CA2662403A1 - Mounting construction of the driving aggregates in machines with a motor driving - Google Patents
Mounting construction of the driving aggregates in machines with a motor driving Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2662403A1 CA2662403A1 CA2662403A CA2662403A CA2662403A1 CA 2662403 A1 CA2662403 A1 CA 2662403A1 CA 2662403 A CA2662403 A CA 2662403A CA 2662403 A CA2662403 A CA 2662403A CA 2662403 A1 CA2662403 A1 CA 2662403A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- driving
- vehicle
- aggregate
- levers
- elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K5/00—Arrangement or mounting of internal-combustion or jet-propulsion units
- B60K5/12—Arrangement of engine supports
- B60K5/1241—Link-type support
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
Abstract
This device consists of a frame (1), attached by tampons (2) to the carrying parts (16). The driving aggregate (17) is fixed to the frame (1) through connections (3). A torsion lever (15) is fixed to the driving aggregate (17), where two ends of the torsion lever is movably mounted upon solid rods (10) and (21) among the rotation points (9-11) and (20-22). The other end of the driving aggregates (17) is limited to its rotating movement downwards by a support (6), which is mounted to the carriage (16) end of the driving aggregate (17), levers (7) and (18) are fixed freely or by connections and at their opposite ends the levers are connected by connections (8) and (19) to powered elements (13) and (25) of the vehicle carriage. Levers (7) and (18) are fixed to movable elements (14) and (24) of vehicle suspension by rods (10) and (21). The rods on their turn are fixed to the movable elements (14) and (24) by joints (11) and (22), located at a distance to the respective ends (12) and (23) of the rods (10) and (21), so that the ends (12) and (23) overlap on the movable elements (14) and (24).
Description
MOUNTING CONSTRUCTION of the DRIVING
AGGREGATES in MACHINES with a MOTOR DRIVING
Field of technics The invention described below is in the field of motor industry.
It relates to the way the operating aggregates (engines, reduction gears and transmission mechanisms) are fixed in moving machines of all motor types, where the moving forces and their reactions affect the stability, controllability and passability of the vehicle whilst in motion.
Preceding state of technics The currently known , solution to fixing the operational aggregates in the construction of motor vehicles use forth, rear or centrally located engines with forth, rear or fourfold transmission. In all these cases the operational aggregates are fixed relatively mobile by means of soft connection (dampering tampons), which allow a certain range of angular and/or linear shifting of the operational mechanisms toward the carriage.
One of the solutions [1] known is where in an automobile with a self-carrying carriage the crosswise operational aggregate, the front and the rear axles are elastically connected. At the same time, the operational aggregate and the motive bridge form a junction; whilst the operational aggregate is connected through elastic connecting elements to a carrier, forming a junction with the non-motive bridge. The elements connecting the operational aggregate and the carrier are located in the lower part of the operational aggregate. The carriage is connected to the operational aggregate through elastic dampering elements located at the upper part of the operational aggregate. This allows for little respective movements into direct or vertical axis between the operational aggregate and the carriage.
However, all known methods for fixing allow the forces of the reactions formed against the motion to be partly transmitted into the same direction onto the entire vehicle, thus causing the whole compartment or the frame to incline forward, backward or to one side.
Technical essence of the invention The purpose of this invention is to fix the driving aggregates in machines with motor driving in such a way that not only minimizes or neutralizes the forces, which form during motion and acceleration against the moving forces, to prevent destabilization of the automobile; but also to become an actively operating pressure force directed towards the earth only and stabilizing the accelerating vehicle.
This is achieved through a method of fixing, where a randomly located (transverse or longitudinal) leading block and the carriage of the vehicle are connected through elastic (relatively mobile) soft connections.
The driving aggregate is the main transmission or any other combination between the main transmission, engine and gear box.
The assembly of driving aggregates is fixed to the carrying elements of the vehicle through joints to a carrying frame, fixed to the carriage elements through tampons, so that to allow for a rotary movement with a rotation centre coinciding or located very close to the rotation axle of the leading shafts of the vehicle. A pre-strained torsion is mounted to the leading block in the section where it rotates down to the road surface during its relatively rotating movement at acceleration. The torsion is mounted movably at its two ends through pressing upon two inflexible shoulders, fixed to movable elements of the suspension part, between the points of fixing of these shoulders to the movable elements of the suspension and the rotation points of the levers, turning opposite the direction of the reaction forces and transmitting the pressure force (directed towards the road surface) to the compartment.
The other end of the driving aggregate when moving backwards is limited in its movement downwards by a bearing, mounted between the driving aggregate and the carriage of the vehicle. Two levers are connected to the same end of the aggregate, which at their opposite ends are mounted through connection with horizontal freedom to hard elements of the carriage. The points of rotation of the two levers are secured to remain immovable in their space section towards the elements of the carriage of the vehicle by solid shoulders, fixed to movable elements of the suspension.
The solid shoulders are mounted to the movable elements of the suspension of the vehicle by joints, located at a distance before the respective ends of the solid shoulders, thus these ends overlap the body of the movable parts of the suspension elements and limit the rotation of the solid shoulder.
The advantages of the described solution rest with the fact that these mechanical lever's system transforms the forces of reaction which destabilize the vehicle into pressurizing and stabilizing forces, acting only towards the road surface and increasing the stability of the vehicle during acceleration of any size and sign.
AGGREGATES in MACHINES with a MOTOR DRIVING
Field of technics The invention described below is in the field of motor industry.
It relates to the way the operating aggregates (engines, reduction gears and transmission mechanisms) are fixed in moving machines of all motor types, where the moving forces and their reactions affect the stability, controllability and passability of the vehicle whilst in motion.
Preceding state of technics The currently known , solution to fixing the operational aggregates in the construction of motor vehicles use forth, rear or centrally located engines with forth, rear or fourfold transmission. In all these cases the operational aggregates are fixed relatively mobile by means of soft connection (dampering tampons), which allow a certain range of angular and/or linear shifting of the operational mechanisms toward the carriage.
One of the solutions [1] known is where in an automobile with a self-carrying carriage the crosswise operational aggregate, the front and the rear axles are elastically connected. At the same time, the operational aggregate and the motive bridge form a junction; whilst the operational aggregate is connected through elastic connecting elements to a carrier, forming a junction with the non-motive bridge. The elements connecting the operational aggregate and the carrier are located in the lower part of the operational aggregate. The carriage is connected to the operational aggregate through elastic dampering elements located at the upper part of the operational aggregate. This allows for little respective movements into direct or vertical axis between the operational aggregate and the carriage.
However, all known methods for fixing allow the forces of the reactions formed against the motion to be partly transmitted into the same direction onto the entire vehicle, thus causing the whole compartment or the frame to incline forward, backward or to one side.
Technical essence of the invention The purpose of this invention is to fix the driving aggregates in machines with motor driving in such a way that not only minimizes or neutralizes the forces, which form during motion and acceleration against the moving forces, to prevent destabilization of the automobile; but also to become an actively operating pressure force directed towards the earth only and stabilizing the accelerating vehicle.
This is achieved through a method of fixing, where a randomly located (transverse or longitudinal) leading block and the carriage of the vehicle are connected through elastic (relatively mobile) soft connections.
The driving aggregate is the main transmission or any other combination between the main transmission, engine and gear box.
The assembly of driving aggregates is fixed to the carrying elements of the vehicle through joints to a carrying frame, fixed to the carriage elements through tampons, so that to allow for a rotary movement with a rotation centre coinciding or located very close to the rotation axle of the leading shafts of the vehicle. A pre-strained torsion is mounted to the leading block in the section where it rotates down to the road surface during its relatively rotating movement at acceleration. The torsion is mounted movably at its two ends through pressing upon two inflexible shoulders, fixed to movable elements of the suspension part, between the points of fixing of these shoulders to the movable elements of the suspension and the rotation points of the levers, turning opposite the direction of the reaction forces and transmitting the pressure force (directed towards the road surface) to the compartment.
The other end of the driving aggregate when moving backwards is limited in its movement downwards by a bearing, mounted between the driving aggregate and the carriage of the vehicle. Two levers are connected to the same end of the aggregate, which at their opposite ends are mounted through connection with horizontal freedom to hard elements of the carriage. The points of rotation of the two levers are secured to remain immovable in their space section towards the elements of the carriage of the vehicle by solid shoulders, fixed to movable elements of the suspension.
The solid shoulders are mounted to the movable elements of the suspension of the vehicle by joints, located at a distance before the respective ends of the solid shoulders, thus these ends overlap the body of the movable parts of the suspension elements and limit the rotation of the solid shoulder.
The advantages of the described solution rest with the fact that these mechanical lever's system transforms the forces of reaction which destabilize the vehicle into pressurizing and stabilizing forces, acting only towards the road surface and increasing the stability of the vehicle during acceleration of any size and sign.
In this way, during acceleration the cohesion between the tires and the road surface increases temporarily, thus improving the starting and the acceleration period; the controllability and the stability during turns; decreasing the breaking distance and safety.
Description of the attached figures Figure 1 shows the fixture from the side.
Figure 2 shows the fixture from above.
Examples for realizing the invention A sample realization of the invention is illustrated at the figures which show a scenario where the driving assembly 17 is located at the rear bridge between the driving wheels.
The fixing is done by frame 1, stabilized through tampons 2 to solid elements 16 of the carriage of the vehicle. Fixing of the driving aggregate 17 to frame 1 is done by joint connections 3 and 26 so that the rotation centre 4 of the driving aggregate 17 is close to or coincides with the axle of rotation of the driving shafts 5.
A pre-strained torsion 15 is mounted to this part of the driving aggregate 17, which during the relatively rotating motion rotates towards the road surface. At its two ends the torsion is mounted movably, but through pressing upon the solid shoulders 10 and 21 between their rotation points 9 -11 and 20-22.
The other end of driving aggregate 17 is limited for rotating towards the road surface by a bearing 6, mounted between the driving aggregate and the carriage of the vehicle. At the same end of the aggregate 17 levers 7 and 18 are mounted with sliding connections 27 and 28. The levers 7 and 18 are fixed with connections 8 and 19 with horizontal freedom to power elements 13 and 25 of the carriage. Levers 7 and 18 are located at the opposite directions from the driving aggregate 17 to the side zones of the powered elements of the vehicle construction. The rotation centers 9 and 20 of the levers 7 and 18 are not connected to the compartment or the carriage. Their stability towards the elements of the carriage of the vehicle is secured respectively by the solid unbending shoulders 10 and 21, which are fixed to the carriers 14 and 24 with joints 11 and 22 located at a distance before the respective ends 12 and 23 of the solid shoulders 10 and 21, so that the ends 12 and 23 are overlapping at the respective movable elements of the suspension - carriers 14 and 24.
Practical implementation of the invention This invention can be applied to the existing vehicles --sport's, passengers, with high possibility (off road), special and other vehicles.
At minimal rotation tendency of the respective end of the driving aggregate 17 to the road surface, the torsion presses to the earth-the movable elements 14 and 24 with the solid shoulders 10 and 21 as a result of the excess pressure, thus temporarily increasing the cohesion of the tires with the road covering.
At the same time the other end of the driving aggregate 17 tends to lift as a result of the rotation tendency, thus putting tension over the ends 7 and 18 into upwards direction. At this stage the rotation centers 9 and 20 of the levers 7 and 18 remain steady towards the other elements of the vehicle' carriage due to the way the solid shoulders 10 and 21 operate, with heels 12 and 23 over mobile elements 14 and 24. This on its turn creates trend for shifting towards the road surface of the other ends of the levers at points 8 and 19 and thus create a pressure force upon the power elements 13 and 25 from the carriage, directed downwards to the road surface, which on its turn creates rotation of the entire compartment around the axle 4 of the leading shafts 5 so that the opposite bridge of the vehicle will also press to the earth and will increase the cohesion of the tires with the road surface. The operation of the mechanical construction described is based on the operation of the impulses, growing up temporarily at tendency for changing the speed (acceleration).
Thus, simultaneously with the process of acceleration, both bridges of the vehicle tend to move down temporarily or press the road surface - the engine bridge, respectively the driving wheels, due to the pressure from the torsion lever 15, the other bridge - due to the tendency for lowering caused by the pressure from levers 7 and 18.
In addition to this, whilst in motion on uneven surface or/and curved trajectory the driving aggregate 17 under the pressures arising between it and the torsion 15 transmits upon the entire compartment through its front bearing 6 longitudinal rotation momentum with centre - the rotation center 4 at the point of the bearing 3 of the driving aggregate17.
Such a method of fixing is applicable for the main transmission block and/or the differential in the cases when they are not fixed together in a joint body with the engine - for example, in vehicles where the engine is situated in one of the bridges and the driving wheels at the other bridge.
Literature: 1. FR 7717101 (DE 28 24 332)
Description of the attached figures Figure 1 shows the fixture from the side.
Figure 2 shows the fixture from above.
Examples for realizing the invention A sample realization of the invention is illustrated at the figures which show a scenario where the driving assembly 17 is located at the rear bridge between the driving wheels.
The fixing is done by frame 1, stabilized through tampons 2 to solid elements 16 of the carriage of the vehicle. Fixing of the driving aggregate 17 to frame 1 is done by joint connections 3 and 26 so that the rotation centre 4 of the driving aggregate 17 is close to or coincides with the axle of rotation of the driving shafts 5.
A pre-strained torsion 15 is mounted to this part of the driving aggregate 17, which during the relatively rotating motion rotates towards the road surface. At its two ends the torsion is mounted movably, but through pressing upon the solid shoulders 10 and 21 between their rotation points 9 -11 and 20-22.
The other end of driving aggregate 17 is limited for rotating towards the road surface by a bearing 6, mounted between the driving aggregate and the carriage of the vehicle. At the same end of the aggregate 17 levers 7 and 18 are mounted with sliding connections 27 and 28. The levers 7 and 18 are fixed with connections 8 and 19 with horizontal freedom to power elements 13 and 25 of the carriage. Levers 7 and 18 are located at the opposite directions from the driving aggregate 17 to the side zones of the powered elements of the vehicle construction. The rotation centers 9 and 20 of the levers 7 and 18 are not connected to the compartment or the carriage. Their stability towards the elements of the carriage of the vehicle is secured respectively by the solid unbending shoulders 10 and 21, which are fixed to the carriers 14 and 24 with joints 11 and 22 located at a distance before the respective ends 12 and 23 of the solid shoulders 10 and 21, so that the ends 12 and 23 are overlapping at the respective movable elements of the suspension - carriers 14 and 24.
Practical implementation of the invention This invention can be applied to the existing vehicles --sport's, passengers, with high possibility (off road), special and other vehicles.
At minimal rotation tendency of the respective end of the driving aggregate 17 to the road surface, the torsion presses to the earth-the movable elements 14 and 24 with the solid shoulders 10 and 21 as a result of the excess pressure, thus temporarily increasing the cohesion of the tires with the road covering.
At the same time the other end of the driving aggregate 17 tends to lift as a result of the rotation tendency, thus putting tension over the ends 7 and 18 into upwards direction. At this stage the rotation centers 9 and 20 of the levers 7 and 18 remain steady towards the other elements of the vehicle' carriage due to the way the solid shoulders 10 and 21 operate, with heels 12 and 23 over mobile elements 14 and 24. This on its turn creates trend for shifting towards the road surface of the other ends of the levers at points 8 and 19 and thus create a pressure force upon the power elements 13 and 25 from the carriage, directed downwards to the road surface, which on its turn creates rotation of the entire compartment around the axle 4 of the leading shafts 5 so that the opposite bridge of the vehicle will also press to the earth and will increase the cohesion of the tires with the road surface. The operation of the mechanical construction described is based on the operation of the impulses, growing up temporarily at tendency for changing the speed (acceleration).
Thus, simultaneously with the process of acceleration, both bridges of the vehicle tend to move down temporarily or press the road surface - the engine bridge, respectively the driving wheels, due to the pressure from the torsion lever 15, the other bridge - due to the tendency for lowering caused by the pressure from levers 7 and 18.
In addition to this, whilst in motion on uneven surface or/and curved trajectory the driving aggregate 17 under the pressures arising between it and the torsion 15 transmits upon the entire compartment through its front bearing 6 longitudinal rotation momentum with centre - the rotation center 4 at the point of the bearing 3 of the driving aggregate17.
Such a method of fixing is applicable for the main transmission block and/or the differential in the cases when they are not fixed together in a joint body with the engine - for example, in vehicles where the engine is situated in one of the bridges and the driving wheels at the other bridge.
Literature: 1. FR 7717101 (DE 28 24 332)
Claims (11)
1 1. Mounting construction of the driving aggregates in machines with a motor driving, where the driving aggregate (17) and the carriage parts of the vehicle are connected relatively movably by solid connection elements, characterized by the fact that it is put into practice through a power frame (1), fixed to the carrying elements (16) of the vehicle body by tampons (2), the driving aggregate (17) is fixed to the frame (1) through connections (3) so that the rotation centre (4) of the driving aggregate (17) to be close or to coincide with the rotation axle of the driving shafts (5), whilst a pre-strained torsion lever is mounted to the driving aggregate (17), at the section shifting downwards during the relatively rotating movement of the aggregate (17), and the torsion lever is mounted movably at its too ends upon solid rods (10) and (21) between their rotation points (9)-(11) and (20)-(22), the other end of the aggregate (17) is limited for its rotating movement downwards by a bearing (6), mounted to the carriage (16) of the vehicle, at the same end of the aggregate (17) levers (7) and (18) are fixed freely or by connections, that the such levers are fixed at their opposite ends by connections (8) and (19) to powered elements (13) and (25) of the carriage, the levers (7) and 18) at the points (9) and (20) are fixed to the movable elements (14) and (24) of the vehicle suspension by rods (10) and (21) through connections (11) and (22), located at a distance before the respective ends (12) and (23) of the rods (10) and (21), so that the ends (12) and (23) overlap the movable elements (14) and (24).
