CA2747909C - Crude oil pretreatment system and method for removing sludge included in crude oil - Google Patents
Crude oil pretreatment system and method for removing sludge included in crude oil Download PDFInfo
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- CA2747909C CA2747909C CA2747909A CA2747909A CA2747909C CA 2747909 C CA2747909 C CA 2747909C CA 2747909 A CA2747909 A CA 2747909A CA 2747909 A CA2747909 A CA 2747909A CA 2747909 C CA2747909 C CA 2747909C
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- oil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G73/00—Recovery or refining of mineral waxes, e.g. montan wax
- C10G73/02—Recovery of petroleum waxes from hydrocarbon oils; Dewaxing of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G73/28—Recovery of petroleum waxes from hydrocarbon oils; Dewaxing of hydrocarbon oils by centrifugal force
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
- B04B1/20—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G31/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for
- C10G31/10—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for with the aid of centrifugal force
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
Abstract
A crude oil pretreatment system for removing sludge contained in crude oil includes a centrifugal separator (12) receiving crude oil containing sludge, and stirring and rotating the crude oil in the internal space thereof to separate the crude oil into a sludge component with a relatively higher specific gravity and a crude oil component with a relatively lower specific gravity and to discharge the sludge component and the crude oil component; a sludge oil recovery means for pressing the sludge discharged from the centrifugal separator and recovering the oil remaining in the sludge; and a crude oil storage tank receiving and storing the discharged crude oil from which the sludge has been removed by the centrifugal separator and the oil that has been recovered by the sludge oil recovery means to be discharged. The sludge contained in crude oil and various petrochemical products is removed in advance and only the crude oil with low sludge content is loaded into a tanker or stored in a crude oil storage tank, so that problems caused by sludge in the subsequent processes of transportation, storage, and refining can be prevented.
Description
CRUDE OIL PRETREATMENT SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REMOVING
SLUDGE INCLUDED IN CRUDE OIL
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a crude oil pretreatment system and method for removing sludge included in crude oil. More particularly, the present invention relates to a crude oil pretreatment system and method, which enable sludge contained in crude oil and various petrochemical products to be removed in advance and only the crude oil with low sludge content to be loaded into a tanker or stored in a crude oil storage tank, thereby preventing problems caused by the sludge in the subsequent processes of transportation, storage, and refining.
BACKGROUND ART
Nowadays, petroleum has been situated as a core power source that supports industrial activities and economical activities in the whole world. With the benefits of modern civilization, most of resources that human enjoys are derived from petroleum, and thus the petroleum is the most important energy source and a basic material. Since all human activities deeply depend on petroleum, we cannot even imagine modern civilization with no petroleum.
The petroleum is obtained by refining crude oil that is mined in underground or offshore oil fields.
Various impurities, such as clay, sand, gravel, stone, and the like, are mixed with the crude oil. While the crude oil is transported or stored, these impurities are precipitated and accumulated in a sludge form. In general, crude oil that is produced in an oil producing country is first transported to a crude oil storage tank through a pipe line, shipped in a tanker in a port, and then transported to an oil importing country. When the tanker arrives in the oil importing country, the crude oil is transferred to a crude oil storage tank that is constructed in the port, and then transported to a plant of a neighboring oil refining company through a pipe line.
As described above, in the related art, since the crude oil is stored in a crude oil tank in each step of transporting the crude oil, carried out of the crude oil tank, and then transported to a next place, sludge in the crude oil, which remains in the crude oil tank, is precipitated and accumulated in the crude oil tank.
Since the crude oil sludge is adhered to the bottom of the crude oil tank in a sticky and solid form, it becomes impossible to take out the crude oil sludge through a pipe once the crude oil sludge is precipitated on the bottom of the tank, and thus it is required to remove the sludge by applying special chemicals and methods.
Typically, crude oil storage tanks installed in the neighborhood of ports of oil producing companies are extra-large tanks which have diameters of 75 to 100 meters and storage amounts of about 700,000 to 1,000,000 barrels, respectively, and sludge is accumulated as it is until tank cleaning work for removing the accumulated sludge through an open inspection is done. In most countries, it is prescribed by the laws that a crude oil tank has an open inspection normally once in ten years, and in the case of a crude oil tank containing 700,000 barrels of oil, sludge of about 10,000 tons is commonly removed by the open inspection.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a crude oil transportation and storage system in the related art, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating methods applied to the crude oil transportation and storage system in the related art.
Referring to FIG. 1, crude oil 5 contained in a crude oil tank 3a of a tanker 3 is crude oil that is produced in an oil field of an oil producing country, stored in a crude oil storage tank constructed therein, and then shipped, and still includes a large amount of sludge, such as clay, sand, gravel, stone, and the like, although part of the sludge has been precipitated and remained in the crude oil storage tank in the oil producing country. While a tanker 3 makes a voyage from an oil producing country such as an Arab country to our country for about 40 to 50 days, a mixer in a crude oil tank 3a is continuously driven to prevent sludge from being precipitated in the crude oil tank 3a. If the tanker 3 arrives at a port of the importing country, the crude oil 5 is transported to the crude oil storage tank 2 through a transportation line 4, and at this time, the crude oil 5 in the tanker is stirred by the mixer and pulled up by a pump to be transported to the crude oil storage tank 2 together with the sludge (see FIG. 2).
In most cases, the crude oil storage tank 2 has a structure in the form of a floating roof 2a, and if the tank 2 is filled with the crude oil 5, a cover 2a ascends accordingly. While the crude oil storage tank 2 is used, sludge 2b is continuously precipitated on the bottom of the tank 2, and this sludge 2b can be discharged to the outside only through opening and cleaning of the crude oil storage tank 2.
In FIG. 1, the unexplained reference numeral 1 denotes plant equipment of an oil refining company, and the reference numeral 6 denotes a pump installed on the transportation line 4 to transport the crude oil 5.
As methods for removing sludge that is accumulated in the crude oil tank, a crude oil washing (COW) method, a supermax method, a megamax method, a bravo system method, a zeros method, and the like, have been developed. Among them, the remaining methods except for the zeros method are all brand names of foreign technologies regarding tank cleaning. They have a common point that after the cover of the tank is open and chemicals are sprayed in the tank to melt the sludge, persons who wear special equipment directly enter into the tank and dip out the sludge with shovels. By contrast, according to the zeros method, the sludge is resolved using chemicals for melting the sludge and high-pressure cleaning liquid injection devices and the melted sludge is suck up by a sludge pump. Although this method has the advantage that it is not necessary for a person to directly enter into the tank, expensive chemicals and equipment should be used, and thus the cost for the tank cleaning work is greatly increased.
Typically, in the case of cleaning a crude oil tank containing 700,000 barrels of oil using the methods except for the zeros method, it takes about one month at a cost of about one hundred million won. Since the work to remove the sludge in the crude oil tank requires a large outlay and a lot of time and the crude oil sludge that is hazardous to the environment should be taken out and processed, the work to remove the sludge may be disadvantageous in economy and environment.
Problems caused by the sludge accumulated in the crude oil tank occur not only in an oil importing country but also in an oil producing country. In the oil producing company, the produced crude oil is stored in a crude oil tank before the crude oil is transported to consumers, and it requires a large outlay and a lot of time to clean the crude oil tank for removing the sludge accumulated in the crude oil tank. As an example, about 2,000 crude oil tanks are installed in Malaysia that is an oil producing country, and if it is assumed that the _ crude oil tanks are cleaned once in ten years, about 200 crude oil tanks should stop their use for cleaning in a year.
As described above, various problems occurring due 5 to the sludge in the crude oil tank are caused by the impurities that are mixed with and included in the crude oil during the mining of the crude oil. Up to now, since the mined crude oil has been transported or stored as it is, it is considered it cannot be helped that the sludge is accumulated in the crude oil tank during the transportation or storage of the crude oil and the cleaning of the crude oil tank is a subcontracted work.
However, there is a need for development of a new crude oil processing system which prevents or minimizes the occurrence of sludge in the crude oil tank. That is, if the sludge included in the crude oil is separated and removed in advance before the crude oil enters into the tank, the cost and time required for cleaning the crude oil tank can be reduced and high-quality crude oil can be circulated to heighten the added value in the whole petroleum industry.
DISCLOSURE
TECHNICAL PROBLEM
Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a crude oil pretreatment system and method, which can remove sludge contained in crude oil and various petrochemical products in advance and thus prevent the sludge from being accumulated in a crude oil tank.
