CA2739274A1 - Compact natural gas steam reformer and reforming method with linear countercurrent heat exchanger - Google Patents
Compact natural gas steam reformer and reforming method with linear countercurrent heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
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- CA2739274A1 CA2739274A1 CA2739274A CA2739274A CA2739274A1 CA 2739274 A1 CA2739274 A1 CA 2739274A1 CA 2739274 A CA2739274 A CA 2739274A CA 2739274 A CA2739274 A CA 2739274A CA 2739274 A1 CA2739274 A1 CA 2739274A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/80—Aspect of integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas not covered by groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/1695
- C01B2203/84—Energy production
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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Abstract
The present invention is natural gas steam reforming apparatus and method for generating an output gas mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The apparatus is made from two enclosures. A first enclosure contains a source of water, superheated steam, and channels, located within a lower portion of the first enclosure, which contain a water-gas-shift catalyst for converting CO into CO2 and H2. The heat from hot gas flowing through the channels is released into the first enclosure to boil the water to generate the superheated steam. A second enclosure, contained within an upper portion of the first enclosure, includes a steam inlet for receiving the superheated steam from the first enclosure; a combustion chamber; and a reformation chamber. The combustion chamber is used for combusting a portion of the natural gas to generate additional steam, heat, and a hot gas mixture of CO2, CO, and H2. The reformation chamber is used for steam reforming a remaining portion of the natural gas to generate additional hot gas mixture of CO2, CO, and H2. The hot gas mixture is directed through the channels installed in the first enclosure in which the water-gas-shift catalyst converts residual CO
into additional CO2 and additional H2, to produce an output gas mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. In the present invention, the first and second enclosures function as a top-to-bottom linear countercurrent heat exchanger.
into additional CO2 and additional H2, to produce an output gas mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. In the present invention, the first and second enclosures function as a top-to-bottom linear countercurrent heat exchanger.
Claims (40)
1. A natural gas steam reforming apparatus for generating an output gas mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, comprising:
a first enclosure comprising:
a source of water and superheated steam; and channels, located within a lower portion of the first enclosure and containing a water-gas-shift catalyst for converting CO into CO2 and H2, wherein heat from hot gas flowing through the channels is released into the first enclosure to boil the water to generate said superheated steam;
and a second enclosure, contained within an upper portion of the first enclosure, comprising:
a steam inlet for receiving said superheated steam from the first enclosure;
a combustion chamber for combusting a portion of the natural gas to generate additional steam, heat, and a hot gas mixture of CO2, CO, and H2; and a reformation chamber for steam reforming a remaining portion of the natural gas to generate additional hot gas mixture of CO2, CO, and H2, wherein said hot gas mixture is directed through the channels installed in the first enclosure in which said water-gas-shift catalyst converts residual CO into additional CO2 and additional H2, to produce the output gas mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, wherein the first and second enclosures function as a top-to-bottom linear countercurrent heat exchanger, and wherein said channels are partially immersed in boiling water and extend from a bottom of said second enclosure.
a first enclosure comprising:
a source of water and superheated steam; and channels, located within a lower portion of the first enclosure and containing a water-gas-shift catalyst for converting CO into CO2 and H2, wherein heat from hot gas flowing through the channels is released into the first enclosure to boil the water to generate said superheated steam;
and a second enclosure, contained within an upper portion of the first enclosure, comprising:
a steam inlet for receiving said superheated steam from the first enclosure;
a combustion chamber for combusting a portion of the natural gas to generate additional steam, heat, and a hot gas mixture of CO2, CO, and H2; and a reformation chamber for steam reforming a remaining portion of the natural gas to generate additional hot gas mixture of CO2, CO, and H2, wherein said hot gas mixture is directed through the channels installed in the first enclosure in which said water-gas-shift catalyst converts residual CO into additional CO2 and additional H2, to produce the output gas mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, wherein the first and second enclosures function as a top-to-bottom linear countercurrent heat exchanger, and wherein said channels are partially immersed in boiling water and extend from a bottom of said second enclosure.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second enclosure is contained within the first enclosure.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first enclosure and the second enclosure are concentric cylinders, with the second enclosure contained within the first enclosure.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first enclosure and the second enclosure are concentric cylinders.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reformation chamber contains a nickel-based catalyst.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the water-gas-shift catalyst is a copper-based catalyst.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
one or more data acquisition devices comprising pressure sensors, flow sensors, and gas composition sensors.