2. Mounting construction of the driving aggregates according to claim 1, characterized by the driving aggregate, which is connected to the vehicle's carriage by levers (7) and (18) having their rotation axles at the (9) and (20) points, which could be located outside the vehicle's construction in the free space, fixed by the solid shoulders (10) and (21).
3. Mounting construction of the driving aggregates according to claim 1, characterized by the rotation points (9) and (20) of the levers, which are steadily secured in their upwards direction towards the vehicle's construction by two other solid shoulders (10) and (21), connecting the rotation points (9) and (20) with the movable elements (14) and (24) of the vehicle suspension by joints (11) and (22) being stabilized at the (12) and (23) points of elements of vehicle suspension.
4. Mounting construction of the driving aggregates according to claim 1, characterized by the rods (10) and (21) and the levers (7) and (18) are being solid enough so that not to bend.
5. Mounting construction of the driving aggregates according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the driving aggregate (17) could be the main transmission or any other combination between the main transmission, engine and gear box.
6. Mounting construction of the driving aggregates according to claim 1, characterized by the end of the driving aggregate (17), which when trends to rotate towards the road surface, is connected by a torsion lever (15), which two ends are mounted movably upon the solid rods (10) and (21) between their rotation points (9-11) and (20-22).
7. Mounting construction of the driving aggregates according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the torsion lever (15) could also be the transverse stabilizer of the respective bridge of the vehicle.
8. Mounting construction of the driving aggregates according to claim 1, characterized by the torsion lever (15) could be constructed in two separate parts, operating independently without being connected to each other, but connected to driving aggregate and to suspension elements of the vehicle in the same way and could be jointly fixed in the standard manner to other elements of the vehicle's construction with an additional bending.
9. Mounting construction of the driving aggregates according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the levers (7) and (18) could be combined in one lever, located close to the longitudinal axle of the vehicle, where the respective solid rods (10) and (21) will be connected to each other at points (9) and (20) and would work as a single solid rod.
10. Mounting construction of the driving aggregates according to claim 1, characterized by the points of support (12) and (23) of the solid shoulders (10) and (21) could be connected to other elements of the vehicle suspension.
11. Mounting construction of the driving aggregates according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the rotation points (9) and (20) of the levers (7) and (18) could be mounted to the transverse stabilizer of the respective bridge of the vehicle.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BG109661A BG66229B1 (en) | 2006-09-07 | 2006-09-07 | Fastening of the driving units in engine-driven machines |
| BG109661 | 2006-09-07 | ||
| PCT/BG2007/000020 WO2008028261A1 (en) | 2006-09-07 | 2007-08-29 | Mounting construction of the driving aggregates in machines with a motor driving |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2662403A1 true CA2662403A1 (en) | 2008-03-13 |
| CA2662403C CA2662403C (en) | 2015-01-13 |
Family
ID=39156757
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2662403A Expired - Fee Related CA2662403C (en) | 2006-09-07 | 2007-08-29 | Mounting construction of the driving aggregates in machines with a motor driving |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2061668A1 (en) |
| BG (1) | BG66229B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2662403C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2008028261A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011052036A1 (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2013-01-24 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Bearing for motor-gear unit of motor vehicle, has motor bearing struts that are relatively inclined, so that intersection point is extended along longitudinal axes at defined distance with respect to axis of gravity of engine |
| CN113321034A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-08-31 | 湖南湘鹤集团电缆科技股份有限公司 | Tinning stack is used in processing of mineral substance insulation fireproof cable copper line |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4819963B1 (en) * | 1968-09-24 | 1973-06-18 | ||
| FR2392842A1 (en) | 1977-06-03 | 1978-12-29 | Citroen Sa | AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE WITH TRANSVERSAL MOTORPROPELLER |
| US4821827A (en) * | 1984-05-10 | 1989-04-18 | Club Car, Inc. | Engine mount for golf cart |
| SU1678654A1 (en) * | 1988-09-19 | 1991-09-23 | Волжское объединение по производству легковых автомобилей | Transport vehicle |
| RU30673U1 (en) * | 2003-01-09 | 2003-07-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ТехноМастер" | Suspension of a power unit of a front-wheel drive vehicle having a front suspension cross member |
-
2006
- 2006-09-07 BG BG109661A patent/BG66229B1/en unknown
-
2007
- 2007-08-29 CA CA2662403A patent/CA2662403C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-08-29 WO PCT/BG2007/000020 patent/WO2008028261A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-08-29 EP EP07800361A patent/EP2061668A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2662403C (en) | 2015-01-13 |
| BG66229B1 (en) | 2012-07-31 |
| WO2008028261A1 (en) | 2008-03-13 |
| BG109661A (en) | 2008-03-31 |
| EP2061668A1 (en) | 2009-05-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20190829 |