disc opener. This is shown by Martin in US patent 4,785,890 as well as many others. The problem is that when the crop residue is a heavy mat, and especially if the residue is wet, it can be very difficult to separate and move the crop residue out of the way of the disc opener. Some manufacturers offer a coulter to operate in conjunction with the rotating residue managers as shown in US patent 8,393,407, but when operating at a depth sufficient to cut the residue, the seed bed condition is often compromised. Knife openers can push straw and plug quite easily unless the residue has been properly chopped and spread by the combine at harvest time. In addition, the residue usually must be broken up with a heavy harrow prior to planting the subsequent crop. This is especially difficult if the previous crop was lodged badly, so that there is a lot of the residue that did not go through the combine at the previous harvest.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This residue cutter is an invention that operates in crop residue to cut and clear a path for the ground engaging tools of a planting or seeding device. The residue cutter utilizes flails spinning at high speed about an axis substantially transverse to the direction of travel. In order to operate efficiently it is important that the tips of the flails operate very close to the ground surface. With sharp flails, operating close to the ground surface, the flails can cut and remove most of the residue in a narrow strip directly ahead of the ground engaging tools.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a side view of a residue cutter machine.
Fig. 2 shows a side view residue cutter attached to a tine-type fertilizing machine Fig. 3 shows a side view of a residue cutter on a disc-type fertilizing machine Fig. 4 is a side view of a residue cutter attached to the frame of a planter with disc openers.
Fig. 5 is a side view of a residue cutter attached to the frame of an air drill with knife openers.
Fig. 6 is a top view and rear view showing crop residue patterns, residue cutter, seed and/or fertilizer placement, and new crop establishment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In recent years, there has been a concerted effort to change farming practices. In drier farming areas, farmers are leaving more residue on the soil surface in order to conserve moisture and prevent wind erosion. In higher rainfall areas, there has been a move toward leaving more residue on the soil surface in order to minimize soil erosion due to water run-
2 off. Having this added residue from previous crops on the soil surface has made it difficult to plant into these conditions. Depending on the type of ground openers, this added residue causes plugging when using knife-type openers and hair-pinning when using disc-type openers. Therefore, it is desirable to remove or minimize the residue in the narrow strip immediately ahead of each ground opener, in order to place the seed properly in the soil and promote fast germination and quick emergence. Another downside to having significant residue on the soil surface is that the residue acts as an insulator, slowing the warming of the soil in the spring. It is beneficial to hasten the soil warming in order to aid in the germination of the seeds and emergence of the seedlings.
There are a number of advantageous embodiments of this invention. Figure 1 shows a residue cutter 1, attached to a residue cutter frame 2, supported by a transport frame 3.
The residue cutter frame 2 is attached to transport frame 3 in such a manner that the relative height of the residue cutter frame 2 can be adjusted by an actuator 4. This machine would typically be towed and powered by a farm tractor. This embodiment could be utilized shortly after the previous crop has been harvested. The machine uses mapping software, most commonly utilizing GPS signals, but could include any method to establish a history of local field work. The residue cutters would remove the residue from narrow strips that are spaced the same as the row spacing on the fertilizing, or seed planting machine that is to be used later on that field. At the desired future time, the farmer would plant the field on the same row spacing using a mapping-equipped seed planting machine such that the openers on the planter would follow in the narrow, cleared strips. This would enable the planting to be done in strips of warmer soil that is free of residue, allowing the farmer to plant the crop earlier, thus enhancing the germination, emergence and yield potential of the crop.
