CA2823834A1 - Method and apparatus for providing efficient heat - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for providing efficient heat Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2823834A1 CA2823834A1 CA2823834A CA2823834A CA2823834A1 CA 2823834 A1 CA2823834 A1 CA 2823834A1 CA 2823834 A CA2823834 A CA 2823834A CA 2823834 A CA2823834 A CA 2823834A CA 2823834 A1 CA2823834 A1 CA 2823834A1
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- Prior art keywords
- flow
- channel
- heat exchanger
- flue gas
- exhausted
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- Abandoned
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003405 preventing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940000425 combination drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D5/00—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems
- F24D5/12—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems using heat pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J11/00—Devices for conducting smoke or fumes, e.g. flues
- F23J11/12—Smoke conduit systems for factories or large buildings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
- F23L15/04—Arrangements of recuperators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
- F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
- F24D11/0257—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps air heating system
- F24D11/0278—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps air heating system with recuperation of waste energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1066—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water
- F24D19/1072—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water the system uses a heat pump
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
- F24D3/082—Hot water storage tanks specially adapted therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/18—Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2211/00—Flue gas duct systems
- F23J2211/20—Common flues for several combustion devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2211/00—Flue gas duct systems
- F23J2211/30—Chimney or flue associated with building ventilation system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/04—Gas or oil fired boiler
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/12—Heat pump
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/16—Waste heat
- F24D2200/18—Flue gas recuperation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Air Supply (AREA)
- Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
An embodiment of the invention relates to a method for providing heat that comprises preheating an incoming air flow from outside an apparatus (210) in a first channel of a heat exchanger (240) by a flow in a second channel of the heat exchanger, transferring the flow from the second channel outside the apparatus through an exhaust channel (248a), providing heat by the preheated incoming air flow in a heat pump (250), and transferring in a transfer channel (270) a flue gas flow provided by a burner (222) to the second channel, the method further comprises receiving in the transfer channel a part of the exhausted flow from the exhaust channel and controlling a flow of the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow in the transfer channel so that moisture in the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow condenses on a surface of the second channel and reacts with flue gas particles of the flue gas flow when the flow of the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow interacts with the incoming air flow in the first channel increasing the preheating of the incoming air flow.
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING EFFICIENT HEAT
Technical field The application relates generally to a method and an apparatus for providing effi-cient heat.
Background Conventional systems for heating buildings and domestic hot water operate by means of a boiler heated with a fossil fuel, e.g. oil or gas, but those waste signifi-cantly a supplied energy due to heat losses with flue gases escaping through the chimneys of the buildings.
In order to improve an economy of such conventional systems it has been started to utilize heat pumps that raise heat of low temperature to a higher temperature level. However, when using outdoor air, an efficiency of a heat pump falls radically at low temperatures, e.g. temperatures lower than -5 C. Likewise, frost starts to deposit on the heat pump unit, whereupon it is practical to use another heat source, e.g. an oil-fired or electric boiler, in connection with the heat pump during coldest seasons.
Patent US 4,687,133 discloses a heating system 100 according to figure 1 that is developed in order to enhance a heating of buildings and domestic hot water by utilizing a combination of a heating boiler 110 and a heat pump 120.
In the heating system 100 the heat pump 120 receives an air flow that consists of a fresh air from outside a boiler room 130 and a return air entering from the boiler room 130. The air flow drift to a cross flow type heat exchanger 140 and, then, to an evaporator in the heat pump 120 for heating a heat emitting medium circulating in conduits of the heat pump 120. In a condenser the heat emitting medium heats water that runs through a water conduit so that hot water is provided for a water system of a building where the boiler room 130 is located.
The heat pump 120 exhausts the air flow to the boiler room space 130 and a part of the exhausted air flow drifts through a gas channel 150 back to the heat ex-changer 140 having two separate channel systems where the incoming air flow and exhausted partial air flow travel roughly perpendicular to one another through the heat exchanger 140. The partial air flow exists from the heating system 100 via an exhaust pipe 160 after passing through the heat exchanger 140 and preheating the incoming air flow.
When there is a need for extra heating energy, e.g. during winter, the heating boil-er 110 with a burner 170 is started, whereupon flue gas of oil heated by the burner 170 travels through the gas channel 150 and mixes with the partial air flow running towards the heat heat exchanger 140. The mixture including the partial air flow and the flue gas comprises now increased amount of energy when comparing to mere partial flow and that can be used for improving the activity of the heat ex-changer 140.
The recognition of the need for extra heating energy and a start-up of the burner 170, as well as a management of the heating system 100 in general, are provided by means of temperature and pressure sensors 180, 182, 184, 186, 188 and a control equipment 190.
Summary One object of the invention is to improve a heating apparatus that utilizes a combi-nation of a heating boiler and a heat pump so that it would provide heat more ef-fectively and cleanly.
The object of the invention is fulfilled by providing a method of claim 1 and an ap-paratus of claim 8.
According to an embodiment of the invention a method for providing heat compris-es preheating an incoming air flow from outside an apparatus in at least one first channel of a heat exchanger by means of a flow in at least one second channel of the heat exchanger, transferring the flow from the at least one second channel of the heat exchanger outside the apparatus through an exhaust channel, providing heat by means of the preheated incoming air flow in a heat pump, and transferring in a transfer channel a flue gas flow provided by a burner to the at least one se-cond channel of the heat exchanger, the method further comprises receiving in the transfer channel a part of the exhausted flow from the exhaust channel and con-trolling a flow of the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow in the transfer channel so that moisture in the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow condenses on a surface of the at least one second channel of the heat exchanger and reacts with flue gas particles of the flue gas flow when the flow of the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow interacts with the incoming air flow in the at least one first channel of the heat exchanger in-creasing the preheating of the incoming airflow.
According to an embodiment of the invention an apparatus for providing heat comprises a heat exchanger configured to preheat an incoming air flow from out-side the apparatus in at least one first channel of the heat exchanger by means of a flow in at least one second channel of the heat exchanger, an exhaust channel configuresd to transfer the flow from the at least one second channel of the heat exchanger outside the apparatus, a heat pump configured to provide heat by means of the preheated incoming air flow, and a transfer channel configured to transfer a flue gas flow provided by a burner to the at least one second channel of the heat exchanger, the apparatus further comprises the transfer channel config-ured to receive a part of the exhausted flow from the exhaust channel and control means configured to control a flow of the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow in the transfer channel so that moisture in the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow condenses on a surface of the at least one se-cond channel of the heat exchanger and reacts with flue gas particles of the flue gas flow when the flow of the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow interacts with the incoming air flow in the at least one first channel of the heat exchanger increasing the preheating of the incoming air flow.
Further embodiments of the invention are defined in dependent claims.
Embodiments of the invention provides an economy of the apparatus at the same time as those ensure a function and high efficiency of the apparatus at all outdoor temperatures by increasing the preheating of the incoming air flow transferred to the heat exchanger.
In addition, embodiments of the invention improves the economy by guiding the exhausted flow from the heat exchanger partially to the return channel and enrich-ing the preheating flow in the second channels of the heat exchanger by means of this returned partial exhausted flow so that more heat transfers from the preheat-ing flow to the incoming flow.
