CA2693902A1 - Process for the beneficiation of ores by means of hydrophobic surfaces - Google Patents
Process for the beneficiation of ores by means of hydrophobic surfaces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2693902A1 CA2693902A1 CA2693902A CA2693902A CA2693902A1 CA 2693902 A1 CA2693902 A1 CA 2693902A1 CA 2693902 A CA2693902 A CA 2693902A CA 2693902 A CA2693902 A CA 2693902A CA 2693902 A1 CA2693902 A1 CA 2693902A1
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- Prior art keywords
- hydrophobic
- solid
- dispersion
- mixture
- process according
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000005661 hydrophobic surface Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 44
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chalcopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Fe+2].[Cu+2] DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052951 chalcopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052948 bornite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052947 chalcocite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper monosulfide Chemical class [Cu]=S BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- -1 C2-C20-alkenyl radical Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 6
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052961 molybdenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NJGCRMAPOWGWMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(O)(O)=O NJGCRMAPOWGWMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000006710 (C2-C12) alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylpropionic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052656 albite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxosilane oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[K+].[K+].O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008396 flotation agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052949 galena Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052627 muscovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052950 sphalerite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005369 trialkoxysilyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BNCXNUWGWUZTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(dodecyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl BNCXNUWGWUZTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH](Cl)Cl ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005052 trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/005—Pretreatment specially adapted for magnetic separation
- B03C1/01—Pretreatment specially adapted for magnetic separation by addition of magnetic adjuvants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/08—Subsequent treatment of concentrated product
- B03D1/10—Removing adhering liquid from separated materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0002—Preliminary treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0002—Preliminary treatment
- C22B15/0004—Preliminary treatment without modification of the copper constituent
- C22B15/0008—Preliminary treatment without modification of the copper constituent by wet processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/20—Magnetic separation of bulk or dry particles in mixtures
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
- Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for separating at least one hydrophobic agent from a mixture comprising said at least one hydrophobic agent and at least one hydrophilic agent, comprising the steps of: A) Producing a slurry or dispersion of the mixture to be treated in at least one suitable dispersion agent, B) bringing the slurry or dispersion of step (A) into contact with at least one solid, hydrophobic surface for attaching the at least one hydrophobic agent to be separated to the surface thereof, C) removing the at least one solid, hydrophobic surface, whereon the at least one hydrophobic agent from step (B) is bonded, from the slurry or dispersion, in which the at least one hydrophilic agent is present, and D) separating the at least one hydrophobic agent from the solid, hydrophobic surface. According to the invention, the method is used for separating (hydrophobic) sulfidic minerals, particularly copper sulfides, from mixtures having hydrophilic metal oxides (gang minerals). The solid surface can be, for example, a conveyor belt having a hydrophobic, structured surface.
Description
As originally filed Process for the beneficiation of ores by means of hydrophobic surfaces Description The present invention relates to a process for separating at least one hydrophobic material from a mixture comprising this at least one hydrophobic material and at least one hydrophilic material, and also to the use of a solid, hydrophobic surface for separating at least orie hydrophobic material from the abovementioned mixture.
In particular, the invention comprises the separation of hydrophobic metal compounds, for example metal sulfides, from a mixture of these hydrophobic metal compounds and hydrophilic metal oxides for the beneficiation of ores by means of a hydrophobic surface.
At present, 90% of all lead, zinc and copper ores are concentrated by flotation.
Flotation is a separation process in which materials dispersed or suspended in water are transported to the water surface by adhering gas bubbles and are removed there by means of a clearing device. Here, air is introduced into and finely dispersed in the flotation bath. The hydrophobic particles, for example sulfidic ores, are not readily wetted by water and therefore adhere to the air bubbles. In this way, these particles are carried by the air bubbles to the surface of the flotation tank and can be scooped off with the foam. A disadvantage of this process is that the air bubbles frequently lose their ballast on their way upward. To achieve a satisfactory yield, chemical additives, for example xanthates, which make the ore particles more strongly hydrophobic are therefore added. In addition, the constant introduction of air is associated with a high hazard potential.
The abovementioned disadvantage can be circumvented by magnetic flotation. In this method, the sulfidic ore constituents are in principle coupled in a targeted way to magnetic particles. In a second step, a magnetic field is applied and the magnetic constituents comprising the desired ore constituents are separated in this way from the unmagnetized constituents.
For example, US 4,657,666 describes a method of beneficiating ores in which the hydrophobic magnetic particle adheres in a targeted way to the hydrophobic, sulfidic ore. The magnetic particle is selected from among magnetite and other magnetic iron oxides which have previously been hydrophobicized by bonding to silanes. The desired sulfidic ore is hydrophobicized in a targeted manner using a mixture of flotation agents/collectors in the presence of the oxidic gangue. After separation of the adder of magnetic particle and desired ore from the oxidic gangue, the magnetic particle is separated from the desired ore by treatment with 50% strength by volume H202 solution.
US 4,906,382 discloses a process for the beneficiation of sulfidic ores, in which these are stirred with magnetic pigments which have been modified by means of bifunctional molecules. One of the two functional groups adheres to the magnetic core. The magnetic particle can be reversibly agglomerated via the second functional group by varying the pH. The niagnetic particles can be used for concentrating sulfidic ores.
DE 195 14 515 discloses a process for concentrating materials of value by means of magnetite or hematite particles. For this purpose, the magnetite or hematite particles are modified with carboxylic acids or functionalized alkanols.
A disadvantage of the processes for beneficiation of ores described in the prior art is the fact that high magnetic fields are required in order to separate the magnetized particles efficiently from the original mixture. Complicated, costly apparatuses are required for this purpose. Furthermore, it has to be ensured that the magnetic particle coupled to the desired ore remains stably attached during the flotation process and can be effectively separated off again after the separation.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a process for separating hydrophobic materials efficiently and in high purity from a mixture comprising these hydrophobic materials and hydrophilic materials. A further object of the present invention is to provide a process of this type which avoids coupling of magnetizable particles to the hydrophobic constituents to be separated off and the use of a stream of air.
These objects are achieved by a process for separating at least one hydrophobic material from a mixture comprising this at least one hydrophobic material and at least one hydrophilic material, which comprises the steps:
(A) preparation of a slurry or dispersion of the mixture to be treated in at least one suitable dispersion medium, (B) contacting of the slurry or dispersion from step (A) with at least one solid, hydrophobic surface to bind the at least one hydrophobic material to be separated off to this, (C) removal of the at least one solid, hydrophobic surface to which the at least one hydrophobic material is bound from step (B) from the slurry or dispersion in which the at least one hydrophilic material is comprised and (D) separation of the at least one hydrophobic material from the solid, hydrophobic surface.