TECHNICAL SOLUTION
In one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a crude oil pretreatment system for removing sludge contained in crude oil, which includes a centrifugal separator 12 receiving crude oil containing sludge that is composed of at least one material of clay, sand, gravel, and stone, and stirring and rotating the crude oil in the internal space thereof to separate the crude oil into a sludge component with a relatively higher specific gravity and a crude oil component with a relatively lower specific gravity and to discharge the sludge component and the crude oil component; a sludge oil recovery means for pressing the sludge discharged from the centrifugal separator and recovering the oil remaining in the sludge; and a crude oil storage tank receiving and storing the discharged crude oil from which the sludge has been removed by the centrifugal separator and the oil that has been recovered by the sludge oil recovery means to be discharged.
Also, in another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a crude oil pretreatment method for removing sludge contained in crude oil, which includes a first step of separating crude oil containing sludge that is composed of at least one material of clay, sand, gravel, and stone into a sludge component with a relatively higher specific gravity and a crude oil component with a relatively lower specific gravity using a centrifugal separator 12 and discharging the sludge component and the crude oil component; a second step of pressing the sludge discharged from the centrifugal separator 12 using a decanter type centrifugal separator and recovering the oil remaining in the sludge; and a third step of producing recycled fuel using the sludge discharged in the second step or solidifying the sludge.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS
According to the crude oil pretreatment system and method according to the present invention, the sludge included in the crude oil can be removed more efficiently and safely in comparison to the methods for processing sludge in a crude oil tank in the related art. Since scale and sludge in the crude oil are removed in advance, the operation efficiency of plant equipment such as crude oil tanks possessed by petrochemical estates, oil refinery companies, and petroleum corporations is heightened, the productivity of oil refinery industry is improved, and the cost for reformation and repair of the equipment, such as a crude oil tank and the like, is reduced.
Also, by performing pretreatment of oil using the present invention, the amount of sludge that is accumulated in the crude oil tank is greatly reduced, and thus the time required for the cleaning work of the crude oil tank can be reduced.
Further, according to the crude oil pretreatment system and method according to the present invention, since the sludge is always obtained in the crude oil pretreatment process, it becomes possible to stably produce the recycled fuel or the like using the sludge, and thus another industrial development and environment protection effects caused by resource recycling can be obtained.
In addition, by exporting the plant equipment of the crude oil pretreatment system according to the present invention to overseas oil producing companies with construction and operation of the plant equipment, the advance of a new plant construction industry into overseas markets becomes possible.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a crude oil transportation and storage system in the related art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating methods for removing sludge that is accumulated in a crude oil storage tank 2 after crude oil in a tanker 3 is moved to a crude oil storage tank 2 in the related art system of FIG. 2;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a crude oil pretreatment system for removing sludge included in crude oil according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating in detail a portion of a centrifugal separator 12 in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating sludge oil recovery means 17 and 18 in FIG. 3 and the subsequent processes;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a secondary sludge oil recovery means 18 in FIG. 5 and the subsequent processes;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the crude oil pretreatment system of FIG. 3, in which centrifugal separators 12 and primary sludge oil recovery means 17 are provided in parallel; and FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a crude oil pretreatment process to which a crude oil pretreatment system is applied according to the present invention.
* Description of Reference Numerals in the Drawing 1: plant equipment of an oil refining company 2: crude oil storage tank 2a: floating roof 2b: sludge 3: tanker 3a: crude oil tank 4, 4a: crude oil transportation line 5: crude oil 6: pump 10: crude oil producing equipment 11: oil field ha: crude oil transportation line 12: centrifugal separator 13a: nitrogen tank 13b: pump 13c: gas injection pipe 13d: gas injection nozzle 14a: gas collection tank 14b: liquefier 14c: liquefied petroleum gas storage tank 14d: outlet valve 15a: crude oil transportation line 15b: joint portion 16: crude oil storage tank 17, 18: sludge oil recovery means 19: sludge fuelization and solidification processing means 20: recycled fuel product 22: centrifugal separating means 27: primary sludge oil recovery means 28: secondary sludge oil recovery means 30: oil tank truck 31: crude oil transportation pipe 51, 51a: sludge 51b: sludge cake 51c: extracted oil 100, 100': sludge removing system 120: driving motor 121: mixer 122: crude oil inlet 123: crude oil outlet 124: oil sludge discharge port 5 124a: sludge transportation pipe 171: drum driving motor 172: rotary drum 173: screw driving motor 173a: gear box 10 174: casing 174a: bearing block 174b: slot 175: frame 175a, 175b: vibration damping device 176: screw conveyer 176a: screw 176b: oil sludge discharge port 178: pump 179: sludge storage 181: microorganism de-oiling means 182: electro-penetrative type de-oiling means 183: distillation type de-oiling means BEST MODE
Hereinafter, the configuration and effect of a crude oil pretreatment system and method for removing sludge included in crude oil according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the following examples are illustrative only and the present invention is not limited thereto.
According to the present invention, a system for pretreatment of crude oil means a system and device which removes sludge (clay, sand, gravel, paraffin component, and other mineral matters) contained in crude oil that is imported into the domestic country and crude oil that is processed in the oil producing country in advance before the crude oil is transported to the crude oil tank, and performs resource recycling of the removed sludge.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a crude oil pretreatment system for removing sludge included in crude oil according to the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3, crude oil that is produced by crude oil producing equipment 10 such as an oil field 11 is transported through a crude oil transportation line ha together with sludge included in the crude oil. In the related art, the crude oil directly enters into and is stored in a crude oil storage tank 16, whereas according to the present invention, sludge is removed from the crude oil by the crude oil pretreatment system 100 before the crude oil enters into the crude oil storage tank 16, and only a clear crude oil component enters into the crude oil storage tank 16.
The crude oil pretreatment system 100 according to the present invention includes a centrifugal separator 12, a sludge oil recovery means 17, and a sludge fuelization and solidification processing means 19, and a secondary sludge oil recovery means 18 may be installed at the rear end of the sludge oil recovery means (see FIGS. 5 and 6).
The centrifugal separator 12 may be one of diverse kinds of devices. In the description of the present invention, for convenience in explanation, a centrifugal separator in which a general cylinder and a cone are combined in shape is exemplified. The centrifugal separator according to the present invention has the same basic structure as that of the existing centrifugal separator for water treatment, but performs a different function as a centrifugal separator for crude oil treatment. A mixer 121 that is rotated by a driving motor 120 is installed inside the centrifugal separator 12 to make the crude oil rotate in the centrifugal separator 12. The crude oil enters into the centrifugal separator through a crude oil inlet port 122 (see FIG.
4) of the centrifugal separator 12. As the crude oil is rotated by the rotation of the mixer 121, a sludge component with a higher specific gravity is concentrated onto an inner wall surface of the centrifugal separator 12 to gradually descend along the inner wall surface and to be precipitated on the cone-shaped lower portion of the centrifugal separator, while a crude oil component 50 with a lower specific gravity is transferred to the crude oil transportation line 15 through a crude oil outlet port 123 (see FIG. 4) installed in an upper portion of the centrifugal separator 15 to be transported to the crude oil storage tank 15.
On the other hand, the sludge 51 that is gathered on the lower portion of the centrifugal separator 12 is discharged and enters into the sludge oil recovery means 17, which is preferably implemented by a decanter type centrifugal separator. However, since the oil recovery means 17 is to recover the oil by squeezing the sludge that includes an oil component, it may not be the decanter type centrifugal separator as exemplified in FIGS. 3 and 5. That is, it is sufficient if the oil recovery means 17 is any kind of compression device that can achieve the same effect of recovering the oil by squeezing the sludge.
If the sludge 51 enters into the sludge inlet port of the sludge oil recovery means 17 as illustrated in FIG. 3, the oil in the sludge 51 is compressed to come out of the sludge 51 by a screw conveyer 176 (see FIG.
5) that is installed to be rotated in an opposite direction in the rotating drum 172. After the oil component in the sludge 51 is squeezed, the oil content of the sludge 51 that has entered into the sludge oil recovery means 17 is greatly lowered to cause a sludge cake 51b to be produced. This sludge cake 51b is used for the production of a refuse derived fuel (RDF) 20 by the sludge fuelization and solidification processing means 19 or is destroyed by fire to make ash that is used as a material of concrete or asphalt concrete.