Embodiments of the invention improves also the economy of the heating by ena-bling to stop the burner even during coldest seasons when a spontaneous process between the moisture on the channel surfaces and the flue gas particles occurs in the second channels of the heat exchanger. The process continues although the burner would be switched off, so, the process itself is capable of preheating suffi-ciently the incoming flow for some time and it may be necessary to start the burner until a temperature of the incoming flow falls below certain threshold temperature.
Furthermore, embodiments of the invention further improves cleaning of the se-cond channels of the heat exchanger by means of a draining moisture on inner surfaces of the second channels and purifying flue gases exhausted from the ap-paratus through the exhaust channel.
The verb "to comprise" is used in this document as an open limitation that neither excludes nor requires the existence of also unrecited features. The verbs "to in-clude" and "to have/has" are defined as to comprise.
The terms "a", "an" and "at least one", as used herein, are defined as one or more than one and the term "plurality" is defined as two or more than two.
The term "another", as used herein, is defined as at least a second or more.
The term "or" is generally employed in its sense comprising "and/or" unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
For the above-mentioned defined verbs and terms, these definitions shall be ap-plied, unless a different definition is given in the claims or elsewhere in this de-scription/specification.
Finally, the features recited in depending claims are mutually freely combinable unless otherwise explicitly stated.
Brief description of the figures Next, the preferred embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying figures, in which figure 1 illustrates an exemplary view of a heating system having a combination a heating boiler and a heat pump, and figure 2 illustrates an exemplary view of an apparatus according to an embodi-ment of the invention.
Detailed description of the figures Figure 1 has already been discussed in context of the background.
Figure 2 illustrates a heating arrangement 200, wherein a separate heating appa-ratus 210 is attached to a water-carried boiler 220 with a burner 222 configured to burn e.g. oil or gas comprising hydrocarbon(s) and a tank 224 for producing hot water is connected to the boiler 220. The apparatus 210 and possibly the boiler 5 220 and the tank 224 are positioned on a support 230, that is e.g. a floor of a building to be heated. As one can see from the figure the apparatus 210 can be displaced in one room space and the boiler 220 another room space, but it is also possible that both locate in the same room. Only requirement relating to the dis-placement of the apparatus 210 is that it is displaced so that it can be connected to the chimney of the building.
The apparatus 210 comprises a heat exchanger 240, e.g. a counter current heat exchanger, that receives fresh air flow from outside the building to be heated through a channel 242 having an inlet and air flow through an internal inlet (not shown in figure). The received air flows mix and the mixed air flow from outside the apparatus 210 is guided to first channels of the heat exchanger so that it is preheated by using a preheating flow, which comprises at least flue gases and air, from the burner 222 inside second channels of the heat exchanger. The heat ex-changer 240 comprises at least one first channel for the mixed air flow from the outside the apparatus 210 and at least one second channel for the preheating flow. The first and second channels having a distance less than 1 mm. Then, the preheated air flow goes to a heat pump 250, wherein it is utilized for producing heat.
The preheating flow in the second channels of the heat exchanger is guided to an exthaus chamber 244 having an exhaust fan 246 and, then, to an exhaust channel 248a that branches to an exhaust channel 248b leading to outside the building and a return channel 248c leading back to the boiler 220. The exhaust channel 248b and the return channel 248c forms a chimney for the boiler 220 when it is used alone for some reason, e.g. because of a service or repair of the apparatus 210.
The exhausted preheating flow divides so that a part of the exhausted preheating flow passes along the exhaust channel 248b forming a upper part of the chimney outside the building and a part of the preheating flow (exhaust flow) passes along the return channel 248c down towards the boiler 220.
The heat pump 250 that is used for heating circulating water has an internal ex-haust opening 252a with a fan for the mixed air flow that an evaporator 254 has received and utilized for providing heat. A part of the mixed air flow is transferred from inside the apparatus 210 to the room space where the apparatus 210 locates through opening 252b. Another possible part is transferred to another room space along suitable air channel, e.g. the room where the boiler 220 locates same way.
One part of the mixed air flow is filtered and it is circulated inside the apparatus towards the internal inlet for merging with the fresh air flow in the channel 242.
From the evaporator 254 a working agent flows via a heat exchanger of the heat pump 250 to a compressor provided with a pressure setter via a counter-valve to a coaxial condenser 256 for heat exchange with water in a water-carried system having inlet and discharge conduits 258a, 258b. From the condenser 256 the working agent flows over a receiver and a filter back to the heat exchanger of the heat pump and via a theremostat valve to the evaporator 254. A rotary blower lo-cates in a evaporator 254 and a branch conduit leading to the evaporator 254 is controlled by a solenoid valve.
The part of the utilized and mixed air flow that is blown away through the exhaust opening 252a and the opening 252b to the room space outside the apparatus 210 drifts back to the apparatus 210 through an underpressure valve 260, or the boiler 220 and the burner 222.
When the burner 222 is switched on, a flue gas flow from the boiler 220 passes to a transfer channel 270, where it mixes with the exhaust flow, i.e. the part of the exhausted preheating flow, that comes down from the return channel 248c, and, when necessary, also with the circulating air flow coming from the heat pump through the underpressure valve 260.
The mixed flow that comprises the flue gases from the burner 222, the mixture comprising flue gases and air from the return channel 248c, and, possibly, the cir-culating air flow coming from the room space through the underpressure valve passes to a condense chamber 272 along the transfer channel 270 before it is guided to the second channels of the heat exchanger in order to preheat the air flows in the first channels of the heat exchanger. The condense chamber 272 has a condense drain 274 for guiding condensed moisture outside the apparatus 210.
Air in the room space that the heat pump 250 has blown away comprises waste heat that is used by this way for improving the preheat process in the heat ex-changer 240.
In the condense chamber 272 the mixed flow is near (essentially) its dew point or over the dew point, and its flow velocity is arranged to be over 3 m/s by means of the exhaust fan 246. Then, in the second channels of the heat exchanger moisture comprising e.g. water in the turbulent mixed flow condenses on inner surfaces of the second channels because of the cool fresh air and circulating air in the first channels of the heat exchanger. At the same time the condensing mixed flow pre-heats the air flow in the first channels.
The condensed moisture having pH about 2,5 on the inner surfaces of the second channels reacts with flue gas particles that is in the mixed air flow and that are generated by the oil or gas burner 222, and in this spontaneous process the con-densed moisture binds carbon dioxide resulting dilute carbon acid having pH
about 5 and resulting more heat in the second channels, whereupon heat energy that is transferred into the air flow in the first channels is added and the preheat process becomes more effective. The dilute carbon acid cleans the second channels when it drains down along the second channels e.g. back to the condense chamber 272 or other collecting chamber.
The spontaneous process between the moisture on the channel surfaces and the flue gas particles continues in the second channels although the burner would be switched off, so, the process itself is capable of preheating sufficiently the incom-ing flow for some time. Thus, it may be necessary to start the burner until a tem-perature of the incoming flow falls below certain threshold temperature.
