CA2715589C - Moisturizing compositions comprising castor oil maleate and quaternaized nitrogen - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a composition for moisturizing one or more of skin, hair and nails comprising: castor oil maleate, and a quaternized nitrogen moisturizing agent; wherein the castor oil maleate is provided in an amount of up to 2% by weight based upon weight of the composition and wherein the quaternized nitrogen moisturizing agent is provided in an amount of up to 5% by weight based on weight of the composition.

Description

MOISTURIZING COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING CASTOR OIL MALEATE AND
QUATERNIZED NITROGEN
[0001] This is a divisional application of Canadian Patent Application No. 2,619,910 filed on August 24, 2006. It should be understood that the expression "the present invention" or the like used in this specification encompasses not only the subject matter of this divisional application but that of the parent application and another divisional also.
BACKGROUND

[0002] Providing moisture to skin, hair, or nails has been the goal of many products to prevent dryness and/or promote moisturization. Some products have used materials as a barrier to prevent the moisture within the body from escaping.
Other products use materials to attract moisture to the skin.

[0003] It would be desirable to provide a composition that could provide a desired level of moisture along with desired effects on skin, hair, and/or nails.
BRIEF SUMMARY

[0004] A composition comprising: an adduct of a vegetable oil and maleic anhydride;
and a material chosen from a hydrolyzed keratin, hydroxyethyl urea, and/or a quaternized nitrogen moisturizing agent. Also, a method of moisturizing skin, hair, and/or nails comprising applying an effective amount of the composition to skin, hair, and/or nails. Also, a method of depositing a substance to a substrate comprising applying the composition, which further comprises the substance, to a substrate.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a composition for moisturizing one or more of skin, hair and nails comprising: castor oil maleate, and a quaternized nitrogen moisturizing agent; wherein the castor oil maleate is provided in an amount of up to 2% by weight based upon weight of the composition and wherein the quaternized nitrogen moisturizing agent is provided in an amount of up to

5% by weight based on weight of the composition.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a composition for depositing one or more substances selected from the group consisting of fragrances, sunscreen, pigments, insect repellents and hydrophobic materials to one or more of skin, hair and nails comprising a composition as described herein and the one or more substances selected from the group consisting of fragrances, sunscreen, pigments, insect repellents and hydrophobic materials.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0005] As used throughout, ranges are used as a shorthand for describing each and every value that is within the range. Any value within the range can be selected as the terminus of the range. The use of and/or indicates that any one from the list can be chosen individually, or any combination from the list can be chosen.

[0006] Unless indicated otherwise, the percentages specified herein are weight percentages based the active weight of the material in the total weight of the composition, which totals 100%.
la

[0007] The composition includes a vegetable oil maleate. The vegetable oil maleate is an adduct of a vegetable oil with maleic anhydride. The vegetable oil maleate can be present in the composition in any desired amount to give a desired level of moisturization. In one embodiment, the vegetable oil maleate is present in the composition at greater than 0 up to about 2% by weight. In another embodiment, the vegetable oil maleate is present at about 0.55% by weight.

[0008] A range of vegetable oils may be utilized for preparing the adduct with maleic anhydride including, for example, glycerin, in which the constituent hydroxyl groups are esterified with an equal or nearly equal number of fatty acid molecules. Many vegetable oils are triglycerides, i.e., those glycerides in which three fatty acid molecules are chemically bonded to the glycerin backbone. Vegetable oils suitable for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, almond, arachis (peanut), avocado, castor, coconut, corn, cottonseed, crambie, jojoba, lesquerella (bladder-pod), linseed, olive, palm, rapeseed (canola), rice bran, persic (apricot kernal), safflower, sesame, soybean, sunflower and veronia.
10009] Differences in the functional properties of vegetable oils are generally attributed to variations in their respective fatty acid constituents. Different fatty acids may be present in vegetable oils suitable for use in the invention including, for example, myristic, licanic, 12-hydroxyoleic, eleostearic, ricinoleic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidic, eicosenoic, behenic, erucic, palmitiolic, docosadienoic, lignoseric, tetracossenoic, rnargaric, margaroleic, gadoleic, caprylic, capric, lauric, pentadecanoic, and heptadecanoic acids.
These fatty acid molecules can also vary in their degree of unsaturation and their hydroxyl groups can react like typical secondary alcohols by being eliminated or esterified.
[0010] One example of a vegetable oil maleate is castoryl maleate, which may be prepared by reacting castor oil with maleic anhydride to form the adduct as described in U.S. Patent No. 6,225,485, In one embodiment, the castoryl maleate does not contain free maleic anhydride. The castoryl maleate adduct may be manufactured by reacting castor oil and cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride at a temperature of 75-120 C for an initial period of, for example, 4 to 24 hours, and then continuing the reaction at room temperature for at least one week to ensure that substantially all of the maleic anhydride has been reacted.