On the other hand, the oil 51c that is recovered by the sludge oil recovery means 17 is transported to the crude oil transportation line 15a by a pump 178, which meets with the original crude oil transportation line 15, to enter into the crude oil storage tank 16.
Since the crude oil stored in the crude oil storage tank 16 according to the present invention has a relatively higher sludge content and higher purity in comparison to the crude oil that is directly transported from the oil field 11 and stored without any pretreatment process in the related art, the crude oil can be sold at a higher price than that of general crude oil in the related art from the viewpoint of the oil producing country, and the high-purity crude oil enables much more gasoline, kerosene, and light oil to be produced and thus is profitable even though a higher price is put on the crude oil from the viewpoint of the oil importing country. From the viewpoint of the importing country, importing of a high-quality crude oil not only heightens the yield of production of a high quality fuel to be profitable but also reduces the cleaning and maintenance cost of the crude oil tank in the long run.
Particularly, it is not necessary to take environmental hazardous substances such as sludge into the home country, and this is greatly advantageous in environment.
Accordingly, in the case of installing the crude oil pretreatment system and method according to the present invention in the oil producing country, the sludge included in the crude oil is removed in advance and a high quality crude oil is supplied in the market, so that both the oil producing country and the oil importing country can receive benefits.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating in detail a portion of a centrifugal separator 12 in FIG. 3.
Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the centrifugal separator 12 has a different structure from the centrifugal separator that is adopted in general water treatment processing.
That is, the centrifugal separator 12 that is developed for the pretreatment of crude oil according to the present invention is required to prevent light gases, such as methane, ethane, profane, butane, and the like, which come out from the crude oil in a crude oil stirring process, from contacting external oxygen to cause explosion of the gases. For this, the centrifugal separator 12 is additionally provided with equipment that injects gas for preventing explosion into the centrifugal separator and equipment that safely takes out the light gas component generated in the centrifugal separator 12 to the outside. In the present invention, it is preferable to use nitrogen gas (N2) which can be easily obtained and treated as the gas for preventing explosion.
Nitrogen is stored in a storage tank 13a for preventing explosion, and the nitrogen gas in the storage tank 13a for preventing explosion is pressed by a pump 13b, and then enters into the centrifugal separator 12 through the gas injection pipe 13c and the gas injection nozzle 13d. Although only one gas injection nozzle 13d is illustrated in FIG. 4, it is preferable to install gas injection nozzles 13d in plural positions inside the centrifugal separator 12 since it is effective to inject the gas for preventing 5 explosion through several places of the centrifugal separator 12.
On the other hand, the light gas components generated in the centrifugal separator 12 are discharged through an air discharge vent, primarily collected in a 10 gas collection tank 14a, liquefied by a liquefier 14b, and then stored in a liquefied petrol gas storage tank 14c. The liquefied petrol gas that is stored in the liquefied petrol gas storage tank 14c is circulated in the same manner as the typical liquefied petrol gas.
SLUDGE INCLUDED IN CRUDE OIL
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a crude oil pretreatment system and method for removing sludge included in crude oil. More particularly, the present invention relates to a crude oil pretreatment system and method, which enable sludge contained in crude oil and various petrochemical products to be removed in advance and only the crude oil with low sludge content to be loaded into a tanker or stored in a crude oil storage tank, thereby preventing problems caused by the sludge in the subsequent processes of transportation, storage, and refining.
BACKGROUND ART
Nowadays, petroleum has been situated as a core power source that supports industrial activities and economical activities in the whole world. With the benefits of modern civilization, most of resources that human enjoys are derived from petroleum, and thus the petroleum is the most important energy source and a basic material. Since all human activities deeply depend on petroleum, we cannot even imagine modern civilization with no petroleum.
The petroleum is obtained by refining crude oil that is mined in underground or offshore oil fields.
Various impurities, such as clay, sand, gravel, stone, and the like, are mixed with the crude oil. While the crude oil is transported or stored, these impurities are precipitated and accumulated in a sludge form. In general, crude oil that is produced in an oil producing country is first transported to a crude oil storage tank through a pipe line, shipped in a tanker in a port, and then transported to an oil importing country. When the tanker arrives in the oil importing country, the crude oil is transferred to a crude oil storage tank that is constructed in the port, and then transported to a plant of a neighboring oil refining company through a pipe line.
As described above, in the related art, since the crude oil is stored in a crude oil tank in each step of transporting the crude oil, carried out of the crude oil tank, and then transported to a next place, sludge in the crude oil, which remains in the crude oil tank, is precipitated and accumulated in the crude oil tank.
Since the crude oil sludge is adhered to the bottom of the crude oil tank in a sticky and solid form, it becomes impossible to take out the crude oil sludge through a pipe once the crude oil sludge is precipitated on the bottom of the tank, and thus it is required to remove the sludge by applying special chemicals and methods.
Typically, crude oil storage tanks installed in the neighborhood of ports of oil producing companies are extra-large tanks which have diameters of 75 to 100 meters and storage amounts of about 700,000 to 1,000,000 barrels, respectively, and sludge is accumulated as it is until tank cleaning work for removing the accumulated sludge through an open inspection is done. In most countries, it is prescribed by the laws that a crude oil tank has an open inspection normally once in ten years, and in the case of a crude oil tank containing 700,000 barrels of oil, sludge of about 10,000 tons is commonly removed by the open inspection.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a crude oil transportation and storage system in the related art, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating methods applied to the crude oil transportation and storage system in the related art.
Referring to FIG. 1, crude oil 5 contained in a crude oil tank 3a of a tanker 3 is crude oil that is produced in an oil field of an oil producing country, stored in a crude oil storage tank constructed therein, and then shipped, and still includes a large amount of sludge, such as clay, sand, gravel, stone, and the like, although part of the sludge has been precipitated and remained in the crude oil storage tank in the oil producing country. While a tanker 3 makes a voyage from an oil producing country such as an Arab country to our country for about 40 to 50 days, a mixer in a crude oil tank 3a is continuously driven to prevent sludge from being precipitated in the crude oil tank 3a. If the tanker 3 arrives at a port of the importing country, the crude oil 5 is transported to the crude oil storage tank 2 through a transportation line 4, and at this time, the crude oil 5 in the tanker is stirred by the mixer and pulled up by a pump to be transported to the crude oil storage tank 2 together with the sludge (see FIG. 2).
In most cases, the crude oil storage tank 2 has a structure in the form of a floating roof 2a, and if the tank 2 is filled with the crude oil 5, a cover 2a ascends accordingly. While the crude oil storage tank 2 is used, sludge 2b is continuously precipitated on the bottom of the tank 2, and this sludge 2b can be discharged to the outside only through opening and cleaning of the crude oil storage tank 2.
In FIG. 1, the unexplained reference numeral 1 denotes plant equipment of an oil refining company, and the reference numeral 6 denotes a pump installed on the transportation line 4 to transport the crude oil 5.
As methods for removing sludge that is accumulated in the crude oil tank, a crude oil washing (COW) method, a supermax method, a megamax method, a bravo system method, a zeros method, and the like, have been developed. Among them, the remaining methods except for the zeros method are all brand names of foreign technologies regarding tank cleaning. They have a common point that after the cover of the tank is open and chemicals are sprayed in the tank to melt the sludge, persons who wear special equipment directly enter into the tank and dip out the sludge with shovels. By contrast, according to the zeros method, the sludge is resolved using chemicals for melting the sludge and high-pressure cleaning liquid injection devices and the melted sludge is suck up by a sludge pump. Although this method has the advantage that it is not necessary for a person to directly enter into the tank, expensive chemicals and equipment should be used, and thus the cost for the tank cleaning work is greatly increased.
Typically, in the case of cleaning a crude oil tank containing 700,000 barrels of oil using the methods except for the zeros method, it takes about one month at a cost of about one hundred million won. Since the work to remove the sludge in the crude oil tank requires a large outlay and a lot of time and the crude oil sludge that is hazardous to the environment should be taken out and processed, the work to remove the sludge may be disadvantageous in economy and environment.
Problems caused by the sludge accumulated in the crude oil tank occur not only in an oil importing country but also in an oil producing country. In the oil producing company, the produced crude oil is stored in a crude oil tank before the crude oil is transported to consumers, and it requires a large outlay and a lot of time to clean the crude oil tank for removing the sludge accumulated in the crude oil tank. As an example, about 2,000 crude oil tanks are installed in Malaysia that is an oil producing country, and if it is assumed that the _ crude oil tanks are cleaned once in ten years, about 200 crude oil tanks should stop their use for cleaning in a year.
