CA2776806A1 - Plastic-bonded pyrotechnical mixture for producing alkali metal chloride or earth alkali metal chloride aerosols as smokescreen - Google Patents
Plastic-bonded pyrotechnical mixture for producing alkali metal chloride or earth alkali metal chloride aerosols as smokescreen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2776806A1 CA2776806A1 CA2776806A CA2776806A CA2776806A1 CA 2776806 A1 CA2776806 A1 CA 2776806A1 CA 2776806 A CA2776806 A CA 2776806A CA 2776806 A CA2776806 A CA 2776806A CA 2776806 A1 CA2776806 A1 CA 2776806A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- plastic
- bound
- smoke
- alkali metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B29/00—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate
- C06B29/02—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate of an alkali metal
- C06B29/04—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate of an alkali metal with an inorganic non-explosive or an inorganic non-thermic component
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
- C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
- C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
Abstract
The invention relates to a plastic-bonded pyrotechnical mixture comprising at least one oxidation means, one carbonate and/or phosphate from the group of alkali metals or earth alkali metals, a chlorinated rubber and a softener. An additional bonding agent and/or graphite can be added thereto as needed. The oxidation means should preferably be a perchlorate or a mixture of perchlorates from the group of alkali metals or earth alkali metals. In addition or alternatively, ammonium perchlorates can also be integrated as an oxidation means. The softener, however, is an organic substance or substance mixture from the group of adipates or phthalates. Alternatively, the softener can be an organic phosphoric acid ester or a phosphoric acid ester mixture. As an additional bonding agent, an organic titanate or an organic titanate mixture is preferred. All components are mixed with one another at such a ratio that a neutral smoke in the pH range of 5 - 7 (bases on aerosol) is created.
Description
DESCRIPTION
Plastic-bonded pyrotechnical mixture for producing alkali metal chloride or earth alkali metal chloride aerosols as smokescreen The invention is concerned with the generation and release of alkali metal chloride and alkaline earth metal chloride aerosols with smokescreen effect through the reaction of plastic-bound active pyrotechnic compositions, especially in the context of smoke grenades.
Pyrotechnic mixtures for generating inorganic aerosols for military screening purposes often contain toxicologically objectionable substances. For simulation and training purposes, therefore, it is preferred to employ practice systems which release aerosols that are of low toxicity and are as far as possible pH-neutral (pH 5 - 7).
In the case of practice systems for smoke hand grenades, moreover, a requirement is that for a effective training they should not only generate a smoke of low toxicity but also should have the geometry and mass of the corresponding deployment versions.
In the case of grenades which generate a spontaneous smoke, the active pyrotechnic smoke composition is ignited by a break-up charge and delivered. A
corresponding rapid smoke hand grenade based on a pyrotechnic charge which comprises red phosphorus is published in the form of DE 195 48 436 Cl.
For practice systems, in the case of the above-recited rapid smoke grenades, the active pyrotechnic compositions can be switched relatively easily for finely ground inorganic substance/mineral mixtures, which are then delivered via the break-up charge. For realistic training, in the area of the rapid smoke hand grenades, the compositions of the respective applications can be simulated well via the bulk density of the powderous substance/mineral mixtures and/or their compression in the prevailing volume.
In the case of nonspontaneous smoke grenades that generate condensation aerosols, the inorganic substances with smokescreen effect are generated from the active pyrotechnic composition present, after ignition. One such active pyrotechnic composition is published in the form, for example, of DE 27 43 363.
For practice systems of the above-described smoke grenades which generate nonspontaneous condensation aerosols, pyrotechnic colored smoke charges or pyrotechnic charges with heating beds containing metal powder are used for expelling, for example, alkali metal chlorides (DE 10 2008 010 942). A problem which arises here in the area of hand grenades is that with the corresponding application systems it is possible to produce effective simulation only of those smoke hand grenades that have masses of more than 300 g.