[0011] In addition to the vegetable oil maleate, the composition includes a moisturizing agent chosen from a hydrolyzed keratin, hydroxyethyl urea, and/or a quatemized nitrogen moisturizing agent. Any one of these can be used alone, or any combination of these materials can be used.
[0012] In one embodiment, a hydrolyzed keratin is present in the composition.
Any hydrolyzed keratin can be included in the composition. In one embodiment, the hydrolyzed keratin comprises an extract of goat hair. In one embodiment, the goat hair is cashmere. The hydrolyzed keratin can be present in the composition in any desired amount to give a desired level of moisturization. In one embodiment, the hydrolyzed keratin is present in an amount of 0 to about 0.005% by weight. In another embodiment, the hydrolyzed keratin is present in an amount of about 0.0005 to about 0.005% by weight. In another embodiment, the hydrolyzed keratin is present at about 0.0015% by weight.
[0013] In one embodiment, hydroxyethyl urea is present in the composition. The hydroxyethyl urea can be present in the composition in any desired amount to give a desired level of moisturization. In one embodiment, the hydroxyethyl urea is present in an amount of 0 to about 13% by weight. In one embodiment, the hydroxyethyl urea is present at about 6%
by weight.
[00141 In one embodiment, a quaternary nitrogen moisturizing agent is present in the composition. The quaternary nitrogen moisturizing agent is a moisturizing agent that contains a quaternary nitrogen in its structure. Examples of quaternary nitrogen moisturizing agents include, but are not lir nited to, hydroxypropyl bis-hydroxyethyldimonium chloride (available as COLATmMoist 200 from Colonial Chemicals, Inc.) having the structure e cH, OH CH3 e Cl I 0 H2 I H2 I e H3c¨N¨C N __ CH3 H2C-0H H2 C 0 H , a material having the structure H3C __ -N C C ______ C ¨OH a H2C _________ OH (which is described in United States Patent No. 6,869,977, a choline salt (which is described in United States Patent Nos.
6,475,965 and 6,265,364, camitine, and combinations thereof Naturally occurring camitine is L-camitine. The quaternary nitrogen moisturizing agent can be present in the composition in any desired amount to give a desired level of moisturization. In one embodiment, the quaternary nitrogen moisturizing agent is present in an amount of 0 to about 5. In another embodiment, the quaternary nitrogen m.oisturizing agent is present in an amount of about 0.1 to about 1% by weight. In another embodiment, the quaternary nitrogen moisturizing agent is present at about 1% by weight.
[0015] Additionally, glycerin may be included in the composition in combination with the moisturizing agent. The glycerin can be included in any desired amount to provide a desired level of raoisturization_ In one embodiment, the glycerin is present in an amount of 0 to about 8% by weight. In other embodiments, the glycerin can be present at about 6% by weight or about 1.5% by weight. =
[0016] The composition may also contain creatine. Creatine can be used to support the energy cycle in skin cells. Creatine can be included at any desired amount to achieve any desired level of energy support in cells. In one embodiment, the creatine is present in the composition in an amount of 0 to about 2% by weight.
[00171 The cleansing compositions may also include one or more anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, nonionic surfact,nts, cationic surfactants, and combinations thereof.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will be aware of suitable surfactants and other:additives readily identifiable from the lizternational Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 10th ed., (2004). Surfactants can be included in any desired amount. In one embodiment, surfactants are present in the composition in an A m o unt of 0 to about 40%
by weight In one embodiment, the surfactants are present in an amount of about 1 to about 40%
by weight In one embodiment, surfactants are present in the composition in an amount of about 5 to about 40% by weight. In one embodiment, the surfactants are present in an amount of about 1 to about 10% by weight [0018] A variety of anionic surfactants can be utilized in the moisturizing body wash composition including, for example, long chain alkyl (C6-C22) materials such as long chain alkyl sulfates, long chain alkyl sulfonates, long chain alkyl phosphates, long chain alkyl ether sulfates, long chain alkyl alpha olefin sulfonates, long chain alkyl taurates, long chain alkyl iset]iionates (SCI), long chain alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates (AGES), sulfosuccinates, C6-C22 alkyl ether sulfonates and the, like. These anionic surfactants can be allcoxylated, for example, ethoxylated, although _ .