one or more data acquisition devices comprising pressure sensors, flow sensors, and gas composition sensors.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
one or more data acquisition devices comprising pressure sensors, flow sensors, and gas composition sensors; and a control system for automated operation of said steam natural gas reforming apparatus by utilizing data from the data acquisition devices.
one or more data acquisition devices comprising pressure sensors, flow sensors, and gas composition sensors; and a control system for automated operation of said steam natural gas reforming apparatus by utilizing data from the data acquisition devices.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a carbon dioxide separator for separating the CO2 from the H2; and a generator for generating electricity from the H2.
a carbon dioxide separator for separating the CO2 from the H2; and a generator for generating electricity from the H2.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a carbon dioxide separator for separating the CO2 from the H2; and a compressor for pressurizing the CO2 for use in enhanced oil recovery.
a carbon dioxide separator for separating the CO2 from the H2; and a compressor for pressurizing the CO2 for use in enhanced oil recovery.
11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an additional external chamber for combusting natural gas with air to boil water to generate additional steam, wherein the additional steam is fed into said steam natural gas reforming apparatus.
an additional external chamber for combusting natural gas with air to boil water to generate additional steam, wherein the additional steam is fed into said steam natural gas reforming apparatus.
12. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an additional external chamber for combusting hydrogen with air to boil water to generate additional steam, wherein the additional steam is fed into said steam natural gas reforming apparatus, and wherein said hydrogen is separated from said output gas mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
an additional external chamber for combusting hydrogen with air to boil water to generate additional steam, wherein the additional steam is fed into said steam natural gas reforming apparatus, and wherein said hydrogen is separated from said output gas mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
13. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an additional external chamber for utilizing waste heat from a generator to boil water to generate additional steam, wherein the additional steam is fed into said steam natural gas reforming apparatus.
an additional external chamber for utilizing waste heat from a generator to boil water to generate additional steam, wherein the additional steam is fed into said steam natural gas reforming apparatus.
14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reformation chamber operates at a pressure of approximately 1 bar to 100 bar.
15. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an air inlet connected to the combustion chamber of the second enclosure, wherein air from the air inlet combusts with natural gas in the combustion chamber.
an air inlet connected to the combustion chamber of the second enclosure, wherein air from the air inlet combusts with natural gas in the combustion chamber.
16. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an oxygen inlet connected to the combustion chamber of the second enclosure, wherein pure oxygen from the oxygen inlet combusts with natural gas in the combustion chamber.
an oxygen inlet connected to the combustion chamber of the second enclosure, wherein pure oxygen from the oxygen inlet combusts with natural gas in the combustion chamber.
17. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an inlet for air and oxygen connected to the combustion chamber of the second enclosure, wherein air and pure oxygen from said inlet combusts with natural gas in the combustion chamber.
an inlet for air and oxygen connected to the combustion chamber of the second enclosure, wherein air and pure oxygen from said inlet combusts with natural gas in the combustion chamber.
18. A natural gas steam reforming apparatus for generating a syngas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, comprising:
a first enclosure comprising:
a source of water and high-pressure steam; and channels in which heat from hot gas flowing through the channels release heat into the first enclosure to boil the water to generate said high-pressure steam; and a second enclosure comprising:
a steam inlet for receiving said high-pressure steam from the first enclosure;
a combustion chamber for combusting a portion of the natural gas to generate additional steam, heat, and a mixture of CO, H2, and minority CO2; and a reformation chamber for steam reforming a remaining portion of the natural gas to generate a hot gas mixture of CO, H2, and minority CO2, wherein said hot gas mixture is directed through the channels installed in the first enclosure, to produce the syngas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, wherein the first and second enclosures function as a top-to-bottom linear countercurrent heat exchanger, wherein the second enclosure is contained within the first enclosure and is located within an upper portion of the first enclosure, and wherein said channels are located within a lower portion of the first enclosure, are partially immersed in boiling water, and extend from a bottom of said second enclosure.
a first enclosure comprising:
a source of water and high-pressure steam; and channels in which heat from hot gas flowing through the channels release heat into the first enclosure to boil the water to generate said high-pressure steam; and a second enclosure comprising:
a steam inlet for receiving said high-pressure steam from the first enclosure;
a combustion chamber for combusting a portion of the natural gas to generate additional steam, heat, and a mixture of CO, H2, and minority CO2; and a reformation chamber for steam reforming a remaining portion of the natural gas to generate a hot gas mixture of CO, H2, and minority CO2, wherein said hot gas mixture is directed through the channels installed in the first enclosure, to produce the syngas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, wherein the first and second enclosures function as a top-to-bottom linear countercurrent heat exchanger, wherein the second enclosure is contained within the first enclosure and is located within an upper portion of the first enclosure, and wherein said channels are located within a lower portion of the first enclosure, are partially immersed in boiling water, and extend from a bottom of said second enclosure.
19. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising:
a methanol reactor downstream of the reformation chamber for converting the syngas mixture into methanol.
a methanol reactor downstream of the reformation chamber for converting the syngas mixture into methanol.
20. A natural gas steam reforming apparatus for generating an output gas mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, comprising:
a first enclosure comprising:
a source of water and superheated steam; and channels, located within a lower portion of the first enclosure partially and containing a water-gas-shift catalyst for converting CO into CO2 and H2, wherein heat from hot gas flowing through the channels is released into the first enclosure to boil the water to generate said superheated steam; and a second enclosure, contained within an upper portion of the first enclosure, comprising:
a steam inlet for receiving said superheated steam from the first enclosure;
a combustion chamber for combusting a portion of the natural gas to generate additional steam, heat, and a hot gas mixture of CO2, CO, and H2; and a reformation chamber for steam reforming a remaining portion of the natural gas to generate additional hot gas mixture of CO2, CO, and H2, wherein said hot gas mixture is directed through the channels installed in the first enclosure in which said water-gas-shift catalyst converts residual CO into additional CO2 and additional H2, to produce the output gas mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen; and a third enclosure, external to the first and second enclosures, comprising a combustion chamber and a boiler for combusting natural gas with ambient air to boil additional water into superheated steam which is fed into the first enclosure, wherein the first and second enclosures function as a top-to-bottom linear counter-current heat exchanger, and wherein said channels are partially immersed in boiling water and extend from a bottom of said second enclosure.
a first enclosure comprising:
a source of water and superheated steam; and channels, located within a lower portion of the first enclosure partially and containing a water-gas-shift catalyst for converting CO into CO2 and H2, wherein heat from hot gas flowing through the channels is released into the first enclosure to boil the water to generate said superheated steam; and a second enclosure, contained within an upper portion of the first enclosure, comprising:
a steam inlet for receiving said superheated steam from the first enclosure;
a combustion chamber for combusting a portion of the natural gas to generate additional steam, heat, and a hot gas mixture of CO2, CO, and H2; and a reformation chamber for steam reforming a remaining portion of the natural gas to generate additional hot gas mixture of CO2, CO, and H2, wherein said hot gas mixture is directed through the channels installed in the first enclosure in which said water-gas-shift catalyst converts residual CO into additional CO2 and additional H2, to produce the output gas mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen; and a third enclosure, external to the first and second enclosures, comprising a combustion chamber and a boiler for combusting natural gas with ambient air to boil additional water into superheated steam which is fed into the first enclosure, wherein the first and second enclosures function as a top-to-bottom linear counter-current heat exchanger, and wherein said channels are partially immersed in boiling water and extend from a bottom of said second enclosure.