B07104,06PC CA 02693902 2010-01-15 The process of the invention serves to separate at least one hydrophobic material from a mixture comprising this at least one hydrophobic material and at least one hydrophilic material.
For the purposes of the present invention, "hydrophobic" means that the corresponding surface can be intririsically hydrophobic or can have been hydrophobicized after its production. It is also possible for an intrinsically hydrophobic surface to be additionally hydrophobicized.
In a preferred embodiment of the process of the invention, the at least one hydrophobic material is at least one hydrophobic metal compound or coal and the at least one hydrophilic material is preferably at least one hydrophilic metal compound.
According to the invention, the process serves, in particular, to separate sulfidic ores from a mixture comprising these sulfidic ores and at least one hydrophilic metal compound selected from the group consisting of oxidic metal compounds.
The at least one hydrophobic metal compound is thus preferably selected from the group consisting of sulfidic ores. The at least one hydrophilic metal compound is preferably selected from the group consisting of oxidic metal compounds.
Examples of sulfidic ores which can be used according to the invention are, for example, selected from the group of copper ores consisting of chalcopyrite (copper pyrite) CuFeS2, bornite Co5FeS4, chalcocite (copper glance) Cu2S and mixtures thereof.
Suitable oxidic metal compounds which can be used according to the invention are preferably selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide Si02, preferably hexagonal modifications, feldspars, for example albite Ma(Si3AI)Og, mica, for example muscovite KAIZ[(OH,F)2AIS13O10], and mixtures thereof.
In the process of the invention, preference is accordingly given to using untreated ore mixtures which are obtained from deposits in mines.
In a preferred embodiment, an ore mixture which can be separated according to the invention is milled to a particle size of s 100 pm, particularly preferably s 60 pm, before the process of the invention. Preferred ore mixtures have a content of sulfidic minerals of at least 0.4% by weight, particularly preferably at least 10% by weight.
Examples of sulfidic minerals present in the ore mixtures which can be used according to the invention are those mentioned above. In addition, sulfides of metals other than copper, for example sulfides of lead, zinc, molybdenum, PbS, ZnS and/or MoS2, can also be present in the ore mixtures. Furthermore, oxidic compounds of metals and semimetals, for exaniple silicates or borates or other salts of metals and semimetals, for example phosphates, sulfates or carbonates, can be present in the ore mixtures to be treated according to the invention.
A typical ore mixture which can be separated by means of the process of the invention has the following composition: about 30% by weight of Si02, about 10% by weight of Na(Si3AI)08, about 3% by weight of Cu2S, about 1 % by weight of MoS2, balance oxides of chromium, iron, titanium and magnesium.
The individual steps of the process of the invention are described in detail below:
Step (A):
Step (A) of the process of the invention comprises the preparation of a slurry or dispersion of the mixture to be treated in at least one suitable solvent.
As suitable dispersion media, all dispersion media in which the mixtures to be treated are not completely soluble are suitable. Suitable dispersion media for preparing the slurry or dispersion in step (A) of the process of the invention are selected from the group consisting of water, water-soluble organic compounds and mixtures thereof.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the dispersion medium in step (A) is water.
In general, the amount of dispersion medium can, according to the invention, be selected so that a slurry or dispersion which is readily stirrable and/or conveyable is obtained. In a preferred embodiment, the amount of mixture to be treated based on the total slurry or dispersion is up to 100% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight, very particularly preferably from 1 to 5% by weight.
According to the invention, the slurry or dispersion can be prepared by all methods known to those skilled in the art. In a preferred embodiment, the mixture to be treated and the appropriate amount of dispersion medium or dispersion medium mixture are combined in a suitable reactor, for example a glass reactor, and stirred by means of apparatuses known to those skilled in the art, for example in a glass tank by means of a mechanical propeller stirrer.
In a further preferred embodiment of the process of the invention, at least one adhesion-improving substance can be additionally added to the mixture to be treated and the dispersion rriedium or dispersion medium mixture.
g07/0406PC CA 02693902 2010-01-15 Examples of suitable adhesion-improving substances are long- and short-chain amines, ammonia, long-chain alkanes and long-chain, unbranched alcohols. In a particularly preferred embodiment, dodecylamine is added to the slurry or dispersion in an amount, based on the dry weight of ore and magnetic particles, of preferably from 5 0.1 to 0.5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.3% by weight.
The adhesion-improving substance which may be added if appropriate is generally added in an amount which is sufficient to ensure the adhesion-improving action of this substance. In a preferred embodiment, the at least one adhesion-improving substance is added in an amount of from 0.01 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.05 to 0.5% by weight, in each case based on the total slurry or dispersion.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the at least one hydrophobic material present in the mixture is hydrophobicized by means of at least one substance before step (B) of the process of the invention.
The hydrophobicization of the at least one hydrophobic material, preferably the at least one hydrophobic metal compound, can be carried out before step (A), i.e.
before the preparation of the slurry or dispersion of the mixture to be treated. However, it is also possible according to the invention for the hydrophobic material to be separated off to be hydrophobicized after preparation of the slurry or dispersion in step (A).
In a preferred embodiment, the mixture to be treated is hydrophobicized by means of a suitable substance before step (A).
As hydrophobicizing substance, it is possible, according to the invention, to use all substances which are able to effect further hydrophobicization of the surface of the hydrophobic metal compound to be separated off. The hydrophobicizing reagent is generally made up of a radical and an anchor group, with the anchor group preferably having at least 1/3 reactive group, particularly preferably three reactive groups, which interact(s) with the hydrophobic material to be separated off, preferably the hydrophobic metal compound to be separated off. Suitable anchor groups are phosphonic acid groups or thiol groups.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the hydrophobicizing substances are selected from the group consisting of phosphorus-comprising compounds of the general formula (I) R'P-OH 0 where R' is hydrogen or a branched or unbranched C,-C20-alkyl radical, a C2-C20-alkenyl radical, a CS-CZo-aryl radical or a heteroaryl radical, preferably a Cz-C20-alkyl radical, and R2 is hydrogen, OH or a branched or unbranched C,-CZO-alkyl radical, a CZ-C20-alkenyl radical, a C5-C20-aryl radical or a heteroaryl radical, preferably OH, sulfur-comprising compounds of the general formula (II) II
where R3 is a branched or unbranched C,-C20-alkyl radical, a C2-C20-alkenyl radical, a C5-C20-aryl radical or a heteroaryl radical, preferably a C2-C20-alkyl radical, and R2 is hydrogen or a branched or unbranched C,-C20-alkyl radical, a C2-C20-alkenyl radical, a C5-C20-aryl radical or a heteroaryl radical, preferably hydrogen, and mixtures thereof.
