CA2843494A1 - Method and system for uplink control channel transmit diversity using multiple downlink control channel based resource allocation - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and network element for allocating uplink resources for hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement at a user equipment (UE), the method indicating a first set of uplink resources to the user equipment; and indicating a first subset of the first set of uplink resources that the UE may transmit upon using a position of a first downlink control channel (DCCH) scheduling a downlink shared channel (DSCH) on a cell. Further, a method at a user equipment (UE) for receiving an allocation of uplink resources for HARQ acknowledgement, the method receiving a first set of uplink resources; deriving a first subset of uplink resources that the UE may transmit upon using downlink control information bits within a first downlink control channel on a primary cell, and deriving a second subset of the first set of uplink resources that the UE may transmit upon within a second downlink control channel.

Description

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR UPLINK CONTROL CHANNEL TRANSMIT
DIVERSITY USING MULTIPLE DOWNLINK CONTROL CHANNEL BASED
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
CLAIM OF PRIORITY
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No.
61/522,434 filed on August 11, 2011; U.S. Patent Application No. 13/248,638 filed on September 29, 2011;
U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/541,848 filed on September 30, 2011; U.S.
Provisional Application No. 61/555,572 filed on November 4, 2011; U.S. Provisional Application No.
61/556,356 filed on November 7, 2011; and U.S. Patent Application No.
13/527,017 filed on June 19, 2012, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present disclosure relates to resource allocation and in particular relates to resource allocation for uplink transmit diversity.
BACKGROUND
Spatial transmit diversity utilizes a plurality of antennas to send a signal.
Because the signals sent from different transmit antennas interfere with one another at the receiver, additional signal processing is needed at both the transmitter and receiver in order to achieve diversity while removing or at least attenuating the spatial interference.
Multiple antenna transmit diversity is often categorized into two classes:
open-loop and closed-loop. Open-loop refers to systems that do not require knowledge of the channel at the transmitter.
One issue for many open loop channel selection transmission diversity schemes is that distinct PUCCH resource is transmitted on each antenna. Therefore, at least two resources must be indicated from a cell from each open loop transmission diversity user equipment.
This is straightforward for channel selection using LTE Rel-10 time division duplex (TDD) resource allocation when Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)-ACK bits (also called Ack/Nack bits) correspond to one physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) subframe, for example when spatial multiplexing is used with .11=1, or Ack,Nack Resource indicator (ARI) based resource allocation is used, since in these modes two physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources are indicated with one PDCCH.
However, when two PDCCHs are used to indicate two PUCCH resources from one cell when M1, the issue is not as straightforward since Rel-10 TDD implicit resource allocation indicates one PUCCH resource independently per physical downlink control channel (PDCCH).
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present disclosure will be better understood with reference to the drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a diagram of a conventional subframe having the structure of PUCCH

formats la and lb with normal cyclic prefix;
Figure 2 is a diagram of conventional explicit and implicit signaling for designating PUCCH for use by a user equipment device;
Figure 3 is a block diagram showing a resource selection transmission diversity transmitter;
Figure 4 is a flow diagram for implicit-explicit resource indication;
Figure 5 is a simplified block diagram of a network element; and Figure 6 is a block diagram of an example mobile device.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present disclosure provides a method of allocating uplink resources for hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:
indicating a first set of uplink resources to the user equipment; and indicating a first subset of the first set of uplink resources that the UE may transmit upon using a position of a first downlink control channel (DCCH) scheduling a downlink shared channel (DSCH) on a cell.
The present disclosure further provides a network element for allocating uplink resources for hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement, the network element comprising: a processor; and a communications subsystem, wherein the processor and communications subsystem are configured to: indicate a first set of uplink resources to a user equipment (UE); and indicate a first subset of the first set of uplink resources that the UE may transmit upon using a position of a first downlink control channel (DCCH) scheduling a downlink shared channel (DSCH) on a cell.
The present disclosure further provides a method at a user equipment (UE) for receiving an allocation of uplink resources for hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement, the method comprising: receiving a first set of uplink resources from a network element; and deriving a first subset of the first set of uplink resources that the UE may transmit upon using a position of a first downlink control channel (DCCH) scheduling a downlink shared channel (DSCH) on a cell.

The present disclosure further provides a user equipment (UE) for receiving an allocation of uplink resources for hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement, the user equipment comprising: a processor; and a communications subsystem, wherein the processor and communications subsystem are configured to: receive a first set of uplink resources from a network element; and derive a first subset of the first set of uplink resources that the UE may transmit upon using a position of a first downlink control channel (DCCH) scheduling a downlink shared channel (DSCH) on a cell.
The present disclosure further provides a method of allocating uplink resources for hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: indicating a first set of uplink resources to the user equipment; indicating a first subset of the first set of uplink resources that the UE may transmit upon using downlink control information bits within a first downlink control channel that schedules a downlink shared channel (DSCH) on a primary cell, wherein the first downlink control channel is transmitted on the primary cell; and indicating a second subset of the first set of uplink resources that the UE may transmit upon by downlink control information bits within a second downlink control channel, wherein the uplink resources in the second subset may be the same as the uplink resources in the first subset of uplink resources.
The present disclosure further provides a network element for allocating uplink resources for hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement, the network element comprising: a processor; and a communications subsystem, wherein the processor and communications subsystem are configured to: indicate a first set of uplink resources to a user equipment (UE); indicate a first subset of the first set of uplink resources that the UE may transmit upon using downlink control information bits within a first downlink control channel that schedules a downlink shared channel (DSCH) on a primary cell, wherein the first downlink control channel is transmitted on the primary cell; and indicate a second subset of the first set of uplink resources that the UE may transmit upon by downlink control information bits within a second downlink control channel, wherein the uplink resources in the second subset may be the same as the uplink resources in the first subset of uplink resources.
The present disclosure further provides a method at a user equipment (UE) for receiving an allocation of uplink resources for hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement, the method comprising: receiving a first set of uplink resources to the user equipment; deriving a first subset of the first set of uplink resources that the UE may transmit upon using downlink control information bits within a first downlink control channel that schedules a downlink shared channel (DSCH) on a primary cell, wherein the first downlink control channel is received on the primary cell; and deriving a second subset of the first set of uplink resources that the UE may transmit upon by downlink control infonnation bits within a second downlink control channel, wherein the uplink resources in the second subset may be the same as the uplink resources in the first subset of uplink resources.
The present disclosure further provides a user equipment (UE) for receiving an allocation of uplink resources for hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement, the user equipment comprising: a processor; and a comtnunications subsystem, wherein the processor and communications subsystem are configured to: receive a first set of uplink resources to the user equipment; derive a first subset of the first set of uplink resources that the UE may transmit upon using downlink control information bits within a first downlink control channel that schedules a downlink shared channel (DSCH) on a primary cell, wherein the first downlink control channel is received on the primary cell; and derive a second subset of the first set of uplink resources that the UE may transmit upon by downlink control information bits within a second downlink control channel, wherein the uplink resources in the second subset may be the same as the uplink resources in the first subset of uplink resources.
Because the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) Standard Release 8 (hereinafter "Re1-8") frame structure 2 (time-division duplex [TDD) may have many more downlink subframes than uplink subframes and because each of the downlink subframes carries up to two transport blocks, Re1-8 TDD supports transmission of up to 4 Ack/Nack (AiN) bits in a subframe. If more than 4 A/N bits are required, the spatial bundling in which two Ack/Nack bits of the same downlink subframe are bundled is supported. These 4 Ack/Nack bits can be transmitted using channel selection. More recently, LTE Release 10 (hereinafter "Rel-10") uses channel selection for up to 4 Ack/Nack bits to support carrier aggregation for both frame structures, i.e., frequency division duplex (FDD) and TDD. Therefore, the use of channel selection for Ack/Nack feedback is of growing interest.
Ack/Nack bits are carried in LTE, using physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) format "la" and "lb" on PUCCH resources, as described below. Because no more than 2 bits can be carried in these PUCCH fonnats, 2 extra information bits are needed for carrying 4 Ack/Nack bits. These extra two bits can be conveyed through channel selection.
A user equipment (UE), sometimes hereinafter referred to as a "client node,"
encodes information using channel selection by selecting a PUCCH resource to transmit on. Channel selection uses 4 PUCCH resources to convey these two bits. This can be described using the data in Table 1 below:

