CA2716892A1 - Document of value with forgery protection through thermochromic display - Google Patents
Document of value with forgery protection through thermochromic display Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2716892A1 CA2716892A1 CA2716892A CA2716892A CA2716892A1 CA 2716892 A1 CA2716892 A1 CA 2716892A1 CA 2716892 A CA2716892 A CA 2716892A CA 2716892 A CA2716892 A CA 2716892A CA 2716892 A1 CA2716892 A1 CA 2716892A1
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- Prior art keywords
- information
- security element
- ink layer
- piece
- thermochromic ink
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
- B41M3/14—Security printing
- B41M3/142—Security printing using chemical colour-formers or chemical reactions, e.g. leuco-dye/acid, photochromes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
- B42D25/378—Special inks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
- B44F1/00—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects
- B44F1/08—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects characterised by colour effects
- B44F1/10—Changing, amusing, or secret pictures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/003—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using security elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/01—Testing electronic circuits therein
-
- B42D2035/24—
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
- Finance (AREA)
- Printing Methods (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Heat Sensitive Colour Forming Recording (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a security element having at least one thermochromic colour layer. The thermochromic colour layer is overlaid on a first item of information such that the first item of information is not visible. Only when a first type of heat is input into the thermochromic colour layer does the first item of information become visible. According to the invention, the thermochromic colour layer is not only overlaid on the first item of information, but also on a second item of information. The second item of information is not visible either within a specific temperature range, for example at the usual ambient temperature or at room temperature. Only when another type of heat input, which preferably differs from the first type of heat input, into the thermochromic colour layer is effected, does the second item of information become visible. According to the invention, in the case of the first type of heat input, the colour changes in another geometric distribution or another geometric pattern than in the case of the second type of heat input.
Description
Document of value with forgery protection through thermochromic display [0001] The invention relates to a security element having at least one thermochromic ink layer. The thermochromic ink layer covers a first piece of information, so that the first piece of information is not recognizable. Only upon a first type of heat input into the thermochromic ink layer is the first piece of information recognizable.
[0002] From EP 1 320 836 A2 a generic security element is known, in which in or on a document of value and security document there are provided electronic components in the form of at least one LCR oscillating circuit. The LCR oscillating circuit here is an electrical oscillating circuit consisting of a coil with the inductance L, a capacitor with the capacity C and an ohmic resistor R. An electromagnetic radiation source, for example an RFID reading device or a simple transmitter, excites the LCR oscillating circuit, whereby, through specific power dissipation, heat is produced and determined directly via a specific indicator reaction. The specific indicator reaction takes place for example through a color change of a thermochromic ink layer within and/ or on the surface of the document of value and security document.
[0003] This security element, however, is not suitable as a machine=readable feature.
The color change of the thermochromic ink layer proceeds so slowly that it is not applicable in currently usual bank-note processing apparatus with processing speeds of up to 40 bank notes per second.
The color change of the thermochromic ink layer proceeds so slowly that it is not applicable in currently usual bank-note processing apparatus with processing speeds of up to 40 bank notes per second.
[0004] It is particularly disadvantageous, however, that it cannot be distinguished whether the heating or the color shift takes place through absorption of the electromagnetic radiation via the antenna of the RFID reading device or via another type of heating. Such another type of heating can for example be a heat conduction via the hand, a radiation absorption from a lamp or an increased ambient temperature.
Even if a heat conduction via the hand and an increased ambient temperature can be ruled out due to e. g. a color-shift temperature of e. g. +45 C, because of capacitive effects, through e. g. soiling and the type of "holding in hand" of the security element and resistive effects through crumpling, the exact resonant frequency and consequently the absorbed energy of the LCR oscillating circuit cannot be specified. Accordingly, the heating and the proof of authenticity connected therewith is unsafe.
Even if a heat conduction via the hand and an increased ambient temperature can be ruled out due to e. g. a color-shift temperature of e. g. +45 C, because of capacitive effects, through e. g. soiling and the type of "holding in hand" of the security element and resistive effects through crumpling, the exact resonant frequency and consequently the absorbed energy of the LCR oscillating circuit cannot be specified. Accordingly, the heating and the proof of authenticity connected therewith is unsafe.
[0005] It is therefore the object of the invention to further develop a generic security element in such a fashion that the disadvantages of the prior art are remedied and the protection against forgery is further increased.
[0006] This object is achieved by the features of the independent claims.
Further developments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.
Further developments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.
[0007] According to the invention the thermochromic ink layer covers a second piece of information in addition to the first piece of information. The second piece of information is equally unrecognizable within a certain temperature range, for example at the usual ambient temperature or at room temperature. Only when a second type of heat input, which preferably differs from the first type of heat input, into the thermochromic ink layer takes place, is the second piece of information recognizable.
[0008] According to the invention thus upon the first type of heat input a color shift takes place in another geometric distribution or in another geometric pattern than upon the second type of heat input.
[0009] Thus upon the first type of the heat input only a certain area within the thermochromic ink layer changes, with this certain area particularly preferably being configured in the geometric form of a pattern, an alphanumeric character or an image.
The contour of this certain area forms the first piece of information.
The contour of this certain area forms the first piece of information.
[0010] Upon the second type of heat input, for example upon a heating through a finger or a lamp, in contrast, the complete region of the thermochromic ink layer changes that is subjected to the heating. In doing so, the second piece of information is formed either by the outline contour of the region having the color change, or additionally, in case of a thermochromic color transition from colored to colorless or transparent, through a printed image disposed underneath the thermochromic ink layer. This printed image is configured within the contour of the heating finger or light cone in the form of a pattern, an alphanumeric character or an image, for example as an arrangement of "Ã"
symbols.
