CA2830580C - Multi-flame burner and method for heating a workpiece - Google Patents

Abstract

A multi-flame burner (10) with burner heads (1), which are set up to generate at least one burner flame (13) directed along a respective flame axis (14) when supplied with a fuel, wherein the flame axes (14) of respectively adjacent burner heads (1) are inclined relative to each other. The multi-flame burner can be used in preheating pipes including large diameter pipes. A method for preheating a workpiece, in particular a pipe or large-diameter pipe, is also disclosed.

Description

Scarification Multi-Flame Burner and Method for Heating a Work lee The invention relates to a multi-flame burner with burner heads and accompanying connection pipes, which are set up to generate at least one burner flame directed along a respective flame axis when supplied with a fuel, as wail as to a method for preheating a workplace, in particular a pipe or large-diameter pipe, with a corresponding multi-flame burner.
Prior Art Workplaces must be preheated In a very wide range of material handling and manufacturing processes. The present invention here draws reference first and foremost to preheating in welding operations. However, the invention can basically also be used in other methods In which Introducing heat by means of flames Is desired.
In known welding processes, the workpieces to be welded are preheated for various reasons. The primary danger associated with a lack of preheating Iles In the so-called hydrogen embrittlement in the heat affected zone. In addition, transformable steels there tend to exhibit an increased hardness at elevated cooling rates of the kind encountered without preheating. This yields an Increased tendency toward cold clack formation In the joining region of the workplace. For example, these disadvantages become even greater while welding pipes with an increasing pipe diameter. For this reason, preparing large-diameter pipes via preheating for a subsequent welding operation represents a preferred application for the present invention.
The achievable hardness, and hence the danger of cold cracks, here essentially depends on the thickness of the workplace to be machined, two- or three-dimensional heat dissipation, present alloy elements and their contents, the respective heat introduced In the welding operation and/or the component temperature. The tatter can be influenced by preheating. Preheating reduces the cooling rate of the seam region.
and Improves hydrogen effusion. In addition, It has a favorable effect on the residual welding stress state of the welded joint.

The necessary preheating temperature can be respectively ascertained, and the heat to be introduced and/or the use of respective preheating device can be determined based hereupon. In particular the basic tenacity of the material, its wall thickness, the seam shape, the used welding technique and welding speed are to be considered when determining the preheating temperature.
Preheating is basically required at processing temperatures of under 5 C and when specific thickness limits are exceeded (especially for high-strength steels).
For example, the preheating temperature measures 80 to 200 C.
As a rule, workplaces are preheated prior to welding preferably using multi-ffame burners, which for masons explained in greater detail below are operated with acetylene and oxygen-containing fuel mixtures or acetylene and compressed air-containing fuel mixtures, for example. Preheating takes place to prepare a region /5 proximate to the welded seam on the workplace (e.g., pipe or large-diameter pipe) for Introducing a welded seam in this preheated region, which is hence already,wann at the start of the welding process (warm here means at least warmer than the ambient air).
In 'particular when preheating large-diameter pipes, concentrated heat must be Introduced into the region close to the welded seam, without melting the workplace surface and leaving behind residual moisture from the exhaust gas of the flame.
However, the large amount of hot exhaust gases that arises given a concentrated Introduction of heat places a burden on the burner itself, depending on burner configuration. This can end up thermally damaging the used burner heads. This applies in particular given improper operation and adjustment. Appropriate safety precautions are expensive.
In this conjunction, pipes with a diameter ranging from 1 to 12 meters are designated as large-diameter pipes.
Therefore, the need exists for improved ways of heating workplaces, in particular pipes and large-diameter pipes, which do not exhibit these disadvantages and can be safely operated.

2 Disclosure of the Invention Against this backdrop, the invention proposes a multi-Rama burner with burner heads and accompanying connection pipes, which are set up to generate at least one burner flame directed along a respective flame axis when supplied with a fuel, as well as a method for preheating a workplace, in particular a pipe or large-diameter pipe, with the use of a corresponding multi-flame burner having the features described below.

Ma consequence, the set object is achieved by offsetting at feast half of the connection pipe, so that the flame axes of respectively adjacent burner heads am Inclined relative to each other.
While the Invention is described primarily with regard to preheating pipes or large-diameter pipes, it Is not limited thereto, since it was found that the present invention can be used to special advantage for preheating Individual components or component groups even in large container construction In general The multi-flame burner Is preferably configured in such a way that all connection pipes are offset In design.
It is especially preferred that the multi-flame burner be configured in such a way that ' the offset connection pipes exhibit an offset angle of 30 to 60 , preferably of approx.
45 .
It Is particularly advantageous for the mufti-flame burner to be characterized by the fact that the connection pipes be pivoted with a respective connection nozzle by way of a screw joint, wherein the respective other end of the connection nozzles is secured to a shared feed line, and can be supplied with the fuel through the shared feed line.
In an advantageous further development of the Invention, the burner heads are provided in at least two groups (A and B) of burner heads, wherein the burner heads of at least one first group (A) am each =angled alternately to the burner heads of at least one other group (B), and the flame axes of the burner heads of at least the first group are inclined relative to the flame axes of the burner heads clot least the one other group.