In a very particularly preferred embodiment, octylphosphonic acid is used, i.e. R' is a C8-alkyl radical and R 2 is OH in the general formula (I).
These compounds having a hydrophobicizing action are added either individually or in admixture with one another in an amount of from 0.01 to 50% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.1 to 50% by weight, based on the mixture to be treated.
These substances having a hydrophobicizing action can be applied to the hydrophobic material to be separated off, preferably the at least one metal compound to be separated off, by all methods known to those skilled in the art. In a preferred embodiment, the mixture to be treated is milled and/or stirred with the appropriate amount of hydrophobicizing substance, for example in a planetary ball mill.
Suitable apparatuses are known to those skilled in the art.
Step (B):
Step (B) of the process of the invention comprises contacting of the slurry or dispersion from step (A) with at least one solid, hydrophobic surface to bind the at least one hydrophobic material to be separated off, preferably the at least one metal compound to be separated off, to the solid, hydrophobic surface.
In particular, the invention comprises the separation of hydrophobic metal compounds, for example metal sulfides, from a mixture of these hydrophobic metal compounds and hydrophilic metal oxides for the beneficiation of ores by means of a hydrophobic surface.
At present, 90% of all lead, zinc and copper ores are concentrated by flotation.
Flotation is a separation process in which materials dispersed or suspended in water are transported to the water surface by adhering gas bubbles and are removed there by means of a clearing device. Here, air is introduced into and finely dispersed in the flotation bath. The hydrophobic particles, for example sulfidic ores, are not readily wetted by water and therefore adhere to the air bubbles. In this way, these particles are carried by the air bubbles to the surface of the flotation tank and can be scooped off with the foam. A disadvantage of this process is that the air bubbles frequently lose their ballast on their way upward. To achieve a satisfactory yield, chemical additives, for example xanthates, which make the ore particles more strongly hydrophobic are therefore added. In addition, the constant introduction of air is associated with a high hazard potential.
The abovementioned disadvantage can be circumvented by magnetic flotation. In this method, the sulfidic ore constituents are in principle coupled in a targeted way to magnetic particles. In a second step, a magnetic field is applied and the magnetic constituents comprising the desired ore constituents are separated in this way from the unmagnetized constituents.
For example, US 4,657,666 describes a method of beneficiating ores in which the hydrophobic magnetic particle adheres in a targeted way to the hydrophobic, sulfidic ore. The magnetic particle is selected from among magnetite and other magnetic iron oxides which have previously been hydrophobicized by bonding to silanes. The desired sulfidic ore is hydrophobicized in a targeted manner using a mixture of flotation agents/collectors in the presence of the oxidic gangue. After separation of the adder of magnetic particle and desired ore from the oxidic gangue, the magnetic particle is separated from the desired ore by treatment with 50% strength by volume H202 solution.
US 4,906,382 discloses a process for the beneficiation of sulfidic ores, in which these are stirred with magnetic pigments which have been modified by means of bifunctional molecules. One of the two functional groups adheres to the magnetic core. The magnetic particle can be reversibly agglomerated via the second functional group by varying the pH. The niagnetic particles can be used for concentrating sulfidic ores.
DE 195 14 515 discloses a process for concentrating materials of value by means of magnetite or hematite particles. For this purpose, the magnetite or hematite particles are modified with carboxylic acids or functionalized alkanols.
A disadvantage of the processes for beneficiation of ores described in the prior art is the fact that high magnetic fields are required in order to separate the magnetized particles efficiently from the original mixture. Complicated, costly apparatuses are required for this purpose. Furthermore, it has to be ensured that the magnetic particle coupled to the desired ore remains stably attached during the flotation process and can be effectively separated off again after the separation.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a process for separating hydrophobic materials efficiently and in high purity from a mixture comprising these hydrophobic materials and hydrophilic materials. A further object of the present invention is to provide a process of this type which avoids coupling of magnetizable particles to the hydrophobic constituents to be separated off and the use of a stream of air.
These objects are achieved by a process for separating at least one hydrophobic material from a mixture comprising this at least one hydrophobic material and at least one hydrophilic material, which comprises the steps:
(A) preparation of a slurry or dispersion of the mixture to be treated in at least one suitable dispersion medium, (B) contacting of the slurry or dispersion from step (A) with at least one solid, hydrophobic surface to bind the at least one hydrophobic material to be separated off to this, (C) removal of the at least one solid, hydrophobic surface to which the at least one hydrophobic material is bound from step (B) from the slurry or dispersion in which the at least one hydrophilic material is comprised and (D) separation of the at least one hydrophobic material from the solid, hydrophobic surface.
B07104,06PC CA 02693902 2010-01-15 The process of the invention serves to separate at least one hydrophobic material from a mixture comprising this at least one hydrophobic material and at least one hydrophilic material.
For the purposes of the present invention, "hydrophobic" means that the corresponding surface can be intririsically hydrophobic or can have been hydrophobicized after its production. It is also possible for an intrinsically hydrophobic surface to be additionally hydrophobicized.
In a preferred embodiment of the process of the invention, the at least one hydrophobic material is at least one hydrophobic metal compound or coal and the at least one hydrophilic material is preferably at least one hydrophilic metal compound.
According to the invention, the process serves, in particular, to separate sulfidic ores from a mixture comprising these sulfidic ores and at least one hydrophilic metal compound selected from the group consisting of oxidic metal compounds.
The at least one hydrophobic metal compound is thus preferably selected from the group consisting of sulfidic ores. The at least one hydrophilic metal compound is preferably selected from the group consisting of oxidic metal compounds.
Examples of sulfidic ores which can be used according to the invention are, for example, selected from the group of copper ores consisting of chalcopyrite (copper pyrite) CuFeS2, bornite Co5FeS4, chalcocite (copper glance) Cu2S and mixtures thereof.
Suitable oxidic metal compounds which can be used according to the invention are preferably selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide Si02, preferably hexagonal modifications, feldspars, for example albite Ma(Si3AI)Og, mica, for example muscovite KAIZ[(OH,F)2AIS13O10], and mixtures thereof.
In the process of the invention, preference is accordingly given to using untreated ore mixtures which are obtained from deposits in mines.