With colored smoke devices or application systems in which, for example, alkali metal chlorides are expelled via heating beds containing metal powder, the specific construction means that the aerosols are blown out only in one direction, and this can lead to reduced output by the application systems under diverse climatic and geographical conditions; for example, the blowing-out of the aerosol in snow causes it to condense rapidly, resulting in a reduced smoke output.
The burning characteristics of active pyrotechnic smoke compositions which generate the inorganic substances that, in conjunction with atmospheric moisture, are effective as smoke, and do so only through reaction of these inorganic substances in the form of condensation aerosols, can be simulated only to a limited degree by application systems which utilize pyrotechnic heating beds for the sublimation of organic substances (colored smoke) or inorganic substances (e.g., alkali metal chlorides).
The idea on which the invention is based, in analogy to the known condensation aerosol mist-generating active pyrotechnic compositions, is that of using a plastic-bound pyrotechnic mixture with which alkali metal chloride and/or alkaline earth metal chloride aerosols, which are of comparatively low toxicity and produce a smokescreen effect, are generated in situ by reaction.
In addition to the corresponding perchlorates as a source of alkali metal chloride and/or alkaline earth metal chloride, the reaction of the proposed pyrotechnic mixtures comprising the chlorinated rubber present in conjunction with the alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal carbonates and/or phosphates present additionally generates the corresponding alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal chloride. All of the components are blended in a proportion to one another such that a neutral smoke in the range of pH 5 - 7 (based on aerosol) is formed.
A smoke charge having the above features of the invention contains for example 56.7% by weight potassium perchlorate 19.8% by weight potassium carbonate 15.0% by weight polychloroisoprene 8.5% by weight plasticizer In a development of the invention, the smoke effect of the active compositions can be enhanced by admixing ammonium perchlorate with the correspondingly required amounts of alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal carbonates and/or phosphates. This effect is based on the additional release of steam, which promotes smoke condensation. In this way it is possible to respond to customer requirements with regard, among other things, to smoke performance, toxicity, and pH-neutrality of the aerosol, in a simple way.
A smoke charge in a development of the invention contains for example 50.6% by weight potassium perchlorate 11.6% by weight ammonium perchlorate 14.3% by weight lithium carbonate 15.0% by weight polychloroisoprene 8.5% by weight plasticizer The heat released on the reaction of the active pyrotechnic composition serves for the sublimation of the aerosol-active alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal chlorides.
The plastic-bound pyrotechnic mixture therefore, in accordance with the invention, comprises at least one oxidizer, a carbonate and/or phosphate and/or a mixture of carbonates and/or phosphates from the group of the alkali metals and/or alkaline earth metals, a chlorinated rubber, and a plasticizer. Added thereto, optionally, may be a further binder and/or graphite.
The oxidizer ought preferably to be a perchlorate or a mixture of perchlorates from the group of the alkali metals and/or alkaline earth metals. Additionally or alternatively, ammonium perchlorate can be incorporated as an oxidizer. The plasticizer, in contrast, is preferably an organic substance or a substance mixture from the group of the adipates, citrates or phthalates.
Alternatively the plasticizer may be an organic phosphoric ester or a phosphoric ester mixture. An additional binder used with preference is an organic titanate or an organic titanate mixture.
Plastic-bonded pyrotechnical mixture for producing alkali metal chloride or earth alkali metal chloride aerosols as smokescreen The invention is concerned with the generation and release of alkali metal chloride and alkaline earth metal chloride aerosols with smokescreen effect through the reaction of plastic-bound active pyrotechnic compositions, especially in the context of smoke grenades.
Pyrotechnic mixtures for generating inorganic aerosols for military screening purposes often contain toxicologically objectionable substances. For simulation and training purposes, therefore, it is preferred to employ practice systems which release aerosols that are of low toxicity and are as far as possible pH-neutral (pH 5 - 7).
In the case of practice systems for smoke hand grenades, moreover, a requirement is that for a effective training they should not only generate a smoke of low toxicity but also should have the geometry and mass of the corresponding deployment versions.