[0011 ] The first and the second piece of information preferably have a different information content, wherein the first and the second piece of information can be arranged directly on top of each other or offset against each other. Thus for example the first piece of information can represent a text or a number, whereas the second piece of information represents a colored region with an oval outline form. A different information content in terms of this invention is also present when the first and second piece of information represent the same text, the same number, the same pattern etc., but the respective elements are of different sizes or different colors or are arranged so that they are rotated or offset against each other.
[0012] Alternatively it is also possible that the first and the second piece of information have the same information content. In this case, however, the first and second piece of information must be arranged in different locations on the security element or may overlap each other only partly, since otherwise the first and second piece of information would have the same information content. For example the first and the second piece of information represents respectively the number "50" in the same size, the same font and the same color, but are arranged more or less in a rotated or offset against each other fashion, so that they are not arranged congruently or directly on top of each other.
[0013] In addition to the first and second piece of information the thermochromic ink layer can cover at least one further piece of information which is not recognizable either.
This further piece of information is recognizable only upon a further type of heat input into the thermochromic ink layer, which differs from the first and second type of heat input. As a particular advantage there results that three or more pieces of information having either the same information content in different locations or different information contents, can be "hidden" in the security element, thereby further increasing the forgery protection.
[0014] The invention comprises both a substrate with a security element and a data carrier with a substrate with a security element. Here the data carrier is in particular a document of value, such as for example a bank note, a paper of value, a credit card or an identification card, a passport, a certificate and similar, a label, a package or a different element for securing products.
[0015] In an alternative embodiment at least one piece of information is arranged on one side of the substrate and at least one thermochromic ink layer is arranged on the opposite side of the substrate. The heat conduction here takes place through the substrate or security element. This has the advantage that a potential forger does not recognize an interrelation between the information on the one side of the substrate and the thermochromic ink layer on the opposite side of the substrate, so that the forgery protection is further increased. This holds true in particular if both the information and the thermochromic ink layer are integrated into the design of the security element or of the data carrier or into another security element.
[0016] In particular the security element has at least one electrical circuit.
The electrical circuit here has at least one ohmic resistor configured in the form of a pattern, an alphanumeric character or an image, with the thermochromic ink layer covering the ohmic resistor at least partly. Upon coupling electrical energy into the electrical circuit consequently only those areas of the thermochromic ink layer have a color change, which are arranged above and directly beside the ohmic resistor. It is thereby achieved that within the thermochromic ink layer at least parts of the pattern, of the alphanumeric character or of the image of the ohmic resistor are recognizable.
[0017] The ohmic resistors consequently have the function of a heating element. They are arranged in a matrix arrangement or any desired outline form, for example in the form of the number "50", and printed over with the thermochromic ink layer and thus concealed. Upon electrical excitation the ohmic resistors heat the thermochromic ink layer, so that within the thermochromic ink layer a differently colored or transparently formed number "50" appears, which in its form and surface area corresponds to the number "50" formed by the ohmic resistors.
[0018] The electrical excitation in an embodiment of the electrical circuit as an open circuit takes place through direct galvanic contact with an electrical energy source. For example this galvanic contact takes place through a contact between a battery and the electrical circuit.
[0019] In a closed electrical circuit in the form of an oscillating circuit or LCR
oscillating circuit the electrical excitation takes place preferably in a contactless fashion via the coupling in of electromagnetic radiation and particularly preferably via magnetic-inductive coupling of a field in the radio frequency (RF) range. The resonant frequency of the LCR oscillating circuit or operating frequency of the corresponding transmitting antenna preferably lies in the range of 1 MHz to 1 GHz, preferably in the range of 5 MHz to 30 MHz and particularly preferably in the range around 13.56 MHz or around 27 MHz. The total resistance of the LCR oscillating circuit preferably lies in the range of 100 Q to 1 kQ, particularly preferably in the range of 150 SZ to 500 Q, the majority whereof, preferably over 70 % and particularly preferably over 90 %, is allotted to the ohmic resistors.
[0020] The individual components of the electrical circuit, such as the conductor paths, the coil, the capacitor and the ohmic resistors, are preferably produced by printing technology, i. e. are printed onto the substrate. Thus the printed ohmic resistors can be produced and dimensioned for example as follows:
(a) through conductive ink on the basis of carbon/ graphite, with the adjustment of the desired resistance taking place via the line width, the line density, the layer thickness or the length of the conductor path of the ohmic resistors, (b) through conductive polymers, e. g. PEDOT (Baytron from H.C. Starck or ORCACON from AGFA), with the adjustment of the desired resistance value taking place via the line width, the line density or the layer thickness of the conductor path of the ohmic resistors, (c) through strongly tapered conductor paths of the same low-ohmic material of which also other components of the circuit consist, such as for example silver, (d) or in the cases (a) and (b) instead of an assembly of discrete elements of conductor path bars of areally printed elements. The adjustment of the desired resistance takes place here via the layer thickness of the print.
[0021 ] Instead of a direct print-technical application onto the substrate it is also possible to provide the electrical circuit as a foil application in the form of a security label, a so-called patch, or security strip and to transfer it onto a substrate subsequently.
[0022] The individual ohmic resistors are preferably connected in parallel.
