CA2660467A1 - Process and device for treating water - Google Patents
Process and device for treating water Download PDFInfo
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- CA2660467A1 CA2660467A1 CA002660467A CA2660467A CA2660467A1 CA 2660467 A1 CA2660467 A1 CA 2660467A1 CA 002660467 A CA002660467 A CA 002660467A CA 2660467 A CA2660467 A CA 2660467A CA 2660467 A1 CA2660467 A1 CA 2660467A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
- C02F1/487—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields using high frequency electromagnetic fields, e.g. pulsed electromagnetic fields
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
- C02F2103/023—Water in cooling circuits
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/48—Devices for applying magnetic or electric fields
- C02F2201/483—Devices for applying magnetic or electric fields using coils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/005—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/40—Liquid flow rate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/22—Eliminating or preventing deposits, scale removal, scale prevention
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Abstract
Process and device for treating water with a pulsed electromagnetic field in which a magnetic field is generated over a section of the water-bearing tube (15) with both ends via induction coils (16), the intensity of which fi eld can be set by open-loop control of the frequency of impulses which are g enerated in an integrated circuit IC 2. The intensity is controlled by close d-loop control by limiting the frequency with a flow meter (8) as a function of the water throughput rate or via a fixable potentiometer (7) as a functi on of the mean water consumption and the tube diameter, wherein the changing frequency of the sum signal which is formed in IC 2 and is generated from t he signal of a ramp generator (4), the frequency of which is varied by a sca nner (6) via a counter component (5), and the signal of a voltage-dependent generator (3), is a first signal under open-loop frequency control, which is transformed via a transistor bridge circuit (9) and a push-pull amplifier ( 10) and is subsequently in turn added to a signal from a voltage converter ( 11) having an attached power unit (12). The signal prepared is passed to the inlet of an amplifier stage (13) and from there as alternating voltage, whi ch here is utilized as ~push-pull voltage~, is applied to the windings of th e induction coils (16) which have the same direction of action, the electrom agnetic field of which alters with the physical properties of the transmitte d frequency, wherein the time change of the voltage per pulse is at least 20 volts per microsecond. The expression ~push-pull voltage~ is intended to ex press the fact that the sign changes in polarity (as in alternating voltage) .
Description
Process and Device for Treating Water 7 The invention relates to a method of and device for treating water by means of an 8 electro-magnetic field, wherein, via a measured length of pipe, at each end of same, by wound 9 induction coils, there is generated a respective magnetic field whose intensity can be set by controlling the frequency of pulses which are produced by a generator and wherein the intensity 11 is controlled by a respective switch with an associated potentiometer for the control of the water 12 throughput and by a second switch for monitoring the hardness, having an associated 13 potentiometer for the voltage-current conversion, wherein the changing frequency of the signal 14 from a ramp generator is added to the frequency of the signal from the generator, with a frequency-controlled signal being generated therefrom, which, in turn, is added to the signal 16 from the voltage-current transformer to create a signal which constitutes a cumulative 17 frequency, whereby the frequency from the generator in the low frequency amplifier is fed via a 18 further frequency; this cumulative frequency is then transformed by the low frequency amplifier;
19 and, via an output or a distributor, delimiting, action-rectified windings, along the length of the pipe measurement section, at both ends thereof, are supplied with the pulses whose electro-21 magnetic field changes the physical properties of the through-flowing frequency as a function of 22 the switch setting, wherein the derivative of the generator is followed by the derivative of the 23 hardness-related voltage-current converter and wherein said derivatives are added to the 24 derivative from the ramp generator and from the subsequent generator to form the frequency, wherein the intensity of both generators are jointly fed via the low frequency amplifier into the 26 output of the magnetic lines.
28 When treating drinking water which is frequently recovered in the form of ground water 29 from deep layers of rock, particular attention has to be paid to calcium hydrogen carbonate which is known to cause limestone deposits and scaling on the pipe walls. The total hardness of 31 the water is thus composed of the so-called carbonate hardness (sum of the dissolved alkaline 32 earth hydrogen carbonates) and the non-carbonate hardness (further dissolved alkaline earth 33 salts). In other words, the more lime there is dissolved in the water, the harder the water is.