In the case of grenades which generate a spontaneous smoke, the active pyrotechnic smoke composition is ignited by a break-up charge and delivered. A
corresponding rapid smoke hand grenade based on a pyrotechnic charge which comprises red phosphorus is published in the form of DE 195 48 436 Cl.
For practice systems, in the case of the above-recited rapid smoke grenades, the active pyrotechnic compositions can be switched relatively easily for finely ground inorganic substance/mineral mixtures, which are then delivered via the break-up charge. For realistic training, in the area of the rapid smoke hand grenades, the compositions of the respective applications can be simulated well via the bulk density of the powderous substance/mineral mixtures and/or their compression in the prevailing volume.
In the case of nonspontaneous smoke grenades that generate condensation aerosols, the inorganic substances with smokescreen effect are generated from the active pyrotechnic composition present, after ignition. One such active pyrotechnic composition is published in the form, for example, of DE 27 43 363.
For practice systems of the above-described smoke grenades which generate nonspontaneous condensation aerosols, pyrotechnic colored smoke charges or pyrotechnic charges with heating beds containing metal powder are used for expelling, for example, alkali metal chlorides (DE 10 2008 010 942). A problem which arises here in the area of hand grenades is that with the corresponding application systems it is possible to produce effective simulation only of those smoke hand grenades that have masses of more than 300 g.
With colored smoke devices or application systems in which, for example, alkali metal chlorides are expelled via heating beds containing metal powder, the specific construction means that the aerosols are blown out only in one direction, and this can lead to reduced output by the application systems under diverse climatic and geographical conditions; for example, the blowing-out of the aerosol in snow causes it to condense rapidly, resulting in a reduced smoke output.
The burning characteristics of active pyrotechnic smoke compositions which generate the inorganic substances that, in conjunction with atmospheric moisture, are effective as smoke, and do so only through reaction of these inorganic substances in the form of condensation aerosols, can be simulated only to a limited degree by application systems which utilize pyrotechnic heating beds for the sublimation of organic substances (colored smoke) or inorganic substances (e.g., alkali metal chlorides).
The idea on which the invention is based, in analogy to the known condensation aerosol mist-generating active pyrotechnic compositions, is that of using a plastic-bound pyrotechnic mixture with which alkali metal chloride and/or alkaline earth metal chloride aerosols, which are of comparatively low toxicity and produce a smokescreen effect, are generated in situ by reaction.
In addition to the corresponding perchlorates as a source of alkali metal chloride and/or alkaline earth metal chloride, the reaction of the proposed pyrotechnic mixtures comprising the chlorinated rubber present in conjunction with the alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal carbonates and/or phosphates present additionally generates the corresponding alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal chloride. All of the components are blended in a proportion to one another such that a neutral smoke in the range of pH 5 - 7 (based on aerosol) is formed.
A smoke charge having the above features of the invention contains for example 56.7% by weight potassium perchlorate 19.8% by weight potassium carbonate 15.0% by weight polychloroisoprene 8.5% by weight plasticizer In a development of the invention, the smoke effect of the active compositions can be enhanced by admixing ammonium perchlorate with the correspondingly required amounts of alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal carbonates and/or phosphates. This effect is based on the additional release of steam, which promotes smoke condensation. In this way it is possible to respond to customer requirements with regard, among other things, to smoke performance, toxicity, and pH-neutrality of the aerosol, in a simple way.
A smoke charge in a development of the invention contains for example 50.6% by weight potassium perchlorate 11.6% by weight ammonium perchlorate 14.3% by weight lithium carbonate 15.0% by weight polychloroisoprene 8.5% by weight plasticizer The heat released on the reaction of the active pyrotechnic composition serves for the sublimation of the aerosol-active alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal chlorides.
The plastic-bound pyrotechnic mixture therefore, in accordance with the invention, comprises at least one oxidizer, a carbonate and/or phosphate and/or a mixture of carbonates and/or phosphates from the group of the alkali metals and/or alkaline earth metals, a chlorinated rubber, and a plasticizer. Added thereto, optionally, may be a further binder and/or graphite.