3 The burner heads within each group are best arranged In the same direction or parallel to each other.
It can also be advantageous to provide the burner heads in at least two groups, wherein the burner heads of the at least two groups each are alternately arranged, and the flame axes of the burner heads in at least one or each group each deviate in relation to the flame axes of at least one or each other group. For example, the flame axes within each group can be arranged In parallel. This makes serial production especially easy.
In an advantageous further development of the invention, the burner heads each exhibit flame axes, which 13113 axially and/or radially inclined in relation to a perpendicular on a center line of the feed line, preferably respectively adjacent burner heads Inclined by an angle of 5 to 45 relative to each other.
A corresponding multi-flame burner is preferably configured in such a way that the flame axes of the adjacent burner heads are each skewed In relation to each other. For example, they can be InclIned axially or radially to the perpendicular on the center line by an angle of 5 to 45 . Among other factors, the respectively selected angles also depend on the requirements of the respective heating process. A tighter angle Is required in particular given the necessity of extensive local heating. Larger angles are possible if the goal Is to discharge the generated exhaust gases in an especially effective manner.
The multi-flame burner best exhibits a gas supply device set up to supply the multi-flame burner with at least one gaseous fuel, wherein the gas supply device Is preferably set up to supply the multi-flame burner with an acetylene-containing fuel mixture, especially preferably an acetylene-(compressed) air-mixture or an acetylene-oxygen mixture, as the at least one gaseous fuel.
Advantageously provided is at least one gas supply device set up to supply the multi-flame burner with at least one gaseous fuel. The latter is preferably controllable In design, so that the respectively introduced thermal output can be controlled and/or the provision of respectively adjusted gas mixtures ensures an especially advantageous adaptation to the material to be welded.

4 In a Wither advantageous embodiment, a multi-flame burner according to the invention exhibits at least 4,6 or 8 burner heads. The burner heads are preferably spaced apart to 15 cm from each other. Corresponding distances depend on the homogeneity of the heating to be achieved ancUor the permissible temperature of the burner heads.