Figure 1 also shows a number of details regarding the invention. The residue cutter 1 may include straight knives 5 or flail knives 6, attached to tube 7, all spinning about axis 8.The most advantageous direction of the spinning is shown as item 9. The residue cutter may include stationary knives 10.
A second advantageous embodiment of this invention is shown in Figure 2. This shows a residue cutter 1, attached to an independent residue cutter frame 2, supported by a
3 fertilizer applicator toolbar 11. The fertilizer applicator toolbar 11 also supports fertilizer knife openers 12, for placing fertilizer in the soil. With this embodiment, the residue cutter 1 removes strips of residue immediately ahead of each fertilizer knife opener 12. This allows the fertilizer to be placed in the soil without plugging and leaves a bare strip of soil above each fertilizer row. In a subsequent operation, seed can be placed in a row located directly above the fertilizer, in the bare strip of soil using some sort of guidance system for the planting machine.
Another advantageous embodiment of this invention is shown in Figure 3. This shows a residue cutter 1, attached to a residue cutter frame 2, supported by a fertilizer toolbar 11.
The fertilizer toolbar 11 also supports fertilizer disc openers 13, for placing fertilizer in the soil. With this embodiment, the residue cutter 1 removes strips of residue immediately ahead of each fertilizer disc opener 13. This allows the fertilizer to be placed in the soil without hairpinning and leaves a bare strip of soil above each fertilizer row.
In a subsequent operation, seed can be placed in a row located directly above the fertilizer, in the bare strip of soil using some sort of guidance system for the planting machine.
The residue cutter 1 may be used in combination with a planter frame 14 that is equipped with seed disc openers 15 as shown in Figure 4. With this combination, the residue cutter 1 removes strips of residue immediately ahead of each seed disc opener 15.
This allows the seed to be placed in the soil without hairpinning and leaves a bare strip of soil above each fertilizer row. This bare strip promotes faster soil warming and quicker germination.
The residue cutter 1 may be used in combination with an air drill frame 16 that is equipped with seed knife openers 17 and possibly fertilizer knife openers 12 as shown in Figure 5.
With this combination, the residue cutter 1 removes strips of residue immediately ahead of each seed fertilizer opener 17 and ahead of each fertilizer knife opener 12.
This allows the seed and fertilizer to be placed in the soil without plugging or bunching of the residue and leaves a bare strip of soil above each seed and fertilizer row. This bare strip promotes faster soil warming and quicker germination.
Figure 6 shows a number of views of crop residue, both before and after treatment with a residue cutter 1. Item 18 is a top view of crop residue 18 prior to utilizing the residue cutter
4 1. Also shown on Figure 6 is a top view of the residue cutter 1, including straight knives 5, flail knives 6, tube 7, and axis 8.The direction of travel is shown as item 19. It is important to note that in the described embodiment the axis of rotation 8, is substantially perpendicular to the direction of travel 19, however in other configurations it is beneficial to operate with an axis of rotation at an angle to the direction of travel, up to a maximum of 45 degrees. Item 20 is a top view of crop residue after treatment with the residue cutter 1.
Item 21 is a rear view of crop residue prior to treatment with the residue cutter 1. Item 21 shows crop residue standing as well as crop residue laying on the soil surface 22. Item 23 is a rear view of crop residue after treatment with the residue cutter 1. Item 24 shows the location of fertilizer or seed placed in the soil below the bare strip created by the residue cutter 1. Item 25 shows a small plant growing in the bare strip left by the residue cutter.
A variety of rotating blades and stationary knives may be used depending on the crop residue. Straight cutting blades will give a more defined edge to the horizontal crop residue. Flail cutting blades will help to create suction to lift horizontal crop residue off the soil surface an up into the rotating cutting blades. The stationary knives help to chop the crop residue into smaller pieces.