Codewords 0 to 15 RResDRes0000.000100100011010001010110.011110001001101010111100110111101111 0 0 1 j -j -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 j -j -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 j -j -1 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 j -j -1 Table 1: PUCCH format lb channel selection Each column of the table indicates a combination of Ack/Nack bits (or a "codeword") to be transmitted. Each row of the table represents a PUCCH resource. Each cell contains a QPSK symbol transmitted on the PUCCH resource to indicate the codeword. The "DRes"
column indicates which PUCCH resource carries the QPSK symbol, and the "RRes"
column indicates the PUCCH resource used to carry the reference symbol. It is noted that the data and reference symbol resources are the same for Re1-8 channel selection. Note that each column of the table contains only one non-zero entry, since channel selection requires that only one resource is transmitted upon at a time on one transmission path. Transmitting on one transmission path maintains the good peak to average power characteristics of the signals carried on the PUCCH. The term "transmission path" refers to an RF chain that contains at least one power amplifier and is connected to one antenna.
For example, when Ack/Nack bits '0110' are to be transmitted, the UE can transmit the QPSK data symbol '-j' using PUCCH resource 'I.' The reference signal transmission can also be on PUCCH resource '1'.
LTE carries Ack/Nack signaling on foiiiiat la and lb of the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), as specified in Rel 10. An example of the subframe structure of PUCCH
formats la and lb with nomial cyclic prefix is shown in Figure 1. Each foi mat la/lb PUCCH can be in a subframe 100 made up of two slots, 110 and 120. The same modulation symbol "d" 130 can be used in both slots. Without channel selection, formats la and lb set carries one and two AckiNack bits, respectively. These bits are encoded into the modulation symbol "d,"
using BPSK or QPSK modulation, depending on whether one or two Ack/Nack bits are used.
Each data modulation symbol, d, is spread with a sequence, rõ(n) 132 such that it is by a 12 samples long, which is the number of subcarriers in an LTE resource block in most cases. (For example, those of skill in the art will understand that a Multimedia Broadcast multicast service Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) transmission can use 24 subcarriers in a resource block when the subcarriers are spaced 7.5 kHz apart.). Next, the spread samples are mapped to the 12 subcarriers the PUCCH is to occupy and then converted to the time domain with an IDFT, shown by block 140. Since the PUCCH is rarely transmitted simultaneously with other physical channels in LTE, the subcarriers that do not correspond to PUCCH are set to zero. Four replicas of the spread signal are then each multiplied with one element of an orthogonal cover sequence wp(m), shown by block 150, where m e f0,1,2,3 corresponds to each one of 4 data bearing OFDM symbols in the slot. There are 3 reference symbols (R1, R2, and R3) in each slot 110 and 120 that allow channel estimation for coherent demodulation of formats 1 a/1 b.
There can be 12 orthogonal spreading sequences (corresponding to r,,(i) with a e {0,1,...,11} indicating the cyclic shift) and one of them is used to spread each data symbol.
Furthermore, in Re1-8, there are 3 orthogonal cover sequences wp(m) with p e (0,1,21 and m E (0,1,2,3}. Each spreading sequence is used with one of the orthogonal cover sequences to form an orthogonal resource. Therefore, up to 12*3=36 orthogonal resources are available per each resource block of the PUCCH. The total amount of resources that can carry Ack/Nack is then 36 times the number of resource blocks (RBs) allocated for format 1/1a/
lb.
Each orthogonal resource can carry one Ack/Nack modulation symbol "d," and, therefore, up to 36 UEs may transmit an Ack/Nack symbol on the same OFDM
resource elements without mutually interfering. Similarly, when distinct orthogonal resources are transmitted from multiple antennas by a UE, they will tend to not interfere with each other, or with different orthogonal resources transmitted from other UEs. When there is no channel selection, the orthogonal resource used by the UE is known by the eNB. As discussed below, in case of channel selection, a predetermined set of the information bits determines the orthogonal resource to be utilized. The eNB detects that set of the information bits by recognizing what orthogonal resource is carrying other information bits.
Orthogonal resources used for reference symbols are generated in a similar manner as data symbols. They are also generated using a cyclic shift and an orthogonal cover sequence applied to multiple reference signal uplink modulation symbols. Because there are a different number of reference and data modulation symbols in a slot, the orthogonal cover sequences are different length for data and for reference signals. Nevertheless, there are an equal number of orthogonal resources available for data and for reference signals. Therefore, a single index can be used to refer to the two orthogonal resources used by a UE for both the data and reference signals, and this has been used since Re1-8. This index is signaled in Re1-8 as a PUCCH
resource index, and is indicated in the LTE specifications as the variable npuL)Jcui . The aforementioned LTE specifications include: (1) 3GPP TS 36.213 V10.1.0, "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network:
Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA): Physical Layer Procedures (Release 10)", March, 2011;
(hereinafter "Reference '1') and (2) 3GPP TS 36.211 V10.1.0, "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical Channels and Modulation (Release 10)", March, 2011.
(hereinafter "Reference '2'). This index indicates both the RB and the orthogonal resource used to carry data and reference signals, and the indexed resource is therefore referred to as a 'PUCCH resource' in 3GPP parlance.
One cyclic shift may be used to transmit all symbols in a slot (including both data and reference symbols) associated with an antenna. In this case, the value of a is constant over the slot. However, LTE Re1-8 also supports cyclic shift hopping, where a varies over the slot.
Cyclic shift hopping transmissions are synchronized within a cell such that UEs following the cell-specific hopping pattern do not mutually interfere. If neighbor cells also use cyclic shift hopping, then for each symbol in a slot, different UEs in the neighbor cells will tend to interfere with a UE in a serving cell. This provides an "interference averaging" behavior that can mitigate the case where one or a small number of neighbor cell UEs strongly interfere with a UE in the serving cell. Because the same number of non-mutually interfering PUCCH
resources are available in a cell regardless of whether cyclic shift hopping is used, PUCCH
resource can be treated equivalently for the hopping and non-hopping cases.
Therefore, hereinafter when reference is made to a PUCCH resource, it may be either hopped or non-hopped.
The PUCCH format la/ lb structure shown in Figure 1 varies, depending on a few special cases. One variant of the structure that is important to some Tx diversity designs for format la/lb is that the last symbol of slot 1, shown by reference numeral 160, may be dropped (not transmitted), in order to not interfere with SRS transmissions from other UEs.
In LTE Rel-10, carrier aggegation up to 4 Ack/Nack bits may be indicated using channel selection. The PUCCH resource that a UE is to use may be signaled using a cotnbination of implicit and explicit signaling. For example, as shown in Figure 2, one or more resources are signaled Unplicitly using the location of the scheduling grant for the UE on the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) of its primary cell (PCell), as shown by reference numeral 210, and one or nriore resources may be indicated using the Ack/Nack resource indicator (ARI) bits contained in the gant for the UE on the PDCCH of one of the UE's secondary cells (SCells), as shown by reference numeral 220.
While not shown in Figure 2, those of skill in the art will understand that it is also possible for all PUCCH resources to be allocated with implicit signaling. This occurs when PDCCH of SCell is transmitted on PCell with cross carrier scheduling.

