CA2705222C - Method and device for equilizing the solidification process of a fusible metal, particularly produced by means of strand or strip casting - Google Patents
Method and device for equilizing the solidification process of a fusible metal, particularly produced by means of strand or strip casting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2705222C CA2705222C CA2705222A CA2705222A CA2705222C CA 2705222 C CA2705222 C CA 2705222C CA 2705222 A CA2705222 A CA 2705222A CA 2705222 A CA2705222 A CA 2705222A CA 2705222 C CA2705222 C CA 2705222C
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- molten metal
- strand
- region
- solidification
- electromagnetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000161 steel melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/122—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ using magnetic fields
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
- B22D11/114—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means
- B22D11/115—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means by using magnetic fields
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method of equalizing a solidification process of molten metal produced, in particular, during strand or strip casting, wherein the molten metal (10) is subjected, in particular, to an electromagnetic stirring process, and wherein a magnetic field is applied to metal located upstream of the area of, in particular, the electromagnetic stirring process. According to the invention, it is provided that during the solidification process, at least one magnetic field is applied to an already solidified, at the outside, into a strand, region (11) of the molten metal (10). The invention also relates to a device for carrying out this process.
Description
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR EQUILIZING THE
SOLIDIFICATION PROCESS OF A FUSIBLE METAL, PARTICULARLY
PRODUCED BY MEANS OF STRAND OR STRIP CASTING
The invention relates to a method of and a device for equalizing solidification of molten metal produced, in particular, during strand or strip casting and wherein the molten metal is subjected, in particular, to an electromagnetic stirring process, wherein a magnetic field is applied, upstream of the area of, in particular, electromagnetic stirring, to the metal located there. The invention also relates, in addition, to a device for carrying out the process.
Basically, during a solidification process of a cast strip, e.g., on a cooled conveyor belt that transports the cast strip, large heat removal takes place at the bottom of the cast strip as well as at the upper surface and the narrow sides.
As a result, a non-uniform temperature profile is formed over the strip cross-section and which creates, during a subsequent cooling process, stresses in the strip which can lead to warping of the strip. Because the contact of the cast strip and the conveyor belt, in particular, in width direction, is not constant and the removal of heat from the cast strip over its width is not uniform, it again leads to a non-uniform solidification structure.
In this connection, the prior art discloses different methods and devices with electromagnetic stirring in the region of liquid steel melt, by way of example, reference is made to the following publications:
U.S. Patent No. 4,933,005 discloses an induction stirring method according to which, molten metal is electromagnetically stirred usually with intensity that produces turbulence in the molten metal, and upstream of the area of the electromagnetic stirring, a static magnetic field is applied with intensity to the molten metal and which is sufficient for reducing turbulence in the mentioned area to a smallest extent.
The described method is directed to improving inducting stirring applications where, among others, a free surface exists during stirring in molds and during electromagnetic stirring in ladles or other containers, and surface disturbances and distortions in meniscus should be reduced to a minimum.
Japanese Publication JP 06182502 A relates to a single metal strip-type caster in which it is suggested to provide an electromagnetic brake above a region of a molten metal and specifically at the drawing side of the metal belt rather than at a point of pouring molten metal on the belt, in order to prevent waving of the molten metal region and to obtain a metal strip with a flat surface without roughness. At the time of pouring of the molten metal from a tundish on a metal belt, waving is generated on the surface of the molten metal region by the pouring flow of the molten metal. The electromagnetic brake is provided above the molten metal regions and, in particular, at the drawing side of the metal belt rather than at the point of pouring molten metal. This arrangement eliminates waving in the direction of the metal belt as seen from the electromagnetic brake, and so a flat molten metal is formed. Therefore, due to the formation of a solidified shell without waving in the molten metal region, a flat surface shape of the surface of the solidified shell, without roughness, is achieved.
With regard to these two publications, it can be said that the known methods and devices cannot prevent the above-described problems.
The object of the invention is to improve and further develop the known methods and devices, while retaining the existing advantages, that the above-mentioned drawbacks are eliminated, wherein, in particular, optimization of a precise shape of a strand, a better control of a metallurgical length, and a better adaptation of the speed are achieved.
SOLIDIFICATION PROCESS OF A FUSIBLE METAL, PARTICULARLY
PRODUCED BY MEANS OF STRAND OR STRIP CASTING
The invention relates to a method of and a device for equalizing solidification of molten metal produced, in particular, during strand or strip casting and wherein the molten metal is subjected, in particular, to an electromagnetic stirring process, wherein a magnetic field is applied, upstream of the area of, in particular, electromagnetic stirring, to the metal located there. The invention also relates, in addition, to a device for carrying out the process.