5 In another preferred embodiment, the burner heads exhibit burner nozzles, wherein the burner nozzles of the respectively adjacent burner heads are offset by Ito 10 cm relative to a shared center fine between the burner nozzles. As also explained In greater detail below in conjunction with the figures, the origins of the respective flames are here spaced a defined distance apart from each other, thereby further reducing the Influence of the burner heads on each other.
It was found that an especially advantageous length for the totality of the burner head and connection pipe ranges from 8 to 25 cm for numerous applications.
An advantageous further development of the present invention provides that the multi-flame burner exhibit a feed line configured ass bent shaft, wherein the bent shaft Is preferably made essentially out of stainless steel.
The feed line, which can also be referred to as a shaft or expressed differently once again as a pipeline, Is best made out a metallic material for supplying the fuel. A bent configuration makes It adjustable to the shape of the workplace to be preheated, e.g., to the cunfature of a large-diameter pipe to be preheated, which is very advantageous In terms of the present Invention. From a production standpoint, stainless steel Is especially suitable as the metallic material for such a bent configuration.
As mentioned, the burner heads with the flame axes Inclined In relation to each other are advantageously each alternately secured to a shared feed line and can be supplied by way of the latter in a corresponding multi-flame burner. The feed line here simultaneously functions as a fuel distributor and fastening device for the burner heads.
For example, a corresponding feed line can be bent, and thereby adjusted to the shape of a workplece to be heated. During the manufacture of a mufti-flame burner according to the invention, the feed fine is advantageously deformed In such a way as to essentially reproduce the corresponding shape of the workplace. In other words, for example. It Is best that a circular segment have the same midpoint as a Verge-=
diameter) pipe to be preheated and a bend adjusted based on the larger radius (pipe radius plus radial distance between the pipe and feed line). In addition, other shapes may also be advantageous and In keeping with the Invention.
The adjustabillty of the mufti-flame burner to the shape of the workplace to be preheated, In particular to the diameter of the pipe to be preheated, is an essential advantage to the present invention In relation to prior art.
In terms of the method, the set object is achieved by a method for preheating a workplace, in particular a pipe or large-diameter pipe, in which a multi-flame burner is used, and burner flames generated by the multi-flame burner are directed at the workpiece. The method according to the Invention benefits from the advantages specified above and below, to which express reference can thus be made.
/5 Additional Advantages of the Invention The burner heads are alternately interleaved relative to each other according to the Invention, so that the respectively created llamas point away from each other.
As a result, the hot exhaust gases generated by the flames cannot damage each other.
Corresponding burner heads are usually attached to a shared feed line in the form of a pipeline. The latter can be straight or bent as desired, and exhibits a central ands that is also straight or bent, depending on the configuration of the feed One. The alignment of flame axes is here advantageously such that the latter are inclined axially (i.e., longitudinally relative to the feed line) and/or radially (Le., transversely relative to the latter) in relation to a respective perpendicular on the central axis at the attachment site. The inclination of adjacent burner heads is here preferably opposite in at least one of these directions. This can mean that the burner heads are radially alternately Inclined clockwise and counterclockwise In relation to the axis of the feed line.
As a consequence, one essential aspect of the present invention involves an arrangement or alignment of the burner heads, and hence the flame and exhaust gas direction, that deviates from prior art. The exhaust gas is guided by Inclining the = burners in such a way that their primary flames hit a region near the welded seam In line with their function, but the exhaust stream does not heat the adjacent burner(s). As =
explained below, preferably defined angular positions of the burners relative to each other are possible and must be maintained for this purpose. The latter advantageously arise from offsetting the connection pipes, and potentially from how the connection pipes are aligned at the rotatable screw joint.
As a consequence, the invention makes it possible to introduce a maximum thermal output onto a small space. In particular onto a large-diameter pipe that itself rotates.
Despite a more concentrated Introduction of heat by comparison to devices in prior art, the danger of burners heating is minimized, even given an incorrect operation.
This results in lower downtimes and less need for repairs, which makes corresponding . methods economically advantageous. The measures proposed by the invention yield a significantly reduced burner weight in relation to the thermal output to be introduced.
=
The overall achievable lower burner costs and more effective utilization of a corresponding burner lead to economic advantages in comparison to known devices, in particular in the construction of large containers.
As already mentioned, a corresponding multi-flame burner can advantageously be supplied with an acetylene mixture, in particular an acetylene/oxygen mixture, maidng ft possible to also we the advantages for known acetylene processes with the burner according to the Invention. As known, the especially hot, concentrated acetylene/oxygen flame yields a rapid temperature rise on the workplace surface, and causes heat to accumulate inside the workplace at high temperature gradients, so that a large amount of heat can be locally introduced. However, acetylene/compressed air flames and/or acetylene/suction air burners can, also be used, for example.
Acetylene/compressed air flames are soft and gentle, yet Intensive and efficient They can be very well controlled over the entire area of potential acetylene/air mixture formation, and are largely immune from re-ignition. This yields advantages relating to Industrial safety. However, the achievable lower surface temperature results In a thorough heating of the workplace. Even lower temperature gradients can be achieved with the mentioned suction air burners, which operate according to the Bunsen principle.
The described multi-flame burners as a whole advantageously exhibit 4,6 or 8 burner heads. As a consequence, this yields advantages by comparison to previously known three-headed preheating burners, since a larger area of a workplace can be heated at any one time. For example, the arrangement according to the invention makes it possible to attach eight or more burner heads to a distribution pipe, specifically the already mentioned feed line, without the latter overheating themselves or each other impermissibly. As mentioned, a larger thermal output can as a result be introduced over a small space. in particular over a rotating large-diameter pipe. The number of usable burner heads is not confined to four or eight rather, burners with 10, 12, 14, 18, 18 or 20 burners or a higher number of burners can also be manufactured.
It Is especially advantageous If the respective burner heads arranged adjacent to each other each exhibit diverging flame axes, and thus generate diverging burner flames. As mentioned, this causes the exhaust gas streams of corresponding burner flames to point away from each other, and no reciprocal overheating takes place.
The invention will be explained in greater detail with reference to the attached drawings, which show a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 shows a burner head, which can be used for a mult-fiame burner according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic, side view of a multi-flame burner according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic, longitudinal view of a multi-flame burner according to an embodiment of the invention.
Elements corresponding to one another on the figures bear identical reference numbers. Repeated explanations an be avoided for the sake of clarity.
Embodiments of the Invention Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a bumer head 1 exhibiting a nozzle ring 12 that can 3.5 have any desired number of preferably concentrically arranged nozzles, through which fuel can escape. igniting the fuel produces a burner flame 13. which runs along a flame axis 14. The burner head 1 can be attached to a feed line by way of an offset connection pipe 4 along with a screw joint 15 and connection nozzle 16. For example, the connection nozzle 16 Is welded to the feed line.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic, side view of a multi-flame burner according to an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, which is marked 10 Meta The multi-lame burner 10 encompasses a total of eight burner heads 1, each with respectively accompanying, offset connection pipes 4. not all of which are provided with reference numbers. The burner heads 1 are here combined into groups of burner heads A
and B.
A first group of burner heads A Is here arranged in such a way that the respective nozzle units or the nozzles provided there can yield burner flames with flame axes essentially arranged In the same direction. The same holds true for the burner heads hi group B. However, the flame axes 14 in group A and the flame axes 14 in glow B
are /5 Inclined or skewed relative to each other given the inclined position of the burner heads 1, so that respectively produced exhaust gases and/or the generated waste heat will not damage adjacent burner heads 1.
The screw joints 15 described above and the connection nozzles 16 are used to secure the burner heads 1 to a feed line 2, for example one that Is bent, and hence can be adjusted to the shape of a workplace to be machined. The feed line can be coupled with a supply line 3, which can exhibit other devices, such as a manometer and regulator. In particular, such a supply line can exhibit a mixing unit 31, with which an acetylene/oxygen mixture and/or an acetylene/air mixture can be generated.
In another, simplified configuration of the invention, it can also be advantageous for specific, less demanding applications to do without the screw joint 15, and hence the ability of the offset connection pipe to rotate. In this case, the connection nozzle 18 can be lengthened and offset in design, thereby combining the connection nozzle 16 and connection pipe 4 into a single component Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal view of a multi-flame burner according to an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, which is also marked 10. As evident, the respective burner heads 1 are slanted relative to each other, so that the arising flames 13 point away from each other. The feed ihm 2 can be bent or straight In design.