After passing through the second channels and the preheat process, the mixed flow transfers with a help of the exhaust fan 246 to the exhaust chamber 244 and along the exhaust channel 248a partly outside the building along the exhaust channel 248b and partly back to the transfer channel 270 along the return channel 248c.
According to an embodiment of the invention a method for providing heat compris-es preheating an incoming air flow from outside an apparatus, i.e. one part of the incoming air flow comes from outside a room space or building to be heated and another part of the incoming air flow, a circulating air flow exhausted by the heat pump, comes from inside the apparatus, in a first channel of a heat exchanger by means of a flow in a second channel of the heat exchanger, transferring the flow from the second channel of the heat exchanger outside the apparatus through an exhaust channel, providing heat by means of the preheated incoming air flow in a heat pump, and transferring in a transfer channel a flue gas flow provided by a burner to the second channel of the heat exchanger for preheating the incoming air flow, the method further comprises receiving in the transfer channel a part of the exhausted flow from the exhaust channel and controlling a flow of the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow in the transfer channel so that moisture in the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow condens-es on a inner surface of the second channel of the heat exchanger and reacts with flue gas particles of the flue gas flow when the flow of the flue gas flow and the re-ceived part of the exhausted flow interacts with the incoming air flow in the first channel of the heat exchanger increasing the preheating of the incoming air flow.
According to an embodiment of the invention an apparatus for providing heat comprises a heat exchanger configured to preheat an incoming air flow from out-side the apparatus in a first channel of the heat exchanger by means of a flow in a second channel of the heat exchanger, an exhaust channel configured to transfer the flow from the second channel of the heat exchanger outside the apparatus, a heat pump configured to provide heat by means of the preheated incoming air flow, and a transfer channel configured to transfer a flue gas flow provided by a burner to the second channel of the heat exchanger, the apparatus further com-prises the transfer channel configured to receive a part of the exhausted flow from the exhaust channel and control means configured to control a flow of the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow in the transfer channel so that moisture in the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow condens-es on a surface of the second channel of the heat exchanger and reacts with flue gas particles of the flue gas flow when the flow of the flue gas flow and the re-ceived part of the exhausted flow interacts with the incoming air flow in the first channel of the heat exchanger increasing the preheating of the incoming air flow.
According to an embodiment of the invention the method, which is disclosed in any of the previous embodiments, further comprises mixing the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow in the transfer channel.
According to an embodiment of the invention the apparatus, which is disclosed in any of the previous embodiments, wherein the transfer channel is configured to mix the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow.
According to an embodiment of the invention the method, which is disclosed in any of the previous embodiments, further comprises providing a mixture comprising the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow in a condense cham-ber of the transfer channel near a dew point of the mixture comprising the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow before transferring the mixture comprising the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow into the second channel of the heat exchanger.
Technical field The application relates generally to a method and an apparatus for providing effi-cient heat.
Background Conventional systems for heating buildings and domestic hot water operate by means of a boiler heated with a fossil fuel, e.g. oil or gas, but those waste signifi-cantly a supplied energy due to heat losses with flue gases escaping through the chimneys of the buildings.
In order to improve an economy of such conventional systems it has been started to utilize heat pumps that raise heat of low temperature to a higher temperature level. However, when using outdoor air, an efficiency of a heat pump falls radically at low temperatures, e.g. temperatures lower than -5 C. Likewise, frost starts to deposit on the heat pump unit, whereupon it is practical to use another heat source, e.g. an oil-fired or electric boiler, in connection with the heat pump during coldest seasons.
Patent US 4,687,133 discloses a heating system 100 according to figure 1 that is developed in order to enhance a heating of buildings and domestic hot water by utilizing a combination of a heating boiler 110 and a heat pump 120.
In the heating system 100 the heat pump 120 receives an air flow that consists of a fresh air from outside a boiler room 130 and a return air entering from the boiler room 130. The air flow drift to a cross flow type heat exchanger 140 and, then, to an evaporator in the heat pump 120 for heating a heat emitting medium circulating in conduits of the heat pump 120. In a condenser the heat emitting medium heats water that runs through a water conduit so that hot water is provided for a water system of a building where the boiler room 130 is located.
The heat pump 120 exhausts the air flow to the boiler room space 130 and a part of the exhausted air flow drifts through a gas channel 150 back to the heat ex-changer 140 having two separate channel systems where the incoming air flow and exhausted partial air flow travel roughly perpendicular to one another through the heat exchanger 140. The partial air flow exists from the heating system 100 via an exhaust pipe 160 after passing through the heat exchanger 140 and preheating the incoming air flow.
When there is a need for extra heating energy, e.g. during winter, the heating boil-er 110 with a burner 170 is started, whereupon flue gas of oil heated by the burner 170 travels through the gas channel 150 and mixes with the partial air flow running towards the heat heat exchanger 140. The mixture including the partial air flow and the flue gas comprises now increased amount of energy when comparing to mere partial flow and that can be used for improving the activity of the heat ex-changer 140.
The recognition of the need for extra heating energy and a start-up of the burner 170, as well as a management of the heating system 100 in general, are provided by means of temperature and pressure sensors 180, 182, 184, 186, 188 and a control equipment 190.
Summary One object of the invention is to improve a heating apparatus that utilizes a combi-nation of a heating boiler and a heat pump so that it would provide heat more ef-fectively and cleanly.
The object of the invention is fulfilled by providing a method of claim 1 and an ap-paratus of claim 8.
According to an embodiment of the invention a method for providing heat compris-es preheating an incoming air flow from outside an apparatus in at least one first channel of a heat exchanger by means of a flow in at least one second channel of the heat exchanger, transferring the flow from the at least one second channel of the heat exchanger outside the apparatus through an exhaust channel, providing heat by means of the preheated incoming air flow in a heat pump, and transferring in a transfer channel a flue gas flow provided by a burner to the at least one se-cond channel of the heat exchanger, the method further comprises receiving in the transfer channel a part of the exhausted flow from the exhaust channel and con-trolling a flow of the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow in the transfer channel so that moisture in the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow condenses on a surface of the at least one second channel of the heat exchanger and reacts with flue gas particles of the flue gas flow when the flow of the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow interacts with the incoming air flow in the at least one first channel of the heat exchanger in-creasing the preheating of the incoming airflow.
According to an embodiment of the invention an apparatus for providing heat comprises a heat exchanger configured to preheat an incoming air flow from out-side the apparatus in at least one first channel of the heat exchanger by means of a flow in at least one second channel of the heat exchanger, an exhaust channel configuresd to transfer the flow from the at least one second channel of the heat exchanger outside the apparatus, a heat pump configured to provide heat by means of the preheated incoming air flow, and a transfer channel configured to transfer a flue gas flow provided by a burner to the at least one second channel of the heat exchanger, the apparatus further comprises the transfer channel config-ured to receive a part of the exhausted flow from the exhaust channel and control means configured to control a flow of the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow in the transfer channel so that moisture in the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow condenses on a surface of the at least one se-cond channel of the heat exchanger and reacts with flue gas particles of the flue gas flow when the flow of the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow interacts with the incoming air flow in the at least one first channel of the heat exchanger increasing the preheating of the incoming air flow.