Basically, during a solidification process of a cast strip, e.g., on a cooled conveyor belt that transports the cast strip, large heat removal takes place at the bottom of the cast strip as well as at the upper surface and the narrow sides.
As a result, a non-uniform temperature profile is formed over the strip cross-section and which creates, during a subsequent cooling process, stresses in the strip which can lead to warping of the strip. Because the contact of the cast strip and the conveyor belt, in particular, in width direction, is not constant and the removal of heat from the cast strip over its width is not uniform, it again leads to a non-uniform solidification structure.
In this connection, the prior art discloses different methods and devices with electromagnetic stirring in the region of liquid steel melt, by way of example, reference is made to the following publications:
U.S. Patent No. 4,933,005 discloses an induction stirring method according to which, molten metal is electromagnetically stirred usually with intensity that produces turbulence in the molten metal, and upstream of the area of the electromagnetic stirring, a static magnetic field is applied with intensity to the molten metal and which is sufficient for reducing turbulence in the mentioned area to a smallest extent.
The described method is directed to improving inducting stirring applications where, among others, a free surface exists during stirring in molds and during electromagnetic stirring in ladles or other containers, and surface disturbances and distortions in meniscus should be reduced to a minimum.
Japanese Publication JP 06182502 A relates to a single metal strip-type caster in which it is suggested to provide an electromagnetic brake above a region of a molten metal and specifically at the drawing side of the metal belt rather than at a point of pouring molten metal on the belt, in order to prevent waving of the molten metal region and to obtain a metal strip with a flat surface without roughness. At the time of pouring of the molten metal from a tundish on a metal belt, waving is generated on the surface of the molten metal region by the pouring flow of the molten metal. The electromagnetic brake is provided above the molten metal regions and, in particular, at the drawing side of the metal belt rather than at the point of pouring molten metal. This arrangement eliminates waving in the direction of the metal belt as seen from the electromagnetic brake, and so a flat molten metal is formed. Therefore, due to the formation of a solidified shell without waving in the molten metal region, a flat surface shape of the surface of the solidified shell, without roughness, is achieved.
With regard to these two publications, it can be said that the known methods and devices cannot prevent the above-described problems.
The object of the invention is to improve and further develop the known methods and devices, while retaining the existing advantages, that the above-mentioned drawbacks are eliminated, wherein, in particular, optimization of a precise shape of a strand, a better control of a metallurgical length, and a better adaptation of the speed are achieved.
With regard to the method, the object of the invention is achieved by applying, during the solidification process, at least one magnetic field to an already solidified, at the outside, into a strand, region of the molten metal.
Thereby, in a simple way, the naturally developed temperature profile in a still molten core is homogenized by action of an electromagnetic field on the already solidified, at the outside, into a strand, melt. The uniform distribution of energy in the molten core provides always the most possible temperature at the inner side of the strand shell. As a result, the thickness growth of the shell is delayed, whereby the heat removal is increased. Due to a higher heat removal, the cast strip solidifies more rapidly. Overall, by producing a uniform temperature field over the cross-section of the molten core, the strand shell is heated somewhat again at the start of stirring, so that its thickness growth is delayed, and the shell, which remains warn longer and becomes thinner, only later acquires its mechanical characteristics. Thereby, it lies flatly on the cooled conveyor belt for a longer time which leads to reduction of inner stresses and of a possible high-arching of the edges.
Thereby, in a simple way, the naturally developed temperature profile in a still molten core is homogenized by action of an electromagnetic field on the already solidified, at the outside, into a strand, melt. The uniform distribution of energy in the molten core provides always the most possible temperature at the inner side of the strand shell. As a result, the thickness growth of the shell is delayed, whereby the heat removal is increased. Due to a higher heat removal, the cast strip solidifies more rapidly. Overall, by producing a uniform temperature field over the cross-section of the molten core, the strand shell is heated somewhat again at the start of stirring, so that its thickness growth is delayed, and the shell, which remains warn longer and becomes thinner, only later acquires its mechanical characteristics. Thereby, it lies flatly on the cooled conveyor belt for a longer time which leads to reduction of inner stresses and of a possible high-arching of the edges.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the inventive method, the electromagnetic field is applied to an already solidified, at the outside, into a strand, region essentially at a bottom of the molten metal. In this area, as a rule, a greater heat removal takes place than at the upper surface and the narrow sides.
According to a further and last feature of the method, a position of the electromagnetic stirring process is adapted in the casting direction.