21. A method for converting natural gas and water into a gas mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, comprising the steps of:
combusting a portion of the natural gas with an oxidizing agent in a combustion chamber to generate heat, superheated steam, and a gas mixture of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen;
steam reforming the gas mixture with additional superheated steam under steam-rich conditions in a second enclosure to transform a remaining portion of the natural gas into carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen;
water-gas-shifting any residual carbon monoxide into additional carbon dioxide and additional hydrogen by utilizing a water-gas-shift catalyst located in channels extending from a bottom of the second enclosure, thereby producing an effluent gas mixture that is predominantly carbon dioxide and hydrogen;
boiling water in a top-to-bottom linear countercurrent heat exchanger in a first enclosure to generate the superheated steam by transferring heat released in the water-gas-shifting step, wherein as the water is gravitationally and thermally stratified from top to bottom with a top portion boiling into steam, the steam continues to rise and is additionally heated in the top-to-bottom linear countercurrent heat exchanger which comprises said channels located in a lower portion of the first enclosure and partially immersed in boiling water, and the second enclosure contained within an upper portion of the first enclosure; and utilizing the superheated steam produced as a reactant in the steam reforming step and the water-gas-shifting step to assist in reformation of the natural gas into carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
combusting a portion of the natural gas with an oxidizing agent in a combustion chamber to generate heat, superheated steam, and a gas mixture of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen;
steam reforming the gas mixture with additional superheated steam under steam-rich conditions in a second enclosure to transform a remaining portion of the natural gas into carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen;
water-gas-shifting any residual carbon monoxide into additional carbon dioxide and additional hydrogen by utilizing a water-gas-shift catalyst located in channels extending from a bottom of the second enclosure, thereby producing an effluent gas mixture that is predominantly carbon dioxide and hydrogen;
boiling water in a top-to-bottom linear countercurrent heat exchanger in a first enclosure to generate the superheated steam by transferring heat released in the water-gas-shifting step, wherein as the water is gravitationally and thermally stratified from top to bottom with a top portion boiling into steam, the steam continues to rise and is additionally heated in the top-to-bottom linear countercurrent heat exchanger which comprises said channels located in a lower portion of the first enclosure and partially immersed in boiling water, and the second enclosure contained within an upper portion of the first enclosure; and utilizing the superheated steam produced as a reactant in the steam reforming step and the water-gas-shifting step to assist in reformation of the natural gas into carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the steam reforming step utilizes a nickel-based catalyst.
23. The method of claim 21, wherein the water-gas-shifting step utilizes a copper-based catalyst.
24. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
acquiring data on pressure, flow, and gas composition; and controlling an automated operation of said steam natural gas reforming method by utilizing the data acquired.
acquiring data on pressure, flow, and gas composition; and controlling an automated operation of said steam natural gas reforming method by utilizing the data acquired.
25. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
separating the CO2 from the H2; and generating electricity from the H2.
separating the CO2 from the H2; and generating electricity from the H2.
26. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
separating the CO2 from the H2; and pressurizing the CO2 for use in enhanced oil recovery.
separating the CO2 from the H2; and pressurizing the CO2 for use in enhanced oil recovery.
27. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
combusting natural gas with air to boil water to generate additional superheated steam, wherein the additional superheated steam is utilized during said steam reforming step.
combusting natural gas with air to boil water to generate additional superheated steam, wherein the additional superheated steam is utilized during said steam reforming step.
28. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
combusting hydrogen with air to boil water to generate additional superheated steam, wherein the additional superheated steam is used during said steam reforming step, and wherein said hydrogen is separated from the gas mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
combusting hydrogen with air to boil water to generate additional superheated steam, wherein the additional superheated steam is used during said steam reforming step, and wherein said hydrogen is separated from the gas mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
29. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
utilizing waste heat from a generator to boil water to generate additional superheated steam, wherein the additional superheated steam is used during said steam reforming step.
utilizing waste heat from a generator to boil water to generate additional superheated steam, wherein the additional superheated steam is used during said steam reforming step.
30. The method of claim 21, wherein the steam reforming step operates at a pressure of approximately 1 bar to 100 bar.
31. A method for converting natural gas and water into a synthesis gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, comprising the steps of:
combusting a portion of the natural gas with an oxidizing agent in a combustion chamber to generate heat, superheated steam, and a gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, with a minority carbon dioxide;
steam reforming the gas mixture under steam stoichiometric conditions with additional superheated steam in a second enclosure to transform a remaining portion of the natural gas into the synthesis gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, substantially free of carbon dioxide;
boiling water in a top-to-bottom linear countercurrent heat exchanger in a first enclosure to generate the superheated steam by transferring heat released in the combusting step, wherein as the water is gravitationally and thermally stratified from top to bottom with a top portion boiling into steam, the steam continues to rise and is additionally heated in the top-to-bottom linear countercurrent heat exchanger;
and utilizing the superheated steam produced as a reactant in the steam reforming step to assist in reformation of the natural gas into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, thereby producing an effluent gas mixture that is predominantly carbon monoxide and hydrogen, wherein the first enclosure comprises channels in which heat from the combusting step is released into the first enclosure to boil the water to generate superheated steam, said channels located in a lower portion of the first enclosure and partially immersed in boiling water, and extending from a bottom of said second enclosure, the second enclosure contained within an upper portion of the first enclosure.