Further embodiments of the invention are defined in dependent claims.
Embodiments of the invention provides an economy of the apparatus at the same time as those ensure a function and high efficiency of the apparatus at all outdoor temperatures by increasing the preheating of the incoming air flow transferred to the heat exchanger.
In addition, embodiments of the invention improves the economy by guiding the exhausted flow from the heat exchanger partially to the return channel and enrich-ing the preheating flow in the second channels of the heat exchanger by means of this returned partial exhausted flow so that more heat transfers from the preheat-ing flow to the incoming flow.
Embodiments of the invention improves also the economy of the heating by ena-bling to stop the burner even during coldest seasons when a spontaneous process between the moisture on the channel surfaces and the flue gas particles occurs in the second channels of the heat exchanger. The process continues although the burner would be switched off, so, the process itself is capable of preheating suffi-ciently the incoming flow for some time and it may be necessary to start the burner until a temperature of the incoming flow falls below certain threshold temperature.
Furthermore, embodiments of the invention further improves cleaning of the se-cond channels of the heat exchanger by means of a draining moisture on inner surfaces of the second channels and purifying flue gases exhausted from the ap-paratus through the exhaust channel.
The verb "to comprise" is used in this document as an open limitation that neither excludes nor requires the existence of also unrecited features. The verbs "to in-clude" and "to have/has" are defined as to comprise.
The terms "a", "an" and "at least one", as used herein, are defined as one or more than one and the term "plurality" is defined as two or more than two.
The term "another", as used herein, is defined as at least a second or more.
The term "or" is generally employed in its sense comprising "and/or" unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
For the above-mentioned defined verbs and terms, these definitions shall be ap-plied, unless a different definition is given in the claims or elsewhere in this de-scription/specification.
Finally, the features recited in depending claims are mutually freely combinable unless otherwise explicitly stated.
Brief description of the figures Next, the preferred embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying figures, in which figure 1 illustrates an exemplary view of a heating system having a combination a heating boiler and a heat pump, and figure 2 illustrates an exemplary view of an apparatus according to an embodi-ment of the invention.
Detailed description of the figures Figure 1 has already been discussed in context of the background.
Figure 2 illustrates a heating arrangement 200, wherein a separate heating appa-ratus 210 is attached to a water-carried boiler 220 with a burner 222 configured to burn e.g. oil or gas comprising hydrocarbon(s) and a tank 224 for producing hot water is connected to the boiler 220. The apparatus 210 and possibly the boiler 5 220 and the tank 224 are positioned on a support 230, that is e.g. a floor of a building to be heated. As one can see from the figure the apparatus 210 can be displaced in one room space and the boiler 220 another room space, but it is also possible that both locate in the same room. Only requirement relating to the dis-placement of the apparatus 210 is that it is displaced so that it can be connected to the chimney of the building.
The apparatus 210 comprises a heat exchanger 240, e.g. a counter current heat exchanger, that receives fresh air flow from outside the building to be heated through a channel 242 having an inlet and air flow through an internal inlet (not shown in figure). The received air flows mix and the mixed air flow from outside the apparatus 210 is guided to first channels of the heat exchanger so that it is preheated by using a preheating flow, which comprises at least flue gases and air, from the burner 222 inside second channels of the heat exchanger. The heat ex-changer 240 comprises at least one first channel for the mixed air flow from the outside the apparatus 210 and at least one second channel for the preheating flow. The first and second channels having a distance less than 1 mm. Then, the preheated air flow goes to a heat pump 250, wherein it is utilized for producing heat.
The preheating flow in the second channels of the heat exchanger is guided to an exthaus chamber 244 having an exhaust fan 246 and, then, to an exhaust channel 248a that branches to an exhaust channel 248b leading to outside the building and a return channel 248c leading back to the boiler 220. The exhaust channel 248b and the return channel 248c forms a chimney for the boiler 220 when it is used alone for some reason, e.g. because of a service or repair of the apparatus 210.
The exhausted preheating flow divides so that a part of the exhausted preheating flow passes along the exhaust channel 248b forming a upper part of the chimney outside the building and a part of the preheating flow (exhaust flow) passes along the return channel 248c down towards the boiler 220.
The heat pump 250 that is used for heating circulating water has an internal ex-haust opening 252a with a fan for the mixed air flow that an evaporator 254 has received and utilized for providing heat. A part of the mixed air flow is transferred from inside the apparatus 210 to the room space where the apparatus 210 locates through opening 252b. Another possible part is transferred to another room space along suitable air channel, e.g. the room where the boiler 220 locates same way.
One part of the mixed air flow is filtered and it is circulated inside the apparatus towards the internal inlet for merging with the fresh air flow in the channel 242.
From the evaporator 254 a working agent flows via a heat exchanger of the heat pump 250 to a compressor provided with a pressure setter via a counter-valve to a coaxial condenser 256 for heat exchange with water in a water-carried system having inlet and discharge conduits 258a, 258b. From the condenser 256 the working agent flows over a receiver and a filter back to the heat exchanger of the heat pump and via a theremostat valve to the evaporator 254. A rotary blower lo-cates in a evaporator 254 and a branch conduit leading to the evaporator 254 is controlled by a solenoid valve.
The part of the utilized and mixed air flow that is blown away through the exhaust opening 252a and the opening 252b to the room space outside the apparatus 210 drifts back to the apparatus 210 through an underpressure valve 260, or the boiler 220 and the burner 222.
When the burner 222 is switched on, a flue gas flow from the boiler 220 passes to a transfer channel 270, where it mixes with the exhaust flow, i.e. the part of the exhausted preheating flow, that comes down from the return channel 248c, and, when necessary, also with the circulating air flow coming from the heat pump through the underpressure valve 260.
The mixed flow that comprises the flue gases from the burner 222, the mixture comprising flue gases and air from the return channel 248c, and, possibly, the cir-culating air flow coming from the room space through the underpressure valve passes to a condense chamber 272 along the transfer channel 270 before it is guided to the second channels of the heat exchanger in order to preheat the air flows in the first channels of the heat exchanger. The condense chamber 272 has a condense drain 274 for guiding condensed moisture outside the apparatus 210.
Air in the room space that the heat pump 250 has blown away comprises waste heat that is used by this way for improving the preheat process in the heat ex-changer 240.
In the condense chamber 272 the mixed flow is near (essentially) its dew point or over the dew point, and its flow velocity is arranged to be over 3 m/s by means of the exhaust fan 246. Then, in the second channels of the heat exchanger moisture comprising e.g. water in the turbulent mixed flow condenses on inner surfaces of the second channels because of the cool fresh air and circulating air in the first channels of the heat exchanger. At the same time the condensing mixed flow pre-heats the air flow in the first channels.
The condensed moisture having pH about 2,5 on the inner surfaces of the second channels reacts with flue gas particles that is in the mixed air flow and that are generated by the oil or gas burner 222, and in this spontaneous process the con-densed moisture binds carbon dioxide resulting dilute carbon acid having pH
about 5 and resulting more heat in the second channels, whereupon heat energy that is transferred into the air flow in the first channels is added and the preheat process becomes more effective. The dilute carbon acid cleans the second channels when it drains down along the second channels e.g. back to the condense chamber 272 or other collecting chamber.