In a preferred embodiment, an ore mixture which can be separated according to the invention is milled to a particle size of s 100 pm, particularly preferably s 60 pm, before the process of the invention. Preferred ore mixtures have a content of sulfidic minerals of at least 0.4% by weight, particularly preferably at least 10% by weight.
Examples of sulfidic minerals present in the ore mixtures which can be used according to the invention are those mentioned above. In addition, sulfides of metals other than copper, for example sulfides of lead, zinc, molybdenum, PbS, ZnS and/or MoS2, can also be present in the ore mixtures. Furthermore, oxidic compounds of metals and semimetals, for exaniple silicates or borates or other salts of metals and semimetals, for example phosphates, sulfates or carbonates, can be present in the ore mixtures to be treated according to the invention.
A typical ore mixture which can be separated by means of the process of the invention has the following composition: about 30% by weight of Si02, about 10% by weight of Na(Si3AI)08, about 3% by weight of Cu2S, about 1 % by weight of MoS2, balance oxides of chromium, iron, titanium and magnesium.
The individual steps of the process of the invention are described in detail below:
Step (A):
Step (A) of the process of the invention comprises the preparation of a slurry or dispersion of the mixture to be treated in at least one suitable solvent.
As suitable dispersion media, all dispersion media in which the mixtures to be treated are not completely soluble are suitable. Suitable dispersion media for preparing the slurry or dispersion in step (A) of the process of the invention are selected from the group consisting of water, water-soluble organic compounds and mixtures thereof.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the dispersion medium in step (A) is water.
In general, the amount of dispersion medium can, according to the invention, be selected so that a slurry or dispersion which is readily stirrable and/or conveyable is obtained. In a preferred embodiment, the amount of mixture to be treated based on the total slurry or dispersion is up to 100% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight, very particularly preferably from 1 to 5% by weight.
According to the invention, the slurry or dispersion can be prepared by all methods known to those skilled in the art. In a preferred embodiment, the mixture to be treated and the appropriate amount of dispersion medium or dispersion medium mixture are combined in a suitable reactor, for example a glass reactor, and stirred by means of apparatuses known to those skilled in the art, for example in a glass tank by means of a mechanical propeller stirrer.
In a further preferred embodiment of the process of the invention, at least one adhesion-improving substance can be additionally added to the mixture to be treated and the dispersion rriedium or dispersion medium mixture.
g07/0406PC CA 02693902 2010-01-15 Examples of suitable adhesion-improving substances are long- and short-chain amines, ammonia, long-chain alkanes and long-chain, unbranched alcohols. In a particularly preferred embodiment, dodecylamine is added to the slurry or dispersion in an amount, based on the dry weight of ore and magnetic particles, of preferably from 5 0.1 to 0.5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.3% by weight.
The adhesion-improving substance which may be added if appropriate is generally added in an amount which is sufficient to ensure the adhesion-improving action of this substance. In a preferred embodiment, the at least one adhesion-improving substance is added in an amount of from 0.01 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.05 to 0.5% by weight, in each case based on the total slurry or dispersion.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the at least one hydrophobic material present in the mixture is hydrophobicized by means of at least one substance before step (B) of the process of the invention.
The hydrophobicization of the at least one hydrophobic material, preferably the at least one hydrophobic metal compound, can be carried out before step (A), i.e.
before the preparation of the slurry or dispersion of the mixture to be treated. However, it is also possible according to the invention for the hydrophobic material to be separated off to be hydrophobicized after preparation of the slurry or dispersion in step (A).
In a preferred embodiment, the mixture to be treated is hydrophobicized by means of a suitable substance before step (A).
As hydrophobicizing substance, it is possible, according to the invention, to use all substances which are able to effect further hydrophobicization of the surface of the hydrophobic metal compound to be separated off. The hydrophobicizing reagent is generally made up of a radical and an anchor group, with the anchor group preferably having at least 1/3 reactive group, particularly preferably three reactive groups, which interact(s) with the hydrophobic material to be separated off, preferably the hydrophobic metal compound to be separated off. Suitable anchor groups are phosphonic acid groups or thiol groups.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the hydrophobicizing substances are selected from the group consisting of phosphorus-comprising compounds of the general formula (I) R'P-OH 0 where R' is hydrogen or a branched or unbranched C,-C20-alkyl radical, a C2-C20-alkenyl radical, a CS-CZo-aryl radical or a heteroaryl radical, preferably a Cz-C20-alkyl radical, and R2 is hydrogen, OH or a branched or unbranched C,-CZO-alkyl radical, a CZ-C20-alkenyl radical, a C5-C20-aryl radical or a heteroaryl radical, preferably OH, sulfur-comprising compounds of the general formula (II) II
where R3 is a branched or unbranched C,-C20-alkyl radical, a C2-C20-alkenyl radical, a C5-C20-aryl radical or a heteroaryl radical, preferably a C2-C20-alkyl radical, and R2 is hydrogen or a branched or unbranched C,-C20-alkyl radical, a C2-C20-alkenyl radical, a C5-C20-aryl radical or a heteroaryl radical, preferably hydrogen, and mixtures thereof.
In a very particularly preferred embodiment, octylphosphonic acid is used, i.e. R' is a C8-alkyl radical and R 2 is OH in the general formula (I).
These compounds having a hydrophobicizing action are added either individually or in admixture with one another in an amount of from 0.01 to 50% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.1 to 50% by weight, based on the mixture to be treated.
These substances having a hydrophobicizing action can be applied to the hydrophobic material to be separated off, preferably the at least one metal compound to be separated off, by all methods known to those skilled in the art. In a preferred embodiment, the mixture to be treated is milled and/or stirred with the appropriate amount of hydrophobicizing substance, for example in a planetary ball mill.
Suitable apparatuses are known to those skilled in the art.
Step (B):
Step (B) of the process of the invention comprises contacting of the slurry or dispersion from step (A) with at least one solid, hydrophobic surface to bind the at least one hydrophobic material to be separated off, preferably the at least one metal compound to be separated off, to the solid, hydrophobic surface.
For the purposes of the present invention, solid hydrophobic surface means that a surface which is hydrophobic and which either represents a one-piece surface, for example a plate or a conveyor belt, or represents the sum of the surfaces of many movable particles, for example the individual surfaces of a plurality of spheres, is used.
Combinations of these embodiments are possible.
In the process of the invention, it is possible to use all solid, hydrophobic surfaces which are suitable for binding at least part of the hydrophobic material present in the mixture to be treated to this. The hydrophobic material is bound to the solid, hydrophobic surface by means of hydrophobic interactions.