The object of the invention, with respect to the device, is achieved, according to the invention, by providing a device formed for applying, during the solidification process, at least one magnetic field to an already solidified, at the outside, into a strand, region of the molten metal. With respect to the advantages achieved thereby, in order to prevent repetition, reference is made to the described advantages of the method.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the inventive device, the device is formed for applying at least one electromagnetic field to an already solidified, at the outside, into a strand, region essentially at a bottom of the molten metal.
According to the last feature of the inventive device, it is provided that the position of the electromagnetic stirring process is adapted in the casting direction.
Further advantages and particularities of the invention follow from the dependent claims and the following description in which an embodiment of the invention, which is shown in the drawings, is explained in detail. In addition to the above-described combination of features, separate features or in other combinations form an essential part of the invention.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of equalizing a solidification process of molten metal after strip casting a metal strand, the method comprising: subjecting the molten metal to an electromagnetic stirring process, wherein at least one electromagnetic field is applied to a region of the strand comprising a solidified outer strand shell and an inner molten metal core; and subjecting upstream of the region of the electromagnetic stirring process, a magnetic field to the molten metal located there; wherein the electromagnetic field applied to the region is of an intensity to homogenize a cross-sectional temperature profile in the still liquid molten metal core to provide always the highest temperature at an inner side of the strand shell.
The drawings show:
Fig. 1 a schematic view of a temperature profile of the molten metal and of the strand shell with the use of the inventive method in comparison with the state of the art;
Fig. 2 an enlarged view of the left portion in Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 a schematic view of solidified stretches of the molten metal in the casting direction.
6a M i The inventive method serves for equalizing the solidification process of molten metal which is designated with 10 in Fig. 1 and which is produced, in particular, during casting of strand or strip. The molten metal 10 is subjected to an electromagnetic stirring process, with a magnetic field being applied to the metal upstream of the area of the electromagnetic stirring. According to the inventive method, during the solidification process, at least one electromagnetic field is applied to an already solidified, at the outside, into a strand, region 11 of the molten metal 10.
This inventive feature provides the previously described advantages. A further advantage consists in that by producing a uniform temperature field over the cross-section of the molten core, the strand shell 12 is heated somewhat again at the start of stirring so that its thickness growth is delayed, and the shell 12, which remains warm longer and becomes thinner, only later acquires its mechanical characteristics. Thereby, it lies flatly on the cooled conveyor belt for a longer time which leads to reduction of inner stresses and of a possible high-arching of the edges. Figs. 1 and 2 show a temperature profile of the molten metal 10 and the strand shell 12 with the use of the inventive method in comparison with the state of the art. It can be seen that the solidified region 11 of the metal 10 and, thus, the thickness d2 of the strand shell 12 is substantially thicker than the solidified region 13 of the metal 10 at a delayed solidification and, thus, the thickness di of the strand shell 12, see Figs. 1 and 2. It is further shown the temperature profile of the molten metal 10 and the strand shell 12 wherein the temperature 9 with stirrer shows the temperature of the stirring process, and the temperature 9 without stirrer shows the temperature without the stirring process. It can be seen that the temperature without the stirring process raises noticeably faster and, finally, is at a higher level than the temperature with the stirring process.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the inventive process, it is contemplated to apply the electromagnetic field to. the already solidified, at the outside, into a strand, region 11 essentially, at a bottom of the molten metal 10.
It-can further be provided to adapt the position of the electromagnetic stirring process in the casting direction.
Fig. 3 shows solidification stretches of the molten metal 10 in the casting direction shown with arrow. A. The solidification stretch EN shows a normal solidification stretch, and the solidification stretch EV shows a shortened solidification stretch with stirring.
The present invention also relates to a device, not shown in the drawings, for carrying out the method, in particular, the electromagnetic stirring process in the molten metal 10. The device is formed for applying at least one electromagnetic field during the stirring process to an already solidified, at the outside, into a strand, region 11 of the molten metal 10, preferably, at the bottom of the molten metal 10. It can further be provided for adaptation of the position of the electromagnetic stirring process in the casting direction.
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
molten metal 11 solidified region (of 10) 12 strand shell 13 solidified region at a delayed solidification A casting direction EN normal solidification stretch EV shortened solidification stretch
According to a further and last feature of the method, a position of the electromagnetic stirring process is adapted in the casting direction.
The object of the invention, with respect to the device, is achieved, according to the invention, by providing a device formed for applying, during the solidification process, at least one magnetic field to an already solidified, at the outside, into a strand, region of the molten metal. With respect to the advantages achieved thereby, in order to prevent repetition, reference is made to the described advantages of the method.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the inventive device, the device is formed for applying at least one electromagnetic field to an already solidified, at the outside, into a strand, region essentially at a bottom of the molten metal.