The oxidizer ought preferably to be a perchlorate or a mixture of perchlorates from the group of the alkali metals and/or alkaline earth metals. Additionally or alternatively, ammonium perchlorate can be incorporated as an oxidizer. The plasticizer, in contrast, is preferably an organic substance or a substance mixture from the group of the adipates, citrates or phthalates.
Alternatively the plasticizer may be an organic phosphoric ester or a phosphoric ester mixture. An additional binder used with preference is an organic titanate or an organic titanate mixture.
Consequently, a plastic-bonded active pyrotechnic composition is proposed which through a variation in its constitution is suitable for generating smokescreens, going as far as smokescreens of low toxicity for practice purposes. The plastic-bound active pyrotechnic composition, like other active smoke compositions, can be employed as well in grenades/munitions, hand grenades or fixed application systems.
The proposed plastic-bound active composition is especially suitable for use as a caseless element, thus allowing, among other things, hand grenades having masses of up to 300 g to be made available, and in comparison to colored smoke application systems, for example, said grenades being more powerful.
Caseless hand grenades based on the proposed plastic-bound pyrotechnic mixtures are equal in terms of geometry, mass, burning characteristics, and burning time, virtually, to the corresponding, likewise plastic-bound, NT active smoke composition application system, whose active smoke component is zinc chloride or complexed zinc chloride (NT-Nebel, see http:/www.brandschutz-passin.de/download/Merkblatt NT
Nebelkorper.pdf). This allows realistic training with a reduction in potential toxicity at the same time - in other words, in conjunction with the NT active smoke composition, the plastic-bound active compositions proposed allow the provision of a deployment and practice system for smoke hand grenades that is complete in respect of handling, etc.
The proposed plastic-bound active composition is especially suitable for use as a caseless element, thus allowing, among other things, hand grenades having masses of up to 300 g to be made available, and in comparison to colored smoke application systems, for example, said grenades being more powerful.
Caseless hand grenades based on the proposed plastic-bound pyrotechnic mixtures are equal in terms of geometry, mass, burning characteristics, and burning time, virtually, to the corresponding, likewise plastic-bound, NT active smoke composition application system, whose active smoke component is zinc chloride or complexed zinc chloride (NT-Nebel, see http:/www.brandschutz-passin.de/download/Merkblatt NT
Nebelkorper.pdf). This allows realistic training with a reduction in potential toxicity at the same time - in other words, in conjunction with the NT active smoke composition, the plastic-bound active compositions proposed allow the provision of a deployment and practice system for smoke hand grenades that is complete in respect of handling, etc.
Claims (9)
1. A plastic-bound pyrotechnic mixture comprising at least one oxidizer, a carbonate and/or phosphate or a mixture of carbonates and/or phosphates from the group of the alkali metals and/or alkaline earth metals, a chlorinated rubber, and a plasticizer.
2. The plastic-bound pyrotechnic mixture of claim 1, characterized in that all of the components are blended in a ratio to one another such that a neutral smoke in the range pH 5 - 7 (relative to the aerosol) is formed.
3. The plastic-bound pyrotechnic mixture of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a further binder and/or a graphite may be incorporated.
4. The plastic-bound pyrotechnic mixture of any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the oxidizer is a perchlorate or a mixture of perchlorates from the group of the alkali metals and/or alkaline earth metals.
5. The plastic-bound pyrotechnic mixture of any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that alternatively or additionally ammonium perchlorate is incorporated as oxidizer.
6. The plastic-bound pyrotechnic mixture of any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the plasticizer is an organic substance or substance mixture from the group of the adipates, citrates or phthalates.
7. The plastic-bound pyrotechnic mixture of any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the plasticizer is an organic phosphoric ester or a phosphoric ester mixture.
8. The plastic-bound pyrotechnic mixture of any of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the additional binder may be an organic titanate or an organic titanate mixture.