In a preferred embodiment, the solid, hydrophobic surface is the interior wall of a tube, the surface of a plate, the fixed or movable surface of a conveyor belt, the interior wall of a reactor, the surface of three-dimensional bodies which are added to the slurry or, dispersion. The solid, hydrophobic surface is particularly preferably the interior wall of a reactor or the fixed or movable hydrophobic surface of a conveyor belt having fibrous, micro-3D structures on the surface.
According to the invention, it is possible to use a solid, hydrophobic surface which is made intrinsically hydrophobic by the material which forms the solid, hydrophobic surface. However, it is also possible, according to the invention, for surfaces which are not intrinsically hydrophobic to be hydrophobicized by application of at least one hydrophobic layer.
In a preferred embodiment, a solid surface composed of metal, plastic, glass, wood or metal alloys is hydrophobicized by application of a hydrophobic compound which may, if appropriate, be surface-coated with suitable substances. This surface comprising hydrophobic compounds is, in an embodiment of the process of the invention, sufficiently hydrophobic in itself to be used in the process of the invention.
The application of the hydrophobic layer can, for example, be effected by vapor deposition.
According to the invention, all hydrophobic materials which are known to those skilled in the art and are suitable for forming an appropriate hydrophobic layer can be used for forming this hydrophobic layer. A hydrophobic layer is a layer which has no polar groups and therefore has a water-repellent character.
Examples of suitable compounds are bifunctional compounds which adhere via one functional group to the solid surface by means of a covalent or coordinate bond and adhere via the other hydrophobic functional group to the desired ore by means of a covalent or coordinate bond. Examples of groups via which bonding to the inorganic compound occurs are the carboxyl group -COOH, the phosphonic acid group -P03H2, the trihalosilyl group -SiHa13 where the radicals Hal are each, independently of one another, F, Cl, Br, I, the trialkoxysilyl group -Si(OR5)3 where the radicals R5 are each, independently of one another, C,-C1z-alkyl and/or C2-C12-alkenyl.
Examples of groups via which bonding to the desired ore is effected are branched or unbranched C,-C20-alkyl groups, C5-C20-aryl groups and heteroaryl groups, compounds of the general formula (III) -[CH2]n-X-C(=X)-X-R' (III) where n is from 1 to 25, the radicals X are each, independently of one another, S or 0, and R6 is a branched or unbranched C,-C,o-alkyl radical, ammonium, a monovalent metal cation, for example an alkali metal cation.
If R6 is ammonium or a monovalent metal cation, an ionic compound (III) in which the radical -[CH2],-X-C(=X)-X' is singly negatively charged on the terminal X, with this charge being balanced by ammonium or the monovalent metal cation, is present.
Bonding to the desired ore preferably occurs via a group of the general formula (Illa) -[CH2J.-S-C(=S)-O-R6 (Illa) where n is from 2 to 20 and R 6 is a branched or unbranched C,-C5-alkyl radical.
In a further preferred embodiment, the solid, hydrophobic surface is the surface of a continuous conveyor belt which is moved through the slurry or dispersion comprising the mixture to be treated. The surface of the conveyor belt can, in a preferred embodiment, be increased by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example by applying a three-dimensional structure to the conveyor belt. An example of such a three-dimensional structure is fibres which are applied to the surface of the conveyor belt. The conveyor belt can be made of all suitable materials known to those skilled in the art, for example polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate, metallic materials such as aluminum, multicomponent materials such as aluminum alloys. The fibers can likewise be composed of all suitable materials known to those skilled in the art.
Step (C):
807/04,06PC CA 02693902 2010-01-15 Step (C) of the process of the invention comprises removal of the at least one solid, hydrophobic surface to which the at least one hydrophobic material, preferably the at least one hydrophobic metal compound, is bound from step (B) from the slurry or dispersion in which the at least one hydrophilic material is comprised.
After contacting of the slurry or dispersion from step (A) with at least one solid, hydrophobic surface (B), the hydrophobic material to be separated off, preferably the hydrophobic metal compound to be separated off, is at least partly bound to the hydrophobic, solid surface. However, the hydrophilic material which is present in the mixture to be treated remains in the slurry or dispersion since this does not bind to the hydrophobic surface. It is thus possible to reduce the concentration of hydrophobic materials in the mixture to be treated by removal of these compounds with the hydrophobic surface.
The removal of the laden, hydrophobic, solid surface can be effected by all methods known to those skilled in the art. For example, a plate having the hydrophobic, solid surface can be lifted out of a bath comprising the slurry or dispersion.
Furthermore, it is possible according to the invention for the hydrophobic, solid surface to be located on a conveyor belt which moves through the slurry or dispersion. If the hydrophobic, solid surface is located on the inside of a tube or a reactor, the slurry or dispersion is, in a preferred embodiment, passed through the reactor or through the tube. The removal of the solid, hydrophobic surface thus occurs as a result of the slurry or dispersion being conveyed past this surface. According to the invention, it is also possible, when the hydrophobic, solid surface is the interior wall of a reactor, for removal of this hydrophobic, solid surface to be achieved by the slurry or dispersion to be treated being drained from the reactor.
Step (D):
Step (D) comprises separation of the at least one hydrophobic material, preferably the at least one hydrophobic metal compound, from the solid, hydrophobic surface.
After step (C), the hydrophobic, solid surface is at least partly laden with the hydrophobic material to be separated off from the reaction mixture to be treated. To obtain the hydrophilic material to be separated off, it is necessary according to the invention to separate this hydrophobic material from the hydrophobic, solid surface.
This separation can be effected by all methods known to those skilled in the art which are suitable for separating the hydrophobic material from said surface without either the hydrophobic material and/or the surface being adversely affected.
In a preferred embodiment, the separation in step (D) of the process of the invention is effected by treating the solid, hydrophobic surface with a substance selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, basic compounds, acidic compounds, oxidants, surface-active compounds and mixtures thereof.
Examples of suitable organic solvents are methanol, ethanol, propanol, for example n-propanol or isopropanol, aromatic solvents, for example benzene, toluene, xylenes, ethers, for example diethyl ether, methyl t-butyl ether, and mixtures thereof.
Examples of basic compounds which can be used according to the invention are aqueous 10 solutions of basic compounds, for example aqueous solutions of alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, for example KOH, NaOH, aqueous ammonia solutions, aqueous solutions of organic amines of the general formula R'3N, where R' is selected from the group consisting of C,-Cfi-alkyl, optionally substituted by further functional groups. The acidic compounds can be mineral acids, for example HCI, H2SO4, HNO3 or mixtures thereof, organic acids, for example carboxylic acids. As oxidant, it is possible to use, for example, H202, for example as a 30% strength by weight aqueous solution (Perhydrol).