As described above, various problems occurring due 5 to the sludge in the crude oil tank are caused by the impurities that are mixed with and included in the crude oil during the mining of the crude oil. Up to now, since the mined crude oil has been transported or stored as it is, it is considered it cannot be helped that the sludge is accumulated in the crude oil tank during the transportation or storage of the crude oil and the cleaning of the crude oil tank is a subcontracted work.
However, there is a need for development of a new crude oil processing system which prevents or minimizes the occurrence of sludge in the crude oil tank. That is, if the sludge included in the crude oil is separated and removed in advance before the crude oil enters into the tank, the cost and time required for cleaning the crude oil tank can be reduced and high-quality crude oil can be circulated to heighten the added value in the whole petroleum industry.
DISCLOSURE
TECHNICAL PROBLEM
Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a crude oil pretreatment system and method, which can remove sludge contained in crude oil and various petrochemical products in advance and thus prevent the sludge from being accumulated in a crude oil tank.
TECHNICAL SOLUTION
In one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a crude oil pretreatment system for removing sludge contained in crude oil, which includes a centrifugal separator 12 receiving crude oil containing sludge that is composed of at least one material of clay, sand, gravel, and stone, and stirring and rotating the crude oil in the internal space thereof to separate the crude oil into a sludge component with a relatively higher specific gravity and a crude oil component with a relatively lower specific gravity and to discharge the sludge component and the crude oil component; a sludge oil recovery means for pressing the sludge discharged from the centrifugal separator and recovering the oil remaining in the sludge; and a crude oil storage tank receiving and storing the discharged crude oil from which the sludge has been removed by the centrifugal separator and the oil that has been recovered by the sludge oil recovery means to be discharged.
Also, in another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a crude oil pretreatment method for removing sludge contained in crude oil, which includes a first step of separating crude oil containing sludge that is composed of at least one material of clay, sand, gravel, and stone into a sludge component with a relatively higher specific gravity and a crude oil component with a relatively lower specific gravity using a centrifugal separator 12 and discharging the sludge component and the crude oil component; a second step of pressing the sludge discharged from the centrifugal separator 12 using a decanter type centrifugal separator and recovering the oil remaining in the sludge; and a third step of producing recycled fuel using the sludge discharged in the second step or solidifying the sludge.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS
According to the crude oil pretreatment system and method according to the present invention, the sludge included in the crude oil can be removed more efficiently and safely in comparison to the methods for processing sludge in a crude oil tank in the related art. Since scale and sludge in the crude oil are removed in advance, the operation efficiency of plant equipment such as crude oil tanks possessed by petrochemical estates, oil refinery companies, and petroleum corporations is heightened, the productivity of oil refinery industry is improved, and the cost for reformation and repair of the equipment, such as a crude oil tank and the like, is reduced.
Also, by performing pretreatment of oil using the present invention, the amount of sludge that is accumulated in the crude oil tank is greatly reduced, and thus the time required for the cleaning work of the crude oil tank can be reduced.
Further, according to the crude oil pretreatment system and method according to the present invention, since the sludge is always obtained in the crude oil pretreatment process, it becomes possible to stably produce the recycled fuel or the like using the sludge, and thus another industrial development and environment protection effects caused by resource recycling can be obtained.
In addition, by exporting the plant equipment of the crude oil pretreatment system according to the present invention to overseas oil producing companies with construction and operation of the plant equipment, the advance of a new plant construction industry into overseas markets becomes possible.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a crude oil transportation and storage system in the related art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating methods for removing sludge that is accumulated in a crude oil storage tank 2 after crude oil in a tanker 3 is moved to a crude oil storage tank 2 in the related art system of FIG. 2;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a crude oil pretreatment system for removing sludge included in crude oil according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating in detail a portion of a centrifugal separator 12 in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating sludge oil recovery means 17 and 18 in FIG. 3 and the subsequent processes;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a secondary sludge oil recovery means 18 in FIG. 5 and the subsequent processes;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the crude oil pretreatment system of FIG. 3, in which centrifugal separators 12 and primary sludge oil recovery means 17 are provided in parallel; and FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a crude oil pretreatment process to which a crude oil pretreatment system is applied according to the present invention.
* Description of Reference Numerals in the Drawing 1: plant equipment of an oil refining company 2: crude oil storage tank 2a: floating roof 2b: sludge 3: tanker 3a: crude oil tank 4, 4a: crude oil transportation line 5: crude oil 6: pump 10: crude oil producing equipment 11: oil field ha: crude oil transportation line 12: centrifugal separator 13a: nitrogen tank 13b: pump 13c: gas injection pipe 13d: gas injection nozzle 14a: gas collection tank 14b: liquefier 14c: liquefied petroleum gas storage tank 14d: outlet valve 15a: crude oil transportation line 15b: joint portion 16: crude oil storage tank 17, 18: sludge oil recovery means 19: sludge fuelization and solidification processing means 20: recycled fuel product 22: centrifugal separating means 27: primary sludge oil recovery means 28: secondary sludge oil recovery means 30: oil tank truck 31: crude oil transportation pipe 51, 51a: sludge 51b: sludge cake 51c: extracted oil 100, 100': sludge removing system 120: driving motor 121: mixer 122: crude oil inlet 123: crude oil outlet 124: oil sludge discharge port 5 124a: sludge transportation pipe 171: drum driving motor 172: rotary drum 173: screw driving motor 173a: gear box 10 174: casing 174a: bearing block 174b: slot 175: frame 175a, 175b: vibration damping device 176: screw conveyer 176a: screw 176b: oil sludge discharge port 178: pump 179: sludge storage 181: microorganism de-oiling means 182: electro-penetrative type de-oiling means 183: distillation type de-oiling means BEST MODE
Hereinafter, the configuration and effect of a crude oil pretreatment system and method for removing sludge included in crude oil according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the following examples are illustrative only and the present invention is not limited thereto.
According to the present invention, a system for pretreatment of crude oil means a system and device which removes sludge (clay, sand, gravel, paraffin component, and other mineral matters) contained in crude oil that is imported into the domestic country and crude oil that is processed in the oil producing country in advance before the crude oil is transported to the crude oil tank, and performs resource recycling of the removed sludge.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a crude oil pretreatment system for removing sludge included in crude oil according to the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3, crude oil that is produced by crude oil producing equipment 10 such as an oil field 11 is transported through a crude oil transportation line ha together with sludge included in the crude oil. In the related art, the crude oil directly enters into and is stored in a crude oil storage tank 16, whereas according to the present invention, sludge is removed from the crude oil by the crude oil pretreatment system 100 before the crude oil enters into the crude oil storage tank 16, and only a clear crude oil component enters into the crude oil storage tank 16.
The crude oil pretreatment system 100 according to the present invention includes a centrifugal separator 12, a sludge oil recovery means 17, and a sludge fuelization and solidification processing means 19, and a secondary sludge oil recovery means 18 may be installed at the rear end of the sludge oil recovery means (see FIGS. 5 and 6).
The centrifugal separator 12 may be one of diverse kinds of devices. In the description of the present invention, for convenience in explanation, a centrifugal separator in which a general cylinder and a cone are combined in shape is exemplified. The centrifugal separator according to the present invention has the same basic structure as that of the existing centrifugal separator for water treatment, but performs a different function as a centrifugal separator for crude oil treatment. A mixer 121 that is rotated by a driving motor 120 is installed inside the centrifugal separator 12 to make the crude oil rotate in the centrifugal separator 12. The crude oil enters into the centrifugal separator through a crude oil inlet port 122 (see FIG.
4) of the centrifugal separator 12. As the crude oil is rotated by the rotation of the mixer 121, a sludge component with a higher specific gravity is concentrated onto an inner wall surface of the centrifugal separator 12 to gradually descend along the inner wall surface and to be precipitated on the cone-shaped lower portion of the centrifugal separator, while a crude oil component 50 with a lower specific gravity is transferred to the crude oil transportation line 15 through a crude oil outlet port 123 (see FIG. 4) installed in an upper portion of the centrifugal separator 15 to be transported to the crude oil storage tank 15.
On the other hand, the sludge 51 that is gathered on the lower portion of the centrifugal separator 12 is discharged and enters into the sludge oil recovery means 17, which is preferably implemented by a decanter type centrifugal separator. However, since the oil recovery means 17 is to recover the oil by squeezing the sludge that includes an oil component, it may not be the decanter type centrifugal separator as exemplified in FIGS. 3 and 5. That is, it is sufficient if the oil recovery means 17 is any kind of compression device that can achieve the same effect of recovering the oil by squeezing the sludge.