allcoxylation is not required. These surfactants are typically highly water soluble as their sodium, potassium, alkyl and ammonium or allcanol ammonium containing salt form and can provide high foaming cleansing power. Other equivalent anionic surfactants may be used. In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant comprises sodium laureth sulfate, sodium pareth sulfate, and combinations thereof. Anionic surfactants can be included in any desired amount. In one embodiment, anionic surfactants are present in the composition in an amount of 0 to about 15% by weight In one embodiment, anionic surfactants are present in an amount of about 6 to about 8% by weight.
[0019] Amphoteric surfactants may also be included in the composition. These surfactants are typically characterized by a combination of high surfactant activity, lather fornaing and mildness. Amphoteric surfactants include, but are not limited to, derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight chain or branched and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains about 8 to about 18 carbon. atoms and one contains an anionic water solubiling group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. Examples of such compounds include sodium 3-dodecyaminopropion.ate, =
sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate, N-alkyl taurines and N-higher alkyl aspartic acids.
Other equivalent amphoteric surfactants may be used. Examples of araphoteric surfactants include, but are not Limited to, a range of betaines including, for example, high alkyl betaines, such as coco dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl carboxy-methyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl = bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)carboxy methyl betaine, stearyl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethyl gamma-carboxypropyl betaine, and lauryl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, sulfobetaihes such as coco dimethyl snlfopropyl betaine, stearyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, amido betaines, amidosulfobetaines = . 5 and the like. Betaines having a long chain alkyl group, particularly Coco, may be particularly useful as are those that include an amido groups such as the cocamidopropyl and cocoamidoethyl betaines. Amphoteric surfactants can be included in any desired amount. In one embodiment, amphoteric surfactants are present in the composition in an amount of 0 to about 15% by weight. In one embodiment, the amphoteric surfactants are present in the composition in an amount of about 4 to about 6% by weight.
[0020] Examples of nonionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, polysorbate 20, long chain alkyl glucosides having C8-C22 alkyl groups; coconut fatty acid monoethanolamides such as cocamide MBA; coconut fatty acid diethanolamides, fatty alcohol ethoxylates (alkylpolyethylene glycols); alkylphenol polyethylene glycols; alkyl mercaptan polyethylene glycols; fatty amine ethoxylates (alkylaminopolyethylene glycols); fatty acid ethoxylates (acylpolyethylene glycols); polypropylene glycol ethoxylates (for example the PLuRomcTm block copolymers commercially available from BASF); fatty acid alkylolainides, (fatty acid amide polyethylene glycols); N-alkyl-, N-alkoxypolyhydroxy fatty acid amides;
sucrose esters; sorbitol esters; polyglycol ethers; and combinations thereof. Nonionic surfactants can be included in any desired amount. In one embodiment, nonionic surfactants are present in the composition in an amount of 0 to about 3% by weight. In one embodiment, nonionic surfactants are present in the composition in an amount of about 0.5 to about 1.5% by weight.
[0021] Cationic surfactants can also be included in the composition. Examples of cationic surfactants include, but are not limited to any quatemium or polyquatemium compound.
Cationic surfactants can be included at any desired level. In one embodiment, cationic surfactants are present in the composition in an amount of 0 to about 2 % by weight. In one embodiment, cationic surfactants are present in the composition in an amount of about 0.1 to about 0.3 % by weight.
[0022] Many additional surfactants are described in McCUTCHEON'S DETERGENTS
AND
EMULSIFIERS (1989) and other reference materials that are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
[0023] Skin compatible oils can be included in the composition. Skin compatible oils include a range of liquid hydrocarbons, for example, linear and branched oils such as liquid paraffin, squalene, squalane, mineral oil, low viscosity synthetic hydrocarbons such as polyalphaolefins, commercially available from ExxonMobil under the trade name PuRESYN