Examples of surface-active compounds which can be used according to the invention are nonionic, anionic, cationic and/or zwitterionic surfactants.
In a preferred embodiment, the hydrophobic, solid surface to which the hydrophobic material to be separated off is bound is washed with an organic solvent, particularly preferably acetone, to separate the hydrophobic material from the hydrophobic, solid surface. This procedure can also be supported mechanically. In a preferred embodiment, the organic solvent or another abovementioned separation reagent is applied under pressure to the hydrophobic surface which is laden with the hydrophobic desired ore. In a further preferred embodiment, it is possible for ultrasound to be used, if appropriate additionally, to aid the separation.
In general, the organic solvent is used in an amount which is sufficient to detach preferably the entire amount of the hydrophobic metal compounds adhering to the hydrophobic surface from the latter. In a preferred embodiment, from 20 to 100 ml of the organic solvent are used per gram of mixture of hydrophobic and hydrophilic material to be beneficiated. According to the invention, preference is given to the hydrophobic, solid surface being treated with a plurality of relatively small portions, for example two portions, of the organic solvent, which together make up the abovementioned total amount.
According to the invention, the hydrophobic material to be separated off is present as a slurry or dispersion in the organic solvent mentioned. The hydrophobic material can be separated from the organic solvent by all methods known to those skilled in the art, for example decantation, filtration, distillation of the organic solvent or sedimentation of the solid constituents at the bottom of the vessel, after which the ore can be scooped off at the bottom. The hydrophobic material to be separated off, preferably the hydrophobic metal compound to be separated off, is preferably separated from the organic solvent by filtration. The hydrophobic material which can be obtained in this way can be purified by further methods known to those skilled in the art. The solvent can, if appropriate after purofication, be recirculated to the process of the invention.
In a further preferred embodiment, the hydrophobic, solid surface from which the hydrophobic material has been separated off in step (D) is dried. This drying can be effected by all methods known to those skilled in the art, for example by treatment at a temperature of, for example, from 30 to 100 C in an oven.
In a further preferred embodiment, the hydrophobic, solid surface, which has been dried if appropriate, is recirculated to the process of the invention, i.e.
reused in step (B) of the process of the invention. For example, when a conveyor belt is used, the process of the invention can be carried out with the conveyor belt being passed continuously through the slurry or dispersion to be treated, treated with a solvent to separate off the hydrophobic particles, dried and conveyed back into the bath to be treated. When recirculating the hydrophobic, solid surface, it is necessary according to the invention for this to have been freed completely of the separation reagent used.
The present invention also provides for the use of a solid, hydrophobic surface for separating at least one hydrophobic material, preferably a hydrophobic metal compound or coal, from a mixture comprising this at least one hydrophobic material and at least one hydrophilic material, preferably at least one hydrophilic metal compound.
As regards the solid, hydrophobic surface, the hydrophobic materials, the hydrophilic materials and the mixture comprising this at least one hydrophobic material and at least one hydrophilic material, what has been said in respect of the process of the invention applies.
Figures:
Figure 1 shows a particularly preferred embodiment of the process of the invention in which a continuous conveyor belt is used as hydrophobic solid surface. The reference numerals have the following meanings:
Combinations of these embodiments are possible.
In the process of the invention, it is possible to use all solid, hydrophobic surfaces which are suitable for binding at least part of the hydrophobic material present in the mixture to be treated to this. The hydrophobic material is bound to the solid, hydrophobic surface by means of hydrophobic interactions.
In a preferred embodiment, the solid, hydrophobic surface is the interior wall of a tube, the surface of a plate, the fixed or movable surface of a conveyor belt, the interior wall of a reactor, the surface of three-dimensional bodies which are added to the slurry or, dispersion. The solid, hydrophobic surface is particularly preferably the interior wall of a reactor or the fixed or movable hydrophobic surface of a conveyor belt having fibrous, micro-3D structures on the surface.
According to the invention, it is possible to use a solid, hydrophobic surface which is made intrinsically hydrophobic by the material which forms the solid, hydrophobic surface. However, it is also possible, according to the invention, for surfaces which are not intrinsically hydrophobic to be hydrophobicized by application of at least one hydrophobic layer.
In a preferred embodiment, a solid surface composed of metal, plastic, glass, wood or metal alloys is hydrophobicized by application of a hydrophobic compound which may, if appropriate, be surface-coated with suitable substances. This surface comprising hydrophobic compounds is, in an embodiment of the process of the invention, sufficiently hydrophobic in itself to be used in the process of the invention.
The application of the hydrophobic layer can, for example, be effected by vapor deposition.
According to the invention, all hydrophobic materials which are known to those skilled in the art and are suitable for forming an appropriate hydrophobic layer can be used for forming this hydrophobic layer. A hydrophobic layer is a layer which has no polar groups and therefore has a water-repellent character.
Examples of suitable compounds are bifunctional compounds which adhere via one functional group to the solid surface by means of a covalent or coordinate bond and adhere via the other hydrophobic functional group to the desired ore by means of a covalent or coordinate bond. Examples of groups via which bonding to the inorganic compound occurs are the carboxyl group -COOH, the phosphonic acid group -P03H2, the trihalosilyl group -SiHa13 where the radicals Hal are each, independently of one another, F, Cl, Br, I, the trialkoxysilyl group -Si(OR5)3 where the radicals R5 are each, independently of one another, C,-C1z-alkyl and/or C2-C12-alkenyl.
Examples of groups via which bonding to the desired ore is effected are branched or unbranched C,-C20-alkyl groups, C5-C20-aryl groups and heteroaryl groups, compounds of the general formula (III) -[CH2]n-X-C(=X)-X-R' (III) where n is from 1 to 25, the radicals X are each, independently of one another, S or 0, and R6 is a branched or unbranched C,-C,o-alkyl radical, ammonium, a monovalent metal cation, for example an alkali metal cation.
If R6 is ammonium or a monovalent metal cation, an ionic compound (III) in which the radical -[CH2],-X-C(=X)-X' is singly negatively charged on the terminal X, with this charge being balanced by ammonium or the monovalent metal cation, is present.
Bonding to the desired ore preferably occurs via a group of the general formula (Illa) -[CH2J.-S-C(=S)-O-R6 (Illa) where n is from 2 to 20 and R 6 is a branched or unbranched C,-C5-alkyl radical.