Particularly preferably the ohmic resistors connected in parallel are complemented by further ohmic resistors connected in series, so that through these resistors of preferably different size and consequently different power class firstly a greater range of responsivity can be realized and also visualized. Provided that dimensions are chosen suitably, a space- and time-resolved color change can be achieved in doing so. Thus for example in a "cascade-like" arrangement of ohmic resistors connected in series with a resistance value that decreases from ohmic resistor to ohmic resistor, there results a color change of the thermochromic ink layer which "wanders" across the ohmic resistors. First the first ohmic resistor heat up, then the next, etc.
[0023] The trigger speed of a heating element depends on its surface area or the heat capacity and the ohmic resistance and the difference between the its [sic]
trigger temperature and the ambient temperature. Thus in a larger element the color shifts more slowly than in a smaller, in case of equal surface area an element with large ohmic resistance triggers more quickly than one with small resistance, provided that the elements are connected in series. In the case of connection in parallel it is the other way around. Through suitable design thus a movement effect can be created.
[0024] Besides the described geometric differentiation of the color change after excitation and the chronological succession, also a differentiation according to temperature or heating is possible, provided that the layer structure is suitable. In doing so, for example two thermochromic ink layers having the same pattern or different patterns are printed onto the electrical circuit so that they are disposed above each other, with the lower having e.g. a transition temperature of +50 C and the upper of e. g.
+25 C. In case of an assumed color change of the lower thermochromic ink layer from green to blue and of the upper thermochromic ink layer from black to colorless consequently upon thermal excitation through a finger there occurs a color change from black to green and upon electrical excitation with a greater energy input from black to blue. In the case of mixtures of thermochromic inks also temporally/ thermally continuous color transitions can be achieved.
[0025] In case that instead of the above-mentioned shift from black to colorless there is used an ink with thermochromic liquid crystal pigments on a simple black underground, rainbow colors appear in dependence on the current temperature. Through variation of surface area and resistance and their targeted arrangement thus temporally changing colored images/ patterns can be created. Further explanations thereof are given in DE 10 2006 016 048, whose disclosure in this respect is included herein.
[0026] In case a thermochromic ink that is black in the basic state at room temperature or ambient temperature is used as upper, visible layer, advantageously there is additionally printed on top a polarizing effect ink, such as described in DE 10243650 Al or WO
2004028824 A2, whose disclosure in this respect is included herein. On the one hand, this causes the black region to be esthetically resolved; on the other hand the polarization of the reflected light constitutes an additional protection.
[0027] Provided that the structuring is suitable, it is also possible to individually process or change the image, character, pattern or the like also after the printing.
This results in the possibility to connect the feature according to the invention with another individual identification, e. g. a numbering. As an example there shall be described a number in the form of a. conventional 7-segment display over which a thermochromic layer is applied all over. In the basic state all segments are contacted and connected with the electrical circuit, so that upon coupling in of electrical energy the number 8 appears.
By selectively disconnecting individual segments now also all other numbers from 0 to 9 can be represented. This can be e. g. the check number of a conventional numbering by means of letterpress printing- or relief printing- or ink jet printing methods or laser. The disconnection of the respective segments expediently takes place by means of a laser by ablation of small sections at the intersections of the respective conductor paths of the 7-segment display.
[0028] A particular advantage arises when, in the medium term, RFID labels will be used increasingly also on individual packagings in retail trade. Consequently RFID
reading devices on cash terminals will be just as usual as bar code scanners or UV lamps for detecting the authenticity of bank notes today. With the aid of these RFID
reading devices a new type of authenticity check can be realized now for documents of value having the security element according to the invention. This feature gains additional attractiveness when in the future RFID reading devices will be integrated also in mobile telephones.
[0029] For a machine readability of the security element according to the invention, all bank notes of a bank-note or feed stack are excited through radio-frequency irradiation and subsequently the thermochromic color change of every single bank note is evaluated by machine.
[0030] With the help of the following variants or examples and the complementary figures the advantages of the invention are explained. The described individual features and embodiments described hereinafter are inventive taken per se, but also in combination. The examples represent preferred embodiments, to which the invention, however, shall be in no way be restricted.
[0031 ] Furthermore the representations in the figures are strongly schematized for easier understanding and do not reflect the actual conditions. In particular, the proportions shown in the figures do not correspond to the dimensions present in reality and exclusively serve for the improvement of clarity. Moreover, the embodiments described in the following examples are reduced to the essential core information for easier understanding. In practical application substantially more complex patterns or images can be used.
[0032] In the Figures the following is schematically shown:
[0033] Fig. 1 a representation in principle of the security element according to the invention and here in Fig. 1 a with a thermochromic ink layer in the basic state, Fig. 1 b when the thermochromic ink layer is touched and heated by a finger, Fig. 1 c when a large area of the thermochromic ink layer heated by a lamp, Fig. 1 d the thermochromic ink layer upon excitation with electrical energy of an electrical circuit disposed partly underneath, [0034] Fig. 2 a variant of the embodiment of Fig. 1, in which underneath the thermochromic layer there is printed a piece of information in the form of "Ã"
symbols, and here in Fig. 2a when the thermochromic ink layer is touched and heated by a finger, Fig. 2b when a large area of the thermochromic ink layer is heated by a lamp, [0035] Fig. 3 a structure of an open electrical circuit, [0036] Fig. 4 a structure of an electrical oscillating circuit, [0037] Fig. 5 a variant of the embodiment of Fig. 4, with the complete ohmic resistance formed by five resistors connected in series, [0038] Fig. 6 a layer structure of a security element according to the invention, which is additionally printed over with an optically variable ink layer.