PAO and polybutene under the trade name PANALANETm or TNDOPOLTm. Light (low viscosity) highly branched hydrocarbon oils may also be suitable in some instances. Other useful skin compatible oils may be silicone based, for example, linear and cyclic polydimethyl siloxane, organo functional silicones (alkyl and alkyl aryl), and amino silicones.
[00241 In other embodiments, the composition may include any of following materials in any desired amount to achieve a desired effect in the composition (amounts that can be used in some embodiments are provided): one or more alkaline salts, for example, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and/or their equivalents (0 to 5% by weight); foaming agents, for example decyl glucoside, and/or their equivalents (0 to 3% by weight); glyceryl esters and derivatives, for example glycol distearate, and/or their equivalents(0 to 3%; by weight); sequestrants, for example, tetrasodium EDTA, and/or their equivalents (0 to 2% by weight); biocides, for example, Triclosan (2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether), DMDM hydantoin, formaldehyde and/or imidazolidinyl urea, and/or their equivalents (0 to 2% by weight); organic acids, for example, citric acid and/or formic acid and/or their equivalents (0 to 2% by weight); viscosity modifiers (0 to 2% by weight);
fragrances and/or perfumes (0 to 5% by weight); preservatives, for example, phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde solution, parabens, pentanediol or sorbic acid (0 to 2% by weight); pearlizing agents, for example, glycol distearic esters, such as ethylene glycol distearate, but also fatty acid monoglycol esters (0 to 3% by weight); stabilizers, for example, metal salts of fatty acids, such as e.g., magnesium stearate, aluminum stearate and/or zinc stearate (0 to 2% by weight); and dyes and pigments that are approved and suitable for cosmetic purposes.
[0025] Water may be included in the composition. Water can be included in an amount of 0 to about 90% by weight. In one embodiment, water is present at about 50% to about 90% by weight.
10026] In one embodiment, a moisturizing body wash composition also utilizes, as a thickening agent, a blend of PEG-I50 distearate and PPG-2 hydroxyethyl cocamide for countering a decrease in viscosity associated with the concentrations of moisturizing agents utilized in some embodiments of the moisturizing body wash composition. This blended thickening agent allows the composition to achieve viscosities beyond those that could be achieved with conventional thickening agents, for example sodium chloride alone, and is able to achieve suitable viscosities at relatively low concentrations. The relatively low concentrations used to achieve the desired viscosities are also advantageous with respect to = manufacturing processes that may be employed to manufacture the moisturizing body wash composition, thereby reducing the need for larger equipment or modi6cations and the capital expenditure associated with manufacturing the moisturizing body wash composition if other thickening agents were used. The PEG-150 distearate and the PPG-2 hydroxyethyl cocamide can be present in any amount to achieve a desired viscosity. In one embodiment, the amount of PEG-I50 distearate in the composition is 0 to about 2% by weight. In one embodiment, the amount of PPG-2 hydroxyethyl cocamide in the composition is 0 to about 2%
by weight.
In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the PEG-150 distearate to the PPG-2 hydroxyethyl cocamide can be about 3:1. to about 1:3. In one embodiment, the PEG-150 distearate and the PPG-2 hydroxyethyl cocamide are each present at 0.0225% by weight. The PEG-150 distearate and the PPG-2 hydroxyethyl cocamide are available as a mixture from Uniqema under the trade name PROIVIIDIUMTm LTS.
[00271 The composition can be used to moisturize skin, hair, and/or nails. The composition is applied to skin, hair, and/or nails. lithe composition is a rinse off composition, the composition is rinsed off. The composition can be left on for any desired amount of time.
The composition can be included in any product that contacts skin, including the oral cavity, hair, and/or nails. The composition can be used on humans or other animals.
The composition can be in the form of a body wash, a shower gel, a hand wash, a soap bar, a shampoo, a conditioner, a dishwashing liquid, a skin lotion, a sunscreen, a bubble bath, an oral care product, a dentifrice, a toothpaste, a mouthwash, an antiperspirant, a deodorant, or a foot soak.
[0028] The composition can also be used to apply a substance to a substrate.
The substance is included in the composition, and the composition is applied to a substrate.
The substrate can be any desired substrate. In one embodiment, the substrate can be skin, hair, and/or nails.
The substance can be any substance that is attracted to the composition. In one embodiment, the substance is chosen from fragrances, sunscreen, pigments, insect repellents, and/or hydrophobic materials.
=
[00291 The following exaraples are merely illustrative and do not in any way limit the scope of the invention as described and claimed. Unless otherwise listed, the amount are % by weight of the composition based on the active weight of the material.