According to the last feature of the inventive device, it is provided that the position of the electromagnetic stirring process is adapted in the casting direction.
Further advantages and particularities of the invention follow from the dependent claims and the following description in which an embodiment of the invention, which is shown in the drawings, is explained in detail. In addition to the above-described combination of features, separate features or in other combinations form an essential part of the invention.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of equalizing a solidification process of molten metal after strip casting a metal strand, the method comprising: subjecting the molten metal to an electromagnetic stirring process, wherein at least one electromagnetic field is applied to a region of the strand comprising a solidified outer strand shell and an inner molten metal core; and subjecting upstream of the region of the electromagnetic stirring process, a magnetic field to the molten metal located there; wherein the electromagnetic field applied to the region is of an intensity to homogenize a cross-sectional temperature profile in the still liquid molten metal core to provide always the highest temperature at an inner side of the strand shell.
The drawings show:
Fig. 1 a schematic view of a temperature profile of the molten metal and of the strand shell with the use of the inventive method in comparison with the state of the art;
Fig. 2 an enlarged view of the left portion in Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 a schematic view of solidified stretches of the molten metal in the casting direction.
6a M i The inventive method serves for equalizing the solidification process of molten metal which is designated with 10 in Fig. 1 and which is produced, in particular, during casting of strand or strip. The molten metal 10 is subjected to an electromagnetic stirring process, with a magnetic field being applied to the metal upstream of the area of the electromagnetic stirring. According to the inventive method, during the solidification process, at least one electromagnetic field is applied to an already solidified, at the outside, into a strand, region 11 of the molten metal 10.
This inventive feature provides the previously described advantages. A further advantage consists in that by producing a uniform temperature field over the cross-section of the molten core, the strand shell 12 is heated somewhat again at the start of stirring so that its thickness growth is delayed, and the shell 12, which remains warm longer and becomes thinner, only later acquires its mechanical characteristics. Thereby, it lies flatly on the cooled conveyor belt for a longer time which leads to reduction of inner stresses and of a possible high-arching of the edges. Figs. 1 and 2 show a temperature profile of the molten metal 10 and the strand shell 12 with the use of the inventive method in comparison with the state of the art. It can be seen that the solidified region 11 of the metal 10 and, thus, the thickness d2 of the strand shell 12 is substantially thicker than the solidified region 13 of the metal 10 at a delayed solidification and, thus, the thickness di of the strand shell 12, see Figs. 1 and 2. It is further shown the temperature profile of the molten metal 10 and the strand shell 12 wherein the temperature 9 with stirrer shows the temperature of the stirring process, and the temperature 9 without stirrer shows the temperature without the stirring process. It can be seen that the temperature without the stirring process raises noticeably faster and, finally, is at a higher level than the temperature with the stirring process.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the inventive process, it is contemplated to apply the electromagnetic field to. the already solidified, at the outside, into a strand, region 11 essentially, at a bottom of the molten metal 10.
It-can further be provided to adapt the position of the electromagnetic stirring process in the casting direction.
Fig. 3 shows solidification stretches of the molten metal 10 in the casting direction shown with arrow. A. The solidification stretch EN shows a normal solidification stretch, and the solidification stretch EV shows a shortened solidification stretch with stirring.
The present invention also relates to a device, not shown in the drawings, for carrying out the method, in particular, the electromagnetic stirring process in the molten metal 10. The device is formed for applying at least one electromagnetic field during the stirring process to an already solidified, at the outside, into a strand, region 11 of the molten metal 10, preferably, at the bottom of the molten metal 10. It can further be provided for adaptation of the position of the electromagnetic stirring process in the casting direction.
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
molten metal 11 solidified region (of 10) 12 strand shell 13 solidified region at a delayed solidification A casting direction EN normal solidification stretch EV shortened solidification stretch
Claims (2)
1. A method of equalizing a solidification process of molten metal after strip casting a metal strand, the method comprising: subjecting the molten metal (10) to an electromagnetic stirring process, wherein at least one electromagnetic field is applied to a region (11) of the strand comprising a solidified outer strand shell and an inner molten metal core; and subjecting upstream of the region (11) of the electromagnetic stirring process, a magnetic field to the molten metal located there;
wherein the electromagnetic field applied to the region (11) is of an intensity to homogenize a cross-sectional temperature profile in the still liquid molten metal core to provide always the highest temperature at an inner side of the strand shell.