combusting a portion of the natural gas with an oxidizing agent in a combustion chamber to generate heat, superheated steam, and a gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, with a minority carbon dioxide;
steam reforming the gas mixture under steam stoichiometric conditions with additional superheated steam in a second enclosure to transform a remaining portion of the natural gas into the synthesis gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, substantially free of carbon dioxide;
boiling water in a top-to-bottom linear countercurrent heat exchanger in a first enclosure to generate the superheated steam by transferring heat released in the combusting step, wherein as the water is gravitationally and thermally stratified from top to bottom with a top portion boiling into steam, the steam continues to rise and is additionally heated in the top-to-bottom linear countercurrent heat exchanger;
and utilizing the superheated steam produced as a reactant in the steam reforming step to assist in reformation of the natural gas into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, thereby producing an effluent gas mixture that is predominantly carbon monoxide and hydrogen, wherein the first enclosure comprises channels in which heat from the combusting step is released into the first enclosure to boil the water to generate superheated steam, said channels located in a lower portion of the first enclosure and partially immersed in boiling water, and extending from a bottom of said second enclosure, the second enclosure contained within an upper portion of the first enclosure.
32. The method of claim 31, further comprising:
utilizing the synthesis gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to manufacture methanol.
utilizing the synthesis gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to manufacture methanol.
33. The method of claim 31, further comprising:
utilizing the synthesis gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to manufacture dimethyl ether.
utilizing the synthesis gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to manufacture dimethyl ether.
34. The method of claim 31, wherein the steam reforming step utilizes a nickel-based catalyst.
35. The method of claim 31, further comprising:
acquiring data on pressure, flow, and gas composition; and controlling an automated operation of said steam natural gas reforming method by utilizing the data acquired.
acquiring data on pressure, flow, and gas composition; and controlling an automated operation of said steam natural gas reforming method by utilizing the data acquired.
36. The method of claim 31, further comprising:
separating the CO from the H2; and generating electricity from the H2.
separating the CO from the H2; and generating electricity from the H2.
37. The method of claim 31, further comprising:
combusting natural gas with air to boil water to generate additional superheated steam, wherein the additional superheated steam is utilized during said steam reforming step.
combusting natural gas with air to boil water to generate additional superheated steam, wherein the additional superheated steam is utilized during said steam reforming step.
38. The method of claim 31, further comprising:
combusting hydrogen with air to boil water to generate additional superheated steam, wherein the additional superheated steam is used during said steam reforming step, and wherein said hydrogen is separated from the gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
combusting hydrogen with air to boil water to generate additional superheated steam, wherein the additional superheated steam is used during said steam reforming step, and wherein said hydrogen is separated from the gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
39. The method of claim 31, further comprising:
utilizing waste heat from a generator to boil water to generate additional superheated steam, wherein the additional superheated steam is used during said steam reforming step.
utilizing waste heat from a generator to boil water to generate additional superheated steam, wherein the additional superheated steam is used during said steam reforming step.
40. A method for enabling enhanced oil recovery utilizing natural gas and water, comprising steps of:
combusting a portion of the natural gas with an oxidizing agent in a combustion chamber to generate heat, superheated steam, and a gas mixture of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen;
steam reforming the gas mixture with additional superheated steam in a second enclosure to transform a remaining portion of the natural gas into carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen;
water-gas-shifting any residual carbon monoxide into additional carbon dioxide and additional hydrogen by utilizing a water-gas-shift catalyst located in channels extending from a bottom of the second enclosure, thereby producing an effluent gas mixture that is predominantly carbon dioxide and hydrogen;
boiling water in a top-to-bottom linear countercurrent heat exchanger in a first enclosure to generate the superheated steam by transferring heat released in the water-gas-shifting step, wherein as the water is gravitationally and thermally stratified from top to bottom with a top portion boiling into steam, the steam continues to rise and is additionally heated in the top-to-bottom linear countercurrent heat exchanger which comprises said channels located in a lower portion of the first enclosure and partially immersed in boiling water, and the second enclosure contained within an upper portion of the first enclosure;
boiling additional water in an external boiler by combusting the natural gas with ambient air to generate additional superheated steam which is fed into the steam reforming step;
utilizing the superheated steam in the steam reforming step and the water-gas-shifting step to assist in reformation of the natural gas into carbon dioxide and hydrogen;
separating the carbon dioxide and hydrogen into two streams, one predominantly carbon dioxide and the other predominantly hydrogen; and compressing the carbon dioxide stream and injecting it into the ground to enable enhanced oil recovery.