=

[00301 A moisturizing body wash composition can be prepared that includes hydrolyzed cashmere. The formulation of this moisturizing body wash composition is provided below in Table 1. The base used in this and other examples is shown in Table 2.
Table 1 Phase Ingredient % Wt. Range PHASE A
Base 70-85 PHASE B
Castoryl Maleate 0.1-2 Glycerin 1-8 Extract of cashmere goat hair 0.0005-0.005_ Cocamidopropyl Betaine 1-15 PHASE C
Fragrance 0.1-3 Citric Acid Solution 0.001-0.2 Sodium Chloride 1-5 Total 100 Table 2 Base Ingredient Name % Wt. Range Demineralized Water 84-87 D1V])M Hydantoin 0.2-0.4 Po1yquatemium-7 0.15-0.25 SO3Na Pareth 145-2E0 Sulfate 8-10 Cocamidopropyl Betaine 2.5-4 Decyl Glucoside 1-2 Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid (EDTA) 0.05-1 Total Materials 100 , [0031] A moisturizing body wash composition can be prepared that includes a hydroxyethyl urea (for example, HYDROVANCETm, commercially available from National Starch and Chemical, Bridgewater, NJ). The formulation of this moisturizing body wash composition is provided below in Table 3.

9 Table 3 Phase Ingredient % Wt./Wt. % Wt. Range PHASE A
Base 82.31 70-85 PHASE B
Castoryl Maleate 0.55 0.1-2 Hydroxyethyl urea 6 1-13 Cocamidopropyl Betaine 8 1-15 PHASE C
Fragrance 1.1 0.1-3 Citric Acid Solution 0.04 0.001-0.2 Sodium Chloride 2 1-5 Total 100 100 [00321 A composition containing a blend of glycerin and hydroxyethyl urea can also be prepared as shown below in Table 4.
Table 4 Phase. Ingredient % Wt./Wt. % Wt. Range PHASE A
Base 78.71 70-85 PHASE B
Castoryl Maleate 0.55 0.1-2 Glycerin 3 0.1-6 Hydroxyethyl urea 3 0.1-6 _ Cocamidopropyl Betaine 8 1-15 PHASE C
Ethylene glycol distearate 3.5 0.5-7 DMDM Hydantoin 0.1 0.01-0.2 PHASE D
Fragrance 1.1 0.1-3 Citric Acid Solution _ 0.04 0.005-0.1 Sodium Chloride 2 0.1-5 , Total 100 100 [00331 In another example, the 6% hydroxyethyl urea in the formula in Table 3 can be replaced with 1% by weight hydroxypropyl bis-hydroxyethyldimonium chloride (COLATmMoist 200) and 1.5% by weight glycerin. All materials, except water, remain at the same amount. The amount of water is adjusted to provide for 100% by weight.