If the sludge 51 enters into the sludge inlet port of the sludge oil recovery means 17 as illustrated in FIG. 3, the oil in the sludge 51 is compressed to come out of the sludge 51 by a screw conveyer 176 (see FIG.
5) that is installed to be rotated in an opposite direction in the rotating drum 172. After the oil component in the sludge 51 is squeezed, the oil content of the sludge 51 that has entered into the sludge oil recovery means 17 is greatly lowered to cause a sludge cake 51b to be produced. This sludge cake 51b is used for the production of a refuse derived fuel (RDF) 20 by the sludge fuelization and solidification processing means 19 or is destroyed by fire to make ash that is used as a material of concrete or asphalt concrete.
On the other hand, the oil 51c that is recovered by the sludge oil recovery means 17 is transported to the crude oil transportation line 15a by a pump 178, which meets with the original crude oil transportation line 15, to enter into the crude oil storage tank 16.
Since the crude oil stored in the crude oil storage tank 16 according to the present invention has a relatively higher sludge content and higher purity in comparison to the crude oil that is directly transported from the oil field 11 and stored without any pretreatment process in the related art, the crude oil can be sold at a higher price than that of general crude oil in the related art from the viewpoint of the oil producing country, and the high-purity crude oil enables much more gasoline, kerosene, and light oil to be produced and thus is profitable even though a higher price is put on the crude oil from the viewpoint of the oil importing country. From the viewpoint of the importing country, importing of a high-quality crude oil not only heightens the yield of production of a high quality fuel to be profitable but also reduces the cleaning and maintenance cost of the crude oil tank in the long run.
Particularly, it is not necessary to take environmental hazardous substances such as sludge into the home country, and this is greatly advantageous in environment.
Accordingly, in the case of installing the crude oil pretreatment system and method according to the present invention in the oil producing country, the sludge included in the crude oil is removed in advance and a high quality crude oil is supplied in the market, so that both the oil producing country and the oil importing country can receive benefits.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating in detail a portion of a centrifugal separator 12 in FIG. 3.
Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the centrifugal separator 12 has a different structure from the centrifugal separator that is adopted in general water treatment processing.
That is, the centrifugal separator 12 that is developed for the pretreatment of crude oil according to the present invention is required to prevent light gases, such as methane, ethane, profane, butane, and the like, which come out from the crude oil in a crude oil stirring process, from contacting external oxygen to cause explosion of the gases. For this, the centrifugal separator 12 is additionally provided with equipment that injects gas for preventing explosion into the centrifugal separator and equipment that safely takes out the light gas component generated in the centrifugal separator 12 to the outside. In the present invention, it is preferable to use nitrogen gas (N2) which can be easily obtained and treated as the gas for preventing explosion.
Nitrogen is stored in a storage tank 13a for preventing explosion, and the nitrogen gas in the storage tank 13a for preventing explosion is pressed by a pump 13b, and then enters into the centrifugal separator 12 through the gas injection pipe 13c and the gas injection nozzle 13d. Although only one gas injection nozzle 13d is illustrated in FIG. 4, it is preferable to install gas injection nozzles 13d in plural positions inside the centrifugal separator 12 since it is effective to inject the gas for preventing 5 explosion through several places of the centrifugal separator 12.
On the other hand, the light gas components generated in the centrifugal separator 12 are discharged through an air discharge vent, primarily collected in a 10 gas collection tank 14a, liquefied by a liquefier 14b, and then stored in a liquefied petrol gas storage tank 14c. The liquefied petrol gas that is stored in the liquefied petrol gas storage tank 14c is circulated in the same manner as the typical liquefied petrol gas.
15 In FIG. 4, the unexplained reference numeral 20 denotes a collected gas discharge pipe connected to the centrifugal separator 12, and 14d denotes an outlet valve of the liquefied petrol gas storage tank 14c.
Also, the crude oil 5 that exists in the centrifugal separator 12 as supernatant is discharged to the crude oil transportation line 15 through the crude oil outlet port 123, and the sludge 51 is discharged to the sludge transportation pipe 124a through a sludge discharge port 124 on the lower portion of the centrifugal separator 12, and enters into the sludge oil recovery means 17.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating sludge oil recovery means 17 and 18 in FIG. 3 and the subsequent processes.
In FIG. 3, only one sludge oil recovery means 17 is illustrated, but in FIG. 5, two sludge oil recovery means are illustrated as another embodiment of the present invention. That is, the sludge oil recovery means 18 that uses a decanter type centrifugal separator is used as the primary sludge oil recovery means, and a secondary sludge oil recovery means 18 of another type is arranged at the rear end thereof. The primary sludge oil recovery means 17 has a structure in which a screw conveyer 172 that is rotated in an opposite direction to a drum 172 is concentrically installed in the inside of the drum 1172, and oil sludge 51 is put into the inner space of the screw conveyer 176. As the screw conveyer 176 and the rotary drum 172 are rotated in opposite directions, the sludge 51 that includes oil 51c is pressed, and the extracted oil 51c is discharged through an oil discharge port that is located on the right side in FIG. 5.
The rotary drum 172 that is arranged in a casing 174 is rotated in a first direction by a drum driving motor 171, and the screw conveyer 176 that is installed in an inner space of the rotary drum 172 is rotated in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction by a screw driving motor 173. The sludge 51 enters into the inner space of the screw conveyer 176 through a sludge transportation pipe 124a and an inlet port 174b, and drops on the inner wall surface of the rotary drum 172 through an oil sludge discharge port 176b by the rotation of the screw conveyer 176. Then, screws 176a which are successively formed on a circumferential portion of the screw conveyer 176 compulsorily transports the sludge 51a to the left as in the drawing as scratching the inner wall surface of the rotary drum 172, and in this process, the oil component 51c is pressed and extracted from the sludge 51a. The sludge from which the oil has been extracted is discharged in the form of a sludge cake 51b and stored in a sludge storage 179.
In FIG. 5, the unexplained reference numeral 174a denotes a bearing block that support the shaft of the screw conveyer 176 in the casing 174, and 173a denotes a gear box that transfers the driving power of the screw driving motor 173 to the screw conveyer 176. On the other hand, the casing 174 is supported on a frame 175, and impact caused by the vibration of the frame 175 is absorbed by vibration damping devices 175a and 175b. On the other hand, the oil 51c extracted and recovered by the primary sludge oil recovery means 17 is transported to the crude oil storage tank through the crude oil transportation line 15a.
In addition, the sludge 51b discharged from the primary sludge oil recovery means 17 may be processed once more to reduce the content rate by the secondary sludge oil recovery means 18, and in this case, the recovered oil is also transported to the crude oil storage tank.
According to the inventor's experiments, the content rate of the sludge 51 that is discharged from the centrifugal separator 12 was about 80%, the content rate of the sludge 51b that is discharged from the primary sludge oil recovery means 17 was about 60%, and the content rate of the sludge that passed through the secondary sludge oil recovery means 18 once more was reduced down to about 40%.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the secondary sludge oil recovery means 18 in FIG. 5 and the subsequent processes. The secondary sludge oil recovery means 18 may be configured by applying a de-oiling means 181 using microorganism, an electro-penetrative type de-oiling means 182 currently commercialized, or a distillation type de-oiling means 183. The de-oiling means using microorganism resolves the oil in the sludge by utilizing a kind of chemical mechanism of fermentation using microorganism, whereas the electro-penetrative type de-oiling means 182 dehydrates the oil in the sludge by supplying the sludge between the drum that is positively charged and a caterpillar that is negatively charged. The distillation type de-oiling means 183 performs de-oiling of the sludge in a manner that it makes the oil component evaporate by heating the sludge and then acquires the oil by cooling again the evaporated gaseous oil.
The crude oil pretreatment system according to the present invention may adopt any one of three kinds of secondary sludge oil recovery means 181, 182, and 183 as illustrated in FIG. 6, and these de-oiling means may be applied in duplication or in parallel.
The oil recovered from the secondary sludge oil recovery means 18 is transported to the crude oil storage tank, and is used to produce recycled fuel or solidified by the sludge fuelization and solidification processing equipment 19.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the crude oil pretreatment system of FIG. 3, in which the centrifugal separators 12 and the primary sludge oil recovery means 17 are provided in parallel.