UEs may be scheduled on a set of control channel elements (CCEs) that are specific to that UE only. This is indicated in Figure 2 as the UE Specific Search Space (UESS) 230. The UE Specific Search Space 230 is normally different in each subframe.
LTE PUCCH resources can be implicitly signaled by the position of a physical downlink control channel scheduling a physical downlink shared channel on a cell. The position is the index of the first CCE occupied by the grant transmitted to the UE on the PCell PDCCH (labeled = L in Figure 2) is used for this purpose. Up to two PUCCH
resources may be determined this way from one PDCCH in Re1-10. When two resources are implicitly signaled, the second PUCCH resource index is calculated using the next CCE after the first CCE of the PDCCH detected by the UE (i.e., nc(E,i = L +1, as shown in Figure 2). As discussed in section 10.1 of 3CiPP TS 36.213 V10.1.0, "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical Layer Procedures (Release 101', March, 2011, the first and second implicit PUCCH resource indices are mapped from the first CCE index using (i) np(1t).ccm =12(7cE.1 NccH anunpuccri,i 1= na,E.1+1+ NCH , respectively, they are -adjacent resources. Due to the way PUCCH resources are indexed in LTE, this means that they will typically share the same PUCCH physical resource block (PRB) unless one of the two resources is near the first or the last resource in a PRB.
Because the UE Specific Search Space varies subframe by subfi-ame, the PUCCH
resource mapped to by its CCEs also varies. Therefore, the implicit resource can be in multiple different RBs depending on the subframe.
In LTE Rel-10, two bits of the PDCCH on the SCell inay be used as Ack/Nack Resource Indicator (ARI) bits. Also, up to two PUCCH resources may be indicated by PDCCH of the SCell. This means that 4 combinations of PUCCH resources are indicated by ARI, and each combination comprises one or two PUCCH resources.
In contrast to implicit signaling, explicit PUCCH resources are selected from a set of PUCCH resources that are signaled to the UE. The PUCCH resources a UE is to use are addressed by the ARI, and the set of PUCCH resources is semi-statically allocated to each UE. Therefore, explicit PUCCH resources do not move between PUCCH RBs unless the UE is reconfigured using higher layer signaling. Since an implicitly signaled PUCCH
resource occupies different RBs on a subfi-ame-by-subframe basis, but an explicitly signaled PUCCH
resource occupies the same RB until the UE is reconfigured, the explicit and implicit PUCCH
resources will commonly not be in the same PUCCH RB.

W02()13/023168 CA 02843494 2014-01-The pairs of explicit resources corresponding to each Ack,Nack Resource Indicator (AR1) state are independently signaled such that they can be positioned anywhere in the PUCCH resource. This can be implemented using the RRC signaling of PUCCH-Config information elements as disclosed in section 6.3.2 of 3GPP TS 36.331 V10.1.0, "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Acce.ss Network;
Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA): Radio Resource Control (RRC);
Protocol specification (Release I0)," March, 2011. This means that the PUCCH
resources can be, but are not necessarily, configured to be in the same PRI3.
LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) supports asymmetric operation, wherein the number of subframes allocated to downlink and to uplink transmissions are different. In such a case, Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)-ACK information transmitted from the UE
in one subframe can correspond to multiple downlink subframes. The number of downlink subframes on a serving cell for which the UE provides HARQ-ACK information is generally referred to with the variable M. Because the number of downlink subframes requiring HARQ-ACK in a given uplink subframe can vary with time, the variable is a function of the subframe index.
Because the UE may not receive a PDCCH transmission, a two bit Downlink Assignment Index (DAI) is included in the Downlink Control Information (DC1) carried within TDD PDCCHs. The DAI is encoded, for example, as shown in Table 2 below, which refers to Section 7.3 of the 3GPP TS 36.213 V10.1.0, "3rd Generation Partnership Project;
Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA): Physical Layer Procedures (Release I0)", March 2011, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
As used herein, DAI=1 refers to the first row of Table 2, containing DAI state (0,0).
DAI=2 refers to the second row of Table 2, containing DAI state (0,1).
Similarly, DAI=3 and DAI=4, refer to the third and fourth rows of Table 2, respectively.
Number of subframes with PDSCH
DAI
MSBLSB Vul or VDL transmission and with PDCCH
indicating , DAI DAI
DL SPS release 0,0 1 1 or 5 or 9 0,1 2 2 or 6 1,0 3 3 or 7 1,1 4 0 or 4 or 8 Table 2: Value of Downlink Assignment Index The ability to have HARQ-ACK information in one uplink subframe correspond to multiple downlink subframes leads to somewhat different PUCCH resource allocation mechanisms from Frequency Division Duplex (FDD). When M > 1 and implicit resource allocation is used, multiple PDCCHs transmitted in different downlink subframes are used to determine PUCCH resources that are used in one subframe. This is described, for example, in Section 10.1.3 of the 3GPP TS 36.213 specification.
A variety of open loop uplink transmit diversity schemes for channel selections have been proposed, including a Resource Selection Transmit Diversity (RSTD) transmission diversity scheme that uses a small number of PUCCH resources. Such schemes use less than double the PUCCH resources of a single antenna transmission, and are called 'resource efficient' transmission diversity. Because Release 10 resource allocation may be difficult to apply in some cases for resource efficient transmit diversity schemes, it may be advantageously used with embodiments herein, and is described below.
RSTD uses an additional spatial dimension in a multi-antenna transmission scenario to communicate the Ack/Nack information and hence improve the performance as compared to single antenna channel selection. In RSTD, for each combination of Ack/Nack bits a pair of orthogonal resources is selected for transmission on two antennas. Different codewords (combinations of Ack/Nack bits) are distinguished by different pairs of orthogonal resources and/or different modulation symbols. With this structure, RSTD can exploit transmit diversity with the same or a slightly larger number of orthogonal resources available for single antenna channel selection.
In particular, reference is made to Figure 3, which shows an exemplary RSTD
transmission.
In particular, two bits, 310 and 312, are provided to a QPSK modulator 314.
Further, two bits, 320 and 322, are provided to a channel selector 324.
QPSK modulator 314 provides modulation symbols to antennas 330 and 332. In particular, modulations are provided to slots 340 and 342 of antenna 330 and to slots 350 and 352 of antenna 332.
Similarly, channel selector 324 provides both data resources and reference symbol resources to each of the slots 340, 342, 350 and 352.
Thus, considering a general framework, it may be assumed that the resources used for different reference symbols may vary from those used for data. Hence, for each combination of Ack/Nack bits, a pair of resources for data and a pair of resources for RS
transmission may be selected. Also, the modulation symbols the second antenna carries can be different between the two slots and each of these symbols may be different from the symbol carried on the first antenna in the same slot.