The spontaneous process between the moisture on the channel surfaces and the flue gas particles continues in the second channels although the burner would be switched off, so, the process itself is capable of preheating sufficiently the incom-ing flow for some time. Thus, it may be necessary to start the burner until a tem-perature of the incoming flow falls below certain threshold temperature.
After passing through the second channels and the preheat process, the mixed flow transfers with a help of the exhaust fan 246 to the exhaust chamber 244 and along the exhaust channel 248a partly outside the building along the exhaust channel 248b and partly back to the transfer channel 270 along the return channel 248c.
According to an embodiment of the invention a method for providing heat compris-es preheating an incoming air flow from outside an apparatus, i.e. one part of the incoming air flow comes from outside a room space or building to be heated and another part of the incoming air flow, a circulating air flow exhausted by the heat pump, comes from inside the apparatus, in a first channel of a heat exchanger by means of a flow in a second channel of the heat exchanger, transferring the flow from the second channel of the heat exchanger outside the apparatus through an exhaust channel, providing heat by means of the preheated incoming air flow in a heat pump, and transferring in a transfer channel a flue gas flow provided by a burner to the second channel of the heat exchanger for preheating the incoming air flow, the method further comprises receiving in the transfer channel a part of the exhausted flow from the exhaust channel and controlling a flow of the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow in the transfer channel so that moisture in the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow condens-es on a inner surface of the second channel of the heat exchanger and reacts with flue gas particles of the flue gas flow when the flow of the flue gas flow and the re-ceived part of the exhausted flow interacts with the incoming air flow in the first channel of the heat exchanger increasing the preheating of the incoming air flow.
According to an embodiment of the invention an apparatus for providing heat comprises a heat exchanger configured to preheat an incoming air flow from out-side the apparatus in a first channel of the heat exchanger by means of a flow in a second channel of the heat exchanger, an exhaust channel configured to transfer the flow from the second channel of the heat exchanger outside the apparatus, a heat pump configured to provide heat by means of the preheated incoming air flow, and a transfer channel configured to transfer a flue gas flow provided by a burner to the second channel of the heat exchanger, the apparatus further com-prises the transfer channel configured to receive a part of the exhausted flow from the exhaust channel and control means configured to control a flow of the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow in the transfer channel so that moisture in the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow condens-es on a surface of the second channel of the heat exchanger and reacts with flue gas particles of the flue gas flow when the flow of the flue gas flow and the re-ceived part of the exhausted flow interacts with the incoming air flow in the first channel of the heat exchanger increasing the preheating of the incoming air flow.
According to an embodiment of the invention the method, which is disclosed in any of the previous embodiments, further comprises mixing the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow in the transfer channel.
According to an embodiment of the invention the apparatus, which is disclosed in any of the previous embodiments, wherein the transfer channel is configured to mix the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow.
According to an embodiment of the invention the method, which is disclosed in any of the previous embodiments, further comprises providing a mixture comprising the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow in a condense cham-ber of the transfer channel near a dew point of the mixture comprising the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow before transferring the mixture comprising the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow into the second channel of the heat exchanger.
According to an embodiment of the invention the apparatus, which is disclosed in any of the previous embodiments, wherein the transfer channel comprises a con-dense chamber configured to provide a mixture comprising the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow near a dew point of the mixture com-prising the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow before the mixture comprising the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow transfers into the second channel of the heat exchanger.
The flow velocity through the second channels of the heat exchanger is controlled by the exhaust fan 246, which is managed by a control unit 280 receiving infor-mation from e.g. at least one sensor (thermostat) and relay (not shown) configured to set the flow velocity and/or a flow rate of the mixed air flow when it passes through the transfer channel 270 and/or the condense chamber 272. The exhaust fan 246 controls also the flow through the first channels of the heat exchanger and, basically, all flows in the arrangement 200 by arranging low pressure inside the apparatus 210 whereupon an amount of air flow that the arrangement 200 re-ceives depends on an amount of the exhausted flow. Optionally, a speed of the exhaust fan 246 can simply be set to a predetermined level that provides the spon-taneous process in the second channels and it can be stopped in a predetermined conditions from where it can be started again when conditions are favourable.
A
flow velocity through the first channels can also be controlled e.g. by the fan in the internal exhaust opening 252a, and the control unit manages the fan on the grounds of information received from e.g. at least one sensor (thermostat) and a speed control (not shown) configured to set a flow velocity and/or a flow rate of the incoming mixture flow comprising the fresh air flow from outside the building and the air flow through the internal inlet in the channel 242.
The control unit 280 manages the mixed air flow and the incoming mixture so that the mixed air flow has the flow velocity over 3 m/s in the second channels and a ratio between the mixed air flow and the incoming mixture flow is about 1 to 20 in the heat exchanger 240. Then, the mixed air flow circulating through the heat pump 250 shall surpass a quantity of the exhausted flow discharged through the exhaust channel 248a so as to cause a higher pressure to prevail in the apparatus room than in the exhaust chamber 244.
According to an embodiment of the invention the method, which is disclosed in any of the previous embodiments, comprises preventing the condensed moisture to flow away from the second channel of the heat exchanger because of gravity by means of e.g. the exhaust fan so that the heat productive reaction between the condensed moisture and the flue gas particles is possible by controlling a flow ve-locity of the mixture comprising the flue gas flow and the received part of the ex-hausted flow in the second channel of the heat exchanger.
According to an embodiment of the invention the apparatus, which is disclosed in 5 any of the previous embodiments, wherein the control means, e.g. the control unit, are configured to control through the exhaust fan a flow velocity of the mixture comprising the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow in the se-cond channel of the heat exchanger for preventing the condensed moisture to flow away from the second channel of the heat exchanger because of gravity so that 10 the heat productive reaction between the condensed moisture and the flue gas particles is possible.
At least one of the second channels of the heat exchanger can comprise at least one tapered channel part (not shown), whereupon the draining of the condensed moisture is prevented and the spontaneous process is enabled for providing extra heat to be given away to the incoming mixture flow in the first channels of the heat exchnager.
According to an embodiment of the invention the method, which is disclosed in any of the previous embodiments, further comprises preventing the condensed mois-ture to flow away from the second channel of the heat exchanger because of gravity so that the heat productive reaction between the condensed moisture and the flue gas particles is possible by providing a tapered channel part in the second channel of the heat exchanger.
According to an embodiment of the invention the apparatus, which is disclosed in any of the previous embodiments, wherein the heat exchanger comprises a ta-pered channel part in the second channel of the heat exchanger for preventing the condensed moisture to flow away from the second channel of the heat exchanger because of gravity so that the heat productive reaction between the condensed moisture and the flue gas particles is possible.
According to an embodiment of the invention the method, which is disclosed in any of the previous embodiments, further comprises guiding the incoming air flow in the first channel of the heat exchanger and the mixture of the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow in the second channel of the heat exchanger to flow oppositre directions in the heat exchanger by means of a counter current heat exchanger.