Although one centrifugal separator 12 and one primary sludge oil recovery means 17 are illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 6, it will be insufficient to simultaneously process a large amount of crude oil using only one centrifugal separator in an actual crude oil pretreatment spot. Accordingly, it is preferable to install plural centrifugal separators 12 for processing the crude oil transported from the crude oil producing equipment 10 and plural sludge oil recovery means 17 at the rear ends thereof in parallel as many as required according to their capacities. In FIG. 7, a centrifugal separating means 22 is composed of a plurality of centrifugal separators 12, and at the rear ends of the respective centrifugal separators 12, a plurality of primary sludge oil recovery means 17 are installed, respectively. The respective primary sludge oil recovery means 17 constitute a primary sludge oil recovery means 27 as a whole. Also, a plurality of secondary sludge oil recovery means 28 may be installed. The recovered oil is transported to the crude oil storage tank 16, and then is supplied to respective consumers by an oil tank truck 30, a crude oil pipe line 31, or a tanker 3.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a crude oil pretreatment process to which a crude oil pretreatment system is applied according to the present invention. As compared with FIG. 1, in the related art, the mined crude oil is stored in the crude oil storage tank as it is, and then transported to the importing country through a tanker. By contrast, according to the present invention, the crude oil pretreatment system 100 is configured to be connected to the crude oil producing equipment, and a pretreatment process for removing sludge included in the crude oil is performed before the crude oil that is produced from the crude oil producing equipment 10 is stored in the crude oil storage tank or is shipped in the tanker. Since clean crude oil is stored in the crude oil tank after the sludge is removed by the crude oil pretreatment system 100 in advance, a small amount of sludge is precipitated in the crude oil tank of the oil producing country, the cost for maintaining and managing the crude oil tank is reduced, and the high-quality crude oil can be sold at a high price to greatly improve the benefits.
The crude oil pretreatment system according to the present invention, which is required in the oil producing country, may be applied before the crude oil storage tank of the crude oil importing country with good effect. That is, the crude oil in the tanker includes about 5 to 10% sludge to lower the quality, and if this crude oil is stored in the crude oil storage tank 2 as it is, a large amount of sludge is accumulated, and the efficiency of the crude oil tank is lowered to impose a heavy burden on an oil refining process of an oil refining company. However, if the crude oil pretreatment system 100' is applied in a step 5 just before the crude oil storage tank of the crude oil importing country, the advanced pretreatment of the crude oil that is transferred from the oil tank 3a of the tanker 3 is performed in real time, and thus clean crude oil, from which the sludge has been removed, is 10 stored in the crude oil tank 2. Accordingly, the sludge can be prevented from being accumulated in the crude oil tank 2, and the oil refining process of the oil refining company can be performed more easily.
According to the crude oil pretreatment system and 15 method for removing sludge included in the crude oil according to the present invention, the sludge in the crude oil is removed in advance before the crude oil that is loaded in the tanker enters into the tank, and thus the secondary and thirdly pollution due to the 20 sludge can be prevented.
Particularly, the crude oil pretreatment system and method according to the present invention can be connected even with a waste resource recycling system.
In summary, the effects of the crude oil pretreatment system according to the present invention are as follows.
(1) A normal supply of crude oil is smoothly performed.
(2) Since the speed of accumulating the sludge included in the crude oil in the tank is reduced, the time required for the tank open inspection is shortened, and the stability of operation of the plant equipment is secured.
(3) A trouble in the crude oil processing is prevented, the reduction of the thermal efficiency due to the sludge is suppressed, and the productivity of the final petroleum products is increased.
(4) The burden of waste processing due to the sludge is reduced, and the resource recycling effect can be obtained.
(5) Various problems occurring during a tank cleaning work are solved, and the working time is greatly reduced. Also, the safety of a worker can be secured, and the productivity of the oil refining equipment is improved, and the lifespan of the device can be prolonged.
The crude oil pretreatment system and method according to the present invention, which removes the sludge included in the crude oil in advance, is basically different from the related art methods for removing the sludge, such as the existing COW method, supermax method, a megamax method, and the like, and can obtain far superior effects in comparison to the existing methods. Particularly, unlike the existing COW
method that is merely a method for removing the sludge accumulated in the crude oil tank, the crude oil pretreatment system and method according to the present invention enables only the high-purity crude oil to be put into the crude oil storage tank by removing in advance the sludge in the crude oil during introduction of the crude oil. Accordingly, problems on the process due to the sludge are solved, the quantity of production is increased, and the necessity of reformation and repair is reduced. Also, the safety of the device is secured, the cost for processing the sludge is reduced, and the system can be connected to a recycled fuel project by resource reclaiming.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
As described above, according to the crude oil pretreatment system and method according to the present invention, the sludge included in the crude oil can be removed more efficiently and safely in comparison to the methods for processing sludge in a crude oil tank in the related art. Since scale and sludge in the crude oil are removed in advance, the operation efficiency of plant equipment such as crude oil tanks possessed by petrochemical estates, oil refinery companies, and petroleum corporations is heightened, the productivity of oil refinery industry is improved, and the cost for reformation and repair of the equipment, such as a crude oil tank and the like, is reduced.
Also, by performing pretreatment of oil using the present invention, the amount of sludge that is accumulated in the crude oil tank is greatly reduced, and thus the time required for the cleaning work of the crude oil tank can be reduced.
Further, according to the crude oil pretreatment system and method according to the present invention, since the sludge is always obtained in the crude oil pretreatment process, it becomes possible to stably produce the recycled fuel or the like using the sludge, and thus another industrial development and environment protection effects caused by resource recycling can be obtained.
In addition, by exporting the plant equipment of the crude oil pretreatment system according to the present invention to overseas oil producing companies with construction and operation of the plant equipment, the advance of a new plant construction industry into overseas markets becomes possible.
While this invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiment and the drawings.
Also, the crude oil 5 that exists in the centrifugal separator 12 as supernatant is discharged to the crude oil transportation line 15 through the crude oil outlet port 123, and the sludge 51 is discharged to the sludge transportation pipe 124a through a sludge discharge port 124 on the lower portion of the centrifugal separator 12, and enters into the sludge oil recovery means 17.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating sludge oil recovery means 17 and 18 in FIG. 3 and the subsequent processes.
In FIG. 3, only one sludge oil recovery means 17 is illustrated, but in FIG. 5, two sludge oil recovery means are illustrated as another embodiment of the present invention. That is, the sludge oil recovery means 18 that uses a decanter type centrifugal separator is used as the primary sludge oil recovery means, and a secondary sludge oil recovery means 18 of another type is arranged at the rear end thereof. The primary sludge oil recovery means 17 has a structure in which a screw conveyer 172 that is rotated in an opposite direction to a drum 172 is concentrically installed in the inside of the drum 1172, and oil sludge 51 is put into the inner space of the screw conveyer 176. As the screw conveyer 176 and the rotary drum 172 are rotated in opposite directions, the sludge 51 that includes oil 51c is pressed, and the extracted oil 51c is discharged through an oil discharge port that is located on the right side in FIG. 5.
The rotary drum 172 that is arranged in a casing 174 is rotated in a first direction by a drum driving motor 171, and the screw conveyer 176 that is installed in an inner space of the rotary drum 172 is rotated in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction by a screw driving motor 173. The sludge 51 enters into the inner space of the screw conveyer 176 through a sludge transportation pipe 124a and an inlet port 174b, and drops on the inner wall surface of the rotary drum 172 through an oil sludge discharge port 176b by the rotation of the screw conveyer 176. Then, screws 176a which are successively formed on a circumferential portion of the screw conveyer 176 compulsorily transports the sludge 51a to the left as in the drawing as scratching the inner wall surface of the rotary drum 172, and in this process, the oil component 51c is pressed and extracted from the sludge 51a. The sludge from which the oil has been extracted is discharged in the form of a sludge cake 51b and stored in a sludge storage 179.
In FIG. 5, the unexplained reference numeral 174a denotes a bearing block that support the shaft of the screw conveyer 176 in the casing 174, and 173a denotes a gear box that transfers the driving power of the screw driving motor 173 to the screw conveyer 176. On the other hand, the casing 174 is supported on a frame 175, and impact caused by the vibration of the frame 175 is absorbed by vibration damping devices 175a and 175b. On the other hand, the oil 51c extracted and recovered by the primary sludge oil recovery means 17 is transported to the crude oil storage tank through the crude oil transportation line 15a.