combusting a portion of the natural gas with an oxidizing agent in a combustion chamber to generate heat, superheated steam, and a gas mixture of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen;
steam reforming the gas mixture with additional superheated steam in a second enclosure to transform a remaining portion of the natural gas into carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen;
water-gas-shifting any residual carbon monoxide into additional carbon dioxide and additional hydrogen by utilizing a water-gas-shift catalyst located in channels extending from a bottom of the second enclosure, thereby producing an effluent gas mixture that is predominantly carbon dioxide and hydrogen;
boiling water in a top-to-bottom linear countercurrent heat exchanger in a first enclosure to generate the superheated steam by transferring heat released in the water-gas-shifting step, wherein as the water is gravitationally and thermally stratified from top to bottom with a top portion boiling into steam, the steam continues to rise and is additionally heated in the top-to-bottom linear countercurrent heat exchanger which comprises said channels located in a lower portion of the first enclosure and partially immersed in boiling water, and the second enclosure contained within an upper portion of the first enclosure;
boiling additional water in an external boiler by combusting the natural gas with ambient air to generate additional superheated steam which is fed into the steam reforming step;
utilizing the superheated steam in the steam reforming step and the water-gas-shifting step to assist in reformation of the natural gas into carbon dioxide and hydrogen;
separating the carbon dioxide and hydrogen into two streams, one predominantly carbon dioxide and the other predominantly hydrogen; and compressing the carbon dioxide stream and injecting it into the ground to enable enhanced oil recovery.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/902,143 US7918906B2 (en) | 2007-05-20 | 2010-10-11 | Compact natural gas steam reformer with linear countercurrent heat exchanger |
| US12/902,143 | 2010-10-11 | ||
| US12/943,834 | 2010-11-10 | ||
| US12/943,834 US7931712B2 (en) | 2007-05-20 | 2010-11-10 | Natural gas steam reforming method with linear countercurrent heat exchanger |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2739274A1 true CA2739274A1 (en) | 2011-09-12 |
| CA2739274C CA2739274C (en) | 2012-04-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2739274A Expired - Fee Related CA2739274C (en) | 2010-10-11 | 2011-05-09 | Compact natural gas steam reformer and reforming method with linear countercurrent heat exchanger |
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| CA (1) | CA2739274C (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013088116A1 (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-20 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | A water-gas -shift process |
| US9605522B2 (en) | 2006-03-29 | 2017-03-28 | Pioneer Energy, Inc. | Apparatus and method for extracting petroleum from underground sites using reformed gases |
| US9938217B2 (en) | 2016-07-01 | 2018-04-10 | Res Usa, Llc | Fluidized bed membrane reactor |
| US9981896B2 (en) | 2016-07-01 | 2018-05-29 | Res Usa, Llc | Conversion of methane to dimethyl ether |
| US10189763B2 (en) | 2016-07-01 | 2019-01-29 | Res Usa, Llc | Reduction of greenhouse gas emission |
| CN114772550A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-07-22 | 北京东方华氢科技有限公司 | Hydrogen preparation system |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8616294B2 (en) | 2007-05-20 | 2013-12-31 | Pioneer Energy, Inc. | Systems and methods for generating in-situ carbon dioxide driver gas for use in enhanced oil recovery |
| US8450536B2 (en) | 2008-07-17 | 2013-05-28 | Pioneer Energy, Inc. | Methods of higher alcohol synthesis |
-
2011
- 2011-05-09 CA CA2739274A patent/CA2739274C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9605522B2 (en) | 2006-03-29 | 2017-03-28 | Pioneer Energy, Inc. | Apparatus and method for extracting petroleum from underground sites using reformed gases |
| WO2013088116A1 (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-20 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | A water-gas -shift process |
| GB2512758A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2014-10-08 | Johnson Matthey Plc | A water-gas-shift process |
| US9938217B2 (en) | 2016-07-01 | 2018-04-10 | Res Usa, Llc | Fluidized bed membrane reactor |
| US9981896B2 (en) | 2016-07-01 | 2018-05-29 | Res Usa, Llc | Conversion of methane to dimethyl ether |
| US10189763B2 (en) | 2016-07-01 | 2019-01-29 | Res Usa, Llc | Reduction of greenhouse gas emission |
| CN114772550A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-07-22 | 北京东方华氢科技有限公司 | Hydrogen preparation system |
| CN114772550B (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2024-03-29 | 北京东方华氢科技有限公司 | Hydrogen preparation system |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CA2739274C (en) | 2012-04-24 |
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