[0039] Fig. 1 shows a bank note or a chip card consisting of a substrate 1, onto which there is applied a thermochromic ink layer 2 in the form of an oval region. In the basic state, i. e. at room temperature or ambient temperature, the thermochromic ink layer 2 is opaque and has a certain color, for example green. When a viewer places a finger on the thermochromic ink layer 2, according to Fig. lb the corresponding area 3 changes its opacity and becomes colorless, so that the substrate 1 disposed underneath the thermochromic ink layer 2 becomes visible. If a print in the form of several "Ã" symbols is disposed on the substrate 1, according to Fig. 2a the "Ã" symbols 6 arranged in the area 3 become visible. In contrast, if the thermochromic ink layer 2 is irradiated by a large-area heat source, the complete area 4 of the thermochromic ink layer 2 changes its opacity and becomes colorless. This results in a transparent oval region, in which according to Fig. 1 c the surface of the substrate 1 or according to Fig. 2b the "Ã" symbols 7 arranged in this area become(s) visible. -[0040] The contours of the area 3 or of the region 4 in connection with the surface of the substrate disposed underneath the thermochromic ink layer 2 here correspond to the second piece of information according to the invention.
[0041] Additionally, in accordance with Fig. 3 and 4, underneath the thermochromic ink layer 2 there are disposed ohmic resistors of an electrical circuit which are arranged in
symbols.
[0011 ] The first and the second piece of information preferably have a different information content, wherein the first and the second piece of information can be arranged directly on top of each other or offset against each other. Thus for example the first piece of information can represent a text or a number, whereas the second piece of information represents a colored region with an oval outline form. A different information content in terms of this invention is also present when the first and second piece of information represent the same text, the same number, the same pattern etc., but the respective elements are of different sizes or different colors or are arranged so that they are rotated or offset against each other.
[0012] Alternatively it is also possible that the first and the second piece of information have the same information content. In this case, however, the first and second piece of information must be arranged in different locations on the security element or may overlap each other only partly, since otherwise the first and second piece of information would have the same information content. For example the first and the second piece of information represents respectively the number "50" in the same size, the same font and the same color, but are arranged more or less in a rotated or offset against each other fashion, so that they are not arranged congruently or directly on top of each other.
[0013] In addition to the first and second piece of information the thermochromic ink layer can cover at least one further piece of information which is not recognizable either.
This further piece of information is recognizable only upon a further type of heat input into the thermochromic ink layer, which differs from the first and second type of heat input. As a particular advantage there results that three or more pieces of information having either the same information content in different locations or different information contents, can be "hidden" in the security element, thereby further increasing the forgery protection.
[0014] The invention comprises both a substrate with a security element and a data carrier with a substrate with a security element. Here the data carrier is in particular a document of value, such as for example a bank note, a paper of value, a credit card or an identification card, a passport, a certificate and similar, a label, a package or a different element for securing products.
[0015] In an alternative embodiment at least one piece of information is arranged on one side of the substrate and at least one thermochromic ink layer is arranged on the opposite side of the substrate. The heat conduction here takes place through the substrate or security element. This has the advantage that a potential forger does not recognize an interrelation between the information on the one side of the substrate and the thermochromic ink layer on the opposite side of the substrate, so that the forgery protection is further increased. This holds true in particular if both the information and the thermochromic ink layer are integrated into the design of the security element or of the data carrier or into another security element.
[0016] In particular the security element has at least one electrical circuit.
The electrical circuit here has at least one ohmic resistor configured in the form of a pattern, an alphanumeric character or an image, with the thermochromic ink layer covering the ohmic resistor at least partly. Upon coupling electrical energy into the electrical circuit consequently only those areas of the thermochromic ink layer have a color change, which are arranged above and directly beside the ohmic resistor. It is thereby achieved that within the thermochromic ink layer at least parts of the pattern, of the alphanumeric character or of the image of the ohmic resistor are recognizable.
[0017] The ohmic resistors consequently have the function of a heating element. They are arranged in a matrix arrangement or any desired outline form, for example in the form of the number "50", and printed over with the thermochromic ink layer and thus concealed. Upon electrical excitation the ohmic resistors heat the thermochromic ink layer, so that within the thermochromic ink layer a differently colored or transparently formed number "50" appears, which in its form and surface area corresponds to the number "50" formed by the ohmic resistors.
[0018] The electrical excitation in an embodiment of the electrical circuit as an open circuit takes place through direct galvanic contact with an electrical energy source. For example this galvanic contact takes place through a contact between a battery and the electrical circuit.
[0019] In a closed electrical circuit in the form of an oscillating circuit or LCR
oscillating circuit the electrical excitation takes place preferably in a contactless fashion via the coupling in of electromagnetic radiation and particularly preferably via magnetic-inductive coupling of a field in the radio frequency (RF) range. The resonant frequency of the LCR oscillating circuit or operating frequency of the corresponding transmitting antenna preferably lies in the range of 1 MHz to 1 GHz, preferably in the range of 5 MHz to 30 MHz and particularly preferably in the range around 13.56 MHz or around 27 MHz. The total resistance of the LCR oscillating circuit preferably lies in the range of 100 Q to 1 kQ, particularly preferably in the range of 150 SZ to 500 Q, the majority whereof, preferably over 70 % and particularly preferably over 90 %, is allotted to the ohmic resistors.