Referring now to Table 3 below, the table shows an RSTD code for the case of four Ack/Nack bits. In particular, in Table 3 the rows represent combinations of Ack/Nack bits and the columns represent PUCCH resources used for data or reference symbols.
`DTX' indicates a PDCCH was not received by the UE, `NACK/DTX" indicates that the UE
either did not successfully decode a PDSCH transport block or that it did not receive the PDCCH
ganting the PDSCH transport block, and 'ACK' indicates that the UE both received the PDCCH grant and successfully decoded the transport block. The data symbols transmitted for each combination of Ack/Nack bits are indicated in the cell at the intersection of corresponding rows and columns of Table 3. The antenna ports are listed in two sets of columns. Since it is assumed that transmitted data symbols may be different across the slots, each antenna is labeled with two symbols for each Ack/Nack bit combination, as shown in Table 3.
HARQ- HARQ- HARQ- HARQ- Antenna Port 0 Antenna Port 1 ACK(0) ACK(1) ACK(2) ACK(3) Ch#0 Ch#1 Ch#2 Ch#3 Ch#0 Ch#1 Ch#2 Ch#3 NACK/DTX NACK NACK/DTX
NACK/DTX 1,1,r -j,-3,r NACK NACK/DTX NACK/DTX NACK/DTX 1, 1,r -j,-3,r ACK NACK/DTX NACKIDTX NACK/DTX j,j,r j, 1 ,r NACK/DTX ACK NACK/DTX NACK/DTX -j,-j,r 1j,r ACK ACK ACK NACK/DTX NACK/DTX -1,-1,r 1,r NACK/DTX ACK ACK NACK/DTX r 1,1 r -j,-j ACK ACK ACK NACK/DTX r .ij r NACK/DTX ACK ACK ACK r -j,-j r 1,j ACK ACK ACK ACK r -1,-1 r - I ,- 1 NACK/DTX NACK/DTX NACK;DTX ACK 1,1,r -j,-j,r NACK/DTX NACK,DTX ACK NACKIDTX jj,r j, 1 ,r NACK/DTX ACK NACK/DTX ACK -j,-j,r 1,j,r -1,-NACK/DTX NACK/DTX ACK ACK -1,-1,r 1,r ACK NACK/DTX ACK NACK/DTX 1,1 r -3,-j r ACK NACK/DTX NACK/DTX ACK jj r 3,1 ACK NACK/DTX ACK ACK -j,-j r I j r ACK ACK NACK/DTX ACK -1,-1 r -1,-1 r DTX DTX NACK/DTX NACK/DTX No Transmission Table 3: 4 Bit RSTD
The PUCCH resource used for the reference signal of an Ack/Nack bit combination is indicated with a "r- in the cell at the intersection of the column corresponding to the resource and the row corresponding to Ack/Nack bits. In the example of Table 3, it is assumed that the modulation symbol used for the reference signals does not vary between slots and thus only one "r" is needed per antenna on a row.