The flow velocity through the second channels of the heat exchanger is controlled by the exhaust fan 246, which is managed by a control unit 280 receiving infor-mation from e.g. at least one sensor (thermostat) and relay (not shown) configured to set the flow velocity and/or a flow rate of the mixed air flow when it passes through the transfer channel 270 and/or the condense chamber 272. The exhaust fan 246 controls also the flow through the first channels of the heat exchanger and, basically, all flows in the arrangement 200 by arranging low pressure inside the apparatus 210 whereupon an amount of air flow that the arrangement 200 re-ceives depends on an amount of the exhausted flow. Optionally, a speed of the exhaust fan 246 can simply be set to a predetermined level that provides the spon-taneous process in the second channels and it can be stopped in a predetermined conditions from where it can be started again when conditions are favourable.
A
flow velocity through the first channels can also be controlled e.g. by the fan in the internal exhaust opening 252a, and the control unit manages the fan on the grounds of information received from e.g. at least one sensor (thermostat) and a speed control (not shown) configured to set a flow velocity and/or a flow rate of the incoming mixture flow comprising the fresh air flow from outside the building and the air flow through the internal inlet in the channel 242.
The control unit 280 manages the mixed air flow and the incoming mixture so that the mixed air flow has the flow velocity over 3 m/s in the second channels and a ratio between the mixed air flow and the incoming mixture flow is about 1 to 20 in the heat exchanger 240. Then, the mixed air flow circulating through the heat pump 250 shall surpass a quantity of the exhausted flow discharged through the exhaust channel 248a so as to cause a higher pressure to prevail in the apparatus room than in the exhaust chamber 244.
According to an embodiment of the invention the method, which is disclosed in any of the previous embodiments, comprises preventing the condensed moisture to flow away from the second channel of the heat exchanger because of gravity by means of e.g. the exhaust fan so that the heat productive reaction between the condensed moisture and the flue gas particles is possible by controlling a flow ve-locity of the mixture comprising the flue gas flow and the received part of the ex-hausted flow in the second channel of the heat exchanger.
According to an embodiment of the invention the apparatus, which is disclosed in 5 any of the previous embodiments, wherein the control means, e.g. the control unit, are configured to control through the exhaust fan a flow velocity of the mixture comprising the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow in the se-cond channel of the heat exchanger for preventing the condensed moisture to flow away from the second channel of the heat exchanger because of gravity so that 10 the heat productive reaction between the condensed moisture and the flue gas particles is possible.
At least one of the second channels of the heat exchanger can comprise at least one tapered channel part (not shown), whereupon the draining of the condensed moisture is prevented and the spontaneous process is enabled for providing extra heat to be given away to the incoming mixture flow in the first channels of the heat exchnager.
According to an embodiment of the invention the method, which is disclosed in any of the previous embodiments, further comprises preventing the condensed mois-ture to flow away from the second channel of the heat exchanger because of gravity so that the heat productive reaction between the condensed moisture and the flue gas particles is possible by providing a tapered channel part in the second channel of the heat exchanger.
According to an embodiment of the invention the apparatus, which is disclosed in any of the previous embodiments, wherein the heat exchanger comprises a ta-pered channel part in the second channel of the heat exchanger for preventing the condensed moisture to flow away from the second channel of the heat exchanger because of gravity so that the heat productive reaction between the condensed moisture and the flue gas particles is possible.
According to an embodiment of the invention the method, which is disclosed in any of the previous embodiments, further comprises guiding the incoming air flow in the first channel of the heat exchanger and the mixture of the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow in the second channel of the heat exchanger to flow oppositre directions in the heat exchanger by means of a counter current heat exchanger.
According to an embodiment of the invention the apparatus, which is disclosed in any of the previous embodiments, wherein the heat exchanger is a counter current heat exchanger configured to guide the incoming air flow in the first channel of the counter current heat exchanger and the mixture of the flue gas flow and the re-ceived part of the exhausted flow in the second channel of the counter current heat exchanger to flow oppositre directions.
When the burner is switched off, eg. during warm seasons in summers, the appa-ratus 210, receives and mixes by means of the transfer channel 270 only the ex-haust flow coming down from the return channel 248c and the circulating air flow coming from the room space through the underpressure valve 260 for the use of the heat exchanger 240.
In order to control an operation of the apparatus 210 as well as the whole ar-rangement 200, when the separate apparatus 210 is attached to the boiler 220 through openings in the exhaust channel 248b and the return channel 248c by means of suitable connecting means and connections forming the exhaust chan-nel 248a and the transfer channel 270, there are temperature sensors 282a, 282b, 282c, 282d, 282e and a pressure sensor 284 connected to a control unit 280 and configured to provide information that the control unit 280 needs for managing the operation of the apparatus 210 and the whole arrangement 200.
The boiler 220 is provided with a temperature sensor 282a that controls starting and stopping of the burner 222 via a control relay 286, the channel 242 is provided with a temperature sensor 282b and the apparatus 210 with an internal tempera-ture sensor 282c. A temperature sensor 282d and the pressure sensor 284 are displaced in the exhaust chamber 244, and the room space where the apparatus 210 locates with a temperature sensor 282e.
According to an embodiment of the invention the method, which is disclosed in any of the previous embodiments, wherein a control unit of the apparatus is capable of controlling an exhaust fan that is used for controlling a flow velocity of the flue gas flow as well as the flow velocity of the mixture and/or the burner of a boiler when the apparatus is connected to an exhaust channel of the boiler through the ex-haust channel of the apparatus and the transfer channel of the apparatus by means of information received from at least one temperature sensor and at least one pressure sensor.
When the burner is switched off, eg. during warm seasons in summers, the appa-ratus 210, receives and mixes by means of the transfer channel 270 only the ex-haust flow coming down from the return channel 248c and the circulating air flow coming from the room space through the underpressure valve 260 for the use of the heat exchanger 240.
In order to control an operation of the apparatus 210 as well as the whole ar-rangement 200, when the separate apparatus 210 is attached to the boiler 220 through openings in the exhaust channel 248b and the return channel 248c by means of suitable connecting means and connections forming the exhaust chan-nel 248a and the transfer channel 270, there are temperature sensors 282a, 282b, 282c, 282d, 282e and a pressure sensor 284 connected to a control unit 280 and configured to provide information that the control unit 280 needs for managing the operation of the apparatus 210 and the whole arrangement 200.
The boiler 220 is provided with a temperature sensor 282a that controls starting and stopping of the burner 222 via a control relay 286, the channel 242 is provided with a temperature sensor 282b and the apparatus 210 with an internal tempera-ture sensor 282c. A temperature sensor 282d and the pressure sensor 284 are displaced in the exhaust chamber 244, and the room space where the apparatus 210 locates with a temperature sensor 282e.
According to an embodiment of the invention the method, which is disclosed in any of the previous embodiments, wherein a control unit of the apparatus is capable of controlling an exhaust fan that is used for controlling a flow velocity of the flue gas flow as well as the flow velocity of the mixture and/or the burner of a boiler when the apparatus is connected to an exhaust channel of the boiler through the ex-haust channel of the apparatus and the transfer channel of the apparatus by means of information received from at least one temperature sensor and at least one pressure sensor.