Claims (25)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY OR
PRIVLEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
I claim:
1. A residue cutter mounted on an agricultural machine having powered rotating cutting knives adapted for creating cleared strips in crop residue, wherein the majority of the residue from the cleared strips is placed into adjacent areas, 2. The residue cutter according to claim 1 wherein the cleared strips represent less than 50% of the total area of the field 3. The residue cutter according to claim 1 wherein the rotational axis of the cutting blades are substantially transverse to the direction of travel, 4. The residue cutter according to claim 1 wherein the cleared strips are spaced to allow fertilizing or seed planting in the cleared strips.

5. The residue cutter according to claim 1 wherein the cleared strips are mapped for future seed planting or fertilizing pathways 6. The residue cutter according to claim 1 wherein the agricultural machine also includes ground engaging tools 7. The residue cutter according to claim 1 wherein the rotating cutting blades are powered hydraulically, 8. The residue cutter according to claim 1 wherein the rotating cutting blades are mounted on independent frame that follows the ground at a pre-determined height, very close to the ground.
9. The residue cutter according to claim 1 wherein the rotating cutting blades are mounted on a seed planting machine.
10.A residue cutter mounted on an agricultural machine having powered rotating cutting knives adapted for creating cleared strips in crop residue, a majority of the residue from the cleared strips is placed into adjacent areas, wherein the cleared strips represent less than 50% of the total area of the field.
11.The residue cutter according to claim 10 wherein the rotational axis of the cutting blades are substantially transverse to the direction of travel, 12.The residue cutter according to claim 10 wherein the cleared strips are spaced to allow fertilizing or seed planting in the cleared strips 13. The residue cutter according to claim 10 wherein the cleared strips are mapped for future seed planting pathways 14.The residue cutter according to claim 10 wherein the agricultural machine also includes ground engaging tools 15.The residue cutter according to claim 10 wherein the rotating cutting blades are powered hydraulically, 16.The residue cutter according to claim 10 wherein the rotating cutting blades are mounted on independent frame that follows the ground at a pre-determined height, very close to the ground.
17.The residue cutter according to claim 10 wherein the rotating cutting blades are mounted on a seed planting machine.

18.A residue cutter mounted on an agricultural machine having powered rotating cutting knives adapted for creating cleared strips in crop residue, a majority of the residue from the cleared strips is placed into adjacent areas, the cleared strips represent less than 50% of the total area of the field, the rotational axis of the cutting blades are substantially transverse to the direction of travel, wherein the cleared strips are spaced to allow fertilizing or seed planting in the cleared strips 19.The residue cutter according to claim 18 wherein the cleared strips are mapped for future seed planting pathways 20.The residue cutter according to claim 18 wherein the agricultural machine also includes ground engaging tools 21.The residue cutter according to claim 18 wherein the rotating cutting blades are powered hydraulically, 22.The residue cutter according to claim 18 wherein the rotating cutting blades are mounted on independent frame that follows the ground at a pre-determined height, very close to the ground.
23. The residue cutter according to claim 18 wherein the rotating cutting blades are mounted on a seed planting machine.
ELEMENTS NUMBERED ON FIGURES:
1. Residue Cutter
2. Residue Cutter frame
3. Transport frame
4. Actuator
5. Straight Blades
6. Flail Blades
7. Central Tube
8. Rotation Axis
9. Rotation Direction
10. Stationary Knife
11. Fertilizer Applicator Toolbar
12. Fertilizer Knife opener
13. Fertilizer Disc Opener
14. Planter Frame
15.Seed Disc Openers
16.Air Drill frame
17.Seed Knife Opener
18.Top view of Crop Residue prior to residue cutter
19. Direction of Travel
20. Top view of Crop Residue after residue cutter treatment
21. Rear view of Crop Residue prior to residue cutter treatment
22. Rear view of Soil Surface
23. Rear view of Crop Residue after residue cutter treatment
24. Rear view of seed or fertilizer location
25. Rear view of small plant References Cited:
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
2,455,147 Nov. 30, 1948 Traver 2,781,709 Feb. 19. 1957 Caldwell et al 4,607,580 Aug. 26, 1986 Monty 4,785,890 Nov. 22, 1988 Martin 5,743,338 Apr. 28, 1998 Pompeyo et al 8,393,407 Mar. 12, 2013 Freed
CA2885452A 2015-03-19 2015-03-19 Residue cutter for agricultural machine Abandoned CA2885452A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2885452A CA2885452A1 (en) 2015-03-19 2015-03-19 Residue cutter for agricultural machine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2885452A CA2885452A1 (en) 2015-03-19 2015-03-19 Residue cutter for agricultural machine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2885452A1 true CA2885452A1 (en) 2016-09-19

Family

ID=56944010

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA2885452A Abandoned CA2885452A1 (en) 2015-03-19 2015-03-19 Residue cutter for agricultural machine

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CA (1) CA2885452A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11579590B2 (en) 2019-10-31 2023-02-14 Deere & Company Wireless mobile work machine component detection and control system
US11825762B2 (en) 2019-10-31 2023-11-28 Deere & Company Powered clearing-disks, control system, and method of use
US12063882B2 (en) 2019-10-31 2024-08-20 Deere & Company Volumetric metering system with improved roller detection

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11579590B2 (en) 2019-10-31 2023-02-14 Deere & Company Wireless mobile work machine component detection and control system
US11825762B2 (en) 2019-10-31 2023-11-28 Deere & Company Powered clearing-disks, control system, and method of use
US12063882B2 (en) 2019-10-31 2024-08-20 Deere & Company Volumetric metering system with improved roller detection

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Effective date: 20180320