Further, as seen from Table 3, two different PUCCH resources are needed for a transmission. Specifically, one resource is need for antenna port O and one resource is needed for antenna port 1. Further, a total of four PUCCH resources are used to transmit four Ack/Nack bits, which is the same number that is required for four Ack/Nack bits for a single antenna transmission as described above.
One issue for many open loop channel selection transmission diversity schemes is that a distinct PUCCH resource is transmitted on each antenna. Therefore, at least two resources must be indicated from a cell from each open loop transmission diversity UE.
This is straightforward for channel selection using LTE Re1-10 TDD resource allocation when Ack/Nack bits correspond to one PDSCH subframe, for example when spatial multiplexing is used with ,I1=1, or ARI based resource allocation is used, since in these modes two PUCCH
resources are indicated with one PDCCH. In the case of spatial multiplexing with M=1, 11e,+1 is used to indicate the second resource, and when ART is used to indicate PUCCH
resources, both resources can be directly indicated. Therefore, in these modes no extra PUCCH overhead is needed.
However, when two PDCCHs are used to indicate two PUCCH resources from one cell when If>l, the issue is not as straightforward since Re1-10 TDD implicit resource allocation indicates one PUCCH resource independently per PDCCH. If two PDCCHs are used and only one of them may be scheduled at a time, then a resource pair has to be ______________________________________________________________ determined from one of the PDCCHs. In general, two options exist. A first is to detei mine the two resources from only one PDCCH and a second is to determine the two resources from both PDCCHs.
If both PDCCHs are used, since each indicates two PUCCH resources, a total of resources could be allocated, which is double what is needed from one cell.
Since this does not support resource efficient transmission diversity schemes, it is undesirable.
If one PDCCH is used, existing TDD Ack/Nack mapping approaches may need modification in order to support the case where the PDCCH used for PUCCH
resource allocation is discontinuous transmission (DTX) or Nack/DTX for open loop transmission diversity.
For example, reference is now made to Table 4 below. Table 4 illustrates an example of a single antenna transmission case in Re1-10 TDD with 31-2, where 4 Ack/Nack bits are used. The HARQ states and the corresponding PUCCH resource allocations are shown in the Table , where HARQ-ACK(i) corresponds to one of 4 PDSCHs.
Unlike Release10, two of the four PDCCHs are used to determine PUCCH
resources.
Assuming that PUCCH resources 4-ccito and ni)i-CCH,1 are indicated by a first PDCCH that schedules the PDSCH corresponding to HARQ-ACK(0) and that PUCCH resources n (1311)TCCH,2 and 4Tccx,_ I are indicated by a third PDCCH that schedules the PDSCH corresponding to HARQ-ACK(2). In Table 4, the cases where HARQ-ACK(0) and HARQ-ACK(2) can be DTX are highlighted, and so the resource pair nkCCH.0 and n(PliTCCH,1 or n(Pl1?TCCH.2 and nPiicar,3 would not be available. Cases where HARQ-ACK(0) can be DTX and resource pair (1) nPuCCH,0 and n(I) PUCCH,i can be unavailable to the UE are shown in bold, and the corresponding cases where HARQ-ACK(2) can be DTX and resource pair 41/),ccH,2 and nPU
CVH,3 and (i) are not available are bold and italics. Furthermore, resources np(1u)ccH,c, np(11),cou are bold for rows where there is a potential for unavailable resource, and resources n (Pit)-C C H, / and 14,1,-(--cfi,3 are bold and italics in these cases. A (*) is placed in a cell where resources the UE needs to transmit on can be unavailable if a PDCCH is DTX.
HARQ-ACK(0), HARQ-ACK(1), HARQ-ACK(2), ,i) b(0)b(1) HARQ-ACK(3) nPUCCH
-ACK, ACK, ACK, ACK n(1) PUCCH.1 1, 1 ACK, ACK, ACK, NACK/DTX (i) nPiTCCH 1 ... 1, 1 ACK, ACK, NACK/DTX, ACK n(1) 1, PUCCH,0 0_ ACK, ACK, NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX n(1) 1, 0 PUCCH,1 _ ACK, NACK/DTX, ACK, ACK(i) nPl'CCH.3 1, 1 , ACK, NACKIDTX, ACK, NACK/DTX n(1) PUCCH,2 1, 0 ACK, NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX, ACK n(1) , PUCCH,0 0 1 ACK, NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX n(1) 1, 1 PUCCH.0 NACK/DTX, ACK, ACK, ACK n(1) * 0, 0 PUCCH,1 _ NACK/DTX, ACK, ACK, NACK/DTXn(1) PUCCH,2 0, 1 NACK/DTX, ACK, NACK/DTX, ACK n(1) CCH,3* 1, 0 PU
NACK/DTX, ACK, NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX n(1) CCH,1* 0, 1 PU
NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX, ACK, ACK n(1) 0, 1 PUCCH,3 , NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX, ACK, NACK/DTX n(1) 0, 0 PUCCH,2 NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX, ACK nP(1) * 0, 0 UCCH,3 , NACK, NACK/DTX, NA CK/D7X, NACK/DTX n(1) 0, 0 PUCCH,0 DTX, NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX, NACK/DTX No Transmission Table 4: Transmission of HARQ-ACK multiplexing for A= 4 As seen in Table 4, there are 4 cases where a missed PDCCH will cause a needed resource to be unavailable to the UE. One solution is to modify the supported HARQ-ACK
cotnbinations to have the UE not transmit for these cases. However, this may be undesirable as it reduces information available to the eNB scheduler. Thus, the use of two PDCCHs with Release 10 implicit resource allocation tnechanisms for TDD with ill> I may be problematic.
In one embodiment, resource allocation may function when PDCCHs can be DTX, but that do not require extra PUCCH resources to be used or to modify the HARQ-ACK states supported in Release10.
In accordance with the present disclosure, two solutions are provided. A first is a hybrid implicit-explicit resource indication solution. A second is an explicit resource indication on a primary cell solution. Each is discussed below.
HYBRID IMPLICIT-EXPLICIT RESOURCE INDICATION
In accordance with the Hybrid hnplicit-Explicit Resource Indication solution, four main components are provided. These are that (1) the modified implicit resource allocation exists for a first PDCCH; (2) explicit resource allocation is used for the remaining PDCCHs;
(3) duplicate resource indications are avoided; and (4) resource allocation is disambiguated.
In particular, a modified implicit resource allocation for a first PDCCH is provided.
Implicit resource allocation is modified for the first PDCCH that schedules PDSCH on a serving cell, c. In one embodiment, the PDCCH does not need to be transmitted on serving cell c. The PDCCH can be identified as one with a DAI = 1 for serving cell c.
Alternatively, the PDCCH may be identified as the PDCCH with the smallest starting CCE index nõ,,,,. The position of the PDCCH is used to indicate one of the Nth PDCCH resources that are signaled to the UE. This may be done in accordance with equation 1.
r7(1 [n(L)car= ARI(mod( nccu,,n I kr, N ARA
(1) Where:
[np(1L)Tco1 t,. n(I)CCR2i+11 is a set of two PUCCH resources determined using the ,t PU, lookup function ARA). Note that while this embodiment uses two PUCCH
resources per set, it may be desirable in other cases to have a different number of PUCCH resources per set;
Lca. is the length of the PDCCH in CCEs;

ncce,m is the index of the first CCE for the Mth PDCCH;
N1 is the number of sets of explicit PUCCH resources that can be dynamically signalled to the UE. In order to be consistent with Re1-10 ARI, this value is typically 4; and mod(x, y) is the remainder when the integer x is divided by the integer y.
The lookup function ARI(x) selects a subset of PUCCH resources from a pre-allocated set of PUCCH resources in the same way as the Release 10 LTE. The function comprises a table where each row contains a set of PUCCH resources, where the set of PUCCH
resources on the row is selected for a value of the integer x. The set of PUCCH
resources are semistatically signalled to the UE.
In one embodiment, if explicit resource allocation is used for the PDCCH, the implicit resource allocation is not used and instead the solution for the "Error!
Reference source not found.- described below is used.
Explicit resource allocation for the remaining PDCCHs is then used on the remaining PDCCHs that schedule PDSCH on the serving cell c. This is done in the same way as the Release 10 ARI. The bits on the downlink control information on the PDCCH that are nonnally used for power control bits for PUCCH are instead used as ARI bits.
The above may be expressed in accordance equation 2 below.
n [111;cci21j '`PUC'CH.2i-t-1 = ARAN _bits _state) (2) Where:
[n(plt)iccu 2i 5 npTccivi_ii are two PUCCH resources determined using the lookup function ARI() from thet PDCCH scheduling a PDSCH on cell c. Note that j>1;
and bits pc _bits _state indicates one of the 2' states possible with N pc bits power control bits used for PUCCH.
Thus, in this embodiment, explicit resource allocation utilizes power control bits for PUCCH to provide an Ack/Nack resource indicator. Alternative embodiments may use other bits in the downlink control information carried by PDCCH, provided that which bits are used for this purpose is known to both the UE and the eNB.
With regard to duplicate resource indications, since the PDCCHs indicate multiple PUCCH resources, it is possible to over allocate resources. To avoid this, the resources indicated by the modified implicit resource allocation and the explicit resource allocation for the remaining PDCCHs that schedule PDSCH on the cell may be the same. In other wordsõ if pc _bits _state = mod(nccE,,,,NAR/) then [n p(11_,)1CCH, 2 i,1 nPTCCH,2 i- 1,1 =
Therefore, the same lookup function ARA) with the same semi-statically signalled PUCCH resources is used for equation 1 for cell c and for explicit resource allocation for the remaining PDCCHs that schedule PDSCH on cell c.
With regard to resource allocation disambiguation, since there are multiple resource indications from the modified implicit resource allocation and from one or more explicit resource allocations, the UE needs to determine which it should use. That is, the UE needs to detennine a single allocation frii; 11cc:n.2i npTc(11,2i+11 from [nccu.2i,i, npTccu,i4J1 and one or more of nc211,npTCCH./i+1./ where [npTccH,,, 1lp(1,),õ,2i_j]are the resources to be used for transmission.
Two possibilities for resource allocation disambiguation exist. A first is that a modified implicit resource allocation and explicit resource allocation cannot be assumed to be identical. That is: [np(11.)1CCH,2i, j =
[n(1(11H,2i,1 is not always true. If the modified implicit allocation and all explicit resource allocations are not constrained to be identical, the UE must detennine which it should use. One approach would be where the PDCCH with the lowest CCE index of a set of PDCCHs corresponding to PDSCHs on the same cell is used to determine PUCCH resources. Alternatively, a PDCCH with a particular DAI value, for example, 1, of a set of PDCCHs corresponding to PDSCHs on the same cell is used to determine PUCCH resources.
In a second possibility for resource allocation disambiguation, the modified implicit resource allocation and all explicit resource allocations may be assumed to be identical. That is:
[npTccH.27..;,np(it.)iccu.1i,i,./
[nPTCCH,21,1' should always be true. In this case, the UE
may be left to implement which [n n or [n' '1,(11)5ccH.21 '1=1(11.)TVH.2i+1 it selects as the resources for transmission. In one embodiment, it may be specified that the selection of the UE implementation choice and/or that the UE may assume that each PDCCH of a serving cell c indicates the same PUCCH resource as the other PDCCHs of the serving cell c.
Alternatively, the same rules such as the first detected resource or the particular DAI value can be used as in the case where the resources cannot be assumed to be identical.
Based on the above, reference is now made to Figure 4, which describes a method in a UE for determining the PUCCH resources allocated to it. The process of Figure 4 starts at block 410 and proceeds to block 412 in which the index of the first CCE of a PDCCH