According to an embodiment of the invention the apparatus, which is disclosed in any of the previous embodiments, wherein the control means comprises a control unit configured to control an exhaust fan and/or the burner of the boiler when the apparatus is connected to an exhaust channel of the boiler through the exhaust channel of the apparatus and the transfer channel of the apparatus by means of a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor.
When it is necessary to increase a content of the heating energy in the mixed air flow passing through the first channels of the heat exchanger 240 to the heat pump 250, e.g. during warm seasons, and when only the heat pump 250 provides the heating energy, the exhaust fan 246 is started to increase in the heat ex-changer 240 the flow of both exhausted air and entering air. During a colder peri-ods or when the outdoor temperature is otherwise low that is recognized by the temperature sensor 282b, the burner 222 is started and the flue gases from the boiler 220 drift to the transfer channel 270 to be mixed with the exhausted flow from the return channel 248c and the circulating air flow coming from the under-pressure valve 260, whereupon the amount of heat energy in the incoming air flow from the heat exchanger 240 to the heat pump 250 is further increased.
Following examples further describes how the arrangement 200 comprising the apparatus 210 and the boiler 220 ensures its operation under favourable condi-tions.
When the temperature sensor 282a determines that a temperature is below a pre-determined temperature value, the heat pump 250 starts, and when an outdoor temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature value according to the tem-perature sensor 282b, the exhaust fan 246 starts for increasing the amount of heat energy in the incoming air flow. When temperatures in the temperature sensors 282a, 282b, 282c at the same time are below predetermined temperature values, the exthaus fan 246 starts, and when the pressure sensor 284 in the exhaust chamber 244 indicates that a pressure is below a predetermined pressure value, the burner 222 in the boiler 220 is started.
In addition, when a temperature in the apparatus room and/or in the apparatus have exceeded predetermined temperature values according to the temperature sensors 282d, 282e, the burner 222 stops until the heat pump 250 and/or the ex-haust fan 246 consume accumulated heat in the apparatus room and/or in the ap-paratus and starts again when the temperatures are below the predetermined temperature values.
When it is necessary to increase a content of the heating energy in the mixed air flow passing through the first channels of the heat exchanger 240 to the heat pump 250, e.g. during warm seasons, and when only the heat pump 250 provides the heating energy, the exhaust fan 246 is started to increase in the heat ex-changer 240 the flow of both exhausted air and entering air. During a colder peri-ods or when the outdoor temperature is otherwise low that is recognized by the temperature sensor 282b, the burner 222 is started and the flue gases from the boiler 220 drift to the transfer channel 270 to be mixed with the exhausted flow from the return channel 248c and the circulating air flow coming from the under-pressure valve 260, whereupon the amount of heat energy in the incoming air flow from the heat exchanger 240 to the heat pump 250 is further increased.
Following examples further describes how the arrangement 200 comprising the apparatus 210 and the boiler 220 ensures its operation under favourable condi-tions.
When the temperature sensor 282a determines that a temperature is below a pre-determined temperature value, the heat pump 250 starts, and when an outdoor temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature value according to the tem-perature sensor 282b, the exhaust fan 246 starts for increasing the amount of heat energy in the incoming air flow. When temperatures in the temperature sensors 282a, 282b, 282c at the same time are below predetermined temperature values, the exthaus fan 246 starts, and when the pressure sensor 284 in the exhaust chamber 244 indicates that a pressure is below a predetermined pressure value, the burner 222 in the boiler 220 is started.
In addition, when a temperature in the apparatus room and/or in the apparatus have exceeded predetermined temperature values according to the temperature sensors 282d, 282e, the burner 222 stops until the heat pump 250 and/or the ex-haust fan 246 consume accumulated heat in the apparatus room and/or in the ap-paratus and starts again when the temperatures are below the predetermined temperature values.
Also, when the temperature sensor 282a indicates that the temperature in the wa-ter flow has exceed a predetermined temperature value, the burner 222 is stopped, but the exhaust fan 246 and the heat pump 250 continues to work until a little bit higher temperature has been reached, or if the temperature falls, the burn-er 222 starts again. The temperature sensor 282d in the exhaust chamber 244 prevents the burner 222 becoming active as long as the temperature is higher than the predetermined temperature value. A circulation pump in the heat pump 250 works continuously as long as the heat pump 250 is switched on.
Furthermore, when the temperature sensor 282c recognizes that a temperature of the preheated incoming air flow exceeds a predetermined temperature value dur-ing the occurring spontaneous process between the moisture on the channel sur-faces and the flue gas particles, the burner 222 is stopped. The process continues in the second channels although the burner is switched off and when the tempera-ture sensor 282c determines that the temperature of the preheated incoming air flow falls below another predetermined temperature value, the burner 222 is start-ed again.
Even if the heat pump 250, the exhaust fan 246, and the boiler 220 are started in sequence one after the other, when an energy demand grows, the most favoura-ble operation conditions are achieved. In connection with the boiler 220 and the heat pump 250 with heating by water, the water systems of the boiler 220 and the heat pump 250 are interconnected in sequence for obtaining a higher outgoing wa-ter temperature from the arrangement 200. The combustion air flow of the burner 222, which comprises room air, is also condensing dried by the heat pump 250, whereby no condensation occurs except a moisture in the fresh air introduced through the channel 242 in the proximity of the evaporator 254 in the heat pump 250, where pure condensation water can be collected and removed, or in the heat exchanger 240.
The invention has been now explained above with reference to the aforesaid em-bodiments and the several advantages of the invention have been demonstrated.
It is clear that the invention is not only restricted to these embodiments, but com-prises all possible embodiments within the spirit and scope of the invention thought and the following patent claims.
Furthermore, when the temperature sensor 282c recognizes that a temperature of the preheated incoming air flow exceeds a predetermined temperature value dur-ing the occurring spontaneous process between the moisture on the channel sur-faces and the flue gas particles, the burner 222 is stopped. The process continues in the second channels although the burner is switched off and when the tempera-ture sensor 282c determines that the temperature of the preheated incoming air flow falls below another predetermined temperature value, the burner 222 is start-ed again.
Even if the heat pump 250, the exhaust fan 246, and the boiler 220 are started in sequence one after the other, when an energy demand grows, the most favoura-ble operation conditions are achieved. In connection with the boiler 220 and the heat pump 250 with heating by water, the water systems of the boiler 220 and the heat pump 250 are interconnected in sequence for obtaining a higher outgoing wa-ter temperature from the arrangement 200. The combustion air flow of the burner 222, which comprises room air, is also condensing dried by the heat pump 250, whereby no condensation occurs except a moisture in the fresh air introduced through the channel 242 in the proximity of the evaporator 254 in the heat pump 250, where pure condensation water can be collected and removed, or in the heat exchanger 240.
The invention has been now explained above with reference to the aforesaid em-bodiments and the several advantages of the invention have been demonstrated.