9. Caseless and encased smoke grenades (munitions), smoke hand grenades, and fixed smoke application systems, characterized in that a plastic-bound pyrotechnic mixture of any of claims 1 to 8 is incorporated.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009049003.5 | 2009-10-09 | ||
| DE102009049003A DE102009049003A1 (en) | 2009-10-09 | 2009-10-09 | Plastic-bound pyrotechnic mixture for the production of alkali metal chloride or alkaline earth metal chloride aerosols as camouflage mist |
| PCT/EP2010/005664 WO2011042114A1 (en) | 2009-10-09 | 2010-09-15 | Plastic-bonded pyrotechnical mixture for producing alkali metal chloride or earth alkali metal chloride aerosols as smokescreen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2776806A1 true CA2776806A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 |
Family
ID=43663642
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2776806A Abandoned CA2776806A1 (en) | 2009-10-09 | 2010-09-15 | Plastic-bonded pyrotechnical mixture for producing alkali metal chloride or earth alkali metal chloride aerosols as smokescreen |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20120272853A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2485994A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2010305057A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2776806A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102009049003A1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL219025A0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011042114A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3274035A (en) * | 1964-06-15 | 1966-09-20 | Lohr A Burkardt | Metallic composition for production of hygroscopic smoke |
| DE2729055B2 (en) * | 1977-06-28 | 1979-07-12 | Nico-Pyrotechnik Hanns-Juergen Diederichs Kg, 2077 Trittau | Method of creating dense clouds for military purposes |
| DE2743363C3 (en) | 1977-09-27 | 1980-06-19 | Nico-Pyrotechnik Hanns-Juergen Diederichs Kg, 2077 Trittau | Fog composition and method of making the same |
| DE3012405A1 (en) * | 1980-03-29 | 1981-10-01 | Pyrotechnische Fabrik F. Feistel GmbH + Co KG, 6719 Göllheim | COMBINATION FOG |
| FR2510987A1 (en) * | 1981-08-10 | 1983-02-11 | France Etat | FLOWABLE PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITION OF THE SMOKE TYPE WITH COLORED FLAME OR NOT COMPRISING A CHLORINE BINDER |
| US4597924A (en) * | 1985-10-21 | 1986-07-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Tetra-alkyl titanates as bonding agents for thermoplastic propellants |
| DE3728380C1 (en) * | 1987-08-26 | 1988-11-24 | Nico Pyrotechnik | Pyrotechnic mixture for the production of a camouflage mist and ignition mixture therefor |
| US5522320A (en) * | 1993-07-12 | 1996-06-04 | Thiokol Corporation | Low-toxicity obscuring smoke formulation |
| DE19548436C1 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1997-06-26 | Buck Chem Tech Werke | Rapid smoke grenade |
| NL1005529C2 (en) * | 1997-03-13 | 1998-09-15 | Tno | Smoke generating composition. |
| CZ293997B6 (en) * | 1998-05-27 | 2004-09-15 | Dion Praha S R. O. | Aerosol-forming extinguishing agent and process for producing thereof |
| FR2818636B1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2003-02-28 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | HYDROCARBON BINDER GAS GENERATING PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITIONS AND CONTINUOUS MANUFACTURING METHOD |
| FR2845378B1 (en) * | 2002-10-02 | 2006-05-26 | Lcb | FUMIGENE BASE AND USES |
| DE102008010942B4 (en) | 2008-02-25 | 2012-09-27 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Pyrotechnic fog set to create a cloak fog |
-
2009
- 2009-10-09 DE DE102009049003A patent/DE102009049003A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-09-15 EP EP10760251A patent/EP2485994A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-09-15 AU AU2010305057A patent/AU2010305057A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-09-15 WO PCT/EP2010/005664 patent/WO2011042114A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-09-15 CA CA2776806A patent/CA2776806A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2012
- 2012-04-03 IL IL219025A patent/IL219025A0/en unknown
- 2012-04-09 US US13/442,138 patent/US20120272853A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102009049003A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
| IL219025A0 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
| US20120272853A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 |
| EP2485994A1 (en) | 2012-08-15 |
| AU2010305057A1 (en) | 2012-05-03 |
| WO2011042114A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20140916 |