[0020] The individual components of the electrical circuit, such as the conductor paths, the coil, the capacitor and the ohmic resistors, are preferably produced by printing technology, i. e. are printed onto the substrate. Thus the printed ohmic resistors can be produced and dimensioned for example as follows:
(a) through conductive ink on the basis of carbon/ graphite, with the adjustment of the desired resistance taking place via the line width, the line density, the layer thickness or the length of the conductor path of the ohmic resistors, (b) through conductive polymers, e. g. PEDOT (Baytron from H.C. Starck or ORCACON from AGFA), with the adjustment of the desired resistance value taking place via the line width, the line density or the layer thickness of the conductor path of the ohmic resistors, (c) through strongly tapered conductor paths of the same low-ohmic material of which also other components of the circuit consist, such as for example silver, (d) or in the cases (a) and (b) instead of an assembly of discrete elements of conductor path bars of areally printed elements. The adjustment of the desired resistance takes place here via the layer thickness of the print.
[0021 ] Instead of a direct print-technical application onto the substrate it is also possible to provide the electrical circuit as a foil application in the form of a security label, a so-called patch, or security strip and to transfer it onto a substrate subsequently.
[0022] The individual ohmic resistors are preferably connected in parallel.
Particularly preferably the ohmic resistors connected in parallel are complemented by further ohmic resistors connected in series, so that through these resistors of preferably different size and consequently different power class firstly a greater range of responsivity can be realized and also visualized. Provided that dimensions are chosen suitably, a space- and time-resolved color change can be achieved in doing so. Thus for example in a "cascade-like" arrangement of ohmic resistors connected in series with a resistance value that decreases from ohmic resistor to ohmic resistor, there results a color change of the thermochromic ink layer which "wanders" across the ohmic resistors. First the first ohmic resistor heat up, then the next, etc.
[0023] The trigger speed of a heating element depends on its surface area or the heat capacity and the ohmic resistance and the difference between the its [sic]
trigger temperature and the ambient temperature. Thus in a larger element the color shifts more slowly than in a smaller, in case of equal surface area an element with large ohmic resistance triggers more quickly than one with small resistance, provided that the elements are connected in series. In the case of connection in parallel it is the other way around. Through suitable design thus a movement effect can be created.
[0024] Besides the described geometric differentiation of the color change after excitation and the chronological succession, also a differentiation according to temperature or heating is possible, provided that the layer structure is suitable. In doing so, for example two thermochromic ink layers having the same pattern or different patterns are printed onto the electrical circuit so that they are disposed above each other, with the lower having e.g. a transition temperature of +50 C and the upper of e. g.
+25 C. In case of an assumed color change of the lower thermochromic ink layer from green to blue and of the upper thermochromic ink layer from black to colorless consequently upon thermal excitation through a finger there occurs a color change from black to green and upon electrical excitation with a greater energy input from black to blue. In the case of mixtures of thermochromic inks also temporally/ thermally continuous color transitions can be achieved.
[0025] In case that instead of the above-mentioned shift from black to colorless there is used an ink with thermochromic liquid crystal pigments on a simple black underground, rainbow colors appear in dependence on the current temperature. Through variation of surface area and resistance and their targeted arrangement thus temporally changing colored images/ patterns can be created. Further explanations thereof are given in DE 10 2006 016 048, whose disclosure in this respect is included herein.
[0026] In case a thermochromic ink that is black in the basic state at room temperature or ambient temperature is used as upper, visible layer, advantageously there is additionally printed on top a polarizing effect ink, such as described in DE 10243650 Al or WO
2004028824 A2, whose disclosure in this respect is included herein. On the one hand, this causes the black region to be esthetically resolved; on the other hand the polarization of the reflected light constitutes an additional protection.
[0027] Provided that the structuring is suitable, it is also possible to individually process or change the image, character, pattern or the like also after the printing.
This results in the possibility to connect the feature according to the invention with another individual identification, e. g. a numbering. As an example there shall be described a number in the form of a. conventional 7-segment display over which a thermochromic layer is applied all over. In the basic state all segments are contacted and connected with the electrical circuit, so that upon coupling in of electrical energy the number 8 appears.
By selectively disconnecting individual segments now also all other numbers from 0 to 9 can be represented. This can be e. g. the check number of a conventional numbering by means of letterpress printing- or relief printing- or ink jet printing methods or laser. The disconnection of the respective segments expediently takes place by means of a laser by ablation of small sections at the intersections of the respective conductor paths of the 7-segment display.
[0028] A particular advantage arises when, in the medium term, RFID labels will be used increasingly also on individual packagings in retail trade. Consequently RFID
reading devices on cash terminals will be just as usual as bar code scanners or UV lamps for detecting the authenticity of bank notes today. With the aid of these RFID
reading devices a new type of authenticity check can be realized now for documents of value having the security element according to the invention. This feature gains additional attractiveness when in the future RFID reading devices will be integrated also in mobile telephones.
[0029] For a machine readability of the security element according to the invention, all bank notes of a bank-note or feed stack are excited through radio-frequency irradiation and subsequently the thermochromic color change of every single bank note is evaluated by machine.
[0030] With the help of the following variants or examples and the complementary figures the advantages of the invention are explained. The described individual features and embodiments described hereinafter are inventive taken per se, but also in combination. The examples represent preferred embodiments, to which the invention, however, shall be in no way be restricted.
[0031 ] Furthermore the representations in the figures are strongly schematized for easier understanding and do not reflect the actual conditions. In particular, the proportions shown in the figures do not correspond to the dimensions present in reality and exclusively serve for the improvement of clarity. Moreover, the embodiments described in the following examples are reduced to the essential core information for easier understanding. In practical application substantially more complex patterns or images can be used.