In addition, the sludge 51b discharged from the primary sludge oil recovery means 17 may be processed once more to reduce the content rate by the secondary sludge oil recovery means 18, and in this case, the recovered oil is also transported to the crude oil storage tank.
According to the inventor's experiments, the content rate of the sludge 51 that is discharged from the centrifugal separator 12 was about 80%, the content rate of the sludge 51b that is discharged from the primary sludge oil recovery means 17 was about 60%, and the content rate of the sludge that passed through the secondary sludge oil recovery means 18 once more was reduced down to about 40%.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the secondary sludge oil recovery means 18 in FIG. 5 and the subsequent processes. The secondary sludge oil recovery means 18 may be configured by applying a de-oiling means 181 using microorganism, an electro-penetrative type de-oiling means 182 currently commercialized, or a distillation type de-oiling means 183. The de-oiling means using microorganism resolves the oil in the sludge by utilizing a kind of chemical mechanism of fermentation using microorganism, whereas the electro-penetrative type de-oiling means 182 dehydrates the oil in the sludge by supplying the sludge between the drum that is positively charged and a caterpillar that is negatively charged. The distillation type de-oiling means 183 performs de-oiling of the sludge in a manner that it makes the oil component evaporate by heating the sludge and then acquires the oil by cooling again the evaporated gaseous oil.
The crude oil pretreatment system according to the present invention may adopt any one of three kinds of secondary sludge oil recovery means 181, 182, and 183 as illustrated in FIG. 6, and these de-oiling means may be applied in duplication or in parallel.
The oil recovered from the secondary sludge oil recovery means 18 is transported to the crude oil storage tank, and is used to produce recycled fuel or solidified by the sludge fuelization and solidification processing equipment 19.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the crude oil pretreatment system of FIG. 3, in which the centrifugal separators 12 and the primary sludge oil recovery means 17 are provided in parallel.
Although one centrifugal separator 12 and one primary sludge oil recovery means 17 are illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 6, it will be insufficient to simultaneously process a large amount of crude oil using only one centrifugal separator in an actual crude oil pretreatment spot. Accordingly, it is preferable to install plural centrifugal separators 12 for processing the crude oil transported from the crude oil producing equipment 10 and plural sludge oil recovery means 17 at the rear ends thereof in parallel as many as required according to their capacities. In FIG. 7, a centrifugal separating means 22 is composed of a plurality of centrifugal separators 12, and at the rear ends of the respective centrifugal separators 12, a plurality of primary sludge oil recovery means 17 are installed, respectively. The respective primary sludge oil recovery means 17 constitute a primary sludge oil recovery means 27 as a whole. Also, a plurality of secondary sludge oil recovery means 28 may be installed. The recovered oil is transported to the crude oil storage tank 16, and then is supplied to respective consumers by an oil tank truck 30, a crude oil pipe line 31, or a tanker 3.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a crude oil pretreatment process to which a crude oil pretreatment system is applied according to the present invention. As compared with FIG. 1, in the related art, the mined crude oil is stored in the crude oil storage tank as it is, and then transported to the importing country through a tanker. By contrast, according to the present invention, the crude oil pretreatment system 100 is configured to be connected to the crude oil producing equipment, and a pretreatment process for removing sludge included in the crude oil is performed before the crude oil that is produced from the crude oil producing equipment 10 is stored in the crude oil storage tank or is shipped in the tanker. Since clean crude oil is stored in the crude oil tank after the sludge is removed by the crude oil pretreatment system 100 in advance, a small amount of sludge is precipitated in the crude oil tank of the oil producing country, the cost for maintaining and managing the crude oil tank is reduced, and the high-quality crude oil can be sold at a high price to greatly improve the benefits.
The crude oil pretreatment system according to the present invention, which is required in the oil producing country, may be applied before the crude oil storage tank of the crude oil importing country with good effect. That is, the crude oil in the tanker includes about 5 to 10% sludge to lower the quality, and if this crude oil is stored in the crude oil storage tank 2 as it is, a large amount of sludge is accumulated, and the efficiency of the crude oil tank is lowered to impose a heavy burden on an oil refining process of an oil refining company. However, if the crude oil pretreatment system 100' is applied in a step 5 just before the crude oil storage tank of the crude oil importing country, the advanced pretreatment of the crude oil that is transferred from the oil tank 3a of the tanker 3 is performed in real time, and thus clean crude oil, from which the sludge has been removed, is 10 stored in the crude oil tank 2. Accordingly, the sludge can be prevented from being accumulated in the crude oil tank 2, and the oil refining process of the oil refining company can be performed more easily.
According to the crude oil pretreatment system and 15 method for removing sludge included in the crude oil according to the present invention, the sludge in the crude oil is removed in advance before the crude oil that is loaded in the tanker enters into the tank, and thus the secondary and thirdly pollution due to the 20 sludge can be prevented.
Particularly, the crude oil pretreatment system and method according to the present invention can be connected even with a waste resource recycling system.
In summary, the effects of the crude oil pretreatment system according to the present invention are as follows.
(1) A normal supply of crude oil is smoothly performed.
(2) Since the speed of accumulating the sludge included in the crude oil in the tank is reduced, the time required for the tank open inspection is shortened, and the stability of operation of the plant equipment is secured.
(3) A trouble in the crude oil processing is prevented, the reduction of the thermal efficiency due to the sludge is suppressed, and the productivity of the final petroleum products is increased.
(4) The burden of waste processing due to the sludge is reduced, and the resource recycling effect can be obtained.
(5) Various problems occurring during a tank cleaning work are solved, and the working time is greatly reduced. Also, the safety of a worker can be secured, and the productivity of the oil refining equipment is improved, and the lifespan of the device can be prolonged.
The crude oil pretreatment system and method according to the present invention, which removes the sludge included in the crude oil in advance, is basically different from the related art methods for removing the sludge, such as the existing COW method, supermax method, a megamax method, and the like, and can obtain far superior effects in comparison to the existing methods. Particularly, unlike the existing COW
method that is merely a method for removing the sludge accumulated in the crude oil tank, the crude oil pretreatment system and method according to the present invention enables only the high-purity crude oil to be put into the crude oil storage tank by removing in advance the sludge in the crude oil during introduction of the crude oil. Accordingly, problems on the process due to the sludge are solved, the quantity of production is increased, and the necessity of reformation and repair is reduced. Also, the safety of the device is secured, the cost for processing the sludge is reduced, and the system can be connected to a recycled fuel project by resource reclaiming.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
As described above, according to the crude oil pretreatment system and method according to the present invention, the sludge included in the crude oil can be removed more efficiently and safely in comparison to the methods for processing sludge in a crude oil tank in the related art. Since scale and sludge in the crude oil are removed in advance, the operation efficiency of plant equipment such as crude oil tanks possessed by petrochemical estates, oil refinery companies, and petroleum corporations is heightened, the productivity of oil refinery industry is improved, and the cost for reformation and repair of the equipment, such as a crude oil tank and the like, is reduced.
Also, by performing pretreatment of oil using the present invention, the amount of sludge that is accumulated in the crude oil tank is greatly reduced, and thus the time required for the cleaning work of the crude oil tank can be reduced.
Further, according to the crude oil pretreatment system and method according to the present invention, since the sludge is always obtained in the crude oil pretreatment process, it becomes possible to stably produce the recycled fuel or the like using the sludge, and thus another industrial development and environment protection effects caused by resource recycling can be obtained.
In addition, by exporting the plant equipment of the crude oil pretreatment system according to the present invention to overseas oil producing companies with construction and operation of the plant equipment, the advance of a new plant construction industry into overseas markets becomes possible.
While this invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiment and the drawings.