Refebince List 1 Burner head A, B Group Multi-flame burner 12 Nozzle ring 10 13. Burner flame 14 Flame axis 16 Screw joint 16 Connection nozzle 2 Connection line, shaft = 3 Supply line 4 Offset connection pipe 20.
31 Mixing unit =

Claims (16)

Claims

1. A multi-flame burner (10) with a plurality of burner heads (1) which are arranged next to each other and accompanying connection pipes (4) which are set up to generate at least one burner flame (13) directed along a respective flame axis (14) when supplied with a fuel, characterized in that at least half of the connection pipes (4) are offset in configuration, the burner heads (1) are provided in at least two groups (A, B) of burner heads (1) along a feed line, wherein the burner heads (1) of at least a first group (A) are each arranged alternately to the burner heads (1) of at least one other group (B), and the flame axes (14) of the burner heads (1) of at least the first group (A) are inclined relative to the flame axes (14) of the burner heads (1) of at least the one other group (B), so that the burner heads which are arranged next to each other have divergent flame axes and generate divergent burner flames so that the hot exhaust gases formed by the flames do not damage the burner heads.

2. The multi-flame burner (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that all the connection pipes (4) are offset in configuration.

3. The multi-flame burner (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the offset connection pipes exhibit an offset angle of 30° to 60°.

4. The multi-flame burner (10) according to claim 3, characterized in that the offset connection pipes exhibit an offset angle of approximately 45°.

5. The multi-flame burner (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a respective connection pipe (4) is connected to a respective connection nozzle (16) by way of a screw joint (15), wherein a respective other end of the connection nozzle (16) is secured to a shared feed line (2), and is supplied with the fuel through the shared feed line (2).

6. The multi-flame burner (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the burner heads (1) of the group A are each arranged in the same direction or parallel to each other and the burner heads (1) of the group B are each arranged in the same direction or parallel to each other.

7. The multi-flame burner (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the burner heads (1) each exhibit the flame axes (14), which are axially and/or radially inclined in relation to a perpendicular on a center line of the feed line (2).

8. The multi-flame burner (10) according to claim 7 wherein respectively adjacent burner heads (1) are inclined to each other by an angle of 5° to 45°
relative to each other.

9. The multi-flame burner (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a gas supply device (3) is set up to supply the multi-flame burner (10) with at least one gaseous fuel.

10. The multi-flame burner (10) according to claim 9, wherein the at least one gaseous fuel is an acetylene-containing fuel mixture.

11. The multi-flame burner (10) according to claim 10, wherein the acetylene-containing fuel mixture is an acetylene compressed air-mixture or an acetylene- oxygen mixture.

12. The multi-flame burner (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein a feed line (2) configured as a bent shaft (2) is connected to each one of the connection pipes.

13. The multi-flame burner (10) according to claim 12 wherein the bent shaft (2) is made essentially out of stainless steel.

14. A method for preheating a workpiece, in which a multi-flame bumer (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 13 is used, and the bumer flames (13) generated by the multi-flame burner (10) are directed at the workpiece.

15. The method according to claim 14 wherein the workpiece is a pipe.

16. The method according to claim 14 wherein the workpiece is a large diameter pipe.