[0032] In the Figures the following is schematically shown:
[0033] Fig. 1 a representation in principle of the security element according to the invention and here in Fig. 1 a with a thermochromic ink layer in the basic state, Fig. 1 b when the thermochromic ink layer is touched and heated by a finger, Fig. 1 c when a large area of the thermochromic ink layer heated by a lamp, Fig. 1 d the thermochromic ink layer upon excitation with electrical energy of an electrical circuit disposed partly underneath, [0034] Fig. 2 a variant of the embodiment of Fig. 1, in which underneath the thermochromic layer there is printed a piece of information in the form of "Ã"
symbols, and here in Fig. 2a when the thermochromic ink layer is touched and heated by a finger, Fig. 2b when a large area of the thermochromic ink layer is heated by a lamp, [0035] Fig. 3 a structure of an open electrical circuit, [0036] Fig. 4 a structure of an electrical oscillating circuit, [0037] Fig. 5 a variant of the embodiment of Fig. 4, with the complete ohmic resistance formed by five resistors connected in series, [0038] Fig. 6 a layer structure of a security element according to the invention, which is additionally printed over with an optically variable ink layer.
[0039] Fig. 1 shows a bank note or a chip card consisting of a substrate 1, onto which there is applied a thermochromic ink layer 2 in the form of an oval region. In the basic state, i. e. at room temperature or ambient temperature, the thermochromic ink layer 2 is opaque and has a certain color, for example green. When a viewer places a finger on the thermochromic ink layer 2, according to Fig. lb the corresponding area 3 changes its opacity and becomes colorless, so that the substrate 1 disposed underneath the thermochromic ink layer 2 becomes visible. If a print in the form of several "Ã" symbols is disposed on the substrate 1, according to Fig. 2a the "Ã" symbols 6 arranged in the area 3 become visible. In contrast, if the thermochromic ink layer 2 is irradiated by a large-area heat source, the complete area 4 of the thermochromic ink layer 2 changes its opacity and becomes colorless. This results in a transparent oval region, in which according to Fig. 1 c the surface of the substrate 1 or according to Fig. 2b the "Ã" symbols 7 arranged in this area become(s) visible. -[0040] The contours of the area 3 or of the region 4 in connection with the surface of the substrate disposed underneath the thermochromic ink layer 2 here correspond to the second piece of information according to the invention.
[0041] Additionally, in accordance with Fig. 3 and 4, underneath the thermochromic ink layer 2 there are disposed ohmic resistors of an electrical circuit which are arranged in
-11-the form of the number "50". When now electrical energy is coupled into the electrical circuit, the ohmic resistors heat up, so that in an area 5 the thermochromic ink layer 2 changes its color from green to transparent. Thus within the green thermochromic ink layer 2 there appears a transparent area 5 in the form of the number "50".
[0042] The area 5 of the thermochromic ink layer 2 here corresponds to the first piece of information according to the invention.
[0043] Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the electrical circuit in the form of an open circuit with galvanic energy coupling. The electrical circuit consists of galvanic contacts 10, conductor paths 9 of a low-ohmic material, for example silver, and ohmic resistors Ri, whose region 8 is configured in the form of the number "50". The ohmic resistors Ri are arranged completely underneath the thermochromic ink layer 2 and centrally within the oval outline form. The galvanic contacts 10 in contrast are not disposed underneath the thermochromic ink layer 2 and the conductor paths 9 only partly.
[0044] Fig. 4 shows an alternative embodiment to that of Fig. 3, in which the electrical circuit is configured as an electrical oscillating circuit 11. The electrical oscillating circuit here consists of a coil with the inductance L, a capacitor with the capacity C and ohmic resistors Ri. The capacitor is preferably configured as additional conductive areal elements and/ or as a hologram patch, so that the capacitor can advantageously be configured as a further security element disposed on the bank note.
[0045] In Fig. 5 the heating resistor is configured as a serial connection of five individual ohmic resistors R1 to R5, with the resistance value decreasing continuously from the ohmic resistor R1 to the ohmic resistor R5 , i. e. R1 > R2 > R3 > R4 > R5 (the resistance value of the ohmic resistor R1 is greater than that of the ohmic resistor R2, that of the ohmic resistor R2 is greater than that of the ohmic resistor R3, that oaf the ohmic resistor R3 is greater than that of the ohmic resistor R4 and that of the ohmic resistor R4 is greater than that of the ohmic resistor R5). The resistance values are thus configured in
[0042] The area 5 of the thermochromic ink layer 2 here corresponds to the first piece of information according to the invention.
[0043] Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the electrical circuit in the form of an open circuit with galvanic energy coupling. The electrical circuit consists of galvanic contacts 10, conductor paths 9 of a low-ohmic material, for example silver, and ohmic resistors Ri, whose region 8 is configured in the form of the number "50". The ohmic resistors Ri are arranged completely underneath the thermochromic ink layer 2 and centrally within the oval outline form. The galvanic contacts 10 in contrast are not disposed underneath the thermochromic ink layer 2 and the conductor paths 9 only partly.
[0044] Fig. 4 shows an alternative embodiment to that of Fig. 3, in which the electrical circuit is configured as an electrical oscillating circuit 11. The electrical oscillating circuit here consists of a coil with the inductance L, a capacitor with the capacity C and ohmic resistors Ri. The capacitor is preferably configured as additional conductive areal elements and/ or as a hologram patch, so that the capacitor can advantageously be configured as a further security element disposed on the bank note.