scheduling PDSCH on a serving cell, c, is used by the UE to detei ___ mine a first set of PUCCH
resources allocated to it. This is in accordance with the modified implicit allocation as described above.
From block 412 the process proceeds to block 414 in which the UE determines the remaining PUCCH resources from the remaining PDCCHs scheduling PDSCHs on the serving cell, c, in accordance with explicit resource allocation as described above.
In one embodiment, power control bits are used for the ARI allocation.
From block 414 the process proceeds to block 418, in which a check is made to determine whether the UE can assume that all modified implicit resource allocations and explicit resource allocations are identical. If no, the process proceeds to block 420 and a fixed rule is used for disambiguation. The process then proceeds to block 422 and ends.
Conversely from block 418 if the implicit and explicit resource allocations are identical, the process proceeds to block 430 in which a UE can decide which allocation to use.
The process then proceeds to block 422 and ends.
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the check at block 418 may not exist at a UE, but rather the selection of block 420 or 430 may be predefined at the time the device is manufactured or based on a standard implementation for UEs.
EXPLICIT RESOURCE INDICATION ON A PRIMARY CELL
A second embodiment is the same as the first embodiment, with the exception that a resource is no longer derived from the CCE index of the PDCCH. In this regard, the first component of the first embodiment, namely the modified implicit resource allocation for the first PDCCH, is replaced with an explicit resource allocation. Thus, in cases where implicit resource allocation would be used for the first PDCCH that schedules PDSCHs on a cell, implicit resource allocation is replaced with explicit resource allocation.
The bits in the downlink control infonnation on the PDCCH that are normally used for power control bits for the PUCCH are instead used as ARI bits, and resource allocation is computed in the same way as in the first embodiment, second component, namely the explicit resource allocation for remaining PDCCHs. Thus, the second embodiment would proceed directly from block 410 to block 414 in Figure 4.
In one embodiment, the first PDCCH that schedules the PDSCH on cell c can be identified as the one used with DAI=1.
Since the power control bits are used for PUCCH resource allocation instead of power control, other mechanisms may be needed if PUCCH power control is desired.
Power control for PUCCH can be derived using one of the following approaches:

CRC masked TPC
The Release 8 mechanism that is used to indicate which of the U-E's antennas to transmit on can be reused to indicate a power control bit. The same CRC
masking techniques and antenna selection masks are used to indicate a single power control bit.
Since unlike Release 8, in this embodiment one power control bit is signalled per PDCCH, and since it is possible for a UE configured for carrier aggregation to receive only one PDCCH in a subframe, only one power control bit may be available for PUCCH
in a subframe. Therefore, the 2 bit PUCCH power control method for DCI formats containing 2 power control bits may be replaced by a method that supports one power control bit per subframe.
The one bit power control may be provided using a similar mechanism to that used for Release 8 PUCCH power control through DCI format 3A. In this case, the power control bit provided may use the same mapping as the LTE Release 8, as shown below with regard to Table 5.
TPC Command Field from Accumulated 4USCH.c Masked CRC [dB]
o -1 Table 5: Mapping of TPC Command derived from masked CRC to accumulated 6puscx,c values Table 5 has the same values as Table 5.1.1.1-3 of the 3GPP TS 36.213 Technical Standard. Further, the remainder of the power control mechanism follows the power control mechanism specified for Release 8, defined in Section 5.1.2.1 of the 3G PP TS
36.213 Technical Standard.
The CRC masking operation operates as follows. In one embodiment, antenna selection masks are the same as in Table 5.3.3.2-1 of the 3G PP TS 36.212 Technical Standard.
In the case where the TPC command CRC masking is configured and applicable, after attachment, the CRC parity bits of PDCCH with DCI format 0 are scrambled with the TPC
command mask xAS,O,XAS,1,¨,XAS.15 as indicated in Table 6 and the corresponding RNTI
X rnti .0 X rnti .1 ,= = =, X rnti .15 to form the sequence of bits cB- .
The relation between ck and bk is:
ck -= bk for k = 0, 1, 2, ..., A-1 C k - (b, K X mil ,k - .4 4- X As dc A )mod 2 for k = A, A+1, A+2,..., A+15.
TPC TPC command mask command < X A5,. X - >
,0, A.S.1,===" Ab <0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0>
1 <0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1>
Table 6: TPC command mask In cases where information bits, such as DAI, are carried on the PDCCH are used to detertnine the first PDCCH that schedules the PDSCH on a cell, it may be difficult for a UE to determine which PDCCH is the first until it decodes the PDCCH. In this case, the UE will not be able to reliably determine if a second PDCCH that schedules the PDSCH on a cell has a CRC that is not masked with a TPC coinmand. If the power control command is a "I" or if a bit of the CRC is received in error, the CRC check will not pass. Therefore, the UE cannot reliably determine if the PDCCH was received with reliability, but with a power control command of "1", or if the PDCCH was received with a bit error.
Because it is difficult for a UE to detennine if a second PDCCH contains a CRC
masked TPC, it may be desirable for all PDCCHs that schedule PDSCH on a cell to carry CRC
masked TPC when at least one of them carries the CRC masked TPC. In this case, a UE will receive multiple power control bits from the PDCCHs. Since it is desirable to have a single power control command per subframe, in this solution the UE may derive a single power control command when it receives multiple PDCCHs carrying TPC commands for PUCCH
that are to be applied in a subframe.
In one embodiment, the TPC commands cannot be assumed to be identical. In this case, the UE may use the same function or algorithm to determine a single power control command to use. The UE may use the TPC command from the PDCCH that is transmitted in the subframe that is closest to subframe when the PUCCH will be transmitted.
If there are multiple TPC commands transmitted in the same subframe, the UE may use an additional mechanism to differentiate them. In this case, one solution may be to select the TPC
command froin a PDCCH with a particular DAI value, for example 1. Another solution would be to select the TPC command from a PDCCH with the smallest CCE index. A
benefit of this set of solutions would be that the power control commands could be more up to date, since the most recent power control commands can be used for PUCCH.
In a second embodiment, the TPC commands can be assumed to be identical. In this case, one solution would be to specify that the UE can assume the TPC commands are the same. Therefore, in this solution it is left to the UE implementation which TPC command to use, since the result should be the same.
Another solution is to allow the UE to assume that the TPC commands are different but that it is left up to the UE implementation to decide which of the TPC
commands the UE is to use when the TPC commands are different. This solution is more or less equivalent to the first solution above since the eNB would normally set the TPC commands to be the same if it wants reliable power control. One benefit of the second embodiment is that the handling of TPC commands could be simple, since it is up to UE implementation to decide which of the multiple TPC commands the UE is to use.
Format 3/3A Group Power Control When it is desirable to transmit power control commands for PUCCH of multiple UEs in a single PDCCH, the TPC for PUCCH of UEs whose TPC commands are replaced by ARI
can also be provided by DCI formats 3 and 3A. In Release 10 and prior releases, the UE is not required to simultaneously receive PDCCHs containing Format 3 or 3A power control commands for PUCCH and PDCCHs dedicated to one UE that contains PUCCH power control commands. In other words, these are PDCCHs with DCI formats 1A, lB, 1D, 1, 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2. Therefore, format 3/3A power control may not be used for a UE
while it continuously receives grants for PDSCH. A solution to this is to increase the amount of PDCCH decoding a UE must do by requiring that the UE decode the PDCCH masked by a TPC-PUCCH-RNTI in addition to the PDCCHs masked with other RNTIs, including C-RNTI.
Since the PUCCH TPC is only obtained from PDCCHs transmitted on a PCell in Release 10, this may be sufficient to additionally monitor the TPC-PUCCH-CRNTI on PUCCHs transmitted from PCell only.
The above may be implemented by any network element. A simplified network element is shown with regard to Figure 5.
In Figure 5, network element 510 includes a processor 520 and a communications subsystem 530, where the processor 520 and communications subsystem 530 cooperate to perform the methods described above.
Further, the above may be implemented by any UE. One exemplary device is described below with regard to Figure 6.
UE 600 is typically a two-way wireless communication device having voice and data communication capabilities. UE 600 generally has the capability to communicate with other computer systems on the Internet. Depending on the exact functionality provided, the UE may be referred to as a data messaging device, a two-way pager, a wireless e-mail device, a cellular telephone with data messaging capabilities, a wireless Internet appliance, a wireless device, a mobile device, or a data communication device, as examples.
Where UE 600 is enabled for two-way communication, it may incorporate a communication subsystem 611, including both a receiver 612 and a transmitter 614, as well as associated components such as one or more antenna arrays 616 and 618, local oscillators (L0s) 613, and a processing module such as a digital signal processor (DSP) 620. As will be apparent to those skilled in the field of communications, the particular design of the communication subsystem 611 will be dependent upon the communication network in which the device is intended to operate. The radio frequency front end of communication subsystem 611 can be any of the embodiments described above.
Network access requirements will also vary depending upon the type of network 619.
In some networks network access is associated with a subscriber or user of UE
600. A UE
may require a removable user identity module (RUIM) or a subscriber identity module (SIM) card in order to operate on a network. The SIM/RUIM interface 644 is normally similar to a card-slot into which a SIM/RUIM card can be inserted and ejected. The SIM/RUIM
card can have memory and hold many key configurations 651, and other information 653 such as identification, and subscriber related information.
When required network registration or activation procedures have been completed, UE
600 may send and receive communication signals over the network 619. As illustrated in Figure 6, network 619 can consist of multiple base stations communicating with the UE.
Signals received by antenna array 616 through communication network 619 are input to receiver 612, which may perform such common receiver functions as signal amplification, frequency down conversion, filtering, channel selection and the like. A/D
conversion of a received signal allows more complex communication functions such as demodulation and decoding to be perfonned in the DSP 620. In a similar manner, signals to be transmitted are processed, including modulation and encoding for example, by DSP 620 and input to transmitter 614 for digital to analog conversion, frequency up conversion, filtering, amplification and transmission over the communication network 619 via antenna array 618.
DSP 620 not only processes communication signals, but also provides for receiver and transmitter control. For example, the gains applied to communication signals in receiver 612 and transmitter 614 may be adaptively controlled through automatic gain control algorithms implemented in DSP 620.
UE 600 generally includes a processor 638 which controls the overall operation of the device. Communication functions, including data and voice communications, are performed through communication subsystem 611. Processor 638 also interacts with further device subsystems such as the display 622, flash memory 624, random access memory (RAM) 626, auxiliary input/output (I/0) subsystems 628, serial port 630, one or more keyboards or keypads 632, speaker 634, microphone 636, other communication subsystem 640 such as a short-range communications subsystem and any other device subsystems generally designated as 642.
Serial port 630 could include a USB port or other port known to those in the art.
Some of the subsystems shown in Figure 6 perform communication-related functions, whereas other subsystems may provide "resident" or on-device functions.
Notably, some subsystems, such as keyboard 632 and display 622, for example, may be used for both communication-related functions, such as entering a text message for transmission over a communication network, and device-resident functions such as a calculator or task list.
Operating system software used by the processor 638 may be stored in a persistent store such as flash memory 624, which may instead be a read-only memory (ROM) or similar storage element (not shown). Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the operating system, specific device applications, or parts thereof, may be temporarily loaded into a volatile memory such as RAM 626. Received communication signals may also be stored in RAM 626.
As shown, flash memory 624 can be segregated into different areas for both computer programs 658 and program data storage 650, 652, 654 and 656. These different storage types indicate that each program can allocate a portion of flash memory 624 for their own data storage requirements. Processor 638, in addition to its operating system functions, may enable execution of software applications on the UE. A predetermined set of applications that control basic operations, including at least data and voice communication applications for example, will normally be installed on UE 600 during manufacturing. Other applications could be installed subsequently or dynamically.
Applications and software may be stored on any computer readable storage medium.
The computer readable storage medium may be a tangible or in transitory/non-transitory medium such as optical (e.g., CD, DVD, etc.), magnetic (e.g., tape) or other memory known in the art.
One software application may be a personal information manager (PIM) application having the ability to organize and manage data items relating to the user of the UE such as, but not limited to, e-mail, calendar events, voice mails, appointments, and task items. Naturally, one or more memory stores would be available on the UE to facilitate storage of PIM data items. Such PIM application may have the ability to send and receive data items, via the wireless network 619. Further applications may also be loaded onto the UE 600 through the network 619, an auxiliary I/0 subsystem 628, serial port 630, short-range communications subsystem 640 or any other suitable subsystetn 642, and installed by a user in the RAM 626 or a non-volatile store (not shown) for execution by the processor 638. Such flexibility in application installation increases the functionality of the device and may provide enhanced on-device functions, communication-related functions, or both. For example, secure communication applications may enable electronic commerce functions and other such financial transactions to be performed using the UE 600.
In a data communication mode, a received signal such as a text message or web page download will be processed by the communication subsystem 611 and input to the processor 638, which may further process the received signal for output to the display 622, or alternatively to an auxiliary I/0 device 628.
A user of UE 600 may also compose data items such as email messages for example, using the keyboard 632, which may be a complete alphanumeric keyboard or telephone-type keypad, among others, in conjunction with the display 622 and possibly an auxiliary 1/0 device 628. Such composed items may then be transmitted over a communication network through the communication subsystem 611.
For voice communications, overall operation of UE 600 is similar, except that received signals would typically be output to a speaker 634 and signals for transmission would be generated by a microphone 636. Alternative voice or audio I/0 subsystems, such as a voice message recording subsystem, may also be implemented on UE 600. Although voice or audio signal output is generally accomplished primarily through the speaker 634, display 622 may also be used to provide an indication of the identity of a calling party, the duration of a voice call, or other voice call related information for example.
Serial port 630 in Figure 6 would normally be implemented in a personal digital assistant (PDA)-type UE for which synchronization with a user's desktop computer (not shown) may be desirable, but is an optional device component. Such a port 630 would enable a user to set preferences through an external device or software application and would extend the capabilities of UE 600 by providing for information or software downloads to UE 600 other than through a wireless communication network. The alternate download path may for example be used to load an encryption key onto the device through a direct and thus reliable and trusted connection to thereby enable secure device communication. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, serial port 630 can further be used to connect the UE to a computer to act as a modem.
Other communications subsystems 640, such as a short-range communications subsystem, is a further optional component which may provide for communication between UE 600 and different systems or devices, which need not necessarily be similar devices. For example, the subsystem 640 may include an infrared device and associated circuits and components or a Bluetoothm communication module to provide for communication with similarly enabled systems and devices. Subsystem 640 may further include non-cellular communications such as WiFi or WiMAX.