[00341 The moisturizing body wash compositions having the representative formulation described above can be manufactured by combining the components identified in Table 2 to prepare a base. This base is, in turn, used as Phase A in the moisturizing body wash composition. The Phase B components are then combined and well mixed to form Phase B.
Phase B is then added into Phase A with mixing to form an intermediate composition. If desired, fragrance and colorants may be added to the intermediate composition and mixed until the mixture is clear. The Phase C components may then be added as necessary and mixed to obtain a substantially uniform composition. The pH and viscosity of the composition may then be adjusted as needed to produce a fuaal composition having a viscosity of about 12,000 to about 15,000 cPs (as measured with a Brookfield DV-II
Viscometer No. 5 Spindle at 20 rpm at 25 C) and a slightly acidic pH of about 5 to about 6.
[0035] Various modifications of the invention, in addition to those described herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. Such modifications are also intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (18)

CLAIMS:

1. A composition for moisturizing one or more of skin, hair and nails comprising:
castor oil maleate, and a quaternized nitrogen moisturizing agent;
wherein the castor oil maleate is provided in an amount of up to 2% by weight based upon weight of the composition and wherein the quaternized nitrogen moisturizing agent is provided in an amount of up to 5% by weight based on weight of the composition.

2. The composition of claim 1 further comprising:
up to 15% by weight a C6-22 alkyl ether sulfate surfactant, and up to 15% by weight of cocamidopropyl betaine surfactant.

3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the C6-22 alkyl ether sulfate surfactant is present at 6 to 8% by weight.

4. The composition of claim 2 or 3, wherein the cocamidopropyl betaine surfactant is present at 4 to 6% by weight.

5. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the quaternized nitrogen moisturizing agent is selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropyl bis-hydroxyethyldimonium chloride, a material having the structure a choline salt, carnitine, and combinations thereof.

6. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the quaterinized nitrogen moisturizing agent comprises hydroxypropyl bis-hydroxyethyldimonium chloride.

7. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the quaternized nitrogen moisturizing agent comprises carnitine.

8. The composition of claim 6, wherein the quaternized nitrogen moisturizing agent further comprises carnitine.

9. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein:
the castor oil maleate is present at 0.55% by weight, and the quaternized nitrogen mosturizing agent is present at about 1% by weight.

10. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising creatine.

11. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising glycerin.

12. The composition of claim 11, wherein the glycerin is present in an amount of 1 to 8 weight % percent based on a total weight of the composition.

13. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising PEG-150 distearate and PPG-2 hydroxyethyl cocamide.

14. The composition of claim 2 comprising:
about 0.55% by weight of the castor oil maleate, about 1% by weight of the quaternized nitrogen moisturizing agent, 6 to 8% by weight of the C6-22 alkyl ether sulfate surfactant, 4 to 6% by weight of the cocamidopropyl betaine surfactant, and further comprising about 6% by weight glycerin.

15. A method of moisturizing one or more of skin, hair, and nails comprising applying an effective amount of the composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 14 to the any one of skin, hair, and nails.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising rinsing the composition from the one or more of skin, hair, and nails.

17. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 14 further comprising one or more substances selected from the group consisting of fragrances, sunscreen, pigments, insect repellents, and hydrophobic materials.

18. A composition for depositing one or more substances selected from the group consisting of fragrances, sunscreen, pigments, insect repellents and hydrophobic materials to one or more of skin, hair and nails comprising a composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 14 and the one or more substances selected from the group consisting of fragrances, sunscreen, pigments, insect repellents and hydrophobic materials.