[0045] In Fig. 5 the heating resistor is configured as a serial connection of five individual ohmic resistors R1 to R5, with the resistance value decreasing continuously from the ohmic resistor R1 to the ohmic resistor R5 , i. e. R1 > R2 > R3 > R4 > R5 (the resistance value of the ohmic resistor R1 is greater than that of the ohmic resistor R2, that of the ohmic resistor R2 is greater than that of the ohmic resistor R3, that oaf the ohmic resistor R3 is greater than that of the ohmic resistor R4 and that of the ohmic resistor R4 is greater than that of the ohmic resistor R5). The resistance values are thus configured in
-12-the fashion of a cascade, so that when electrical energy is coupled into the electrical circuit a locally wandering color shift results from R1 to R2 to R3 to R4 to R5.
[0046] Fig. 6 shows one of several possible variants of a layer structure of a security element according to the invention which is additionally printed over with an ink layer.
Herein on a substrate 12 conductor paths 13 are printed which consist of a low-ohmic, conductive material, for example silver. Onto the conductor paths 13 there is printed a layer 14 with medium conductivity, for example a graphite ink. The conductor paths 13 and the layer 14 form the ohmic resistor with the corresponding electrical connections.
[0047] Maintaining the function of the security element for example the layer sequence of the conductor paths 13 and the layer 14 can be interchanged.
[0048] The ohmic resistor is printed over with a thermochromic ink layer 2 having for example a color change from black to colorless or transparent. Finally an optically variable ink layer 15 is printed over the thermochromic ink layer. The optically variable ink layer 15 contains for example polarizing liquid crystal pigments, so that the black region is optically enhanced and due to the polarization of the reflected light an additional security is given.
[0046] Fig. 6 shows one of several possible variants of a layer structure of a security element according to the invention which is additionally printed over with an ink layer.
Herein on a substrate 12 conductor paths 13 are printed which consist of a low-ohmic, conductive material, for example silver. Onto the conductor paths 13 there is printed a layer 14 with medium conductivity, for example a graphite ink. The conductor paths 13 and the layer 14 form the ohmic resistor with the corresponding electrical connections.
[0047] Maintaining the function of the security element for example the layer sequence of the conductor paths 13 and the layer 14 can be interchanged.
[0048] The ohmic resistor is printed over with a thermochromic ink layer 2 having for example a color change from black to colorless or transparent. Finally an optically variable ink layer 15 is printed over the thermochromic ink layer. The optically variable ink layer 15 contains for example polarizing liquid crystal pigments, so that the black region is optically enhanced and due to the polarization of the reflected light an additional security is given.
Claims (14)
1. A security element having at least one thermochromic ink layer (2), with the thermochromic ink layer (2) covering a first piece of information (5) formed by a contour of an area within the thermochromic ink layer (2), so that the first piece of information (5) is not recognizable, wherein the first piece of information (5) is recognizable upon a first type of heat input into the thermochromic ink layer (2), characterized in that the thermochromic ink layer (2) additionally covers a second piece of information (3, 4) formed by the outline contour of the region having the color change, or upon a thermochromic color transition from colored to colorless or transparent through a printed image disposed underneath the thermochromic ink layer (2), so that the second piece of information (3, 4) is not recognizable, wherein the second piece of information (3, 4) is recognizable upon a second type of heat input into the thermochromic ink layer (2), wherein the second type of heat input differs from the first type of heat input, and upon the first type of heat input a color shift takes place in another geometric distribution or in another geometric pattern than upon the second type of heat input.
2. The security element according to claim 1, characterized in that the first (5) and the second (3, 4) piece of information have a different information content.
3. The security element according to claim 1, characterized in that the first (5) and second (3, 4) piece of information have the same information content and are arranged in different locations on the security element.
4. The security element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first (5) and/ or second (3, 4) piece of information is configured in the form of a pattern, an alphanumeric character or an image.
5. The security element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermochromic ink layer (2) covers at least one further piece of information, so that the further piece of information is not recognizable, wherein the further piece of information is recognizable upon a further type of heat input into the thermochromic ink layer (2), said type of heat input being different from the first and second type of heat input.
6. The security element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the security element has at least one electrical circuit, wherein - the electrical circuit has at least one ohmic resistor (Ri) configured in the geometric form of a pattern, an alphanumeric character or an image, - the thermochromic ink layer (2) covers the ohmic resistor at least partly, so that - upon coupling in of electrical energy into the electrical circuit only those areas of the thermochromic ink layer (2) have a color change which are arranged above and directly beside the ohmic resistor (Ri), so that within the thermochromic ink layer (2) at least parts of the pattern, of the alphanumeric character or of the image of the ohmic resistor (Ri) are recognizable.
7. The security element according to claim 6, characterized in that the electrical circuit is open and the coupling in of electrical energy into the electrical circuit takes place in a galvanic fashion.
8. The security element according to claim 6, characterized in that the electrical circuit it closed and the coupling in of electrical energy into the electrical circuit takes place via electromagnetic radiation or via magnetic-inductive coupling.
9. The security element according to claim 8, characterized in that the electrical circuit is an electrical oscillating circuit (11), preferably an LCR
oscillating circuit.
oscillating circuit.
10. The security element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the security element is arranged on a substrate (1).
11. The security element according to claim 10, characterized in that at least one piece of information is arranged on one side of the substrate (1) and at least one thermochromic ink layer (2) is arranged on the opposite side of the substrate (1).
12. The security element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermochromic ink layer (2) is configured in the form of a pattern, an alphanumeric character or an image.
13. The security element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second piece of information (3, 4) is printed onto the security element.