The embodiments described herein are examples of structures, systems or methods having elements corresponding to elements of the techniques of this application. This written description may enable those skilled in the art to make and use embodiments having alternative elements that likewise correspond to the elements of the techniques of this application. The intended scope of the techniques of this application thus includes other stnictures, systems or methods that do not differ from the techniques of this application as described herein, and further includes other stnIctures, systems or methods with insubstantial differences from the techniques of this application as described herein.

Claims (24)

1. A method of allocating uplink resources for hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:
indicating a first set of uplink resources to the user equipment; and indicating a first subset of the first set of uplink resources that the UE may transmit upon using a position of a first downlink control channel (DCCH) scheduling a downlink shared channel (DSCH) on a cell.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising indicating a second subset of uplink resources that the UE may transmit upon using downlink control information bits within a remaining downlink control channel that schedules the DSCH on the cell.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the position of the first DCCH is based on an index of a control channel element within the first DCCH.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the downlink control information bits utilize power control bits.

5. The method of claim 2, further comprising utilizing the same lookup function for both the indicating the first subset and the indicating the second subset.

6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
assuming the resources from the indicating the first subset are not always identical to the resources from the indicating the second subset; and utilizing a rule for disambiguation of the first subset and the second subset.

7. A method at a user equipment (UE) for receiving an allocation of uplink resources for hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement, the method comprising:
receiving a first set of uplink resources from a network element; and deriving a first subset of the first set of uplink resources that the UE may transmit upon using a position of a first downlink control channel (DCCH) scheduling a downlink shared channel (DSCH) on a cell.

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising deriving a second subset of uplink resources that the UE may transmit upon using downlink control information bits within a remaining downlink control channel that schedules the DSCH on the cell.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the position of the first DCCH is based on an index of a control channel element within the first DCCH.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the downlink control information bits utilize power control bits.

11. The method of claim 8, further comprising utilizing the same lookup function for both the deriving the first subset and the deriving the second subset.

12. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
assuming the resources from the deriving the first subset are not always identical to the resources from the deriving the second subset; and utilizing a rule for disambiguation of the first subset and the second subset.

13. A method of allocating uplink resources for hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:
indicating a first set of uplink resources to the user equipment;
indicating a first subset of the first set of uplink resources that the UE may transmit upon using downlink control information bits within a first downlink control channel that schedules a downlink shared channel (DSCH) on a primary cell, wherein the first downlink control channel is transmitted on the primary cell; and indicating a second subset of the first set of uplink resources that the UE
may transmit upon by downlink control information bits within a second downlink control channel, wherein the uplink resources in the second subset may be the same as the uplink resources in the first subset of uplink resources.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the downlink control information bits utilize power control bits.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising deriving power control for an uplink control channel (UCCH) utilizing a cyclic redundancy check masked by a transmission power control bit.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein at least the first and the second downlink control channels each utilize a cyclic redundancy check masked by a transmission power control bit to derive power control for an uplink control channel (UCCH).

17. The method of claim 16, wherein, if all the cyclic redundancy checks masked by a transmission power control bit are not identical, the method further comprises differentiating between cyclic redundancy checks masked by a transmission power control bit.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the differentiating selects a cyclic redundancy check masked by a transmission power control bit in one of at least the first and the second downlink control channels with a particular downlink assignment index.

19. A user equipment (UE) for receiving an allocation of uplink resources for hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement, the user equipment comprising:
a processor; and a communications subsystem, wherein the processor and communications subsystem are configured to:
receive a first set of uplink resources to the user equipment;
derive a first subset of the first set of uplink resources that the UE may transmit upon using downlink control information bits within a first downlink control channel that schedules a downlink shared channel (DSCH) on a primary cell, wherein the first downlink control channel is received on the primary cell; and derive a second subset of the first set of uplink resources that the UE may transmit upon by downlink control information bits within a second downlink control channel, wherein the uplink resources in the second subset may be the same as the uplink resources in the first subset of uplink resources.

20. The user equipment of claim 19, wherein the downlink control information bits utilize power control bits.

21. The user equipment of claim 20, wherein the processor and communications subsystem are further configured to derive power control for an uplink control channel (UCCH) utilizing a cyclic redundancy check masked by a transmission power control bit.

22. The user equipment of claim 20, wherein at least the first and the second downlink control channels each utilize a cyclic redundancy check masked by a transmission power control bit to derive power control for an uplink control channel (UCCH).

23. The user equipment of claim 22, wherein, if all the cyclic redundancy checks masked by a transmission power control bit are not identical, the processor and communications subsystem are further configured to differentiate between cyclic redundancy check masked by a transmission power control bit.

24. The user equipment of claim 23, wherein the differentiating uses a cyclic redundancy check masked by a transmission power control bit in one of at least the first and the second downlink control channels with a particular downlink assignment index.