wherein the electromagnetic field applied to the region (11) is of an intensity to homogenize a cross-sectional temperature profile in the still liquid molten metal core to provide always the highest temperature at an inner side of the strand shell.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the highest temperature at the inner side of the strand shell comprises a highest temperature at an inner side of an uppermost strand shell.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007059919A DE102007059919A1 (en) | 2007-11-26 | 2007-11-26 | Method and device for Vergleichmäßigen the solidification process of a particular in strand or strip casting produced molten metal |
| DE102007059919.8 | 2007-11-26 | ||
| PCT/EP2008/009938 WO2009068232A1 (en) | 2007-11-26 | 2008-11-24 | Method and device for equalizing the solidification process of a fusible metal, particularly produced by means of strand or strip casting |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2705222A1 CA2705222A1 (en) | 2009-06-04 |
| CA2705222C true CA2705222C (en) | 2013-01-08 |
Family
ID=40325732
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2705222A Expired - Fee Related CA2705222C (en) | 2007-11-26 | 2008-11-24 | Method and device for equilizing the solidification process of a fusible metal, particularly produced by means of strand or strip casting |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20100282432A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2219805A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2011504418A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20100080841A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101873902A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2705222C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102007059919A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2458759C2 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW200932401A (en) |
| UA (1) | UA97034C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009068232A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201002933B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102513523B (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2013-11-27 | 钢铁研究总院 | Method for full mold-filling casting below melting point |
| CN107977084B (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2021-11-05 | 苹果公司 | Method and apparatus for providing haptic feedback for operations performed in a user interface |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3976117A (en) * | 1974-11-01 | 1976-08-24 | Erik Allan Olsson | Method of and apparatus for converting molten metal into a semi-finished or finished product |
| JPS5775257A (en) * | 1980-10-30 | 1982-05-11 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | Continuous horizontal casting method for steel |
| SU980937A1 (en) * | 1981-01-06 | 1982-12-15 | Государственный научно-исследовательский и проектный институт сплавов и обработки цветных металлов "Гипроцветметобработка" | Continuous casting plant |
| JPS61108458A (en) * | 1984-11-01 | 1986-05-27 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Controlling method of electromagnetic stirring device |
| JPS61249648A (en) * | 1985-04-26 | 1986-11-06 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Continuous casting method for thin billet |
| JPS62176645A (en) * | 1986-01-29 | 1987-08-03 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | Electromagnetic stirring apparatus for horizontal continuous casting machine |
| US4933005A (en) | 1989-08-21 | 1990-06-12 | Mulcahy Joseph A | Magnetic control of molten metal systems |
| JP2574550B2 (en) * | 1991-04-12 | 1997-01-22 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Single belt continuous casting machine |
| JPH06182502A (en) | 1992-12-16 | 1994-07-05 | Nippon Steel Corp | Single gelt type band metal continuous casting apparatus |
| SE519840C2 (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2003-04-15 | Abb Ab | Method and apparatus for continuous casting of metals |
| JP4329919B2 (en) * | 2001-03-13 | 2009-09-09 | Ｏｋｉセミコンダクタ株式会社 | Semiconductor memory and driving method of semiconductor memory |
-
2007
- 2007-11-26 DE DE102007059919A patent/DE102007059919A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-11-24 RU RU2010126206/02A patent/RU2458759C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-11-24 CA CA2705222A patent/CA2705222C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-11-24 KR KR1020107010453A patent/KR20100080841A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-11-24 UA UAA201007999A patent/UA97034C2/en unknown
- 2008-11-24 CN CN200880117782A patent/CN101873902A/en active Pending
- 2008-11-24 WO PCT/EP2008/009938 patent/WO2009068232A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-11-24 JP JP2010534416A patent/JP2011504418A/en active Pending
- 2008-11-24 EP EP08853616A patent/EP2219805A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-11-24 US US12/734,786 patent/US20100282432A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-11-25 TW TW097145442A patent/TW200932401A/en unknown
-
2010
- 2010-04-28 ZA ZA2010/02933A patent/ZA201002933B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102007059919A1 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
| TW200932401A (en) | 2009-08-01 |
| RU2010126206A (en) | 2012-01-10 |
| UA97034C2 (en) | 2011-12-26 |
| US20100282432A1 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
| CA2705222A1 (en) | 2009-06-04 |
| EP2219805A1 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
| KR20100080841A (en) | 2010-07-12 |
| CN101873902A (en) | 2010-10-27 |
| JP2011504418A (en) | 2011-02-10 |
| WO2009068232A1 (en) | 2009-06-04 |
| RU2458759C2 (en) | 2012-08-20 |
| ZA201002933B (en) | 2011-03-30 |
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