In a further preferred embodiment, the solid, hydrophobic surface is the surface of a continuous conveyor belt which is moved through the slurry or dispersion comprising the mixture to be treated. The surface of the conveyor belt can, in a preferred embodiment, be increased by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example by applying a three-dimensional structure to the conveyor belt. An example of such a three-dimensional structure is fibres which are applied to the surface of the conveyor belt. The conveyor belt can be made of all suitable materials known to those skilled in the art, for example polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate, metallic materials such as aluminum, multicomponent materials such as aluminum alloys. The fibers can likewise be composed of all suitable materials known to those skilled in the art.
Step (C):
807/04,06PC CA 02693902 2010-01-15 Step (C) of the process of the invention comprises removal of the at least one solid, hydrophobic surface to which the at least one hydrophobic material, preferably the at least one hydrophobic metal compound, is bound from step (B) from the slurry or dispersion in which the at least one hydrophilic material is comprised.
After contacting of the slurry or dispersion from step (A) with at least one solid, hydrophobic surface (B), the hydrophobic material to be separated off, preferably the hydrophobic metal compound to be separated off, is at least partly bound to the hydrophobic, solid surface. However, the hydrophilic material which is present in the mixture to be treated remains in the slurry or dispersion since this does not bind to the hydrophobic surface. It is thus possible to reduce the concentration of hydrophobic materials in the mixture to be treated by removal of these compounds with the hydrophobic surface.
The removal of the laden, hydrophobic, solid surface can be effected by all methods known to those skilled in the art. For example, a plate having the hydrophobic, solid surface can be lifted out of a bath comprising the slurry or dispersion.
Furthermore, it is possible according to the invention for the hydrophobic, solid surface to be located on a conveyor belt which moves through the slurry or dispersion. If the hydrophobic, solid surface is located on the inside of a tube or a reactor, the slurry or dispersion is, in a preferred embodiment, passed through the reactor or through the tube. The removal of the solid, hydrophobic surface thus occurs as a result of the slurry or dispersion being conveyed past this surface. According to the invention, it is also possible, when the hydrophobic, solid surface is the interior wall of a reactor, for removal of this hydrophobic, solid surface to be achieved by the slurry or dispersion to be treated being drained from the reactor.
Step (D):
Step (D) comprises separation of the at least one hydrophobic material, preferably the at least one hydrophobic metal compound, from the solid, hydrophobic surface.
After step (C), the hydrophobic, solid surface is at least partly laden with the hydrophobic material to be separated off from the reaction mixture to be treated. To obtain the hydrophilic material to be separated off, it is necessary according to the invention to separate this hydrophobic material from the hydrophobic, solid surface.
This separation can be effected by all methods known to those skilled in the art which are suitable for separating the hydrophobic material from said surface without either the hydrophobic material and/or the surface being adversely affected.
In a preferred embodiment, the separation in step (D) of the process of the invention is effected by treating the solid, hydrophobic surface with a substance selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, basic compounds, acidic compounds, oxidants, surface-active compounds and mixtures thereof.
Examples of suitable organic solvents are methanol, ethanol, propanol, for example n-propanol or isopropanol, aromatic solvents, for example benzene, toluene, xylenes, ethers, for example diethyl ether, methyl t-butyl ether, and mixtures thereof.
Examples of basic compounds which can be used according to the invention are aqueous 10 solutions of basic compounds, for example aqueous solutions of alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, for example KOH, NaOH, aqueous ammonia solutions, aqueous solutions of organic amines of the general formula R'3N, where R' is selected from the group consisting of C,-Cfi-alkyl, optionally substituted by further functional groups. The acidic compounds can be mineral acids, for example HCI, H2SO4, HNO3 or mixtures thereof, organic acids, for example carboxylic acids. As oxidant, it is possible to use, for example, H202, for example as a 30% strength by weight aqueous solution (Perhydrol).
Examples of surface-active compounds which can be used according to the invention are nonionic, anionic, cationic and/or zwitterionic surfactants.
In a preferred embodiment, the hydrophobic, solid surface to which the hydrophobic material to be separated off is bound is washed with an organic solvent, particularly preferably acetone, to separate the hydrophobic material from the hydrophobic, solid surface. This procedure can also be supported mechanically. In a preferred embodiment, the organic solvent or another abovementioned separation reagent is applied under pressure to the hydrophobic surface which is laden with the hydrophobic desired ore. In a further preferred embodiment, it is possible for ultrasound to be used, if appropriate additionally, to aid the separation.
In general, the organic solvent is used in an amount which is sufficient to detach preferably the entire amount of the hydrophobic metal compounds adhering to the hydrophobic surface from the latter. In a preferred embodiment, from 20 to 100 ml of the organic solvent are used per gram of mixture of hydrophobic and hydrophilic material to be beneficiated. According to the invention, preference is given to the hydrophobic, solid surface being treated with a plurality of relatively small portions, for example two portions, of the organic solvent, which together make up the abovementioned total amount.
According to the invention, the hydrophobic material to be separated off is present as a slurry or dispersion in the organic solvent mentioned. The hydrophobic material can be separated from the organic solvent by all methods known to those skilled in the art, for example decantation, filtration, distillation of the organic solvent or sedimentation of the solid constituents at the bottom of the vessel, after which the ore can be scooped off at the bottom. The hydrophobic material to be separated off, preferably the hydrophobic metal compound to be separated off, is preferably separated from the organic solvent by filtration. The hydrophobic material which can be obtained in this way can be purified by further methods known to those skilled in the art. The solvent can, if appropriate after purofication, be recirculated to the process of the invention.
In a further preferred embodiment, the hydrophobic, solid surface from which the hydrophobic material has been separated off in step (D) is dried. This drying can be effected by all methods known to those skilled in the art, for example by treatment at a temperature of, for example, from 30 to 100 C in an oven.
In a further preferred embodiment, the hydrophobic, solid surface, which has been dried if appropriate, is recirculated to the process of the invention, i.e.
reused in step (B) of the process of the invention. For example, when a conveyor belt is used, the process of the invention can be carried out with the conveyor belt being passed continuously through the slurry or dispersion to be treated, treated with a solvent to separate off the hydrophobic particles, dried and conveyed back into the bath to be treated. When recirculating the hydrophobic, solid surface, it is necessary according to the invention for this to have been freed completely of the separation reagent used.
The present invention also provides for the use of a solid, hydrophobic surface for separating at least one hydrophobic material, preferably a hydrophobic metal compound or coal, from a mixture comprising this at least one hydrophobic material and at least one hydrophilic material, preferably at least one hydrophilic metal compound.
As regards the solid, hydrophobic surface, the hydrophobic materials, the hydrophilic materials and the mixture comprising this at least one hydrophobic material and at least one hydrophilic material, what has been said in respect of the process of the invention applies.
Figures:
Figure 1 shows a particularly preferred embodiment of the process of the invention in which a continuous conveyor belt is used as hydrophobic solid surface. The reference numerals have the following meanings:
1 mixture to be separated comprising at least one hydrophobic material and at least one hydrophilic material 2 hydrophobic conveyor belt having a structured surface 3 hydrophobic conveyor belt with adhering hydrophobic material 4 separation agent, for example organic solvent Figure 2 shows an enlargement of a section of a conveyor belt in the mixture of at least one hydrophobic material and at least one hydrophilic material, with the following meaning 5 structures on the belt surface Example:
A 100 ml glass beaker is coated with hydrophobicized magnetite (surface-coated with 1-dodecyltrichlorosilane, with 1 nm2 of magnetite surface being laden with about 10-50 molecules of trichlorosilane; diameter of the magnetite particles = 10 nm) so that an area of the walls of about 40 cm2 is hydrophobicized. 50 ml of water, 0.05 g of dodecylamine (98% pure; Alfa Aesar), 0.50 g of CuzS, stirred with 1.7% by weight of octylphosphonic acid, and 0.50 g of sea sand, which consists of 100% of Si02 and has been cleaned by means of hydrochloric acid and stirred with 1.7% by weight of octyiphosphonic acid, are introduced into the glass beaker which has been coated in this way. The mixture is stirred at 400 rpm for 2 hours, the water is subsequently carefully removed by means of suction and the contents of the glass beaker are carefully dried. The sand sitting on the bottom is taken out and recovered (0.46 g).
ml of acetone are subsequently introduced into the glass beaker and the mixture is stirred vigorously for 5 minutes. The acetone phase is subsequently decanted off and transferred to a second glass beaker. This procedure is repeated a second time.
Filtration gives 0.38 g of CuzS.
The amount of Cu2S recovered corresponds to a relative amount of 76%.
A 100 ml glass beaker is coated with hydrophobicized magnetite (surface-coated with 1-dodecyltrichlorosilane, with 1 nm2 of magnetite surface being laden with about 10-50 molecules of trichlorosilane; diameter of the magnetite particles = 10 nm) so that an area of the walls of about 40 cm2 is hydrophobicized. 50 ml of water, 0.05 g of dodecylamine (98% pure; Alfa Aesar), 0.50 g of CuzS, stirred with 1.7% by weight of octylphosphonic acid, and 0.50 g of sea sand, which consists of 100% of Si02 and has been cleaned by means of hydrochloric acid and stirred with 1.7% by weight of octyiphosphonic acid, are introduced into the glass beaker which has been coated in this way. The mixture is stirred at 400 rpm for 2 hours, the water is subsequently carefully removed by means of suction and the contents of the glass beaker are carefully dried. The sand sitting on the bottom is taken out and recovered (0.46 g).
ml of acetone are subsequently introduced into the glass beaker and the mixture is stirred vigorously for 5 minutes. The acetone phase is subsequently decanted off and transferred to a second glass beaker. This procedure is repeated a second time.
Filtration gives 0.38 g of CuzS.
The amount of Cu2S recovered corresponds to a relative amount of 76%.
Claims (11)
1. A process for separating at least one hydrophobic material from a mixture comprising this at least one hydrophobic material and at least one hydrophilic material, which comprises the steps:
(A) preparation of a slurry or dispersion of the mixture to be treated in at least one suitable dispersion medium, (B) contacting of the slurry or dispersion from step (A) with at least one solid, hydrophobic surface to bind the at least one hydrophobic material to be separated off to this, wherein the solid hydrophobic surface is the interior wall of a tube, the surface of a plate, the surface of a conveyor belt or the interior wall of a reactor, (C) removal of the at least one solid, hydrophobic surface to which the at least one hydrophobic material is bound from step (B) from the slurry or dispersion in which the at least one hydrophilic material is comprised and (D) separation of the at least one hydrophobic material from the solid, hydrophobic surface.
(A) preparation of a slurry or dispersion of the mixture to be treated in at least one suitable dispersion medium, (B) contacting of the slurry or dispersion from step (A) with at least one solid, hydrophobic surface to bind the at least one hydrophobic material to be separated off to this, wherein the solid hydrophobic surface is the interior wall of a tube, the surface of a plate, the surface of a conveyor belt or the interior wall of a reactor, (C) removal of the at least one solid, hydrophobic surface to which the at least one hydrophobic material is bound from step (B) from the slurry or dispersion in which the at least one hydrophilic material is comprised and (D) separation of the at least one hydrophobic material from the solid, hydrophobic surface.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the at least one hydrophobic material is at least one hydrophobic metal compound or coal and the at least one hydrophilic material is at least one hydrophilic metal compound.
3. The process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one hydrophobic material present in the mixture is hydrophobicized by means of at least one substance before step (B).
4. The process according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the at least one hydrophobic metal compound is selected from the group consisting of sulfide ores.
5. The process according to any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the at least one hydrophilic metal compound is selected from the group consisting of oxidic metal compounds.
6. The process according to claim 4, wherein the sulfide ores are selected from the group of copper ores consisting of chalcopyrite CuFeS2, bornite Cu5FeS4, chalcocite Cu2S and mixtures thereof.
7. The process according to claim 5, wherein the oxidic metal compounds are selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide SiO2, feldspars, mica and mixtures thereof.
8. The process according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the dispersion medium in step (A) is water.
9. The process according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the separation in step (D) is effected by treating the solid hydrophobic surface with a substance selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, basic compounds, acidic compounds, oxidants, surface-active compounds and mixtures thereof.
10. The process according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the solid, hydrophobic surface is, after step (D), recirculated to step (B).
11. The use of a solid, hydrophobic surface for separating at least one hydrophobic material from a mixture comprising this at least one hydrophobic material and at least one hydrophilic material, wherein the solid hydrophobic surface is the interior wall of a tube, the surface of a plate, the surface of a conveyor belt or the interior wall of a reactor.
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| EP2171106A1 (en) | 2010-04-07 |
| UA99623C2 (en) | 2012-09-10 |
| US20100200510A1 (en) | 2010-08-12 |
| PE20090667A1 (en) | 2009-07-04 |
| AR067567A1 (en) | 2009-10-14 |
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