It is clear that the invention is not only restricted to these embodiments, but com-prises all possible embodiments within the spirit and scope of the invention thought and the following patent claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for providing heat comprises preheating an incoming air flow from outside an apparatus (210) in a first channel of a heat exchanger (240) by means of a flow in a second channel of the heat exchanger, transferring the flow from the second channel of the heat exchanger outside the apparatus through an exhaust channel (248a), providing heat by means of the preheated incoming air flow in a heat pump (250), and transferring in a transfer channel (270) a flue gas flow provided by a burner (222) to the second channel of the heat exchanger, characterized in that the method comprises receiving in the transfer channel a part of the exhausted flow from the ex-haust channel and controlling a flow of the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow in the transfer channel so that moisture in the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow condenses on a surface of the second channel of the heat exchanger and reacts with flue gas particles of the flue gas flow when the flow of the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow interacts with the incoming air flow in the first channel of the heat exchanger increasing the pre-heating of the incoming air flow.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises mixing the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow in the transfer channel.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the method further comprises providing a mixture comprising the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow in a condense chamber (272) of the transfer channel near a dew point of the mix-ture comprising the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow be-fore transferring the mixture comprising the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow into the second channel of the heat exchanger.
4. The method of any of preceding claims, wherein the method comprises pre-venting the condensed moisture to flow away from the second channel of the heat exchanger because of gravity so that the heat productive reaction between the condensed moisture and the flue gas particles is possible by controlling a flow ve-locity of the mixture comprising the flue gas flow and the received part of the ex-hausted flow in the second channel of the heat exchanger.
5. The method of any of preceding claims, wherein the method further compris-es preventing the condensed moisture to flow away from the second channel of the heat exchanger because of gravity so that the heat productive reaction be-tween the condensed moisture and the flue gas particles is possible by providing a tapered channel part in the second channel of the heat exchanger.
6. The method of any of preceding claims, wherein the method further compris-es guiding the incoming air flow in the first channel of the heat exchanger and the mixture of the flue gas flow and the received part of the exhausted flow in the se-cond channel of the heat exchanger to flow oppositre directions in the heat ex-changer by means of a counter current heat exchanger (240).
7. The method of any of preceding claims, wherein a control unit (280) of the apparatus is capable of controlling an exhaust fan (246) and the burner of a boiler (220) when the apparatus is connected to an exhaust channel (248b, 248c) of the boiler through the exhaust channel of the apparatus and the transfer channel of the apparatus by means of a temperature sensor (282a, 282b, 282c, 282d, 282e) and a pressure sensor (284).
8. An apparatus (210) configured to perform the method of any of claims 1-7.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI20115019A FI122935B (en) | 2011-01-07 | 2011-01-07 | Method and apparatus for efficient heat generation |
| FI20115019 | 2011-01-07 | ||
| PCT/FI2012/050011 WO2012093204A1 (en) | 2011-01-07 | 2012-01-05 | Method and apparatus for providing efficient heat |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2823834A1 true CA2823834A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 |
Family
ID=43528510
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2823834A Abandoned CA2823834A1 (en) | 2011-01-07 | 2012-01-05 | Method and apparatus for providing efficient heat |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20130312945A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2661587A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2823834A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI122935B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012093204A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9810455B2 (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2017-11-07 | Gasn Llc | Heat and energy recovery and regeneration assembly, system and method |
| US20170138612A1 (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2017-05-18 | Commercial Energy Saving Plus, LLC | Heat and energy recovery and regeneration assembly, system and method |
| US11396002B2 (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2022-07-26 | Uop Llc | Detecting and correcting problems in liquid lifting in heat exchangers |
| US10982862B1 (en) | 2018-01-22 | 2021-04-20 | Commercial Energy Savings Plus, Llc | System and method for heat and energy recovery and regeneration |
Family Cites Families (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4141490A (en) * | 1978-01-23 | 1979-02-27 | Antonino Franchina | Heating system |
| US4163430A (en) * | 1978-02-08 | 1979-08-07 | Neumann Siegmar R | Heat recovery and filter system and process for furnace exhaust gases |
| FR2451005A1 (en) * | 1979-03-05 | 1980-10-03 | Dosmond Rene | CENTRAL HEATING AND / OR DOMESTIC OR INDUSTRIAL HOT WATER PRODUCTION INSTALLATION |
| US4436057A (en) * | 1979-06-15 | 1984-03-13 | Energy Equipment Co. Ltd. | Method and apparatus enabling thermal energy recovery in combustor operation |
| FR2477684B2 (en) * | 1980-03-07 | 1985-06-14 | Dosmond Rene | IMPROVED CENTRAL HEATING AND / OR DOMESTIC OR INDUSTRIAL HOT WATER PRODUCTION SYSTEM |
| US4403572A (en) * | 1980-05-16 | 1983-09-13 | Advanced Mechanical Technology, Inc. | Combustion product condensing water heater |
| US4324052A (en) * | 1980-09-05 | 1982-04-13 | Bosher John L | Solvent and heat recovery system for drying oven |
| US4406402A (en) * | 1981-04-28 | 1983-09-27 | Joseph Henriques | Flue heat recovery system |
| CH649829A5 (en) * | 1982-07-21 | 1985-06-14 | Paolo Curti | EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HEAT, THROUGH A HEAT PUMP, FROM THE SMOKES OF A HEATING SYSTEM AND / OR FROM THE AMBIENT AIR. |
| SE437723B (en) * | 1983-11-14 | 1985-03-11 | Heatrec Ab | SET AND DEVICE FOR OPERATION OF A CONFORMITY PLANT |
| JPH07107469B2 (en) * | 1987-05-25 | 1995-11-15 | 株式会社東芝 | Refrigerant heating type heating device |
| SE9000007L (en) * | 1990-01-08 | 1991-07-09 | Stig Gloeersen | SEAT AND DEVICE IN CLOSED BOILERS |
| US5321946A (en) * | 1991-01-25 | 1994-06-21 | Abdelmalek Fawzy T | Method and system for a condensing boiler and flue gas cleaning by cooling and liquefaction |
| ITDP20040005A1 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2005-03-20 | Stefano Bandini | CONDENSING MODULE FOR BOILER |
| US8317510B2 (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2012-11-27 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Method of waste heat recovery from high temperature furnace exhaust gases |
| CN101769594B (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2012-07-04 | 苏桐梅 | Flue gas total-heat recovery device of gas boiler |
| EP2407228B1 (en) * | 2010-07-14 | 2016-09-07 | General Electric Technology GmbH | Gas cleaning unit and method for cleaning gas |
| WO2012042892A1 (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-04-05 | バブコック日立株式会社 | Oxygen combustion system and method for operating same |
| WO2014005476A1 (en) * | 2012-07-06 | 2014-01-09 | 上海伏波环保设备有限公司 | Flue gas waste heat recovery system for concurrent boiler |
-
2011
- 2011-01-07 FI FI20115019A patent/FI122935B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2012
- 2012-01-05 WO PCT/FI2012/050011 patent/WO2012093204A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-01-05 EP EP12732076.0A patent/EP2661587A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-01-05 US US13/978,428 patent/US20130312945A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-01-05 CA CA2823834A patent/CA2823834A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI122935B (en) | 2012-09-14 |
| US20130312945A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
| EP2661587A1 (en) | 2013-11-13 |
| WO2012093204A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 |
| FI20115019A (en) | 2012-07-08 |
| FI20115019A0 (en) | 2011-01-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20160105 |