14. The security element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second type of heat input takes place through body heat, preferably through a finger or the hand of a user, or through a large-area heat source, for example a lamp or a radiant heater.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008011299A DE102008011299A1 (en) | 2008-02-27 | 2008-02-27 | Value document with counterfeit protection by thermochromic display. |
| DE102008011299.2 | 2008-02-27 | ||
| PCT/EP2009/001064 WO2009106242A1 (en) | 2008-02-27 | 2009-02-16 | Valuable document with protection against forgery by way of thermochromic indicator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2716892A1 true CA2716892A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
Family
ID=40577960
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2716892A Abandoned CA2716892A1 (en) | 2008-02-27 | 2009-02-16 | Document of value with forgery protection through thermochromic display |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2248111B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101960495B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2716892A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102008011299A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2511575C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009106242A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014184481A1 (en) | 2013-05-13 | 2014-11-20 | Fasver | Method and device for the secure protection of an official document and official document thus protected |
| WO2016071627A1 (en) | 2014-11-04 | 2016-05-12 | Fasver | Method for manufacturing a data medium and data medium thus obtained |
| FR3057694A1 (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2018-04-20 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | DISPLAY SCREEN COMPRISING A HEATING LAYER BASED ON POLY (THIO- OR SELENO-) PHENIC POLYMERS |
| WO2023278749A1 (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2023-01-05 | Block, Inc. | Thermo-sensitive payment card |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008056167A1 (en) * | 2008-11-06 | 2010-05-12 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Time-varying product labeling |
| DE102008058398A1 (en) | 2008-11-21 | 2010-06-10 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Data carrier with contactless readable chip and antenna |
| DE102009052073A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 | 2011-05-12 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Method of individualizing a security element |
| DE102010054053A1 (en) | 2010-12-10 | 2012-06-14 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Data carrier, security element and method for influencing the color change of thermochromic color layers |
| DE102010054054A1 (en) | 2010-12-10 | 2012-06-14 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Portable data carrier e.g. smart card has thermochromic color layer whose color is changed by performing thermal energy change in color layer such that data input from input unit is acknowledged |
| DE102012211150A1 (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-02 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | identification document |
| DE102014005397A1 (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2015-10-15 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Method for producing a data carrier for displaying individual information |
| DE102014017535B4 (en) | 2014-11-26 | 2018-10-04 | Mühlbauer Gmbh & Co. Kg | Identification document with information from thermochromic ink and method for producing an identification document and method for verifying an identification document |
| JP6664472B2 (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2020-03-13 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Printing apparatus and control method of printing apparatus |
| FR3105087B1 (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2022-03-04 | Oberthur Fiduciaire Sas | Multi-layered security structure for fiduciary use and security document that makes use of it |
| DE102021124407A1 (en) | 2021-09-21 | 2023-03-23 | Leonhard Kurz Stiftung & Co. Kg | Thermochromic security element and method for producing a thermochromic security element |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2274428B (en) * | 1993-01-20 | 1996-08-21 | Portals | Security threads |
| RU2108422C1 (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-04-10 | Войсковая часть 33825 | Thermosensitive composition for protection of paper documents against falsification |
| US6369793B1 (en) * | 1998-03-30 | 2002-04-09 | David C. Zimman | Printed display and battery |
| EP1066978A3 (en) * | 1999-07-09 | 2001-03-28 | Scientific Games International Limited | Security of printing articles |
| DE19941295A1 (en) | 1999-08-31 | 2001-03-01 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security element |
| DE10046710A1 (en) | 2000-09-21 | 2002-04-18 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Counterfeiting and theft protection system, especially for valuable and security documents, has electronic component(s) in form of LCR oscillator(s) stimulated by electromagnetic radiation |
| DE10243650A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 | 2004-04-01 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | security element |
| DE102006001487A1 (en) * | 2006-01-11 | 2007-07-12 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Electrically controllable display device e.g. chip card or marker, for cafeteria, has control device for actively controlling heating unit that heats defined area of device, where geometrical form of structure is defined by form of unit |
| DE102006016048A1 (en) | 2006-04-04 | 2007-10-18 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | security element |
-
2008
- 2008-02-27 DE DE102008011299A patent/DE102008011299A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-02-16 CA CA2716892A patent/CA2716892A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-02-16 CN CN200980106836.7A patent/CN101960495B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-02-16 EP EP09716143.4A patent/EP2248111B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-02-16 WO PCT/EP2009/001064 patent/WO2009106242A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-02-16 RU RU2010139579/08A patent/RU2511575C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014184481A1 (en) | 2013-05-13 | 2014-11-20 | Fasver | Method and device for the secure protection of an official document and official document thus protected |
| US10239336B2 (en) | 2013-05-13 | 2019-03-26 | Fasver | Method and device for the secure protection of an official document and official document thus protected |
| WO2016071627A1 (en) | 2014-11-04 | 2016-05-12 | Fasver | Method for manufacturing a data medium and data medium thus obtained |
| US11090968B2 (en) | 2014-11-04 | 2021-08-17 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Method for manufacturing a data medium and data medium thus obtained |
| FR3057694A1 (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2018-04-20 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | DISPLAY SCREEN COMPRISING A HEATING LAYER BASED ON POLY (THIO- OR SELENO-) PHENIC POLYMERS |
| WO2023278749A1 (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2023-01-05 | Block, Inc. | Thermo-sensitive payment card |
| US11861438B2 (en) | 2021-07-02 | 2024-01-02 | Block, Inc. | Thermo-sensitive payment card |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2010139579A (en) | 2012-04-20 |
| CN101960495A (en) | 2011-01-26 |
| EP2248111B1 (en) | 2016-07-13 |
| CN101960495B (en) | 2014-12-31 |
| RU2511575C2 (en) | 2014-04-10 |
| EP2248111A1 (en) | 2010-11-10 |
| WO2009106242A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
| DE102008011299A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |