CA2689550C - Distributing device for a fluidizable conveyed material - Google Patents
Distributing device for a fluidizable conveyed material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2689550C CA2689550C CA2689550A CA2689550A CA2689550C CA 2689550 C CA2689550 C CA 2689550C CA 2689550 A CA2689550 A CA 2689550A CA 2689550 A CA2689550 A CA 2689550A CA 2689550 C CA2689550 C CA 2689550C
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- conveying pipe
- distributing device
- gas stream
- conveyed material
- propellant gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G53/00—Conveying materials in bulk through troughs, pipes or tubes by floating the materials or by flow of gas, liquid or foam
- B65G53/34—Details
- B65G53/52—Adaptations of pipes or tubes
- B65G53/521—Adaptations of pipes or tubes means for preventing the accumulation or for removal of deposits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G53/00—Conveying materials in bulk through troughs, pipes or tubes by floating the materials or by flow of gas, liquid or foam
- B65G53/04—Conveying materials in bulk pneumatically through pipes or tubes; Air slides
- B65G53/16—Gas pressure systems operating with fluidisation of the materials
- B65G53/18—Gas pressure systems operating with fluidisation of the materials through a porous wall
- B65G53/20—Gas pressure systems operating with fluidisation of the materials through a porous wall of an air slide, e.g. a trough
Abstract
The distribution apparatus is designed to distribute fluidizable material to be conveyed (13) from a starting container (1) to a plurality of target containers (21, 22, 23, 24). The distribution apparatus comprises a conveyor pipe (3) which has an entry opening (12) for the material to be conveyed (13) and a plurality of exit openings (41, 42, 43, 44) for the material to be conveyed (13). Passage surfaces (51, 52, 53, 54, 55) are arranged in the conveyor pipe (3), through which surfaces a fluidization gas flow is introduced into the conveyor pipe (3). According to the invention, a propellant is supplied for the generation of a propellant flow along the conveyor pipe (3) in the conveying direction. The invention has the advantage that the material to be conveyed (13) is transported without being influenced by the gradient of the conveyor pipe (3) and that the energy consumption is small. Another advantage of the invention is that the fluidization gas flow and the propellant flow are also suitable to transport remains of the material to be conveyed out of the conveyor pipe (3). The conveyor pipe (3) can thus be cleaned by means of the fluidization gas flow and the propellant flow.
Description
Distributing device for a fluidizable conveyed material The invention relates to a distributing device for distributing a fluidizable conveyed material from a starting container to a plurality of destination containers. The distributing device comprises a conveying pipe having an intake opening for the conveyed material and a plurality of discharge openings for the conveyed material. In the conveying pipe there are arranged pass-through surfaces, through Which a fluidizing gas stream is introduced into the conveying pipe.
Distributing devices of this type can be used, for example, in the production of aluminium. The alumina which is necessary for the aluminium production must be fed from a central storage container to the individual electrolytic cells. According to the size of the production plant, the alumina supply system is divided into several levels, the destination containers of the higher levels respectively forming the starting containers of the following level. The distributing device according to the invention is particularly suitable for the last level, at which the alumina is distributed from an intermediate container to the receiving containers of the electrolytic cells.
A distributing device of this type is known, in which the fluidized conveyed material moves along the conveying pipe under the influence of gravity, WO
02/074670 Al. A drawback of this distributing device consists in the fact that the conveying pipe must have a constant gradient over the whole of its length. In many cases there are, however, spatial pre-specifications for the course of the conveying pipe, which make it difficult to meet the need for a constant gradient. This applies, in particular, where existing plants are to be retrofitted with a new distributing device.
So-called pneumatic distributing devices are also known.
In these distributing devices, the conveying pipe has a propellant gas stream passed through it, which is sufficiently fast that the conveyed material in the conveying pipe is taken up and entrained by the gas stream. In order for the conveyed material to be entrained by the propellant gas stream, the velocity of the propellant gas velocity must be at least 6 m/s to 7 m/s.
Although such a distributing device is versatile in its use and it is possible to transport the conveyed material counter to the force of gravity, the energy consumption is very high.
The object of the invention is to provide a distributing device of the type stated in the introduction, which has low energy consumption and is versatile in its use.
According to this, the distributing device comprises a propellant gas feed for generating a propellant gas stream along the direction of conveyance of the conveying pipe.
In one aspect, the invention provides a distributing device for distributing a fluidizable conveyed material from a starting container to a plurality of destination containers, comprising a conveying pipe having an intake opening for the conveyed material and a plurality of discharge openings for the conveyed material, and comprising pass-through surfaces, arranged in the conveying pipe, for a fluidizing gas stream, wherein a propellant gas feed is provided, for generating a propellant gas stream along the direction of conveyance of =
ak 02689550 2014-01-23 - 2a -the conveying pipe and wherein the propellant gas quantity supplied by the propellant gas feed is dimensioned such that the propellant gas stream through the conveying pipe has a velocity between 0.5 m/s and 1.5 m/s.
In one embodiment, the fluidizing gas stream and the propellant gas stream are dimensioned such that a transport of conveyed material remnants out of the conveying pipe is possible. In one embodiment, the discharge openings are arranged on the floor of the conveying pipe. In one embodiment, the cross-sectional area of at least one discharge opening is no more than 20%
smaller than the cross-sectional area of the conveying pipe. In one embodiment, the cross-sectional area of at least one discharge opening is no more than 10% smaller than the cross-sectional area of the conveying pipe. In one embodiment, the cross-sectional area of at least one discharge opening is no more than 5% smaller than the cross-sectional area of the conveying pipe. In one embodiment, the conveying pipe has a portion which rises in the direction of conveyance. In one embodiment, the device may comprise destination containers, and wherein a second destination container is arranged behind a first destination container in the direction of conveyance of the conveying pipe, and wherein the second destination container is arranged higher than the first destination container. In one embodiment, the destination containers are sealingly connected to the conveying pipe. In one embodiment, the device may comprise a starting container, and wherein the starting container is arranged above the intake opening. In one embodiment, the intake opening is freely traversable for conveyed material from the starting container. In one embodiment, in front of the intake ak 02689550 2014-01-23 =
- 2b -opening, conveyed material is arranged in such a way that the intake opening is sealed off. In one embodiment, a connecting pipe is arranged between the starting container and the intake opening.
In one embodiment, the connecting pipe has a length between 0.8 m and 3 m. In one embodiment, the connecting pipe has a length between 1.3 m and 2 m. In one embodiment, the pass-through surfaces are flat. In one embodiment, the propellant gas quantity supplied by the propellant gas feed is dimensioned such that the propellant gas stream through the conveying pipe has a velocity between 0.7 m/s and 1.0 m/s. In one embodiment, the specific fluidizing gas stream related to the pass-through surface ranges between 0.8 m3/(m2.min) and 1.8 m3/(m2-min). In one embodiment, the specific fluidizing gas stream related to the pass-through surface ranges between 1.3 m3/ (m2.min) and 1.6 m3/(m2-min).
To begin with, a few terms are explained. By fluidization is meant a process by which a material existing in granular form is transformed into a state in which it behaves similar to a liquid. In the original state, the particles of the granular material lie one on top of the other under the influence of gravity. The friction between the particles is so great that a considerable force is necessary to move them relative to one another. For the fluidization, a gas stream is passed from below through the granular material, so that the gas stream counters the influence of gravity upon the particles. Given a suitably chosen fluidizing gas stream, the friction between the particles is so small that the granular material assumes the properties of a liquid. The granular material thus has the property, for example, of flowing along a gradient.
As fluidizable is termed any material which can be transformed into this state by a suitable fluidizing gas stream.
The pass-through surfaces arranged in the conveying pipe have the function of introducing the fluidizing gas stream into the conveyed material such that the conveyed material assumes the fluidized state. The pass-through surfaces are thus arranged beneath the conveyed material, so that the fluidizing gas stream can act on the conveyed material over a large area.
The conveyed material can be distributed from a starting container to a large number of destination containers. Plants are possible in which several hundred destination containers are assigned to one starting container. The destination containers, for their part, can in turn be starting containers for a subordinate distributing device. In this way, several levels of distributing devices can be arranged hierarchically one behind the other.
According to the invention, a propellant gas feed is provided, which is designed to generate a propellant gas stream along the direction of conveyance of the conveying pipe. The propellant gas feed is preferably arranged at the start of the conveying pipe, i.e. in front of the intake opening. The generated propellant gas stream is of such a size that the fluidized conveyed material moves through the conveying pipe in the direction of conveyance. At the end of the conveying pipe, i.e. behind the last discharge opening in the direction of conveyance, a waste air device can -4-.
be arranged, through which the propellant gas stream can be evacuated.
When the propellant gas stream enters into the fluidized conveyed material, the propellant gas stream mixes with the fluidizing gas stream. The fluidizing gas stream is deflected in the direction of conveyance, so that the propellant gas stream together with the fluidizing gas stream, as a combined gas stream, support the transport of the conveyed material along the conveying pipe.
The fact that the fluidized conveyed material is moved by the propellant gas stream or the combined gas stream in the direction of conveyance means that the distributing device according to the invention is independent of gravity. There is thus a greater freedom of choice with regard to the conveying track. The propellant gas stream has merely to be dimensioned such that the fluidized conveyed material, which is subjected to low internal friction, is conveyed. Even though the conveying pipe is fed, apart from the propellant gas stream, also a fluidizing gas stream, the gas consumption is considerably less than with a purely pneumatic distributing device.
Since the distributing device is independent of gravity, the conveyed material can also be transported when only a small amount of conveyed material is present in the conveying pipe. It is also possible to transport remnants of conveyed material out of the conveying pipe. The propellant gas stream can be used to clean the conveying pipe. According to the invention, this is possible, in particular, even in the case of horizontal and rising arrangement of the conveying pipe.
Since the propellant gas stream and the combined gas stream are forced along the conveying pipe, it is possible to deflect the small-radius conveying pipe without the transport thereby being stopped. A conveyed material which is moved solely under the influence of gravity stalls at deflections of this type. The distributing device according to the invention thus allows the path of conveyance to be designed more freely.
It has been shown that a transport of the conveyed material along the conveying pipe is also possible when the pass-through surfaces do not extend over the whole of the length of the conveying pipe. AS a result of the interaction of the fluidizing gas stream with the propellant gas stream, the transport is instead maintained, even when the conveying pipe has portions in which no fluidizing gas is supplied. Within the scope of the invention, it is therefore possible to arrange the discharge openings in the floor of the conveying pipe. Preferably, the discharge openings are arranged in those portions of the conveying pipe in which no pass-through surfaces are arranged. It has been shown that the combined gas stream of fluidizing gas and carrier gas transports the conveyed material such that a part of the conveyed material falls downwards through the discharge opening, whilst a part of the conveyed material is transported over the discharge opening along the conveying pipe. The fact that at each discharge opening a part of the conveyed material falls downwards, whilst a part is transported onward along the conveying pipe, results in the destination containers filling with conveyed material at different rates. The destination containers arranged at the start of the conveying pipe are filled earlier than the destination containers arranged at the end of the conveying pipe. This can be countered, for example, by the discharge openings having different cross sections or by the discharge openings being provided with valves, Generally, however, the different filling speed of the destination containers is tolerated. Once the first destination container is fully filled, no conveyed material can any longer fall into this destination container and the whole of the conveyed material is transported over this discharge opening along the conveying pipe. The distributing device is operated until such time as the last destination container is filled, and is then stopped. In order to determine the time to stop the distributing device, a fill level sensor can be provided for indicating the fill state of the last destination container. It is likewise possible to arrange fill level sensors in all destination containers.
That a part of the conveyed material falls through the discharge openings, whilst a part is transported over the discharge opening, applies even if the discharge opening extends over the entire width or almost the entire width of the conveying pipe. The discharge opening can thus have a cross section of the same size or almost the same size as the conveying pipe. It is considered advantageous if the cross-sectional area of the discharge opening is no more than 20%, preferably no more than 10%, further preferably no more than 5%
smaller than the cross-sectional area of the conveying pipe, Since the transport mechanism is independent of gravity, the conveying pipe can be configured such that it has a portion which rises in the direction of conveyance. The rise can be inclined by 100, preferably by 200, further preferably by 300, in relation to the horizontal.
The distributing device according to the invention can be constituted such that it comprises the destination containers in which the conveyed material discharged through the discharge openings is collected. If the conveying pipe has a rise, then a second destination container situated further to the rear in the direction of conveyance Can be arranged higher than a destination container situated further forward. Between the first and the second destination container, the conveyed material is conveyed counter to gravity. If the destination containers are arranged beneath the discharge openings, the conveyed material collects in the destination containers purely under the influence of gravity.
For an effective transport of the conveyed material, it must be ensured that the propellant gas stream and the combined gas stream move along the track predefined by the conveying pipe. The gas stream should not be able en route to escape from the conveying pipe. The destination containers are therefore preferably sealingly connected to the conveying pipe, so that an escape of the gas stream through the destination containers is not possible.
Furthermore, the starting container can also be regarded as a component part of the distributing device. The starting container is preferably arranged above the intake opening of the conveying pipe, so that the conveyed material moves into the conveying pipe purely under the influence of gravity. It is possible that, at the transition from the starting container to the intake opening, a lock chamber is provided.
Firstly, the lock chamber can ensure that the gas stream cannot escape from the conveying pipe out through the intake opening and the starting container.
Secondly, the lock chamber can ensure that only measured-off quantities of conveyed material can enter into the conveying pipe.
Such a lock chamber is not, however, necessary; it is instead possible within the scope of the invention for the transition from the starting container through the intake opening into the conveying pipe to be freely traversable for the conveyed material. Such quantity of conveyed material then passes out of the starting container into the conveying pipe that the conveying pipe, in the region below the intake opening, is filled with the conveyed material. The conveyed material is fluidized by the fluidizing gas stream and carried away from the region below the intake opening by the propellant gas stream. A freely traversable opening is advantageous, because the conveying pipe is then free from mechanically moved components, Through a freely traversable opening, a gas stream can also, in principle, escape, A resistance is offered against the gas stream, however, by the fact that it must penetrate the conveyed material arranged in front of the intake opening, This resistance is the greater, the longer the path is through the conveyed material and the smaller the area is over which the gas stream can be distributed within the conveyed material.
Preferably, so much conveyed material is arranged in front of the intake opening that the intake opening is sealed off. An, in this sense, adequate seal is proclaimed if only a small part of less than 10% of the gas stream in the conveying pipe is able to escape through the intake opening.
The starting container can be arranged in the immediate vicinity of the intake opening. The sealing of the gas stream is then taken care of by the conveyed material.
It is advantageous it a connecting pipe filled with conveyed material is arranged between the starting Container and the intake opening. The connecting pipe has a smaller cross-sectional area than the starting container, so that a greater resistance is offered against the gas stream. The connecting pipe can have the same cross-sectional area as the conveying pipe.
For an effective seal, the connecting pipe has a length between 0.8 m and 3 m, preferably between 1.3 m and 2 m.
Distributing devices of this type can be used, for example, in the production of aluminium. The alumina which is necessary for the aluminium production must be fed from a central storage container to the individual electrolytic cells. According to the size of the production plant, the alumina supply system is divided into several levels, the destination containers of the higher levels respectively forming the starting containers of the following level. The distributing device according to the invention is particularly suitable for the last level, at which the alumina is distributed from an intermediate container to the receiving containers of the electrolytic cells.
A distributing device of this type is known, in which the fluidized conveyed material moves along the conveying pipe under the influence of gravity, WO
02/074670 Al. A drawback of this distributing device consists in the fact that the conveying pipe must have a constant gradient over the whole of its length. In many cases there are, however, spatial pre-specifications for the course of the conveying pipe, which make it difficult to meet the need for a constant gradient. This applies, in particular, where existing plants are to be retrofitted with a new distributing device.
So-called pneumatic distributing devices are also known.
In these distributing devices, the conveying pipe has a propellant gas stream passed through it, which is sufficiently fast that the conveyed material in the conveying pipe is taken up and entrained by the gas stream. In order for the conveyed material to be entrained by the propellant gas stream, the velocity of the propellant gas velocity must be at least 6 m/s to 7 m/s.
Although such a distributing device is versatile in its use and it is possible to transport the conveyed material counter to the force of gravity, the energy consumption is very high.
The object of the invention is to provide a distributing device of the type stated in the introduction, which has low energy consumption and is versatile in its use.
According to this, the distributing device comprises a propellant gas feed for generating a propellant gas stream along the direction of conveyance of the conveying pipe.
In one aspect, the invention provides a distributing device for distributing a fluidizable conveyed material from a starting container to a plurality of destination containers, comprising a conveying pipe having an intake opening for the conveyed material and a plurality of discharge openings for the conveyed material, and comprising pass-through surfaces, arranged in the conveying pipe, for a fluidizing gas stream, wherein a propellant gas feed is provided, for generating a propellant gas stream along the direction of conveyance of =
ak 02689550 2014-01-23 - 2a -the conveying pipe and wherein the propellant gas quantity supplied by the propellant gas feed is dimensioned such that the propellant gas stream through the conveying pipe has a velocity between 0.5 m/s and 1.5 m/s.
In one embodiment, the fluidizing gas stream and the propellant gas stream are dimensioned such that a transport of conveyed material remnants out of the conveying pipe is possible. In one embodiment, the discharge openings are arranged on the floor of the conveying pipe. In one embodiment, the cross-sectional area of at least one discharge opening is no more than 20%
smaller than the cross-sectional area of the conveying pipe. In one embodiment, the cross-sectional area of at least one discharge opening is no more than 10% smaller than the cross-sectional area of the conveying pipe. In one embodiment, the cross-sectional area of at least one discharge opening is no more than 5% smaller than the cross-sectional area of the conveying pipe. In one embodiment, the conveying pipe has a portion which rises in the direction of conveyance. In one embodiment, the device may comprise destination containers, and wherein a second destination container is arranged behind a first destination container in the direction of conveyance of the conveying pipe, and wherein the second destination container is arranged higher than the first destination container. In one embodiment, the destination containers are sealingly connected to the conveying pipe. In one embodiment, the device may comprise a starting container, and wherein the starting container is arranged above the intake opening. In one embodiment, the intake opening is freely traversable for conveyed material from the starting container. In one embodiment, in front of the intake ak 02689550 2014-01-23 =
- 2b -opening, conveyed material is arranged in such a way that the intake opening is sealed off. In one embodiment, a connecting pipe is arranged between the starting container and the intake opening.
In one embodiment, the connecting pipe has a length between 0.8 m and 3 m. In one embodiment, the connecting pipe has a length between 1.3 m and 2 m. In one embodiment, the pass-through surfaces are flat. In one embodiment, the propellant gas quantity supplied by the propellant gas feed is dimensioned such that the propellant gas stream through the conveying pipe has a velocity between 0.7 m/s and 1.0 m/s. In one embodiment, the specific fluidizing gas stream related to the pass-through surface ranges between 0.8 m3/(m2.min) and 1.8 m3/(m2-min). In one embodiment, the specific fluidizing gas stream related to the pass-through surface ranges between 1.3 m3/ (m2.min) and 1.6 m3/(m2-min).
To begin with, a few terms are explained. By fluidization is meant a process by which a material existing in granular form is transformed into a state in which it behaves similar to a liquid. In the original state, the particles of the granular material lie one on top of the other under the influence of gravity. The friction between the particles is so great that a considerable force is necessary to move them relative to one another. For the fluidization, a gas stream is passed from below through the granular material, so that the gas stream counters the influence of gravity upon the particles. Given a suitably chosen fluidizing gas stream, the friction between the particles is so small that the granular material assumes the properties of a liquid. The granular material thus has the property, for example, of flowing along a gradient.
As fluidizable is termed any material which can be transformed into this state by a suitable fluidizing gas stream.
The pass-through surfaces arranged in the conveying pipe have the function of introducing the fluidizing gas stream into the conveyed material such that the conveyed material assumes the fluidized state. The pass-through surfaces are thus arranged beneath the conveyed material, so that the fluidizing gas stream can act on the conveyed material over a large area.
The conveyed material can be distributed from a starting container to a large number of destination containers. Plants are possible in which several hundred destination containers are assigned to one starting container. The destination containers, for their part, can in turn be starting containers for a subordinate distributing device. In this way, several levels of distributing devices can be arranged hierarchically one behind the other.
According to the invention, a propellant gas feed is provided, which is designed to generate a propellant gas stream along the direction of conveyance of the conveying pipe. The propellant gas feed is preferably arranged at the start of the conveying pipe, i.e. in front of the intake opening. The generated propellant gas stream is of such a size that the fluidized conveyed material moves through the conveying pipe in the direction of conveyance. At the end of the conveying pipe, i.e. behind the last discharge opening in the direction of conveyance, a waste air device can -4-.
be arranged, through which the propellant gas stream can be evacuated.
When the propellant gas stream enters into the fluidized conveyed material, the propellant gas stream mixes with the fluidizing gas stream. The fluidizing gas stream is deflected in the direction of conveyance, so that the propellant gas stream together with the fluidizing gas stream, as a combined gas stream, support the transport of the conveyed material along the conveying pipe.
The fact that the fluidized conveyed material is moved by the propellant gas stream or the combined gas stream in the direction of conveyance means that the distributing device according to the invention is independent of gravity. There is thus a greater freedom of choice with regard to the conveying track. The propellant gas stream has merely to be dimensioned such that the fluidized conveyed material, which is subjected to low internal friction, is conveyed. Even though the conveying pipe is fed, apart from the propellant gas stream, also a fluidizing gas stream, the gas consumption is considerably less than with a purely pneumatic distributing device.
Since the distributing device is independent of gravity, the conveyed material can also be transported when only a small amount of conveyed material is present in the conveying pipe. It is also possible to transport remnants of conveyed material out of the conveying pipe. The propellant gas stream can be used to clean the conveying pipe. According to the invention, this is possible, in particular, even in the case of horizontal and rising arrangement of the conveying pipe.
Since the propellant gas stream and the combined gas stream are forced along the conveying pipe, it is possible to deflect the small-radius conveying pipe without the transport thereby being stopped. A conveyed material which is moved solely under the influence of gravity stalls at deflections of this type. The distributing device according to the invention thus allows the path of conveyance to be designed more freely.
It has been shown that a transport of the conveyed material along the conveying pipe is also possible when the pass-through surfaces do not extend over the whole of the length of the conveying pipe. AS a result of the interaction of the fluidizing gas stream with the propellant gas stream, the transport is instead maintained, even when the conveying pipe has portions in which no fluidizing gas is supplied. Within the scope of the invention, it is therefore possible to arrange the discharge openings in the floor of the conveying pipe. Preferably, the discharge openings are arranged in those portions of the conveying pipe in which no pass-through surfaces are arranged. It has been shown that the combined gas stream of fluidizing gas and carrier gas transports the conveyed material such that a part of the conveyed material falls downwards through the discharge opening, whilst a part of the conveyed material is transported over the discharge opening along the conveying pipe. The fact that at each discharge opening a part of the conveyed material falls downwards, whilst a part is transported onward along the conveying pipe, results in the destination containers filling with conveyed material at different rates. The destination containers arranged at the start of the conveying pipe are filled earlier than the destination containers arranged at the end of the conveying pipe. This can be countered, for example, by the discharge openings having different cross sections or by the discharge openings being provided with valves, Generally, however, the different filling speed of the destination containers is tolerated. Once the first destination container is fully filled, no conveyed material can any longer fall into this destination container and the whole of the conveyed material is transported over this discharge opening along the conveying pipe. The distributing device is operated until such time as the last destination container is filled, and is then stopped. In order to determine the time to stop the distributing device, a fill level sensor can be provided for indicating the fill state of the last destination container. It is likewise possible to arrange fill level sensors in all destination containers.
That a part of the conveyed material falls through the discharge openings, whilst a part is transported over the discharge opening, applies even if the discharge opening extends over the entire width or almost the entire width of the conveying pipe. The discharge opening can thus have a cross section of the same size or almost the same size as the conveying pipe. It is considered advantageous if the cross-sectional area of the discharge opening is no more than 20%, preferably no more than 10%, further preferably no more than 5%
smaller than the cross-sectional area of the conveying pipe, Since the transport mechanism is independent of gravity, the conveying pipe can be configured such that it has a portion which rises in the direction of conveyance. The rise can be inclined by 100, preferably by 200, further preferably by 300, in relation to the horizontal.
The distributing device according to the invention can be constituted such that it comprises the destination containers in which the conveyed material discharged through the discharge openings is collected. If the conveying pipe has a rise, then a second destination container situated further to the rear in the direction of conveyance Can be arranged higher than a destination container situated further forward. Between the first and the second destination container, the conveyed material is conveyed counter to gravity. If the destination containers are arranged beneath the discharge openings, the conveyed material collects in the destination containers purely under the influence of gravity.
For an effective transport of the conveyed material, it must be ensured that the propellant gas stream and the combined gas stream move along the track predefined by the conveying pipe. The gas stream should not be able en route to escape from the conveying pipe. The destination containers are therefore preferably sealingly connected to the conveying pipe, so that an escape of the gas stream through the destination containers is not possible.
Furthermore, the starting container can also be regarded as a component part of the distributing device. The starting container is preferably arranged above the intake opening of the conveying pipe, so that the conveyed material moves into the conveying pipe purely under the influence of gravity. It is possible that, at the transition from the starting container to the intake opening, a lock chamber is provided.
Firstly, the lock chamber can ensure that the gas stream cannot escape from the conveying pipe out through the intake opening and the starting container.
Secondly, the lock chamber can ensure that only measured-off quantities of conveyed material can enter into the conveying pipe.
Such a lock chamber is not, however, necessary; it is instead possible within the scope of the invention for the transition from the starting container through the intake opening into the conveying pipe to be freely traversable for the conveyed material. Such quantity of conveyed material then passes out of the starting container into the conveying pipe that the conveying pipe, in the region below the intake opening, is filled with the conveyed material. The conveyed material is fluidized by the fluidizing gas stream and carried away from the region below the intake opening by the propellant gas stream. A freely traversable opening is advantageous, because the conveying pipe is then free from mechanically moved components, Through a freely traversable opening, a gas stream can also, in principle, escape, A resistance is offered against the gas stream, however, by the fact that it must penetrate the conveyed material arranged in front of the intake opening, This resistance is the greater, the longer the path is through the conveyed material and the smaller the area is over which the gas stream can be distributed within the conveyed material.
Preferably, so much conveyed material is arranged in front of the intake opening that the intake opening is sealed off. An, in this sense, adequate seal is proclaimed if only a small part of less than 10% of the gas stream in the conveying pipe is able to escape through the intake opening.
The starting container can be arranged in the immediate vicinity of the intake opening. The sealing of the gas stream is then taken care of by the conveyed material.
It is advantageous it a connecting pipe filled with conveyed material is arranged between the starting Container and the intake opening. The connecting pipe has a smaller cross-sectional area than the starting container, so that a greater resistance is offered against the gas stream. The connecting pipe can have the same cross-sectional area as the conveying pipe.
For an effective seal, the connecting pipe has a length between 0.8 m and 3 m, preferably between 1.3 m and 2 m.
A transport of the conveyed material along the conveying pipe only takes place when a pressure difference exists between the start of the conveying pipe and the end of the conveying pipe. It is desirable to operate the distributing device with a smallest possible pressure difference. The sealing of the starting container and of the destination containers enables the distributing device to be operated with a pressure difference between the start of the conveying pipe and the end of the conveying pipe of no more than 0.2 bar, preferably no more than 0,1 bar.
The cross section of the conveying pipe can have an optional shape, for example square or rectangular. In a preferred embodiment, the conveying pipe is round in cross section. The pass-through surfaces are arranged in the lower half of the pipe such that they divide the pipe into two segments in cross section. Through the lower segment, the fluidizing gas is introduced into the conveying pipe and distributed amongst the pass-through surfaces. The fluidizing gas can enter over a large area through the pass-through openings into the upper segment of the conveying pipe and can fluidize the conveyed material in this segment. The conveyed material is transported through the upper segment along the conveying pipe.
The pass-through surfaces separating the two segments can be of flat configuration, which promotes the even distribution of the fluidizing gas. Furthermore, the pass-through surfaces are configured such that they offer as little resistance as possible to the fluidizing gas, but such that the conveyed material can nevertheless not fall through the pass-through surfaces.
Since, in the distributing device according to the invention, the fluidizing gas moves together with the conveyed material through the conveying pipe, the diameter of the conveying pipe can be smaller than in known distributing devices. In these, it is namely always assumed that, above the space necessary for the conveyed material, further space must be present, through which the fluidizing gas can be evacuated.
In an advantageous embodiment, the propellant gas feed is designed such that the propellant gas stream through the conveying pipe has a velocity between 0.5 m/s and 1,5 m/s, preferably a velocity between 0.7 m/s and 1.0 m/s. The data regarding the propellant gas stream relate to that portion of the conveying pipe in which the propellant gas is not yet mixed with the fluidizing gas, The conveyed material moves through the conveying pipe with a velocity which is slightly less than the velocity of the propellant gas stream. At this propellant gas velocity, up to 12 t/h of conveyed material can be transported in a conveying pipe of 10 cm diameter.
The fluidizing gas stream which is necessary to fluidize the conveyed material is generally quoted as the specific fluidizing gas stream related to the pass-through surface. Within the scope of the invention, this fluidizing gas stream can range between 0.8 m3/(m2.min) and 1.8 m3/(m2,mia), preferably between 1.3 m3/(m2.min) and 1.6 ml/(m2.min). The propellant gas quantity fed to the conveying pipe is independent of the actual length of the conveying pipe. The fluidizing gas quantity, by contrast, becomes larger the greater the length of the conveying pipe, since in a longer conveying pipe more pass-through surfaces are necessary.
The invention is described below, by way of example, on the basis of an advantageous embodiment with reference to the appended drawings, wherein!
The cross section of the conveying pipe can have an optional shape, for example square or rectangular. In a preferred embodiment, the conveying pipe is round in cross section. The pass-through surfaces are arranged in the lower half of the pipe such that they divide the pipe into two segments in cross section. Through the lower segment, the fluidizing gas is introduced into the conveying pipe and distributed amongst the pass-through surfaces. The fluidizing gas can enter over a large area through the pass-through openings into the upper segment of the conveying pipe and can fluidize the conveyed material in this segment. The conveyed material is transported through the upper segment along the conveying pipe.
The pass-through surfaces separating the two segments can be of flat configuration, which promotes the even distribution of the fluidizing gas. Furthermore, the pass-through surfaces are configured such that they offer as little resistance as possible to the fluidizing gas, but such that the conveyed material can nevertheless not fall through the pass-through surfaces.
Since, in the distributing device according to the invention, the fluidizing gas moves together with the conveyed material through the conveying pipe, the diameter of the conveying pipe can be smaller than in known distributing devices. In these, it is namely always assumed that, above the space necessary for the conveyed material, further space must be present, through which the fluidizing gas can be evacuated.
In an advantageous embodiment, the propellant gas feed is designed such that the propellant gas stream through the conveying pipe has a velocity between 0.5 m/s and 1,5 m/s, preferably a velocity between 0.7 m/s and 1.0 m/s. The data regarding the propellant gas stream relate to that portion of the conveying pipe in which the propellant gas is not yet mixed with the fluidizing gas, The conveyed material moves through the conveying pipe with a velocity which is slightly less than the velocity of the propellant gas stream. At this propellant gas velocity, up to 12 t/h of conveyed material can be transported in a conveying pipe of 10 cm diameter.
The fluidizing gas stream which is necessary to fluidize the conveyed material is generally quoted as the specific fluidizing gas stream related to the pass-through surface. Within the scope of the invention, this fluidizing gas stream can range between 0.8 m3/(m2.min) and 1.8 m3/(m2,mia), preferably between 1.3 m3/(m2.min) and 1.6 ml/(m2.min). The propellant gas quantity fed to the conveying pipe is independent of the actual length of the conveying pipe. The fluidizing gas quantity, by contrast, becomes larger the greater the length of the conveying pipe, since in a longer conveying pipe more pass-through surfaces are necessary.
The invention is described below, by way of example, on the basis of an advantageous embodiment with reference to the appended drawings, wherein!
Fig. 1: shows a schematic representation of a distributing device according to the invention;
Fig, 2: shows a cross section through Fig, 1 along the line A-A;
Fig, 3: shows an enlarged detail from Fig, 1.
An inventive distributing device in Fig. 1 is designed to distribute a conveyed material from a starting container 1 to a plurality of destination containers 21, 22, 23, 24. In the illustrative embodiment, only four destination containers 21, 22, 23, 24 are shown, whereas in real distributing devices several hundred destination containers can be present. The connection between the starting container 1 and the destination containers 21, 22, 23, 24 creates a conveying pipe 3.
The conveying pipe 3 is made up of a plurality of pipe segments 31, 32, 33, 341 35. The conveying pipe 3 additionally comprises discharge openings 41, 42, 43, 44 arranged in T-pieces, each discharge opening 41, 42, 43, 44 being arranged above a destination container 21, 22, 23, 24. Under the influence of gravity, conveyed material can fall out of the conveying pipe 3 through the discharge openings 41, 42, 43, 44 into the destination containers 21, 22, 23, 24.
In the lower half of the pipe segments 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, pass-through openings 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 are arranged, In the region of the discharge openings 41, 42, 43, 44, the conveying pipe 3 is free from pass-through surfaces 51, 52, 53, 54, 55. As Fig. 2 shows from the example of the pass-through surface 51, the pass-through surfaces 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 divide the pipe 3 into an upper segment 61 and a lower segment 62.
To the lower segment 62, fluidizing gas is fed through a line 7. The fluidizing gas is distributed in the pipe segment 62 below the pass-through surface 51 and generates a fluidizing gas stream, which enters through the pass-through surface 51 into the pipe segment 61.
Conveyed material present in the pipe segment 61 and resting on the pass-through surface 51 is fluidized by the fluidizing gas stream, which acts from below.
At the start of the conveying pipe 3, a propellant gas feed 8 is arranged, by which a propellant gas stream is generated along the direction of conveyance of the conveying pipe 3. The transport of the fluidized conveyed material is set in train by the propellant gas stream and the fluidizing gas stream is deflected, so that the conveyed material is transported by a combined gas stream along the conveying pipe 3. A part of the conveyed material falls through the discharge openings 41, 42, 43, 44 into the destination containers 21, 22, 23, 24, whilst a part of the conveyed material passes over the discharge openings 41, 42, 43, 44. The destination containers arranged at the start of the conveying pipe 3 thereby fill faster than the destination containers arranged at the end of the conveying pipe 3. Once all destination containers 21, 22, 23, 24 are filled, the conveyance of the conveyed material can be suspended, the propellant gas stream and the fluidizing gas stream can thus be switched off.
The switching on and off of the fluidizing gas stream and the propellant gas stream is served by valves 9, 10.
In order for the propellant gas stream and the combined gas stream to effect a transport of the conveyed material, the gas streams must move along the conveying pipe 3. In order to prevent the gas streams from being able to escape from the conveying pipe 3 in another direction, the destination containers 21, 22, 23, 24 are therefore seal ingly connected to the discharge openings 41, 42, 43, 44.
Fig, 2: shows a cross section through Fig, 1 along the line A-A;
Fig, 3: shows an enlarged detail from Fig, 1.
An inventive distributing device in Fig. 1 is designed to distribute a conveyed material from a starting container 1 to a plurality of destination containers 21, 22, 23, 24. In the illustrative embodiment, only four destination containers 21, 22, 23, 24 are shown, whereas in real distributing devices several hundred destination containers can be present. The connection between the starting container 1 and the destination containers 21, 22, 23, 24 creates a conveying pipe 3.
The conveying pipe 3 is made up of a plurality of pipe segments 31, 32, 33, 341 35. The conveying pipe 3 additionally comprises discharge openings 41, 42, 43, 44 arranged in T-pieces, each discharge opening 41, 42, 43, 44 being arranged above a destination container 21, 22, 23, 24. Under the influence of gravity, conveyed material can fall out of the conveying pipe 3 through the discharge openings 41, 42, 43, 44 into the destination containers 21, 22, 23, 24.
In the lower half of the pipe segments 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, pass-through openings 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 are arranged, In the region of the discharge openings 41, 42, 43, 44, the conveying pipe 3 is free from pass-through surfaces 51, 52, 53, 54, 55. As Fig. 2 shows from the example of the pass-through surface 51, the pass-through surfaces 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 divide the pipe 3 into an upper segment 61 and a lower segment 62.
To the lower segment 62, fluidizing gas is fed through a line 7. The fluidizing gas is distributed in the pipe segment 62 below the pass-through surface 51 and generates a fluidizing gas stream, which enters through the pass-through surface 51 into the pipe segment 61.
Conveyed material present in the pipe segment 61 and resting on the pass-through surface 51 is fluidized by the fluidizing gas stream, which acts from below.
At the start of the conveying pipe 3, a propellant gas feed 8 is arranged, by which a propellant gas stream is generated along the direction of conveyance of the conveying pipe 3. The transport of the fluidized conveyed material is set in train by the propellant gas stream and the fluidizing gas stream is deflected, so that the conveyed material is transported by a combined gas stream along the conveying pipe 3. A part of the conveyed material falls through the discharge openings 41, 42, 43, 44 into the destination containers 21, 22, 23, 24, whilst a part of the conveyed material passes over the discharge openings 41, 42, 43, 44. The destination containers arranged at the start of the conveying pipe 3 thereby fill faster than the destination containers arranged at the end of the conveying pipe 3. Once all destination containers 21, 22, 23, 24 are filled, the conveyance of the conveyed material can be suspended, the propellant gas stream and the fluidizing gas stream can thus be switched off.
The switching on and off of the fluidizing gas stream and the propellant gas stream is served by valves 9, 10.
In order for the propellant gas stream and the combined gas stream to effect a transport of the conveyed material, the gas streams must move along the conveying pipe 3. In order to prevent the gas streams from being able to escape from the conveying pipe 3 in another direction, the destination containers 21, 22, 23, 24 are therefore seal ingly connected to the discharge openings 41, 42, 43, 44.
The starting container 1 is connected by a connecting pipe 11 to the intake opening 12 of the conveying pipe 3. The connecting pipe 11 and the intake opening 12 are freely traversable, so that the conveyed material can fall out of the starting container 1 under the influence of gravity into the conveying pipe 3. When the distributing device is out of action, a build-up of non-fluidized conveyed material 13 forms, as shown in Fig. 3, in that region of the conveying pipe 3 which is arranged below the intake opening 12, 8y switching on the fluidizing gas stream, that part of the conveyed material which is present in the conveying pipe 3 is fluidized. The fluidized conveyed material is transported by the propellant gds stream along the conveying pipe 3, The column of conveyed material in the connecting pipe 11 seals off the conveying pipe 3 in the direction of the starting container 1, The propellant gas stream and the fluidizing gas stream cannot escape through the starting container 1, but are forced along the conveying pipe 3. At the end of the conveying pipe 3, the combined gas streams of fluidizing gas and propellant gas are evacuated by a waste air device 13.
The destination containers 21, 22, 23, 24 can, for their part, be starting containers for destination containers of a subordinate level. In this way, the distributing devices can be combined over several hierarchically arranged levels.
The destination containers 21, 22, 23, 24 can, for their part, be starting containers for destination containers of a subordinate level. In this way, the distributing devices can be combined over several hierarchically arranged levels.
Claims (19)
1. A distributing device for distributing a fluidizable conveyed material from a starting container to a plurality of destination containers, comprising a conveying pipe having an intake opening for the conveyed material and a plurality of discharge openings for the conveyed material, and comprising pass-through surfaces, arranged in the conveying pipe, for a fluidizing gas stream, wherein a propellant gas feed is provided, for generating a propellant gas stream along the direction of conveyance of the conveying pipe and wherein the propellant gas quantity supplied by the propellant gas feed is dimensioned such that the propellant gas stream through the conveying pipe has a velocity between 0.5 m/s and 1.5 m/s.
2. The distributing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluidizing gas stream and the propellant gas stream are dimensioned such that a transport of conveyed material remnants out of the conveying pipe is possible.
3. The distributing device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the discharge openings are arranged on the floor of the conveying pipe.
4. The distributing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cross-sectional area of at least one discharge opening is no more than 20% smaller than the cross-sectional area of the conveying pipe.
5. The distributing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cross-sectional area of at least one discharge opening is no more than 10% smaller than the cross-sectional area of the conveying pipe.
6. The distributing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cross-sectional area of at least one discharge opening is no more than 5% smaller than the cross-sectional area of the conveying pipe.
7. The distributing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the conveying pipe has a portion which rises in the direction of conveyance.
8. The distributing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, which comprises destination containers, and wherein a second destination container is arranged behind a first destination container in the direction of conveyance of the conveying pipe, and wherein the second destination container is arranged higher than the first destination container.
9. The distributing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the destination containers are sealingly connected to the conveying pipe.
10. The distributing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, which comprises a starting container, and wherein the starting container is arranged above the intake opening.
11. The distributing device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the intake opening is freely traversable for conveyed material from the starting container.
12. The distributing device as claimed in claim 11, wherein in front of the intake opening conveyed material is arranged in such a way that the intake opening is sealed off.
13. The distributing device as claimed in claim 12, wherein a connecting pipe is arranged between the starting container and the intake opening.
14. The distributing device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the connecting pipe has a length between 0.8 m and 3 m.
15. The distributing device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the connecting pipe has a length between 1.3 m and 2 m.
16. The distributing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the pass-through surfaces are flat.
17. The distributing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the propellant gas quantity supplied by the propellant gas feed is dimensioned such that the propellant gas stream through the conveying pipe has a velocity between 0.7 m/s and 1.0 m/s.
18. The distributing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the specific fluidizing gas stream related to the pass-through surface ranges between 0.8 m3/(m2.min) and 1.8 m3/(m2.min).
19. The distributing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the specific fluidizing gas stream related to the pass-through surface ranges between 1.3 m3/(m2.min) and 1.6 m3/(m2.min).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2007/004957 WO2008148406A1 (en) | 2007-06-04 | 2007-06-04 | Distribution apparatus for fluidizable material to be conveyed |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2689550A1 CA2689550A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
| CA2689550C true CA2689550C (en) | 2014-11-18 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2689550A Expired - Fee Related CA2689550C (en) | 2007-06-04 | 2007-06-04 | Distributing device for a fluidizable conveyed material |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2160344B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101715423B (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE524398T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2007354516B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2689550C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2008148406A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009014984A1 (en) | 2009-03-30 | 2010-10-14 | Coperion Gmbh | Pneumatic feeding system for supplying alumina to aluminum smelter from storage tank, has fluidizing gas pipe exhibiting passage-wall openings for passage of fluidizing gases and designed as continuous pipe in area of discharge pipes |
| FR2980783B1 (en) * | 2011-10-04 | 2016-05-13 | Rio Tinto Alcan Int Ltd | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DISTRIBUTING A FLUIDIZABLE MATERIAL, AND INSTALLATION INCLUDING SAID DEVICE |
| NO338642B1 (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2016-09-26 | Norsk Hydro As | Apparatus and method for feeding doses of fluidizable materials |
| CN106628926A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-05-10 | 圣地芬雷选煤工程技术（天津）有限公司 | Coal mixing system and coal mixing method |
| CN111103114B (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-08-03 | 江苏大学 | Agricultural material aerodynamic characteristic testing device and method |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2778393B1 (en) * | 1998-05-11 | 2000-06-16 | Pechiney Aluminium | PROCESS FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF POWDER MATERIALS IN A HYPERDENSE BED AND POTENTIAL FLUIDIZATION DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE SAME |
| NO315037B1 (en) | 2001-03-21 | 2003-06-30 | Norsk Hydro As | Method and system for distributing fluidizable materials |
| CN1196639C (en) * | 2002-11-29 | 2005-04-13 | 武汉凯迪电力股份有限公司 | Resistance adjustable gas distributing device for fluid material |
| US6764253B1 (en) * | 2003-02-14 | 2004-07-20 | The Young Industries, Inc. | System and method for assuring fluidization of a material transported in a pneumatic conveying system |
-
2007
- 2007-06-04 AU AU2007354516A patent/AU2007354516B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-06-04 AT AT07725825T patent/ATE524398T1/en active
- 2007-06-04 WO PCT/EP2007/004957 patent/WO2008148406A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-06-04 CA CA2689550A patent/CA2689550C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-06-04 EP EP07725825A patent/EP2160344B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-06-04 CN CN200780053204.XA patent/CN101715423B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101715423B (en) | 2014-02-26 |
| EP2160344A1 (en) | 2010-03-10 |
| CA2689550A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
| AU2007354516A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
| AU2007354516A2 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
| AU2007354516B2 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
| EP2160344B1 (en) | 2011-09-14 |
| CN101715423A (en) | 2010-05-26 |
| ATE524398T1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
| WO2008148406A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
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