Claims (8)
1. A crude oil pretreatment system for removing sludge contained in crude oil, comprising:
a centrifugal separator 12 receiving crude oil containing sludge that is composed of at least one material of clay, sand, gravel, and stone, and stirring and rotating the crude oil in the internal space thereof to separate the crude oil into a sludge component with a relatively higher specific gravity and a crude oil component with a relatively lower specific gravity and to discharge the sludge component and the crude oil component; wherein the centrifugal separator 12 includes:
a crude oil inlet port 122 through which the crude oil that includes the sludge is received;
a mixer 121 rotated by a driving motor 120 to mix the crude oil; and a sludge discharge port 124 discharging the sludge that is accumulated on an outer portion and a lower portion of the centrifugal separator 12;
and wherein the centrifugal separator is coupled to an explosion prevention gas injection means injecting an explosion prevention gas into the centrifugal separator to prevent light gases that are generated when the crude oil in the centrifugal separator is mixed from exploding, and a discharge gas liquefying and storage means for discharging the light gases that are generated in the centrifugal separator to outside and liquefying the discharged light gases;
a sludge oil recovery means for pressing the sludge discharged from the centrifugal separator and recovering the oil remaining in the sludge; and a crude oil storage tank receiving and storing the discharged crude oil from which the sludge has been removed by the centrifugal separator and the oil that has been recovered by the sludge oil recovery means to be discharged.
a centrifugal separator 12 receiving crude oil containing sludge that is composed of at least one material of clay, sand, gravel, and stone, and stirring and rotating the crude oil in the internal space thereof to separate the crude oil into a sludge component with a relatively higher specific gravity and a crude oil component with a relatively lower specific gravity and to discharge the sludge component and the crude oil component; wherein the centrifugal separator 12 includes:
a crude oil inlet port 122 through which the crude oil that includes the sludge is received;
a mixer 121 rotated by a driving motor 120 to mix the crude oil; and a sludge discharge port 124 discharging the sludge that is accumulated on an outer portion and a lower portion of the centrifugal separator 12;
and wherein the centrifugal separator is coupled to an explosion prevention gas injection means injecting an explosion prevention gas into the centrifugal separator to prevent light gases that are generated when the crude oil in the centrifugal separator is mixed from exploding, and a discharge gas liquefying and storage means for discharging the light gases that are generated in the centrifugal separator to outside and liquefying the discharged light gases;
a sludge oil recovery means for pressing the sludge discharged from the centrifugal separator and recovering the oil remaining in the sludge; and a crude oil storage tank receiving and storing the discharged crude oil from which the sludge has been removed by the centrifugal separator and the oil that has been recovered by the sludge oil recovery means to be discharged.
2. The crude oil pretreatment system according to claim 1, further comprising a sludge fuelization and solidification processing means producing recycled fuel using the sludge that is discharged from the sludge oil recovery means or solidifying the sludge.
3. The crude oil pretreatment system according to claim 1, further comprising a secondary sludge oil recovery means receiving the sludge that is discharged from the sludge oil recovery means and further recovering oil of the sludge to lower a content rate of the sludge.
4. The crude oil pretreatment system according to claim 3, wherein the secondary sludge oil recovery means uses any one of a de-oiling method using microorganism, an electro-penetrative type de-oiling method, and a distillation type de-oiling method.
5. The crude oil pretreatment system according to claim 1, wherein the explosion prevention gas injection means comprises:
an explosion prevention gas storage tank 13a storing the explosion prevention gas including nitrogen;
a pump 136 pressing gases in the explosion prevention gas storage tank 13a; and a gas injection nozzle 13d injecting the explosion prevention gas that is pressed by the pump 136 into the centrifugal separator 12.
an explosion prevention gas storage tank 13a storing the explosion prevention gas including nitrogen;
a pump 136 pressing gases in the explosion prevention gas storage tank 13a; and a gas injection nozzle 13d injecting the explosion prevention gas that is pressed by the pump 136 into the centrifugal separator 12.
6. The crude oil pretreatment system according to claim 1, wherein the sludge oil recovery means comprises:
a rotary drum 172 that is rotated by a drum driving motor; and a screw conveyer 176 installed in the rotary drum 172 to be rotated by a screw driving motor 173 and provided with a plurality of screws 176a formed on a circumferential portion thereof to successively press and transport the sludge in one direction on an inner wall surface of the rotary drum 172;
wherein while the sludge that is discharged from the centrifugal separator 12 is pressed and transported in the one direction by the screw conveyer 176, a crude oil component is separated and discharged separately, and the sludge, from which the crude oil has been removed, is discharged in the form of a cake having a reduced content rate.
a rotary drum 172 that is rotated by a drum driving motor; and a screw conveyer 176 installed in the rotary drum 172 to be rotated by a screw driving motor 173 and provided with a plurality of screws 176a formed on a circumferential portion thereof to successively press and transport the sludge in one direction on an inner wall surface of the rotary drum 172;
wherein while the sludge that is discharged from the centrifugal separator 12 is pressed and transported in the one direction by the screw conveyer 176, a crude oil component is separated and discharged separately, and the sludge, from which the crude oil has been removed, is discharged in the form of a cake having a reduced content rate.
7. The crude oil pretreatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the crude oil pretreatment system is connected to crude oil producing equipment in a crude oil producing district, and immediately processes the crude oil that is transported from the crude oil producing equipment to remove the sludge in the crude oil, so that the crude oil having a reduced content rate of the sludge is stored in the crude oil storage tank or is shipped on a tanker.
8. The crude oil pretreatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the crude oil pretreatment system is connected to crude oil storage tank equipment of an oil refining company that is located in an oil importing country, and immediately processes the crude oil that is transported from the tanker to remove the sludge in the crude oil, so that the crude oil having a reduced content rate of the sludge is stored in the crude oil storage tank.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2008-0111871 | 2008-11-11 | ||
| KR1020080111871A KR100937022B1 (en) | 2008-11-11 | 2008-11-11 | Crude oil preprocessing system for removing sludge from crude oil and the method therefor |
| PCT/KR2009/005329 WO2010055997A2 (en) | 2008-11-11 | 2009-09-18 | Crude oil pretreatment system and method for removing sludge included in crude oil |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2747909A1 CA2747909A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 |
| CA2747909C true CA2747909C (en) | 2014-06-17 |
Family
ID=41809834
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2747909A Expired - Fee Related CA2747909C (en) | 2008-11-11 | 2009-09-18 | Crude oil pretreatment system and method for removing sludge included in crude oil |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR100937022B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2747909C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2010055997A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11958004B2 (en) | 2019-02-08 | 2024-04-16 | Skf Recondoil Ab | Method and system for purification of contaminated oil |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8261756B1 (en) | 2010-08-02 | 2012-09-11 | Yates Jr William G | Apparatus and process for decontaminating oil boom |
| KR101380246B1 (en) * | 2011-10-26 | 2014-04-02 | 안동대학교 산학협력단 | Automated System for Chemical Treatment of polychlorinated biphenyls contaminated oil |
| KR101384653B1 (en) * | 2012-02-07 | 2014-04-14 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | Floating structure |
| KR101224010B1 (en) | 2012-04-14 | 2013-01-21 | (주)신원이앤씨 | Auto washing equipment of crude oil tank |
| KR101490147B1 (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2015-02-05 | 선보공업주식회사 | Treating method of Produced Water |
| KR20170106129A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2017-09-20 | 손성근 | Water washing method of crude oil tank and system thereof |
| SE539859C2 (en) | 2016-05-10 | 2017-12-19 | Recondoil Sweden Ab | Method and system for purification of slop oil and industrial emulsions comprising two processes run in parallel |
| WO2024072996A1 (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2024-04-04 | Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc | Method to treat and minimize sludge from biorefineries |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9127474D0 (en) * | 1991-12-30 | 1992-02-19 | Framo Dev Ltd | Multiphase fluid transport |
| KR960031577A (en) * | 1995-02-03 | 1996-09-17 | 신호근 | High vacuum refinery and method |
| JP2001279283A (en) * | 2000-03-30 | 2001-10-10 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Method for solidifying oily sludge into solid fuel |
| JP2004243300A (en) * | 2003-02-16 | 2004-09-02 | Toshikatsu Hamano | Processing method of oil and water mixed sludge accumulated in crude oil tank |
| US20050252861A1 (en) * | 2004-05-14 | 2005-11-17 | Chitsan Lin | Apparatus and method for oil spill recovery |
| KR200392737Y1 (en) * | 2005-05-30 | 2005-08-17 | 주식회사 씨알-텍 | Decanter centrifuge |
-
2008
- 2008-11-11 KR KR1020080111871A patent/KR100937022B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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2009
- 2009-09-18 CA CA2747909A patent/CA2747909C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-09-18 WO PCT/KR2009/005329 patent/WO2010055997A2/en active Application Filing
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11958004B2 (en) | 2019-02-08 | 2024-04-16 | Skf Recondoil Ab | Method and system for purification of contaminated oil |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2747909A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 |
| WO2010055997A3 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
| KR100937022B1 (en) | 2010-01-15 |
| WO2010055997A2 (en) | 2010-05-20 |
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