34 Associated lime segregations reduce the efficiency of heating systems, reduce the pipe diameter and, if the pipe diameters are reduced considerably, they result in a pressure loss 36 which no longer allows reasonable use of the pipeline system. This results in costs and an 37 increase in energy consumption.
21854091.1 ~
The lime stone deposit which forms can be prevented in different ways:
7 1. by ion exchangers in which the calcium ions and the hydrogen carbonate are removed 8 from the water and replaced by sodium ions and chloride ions;
9 2. by the controlled addition of phosphate chemicals whose purpose it is to prevent the formation of hard deposits; the lime is to be kept in solution or, respectively, together 11 with the chemicals, form a stable, chemically inert sludge which is discharged by the 12 water flow;
13 3. by treating the water before it enters the system by means of electro-magnetic fields, 14 i.e. in a physical way; the existing ions form micro-fine lime particles with a long-term stability and with a clearly changed morphology; they are balanced relative to the 16 carbonic acid contained in the water and no longer have the inclination of adhering to 17 the pipe walls.
19 When carrying out a comparison, it is found that the above-mentioned methods 1) and 2) make it necessary to regularly replace the ion exchanger which uses itself up, and refill the 21 storage container with phosphate chemical, respectively. In addition, the pipeline network has to 22 be provided with an aperture for inserting the ion exchangers or for adding the chemicals, which 23 measure is accompanied by the additional risk of an increased amount of germs.
Method 3) on the other hand manages without chemicals, does not require a pipeline 26 system with an aperture and treats the water in a purely physical way. High water temperatures 27 have hardly any influence on the effect of the method and existing scale is additionally reduced 28 by the generated small quantities of carbonic acid in flowing water.
From EP-A-0 357 102 there is known a device for treating liquids which operates in 31 accordance with method 3) and whose purpose it is to reduce the calcium carbonate deposits 32 and similar constituents. The device consists of coils which are wound at a certain distance from 33 one another around a pipe and which generate an electro-magnetic field, and, as a function of 34 the flow speed in the pipe, there are generated pulses whose amplitude and frequency are used to control two magnetic fields. The magnetic field lines of the generated magnetic fields are 36 oriented in opposite directions, the result being that, in the plane separating the two fields, the 37 magnetic field lines are arranged perpendicularly relative to the direction of flow of the liquid, 38 which is the reason why the coils influence each other's field.
21854091.1 2 6 On the other hand, from EP 0 460 248 B1 there is known a method of treating water by 7 means of an electro-magnetic field wherein, along the measured length of a pipe, at both ends 8 of same, induction coils generate a respective magnetic field each of which is orientated in the 9 direction of flow and whose intensity can be set by controlling the frequency of pulses which are generated by a generator. In this case, the generated fields are intensified.
The effectiveness of 11 this method was examined by the government testing authority OVGW in accordance with test 12 directive W 35 and confirmed by an expert opinion. The efficiency is in excess of 90%.
14 The intensity is controlled by a respective switch, each with an associated potentiometer, as a function of the water throughput rate and the water hardness. The changing frequency of 16 the signal from a ramp generator is added to the frequency of the signal from a generator, which 17 cumulative signal is used to generate a frequency-controlled signal which is added to the signal 18 from a voltage-current converter to form an end signal which constitutes a cumulative 19 frequency. The cumulative frequency is converted by the low frequency amplifier and, via an output or distributor, is passed on via the length of the distance measured, at both ends, to 21 delimiting action-rectified windings, so that the electro-magnetic field of same changes the 22 through-flowing water as a function of the settings of the above-mentioned switches.
24 However, the degree of hardness of water depends on the origin of the water and, depending on the supply methods, can vary. The consumption, too, frequently fluctuates 26 considerably. This is the reason why systems of this type have to be operated with an increased 27 capacity to be able to accommodate water hardness fluctuations and short-term load peaks. As 28 an alterative, such a system has to be provided with complicated and expensive closed-loop 29 control electronics and ion-selective sensors to be able to accurately determine the temporary water hardness and to adapt the performance of the system.
32 It is therefore the object of the present invention to propose a method and device 33 (hereafter also referred to as Calc Tech device) for treating water by means of electro-magnetic 34 fields, which device achieves the desired effect, with the energy consumption being adapted to and dependent on the respective situation and without requiring complicated and expensive 36 measuring and closed-loop control electronics.
21854091.1 3 In accordance with the invention, the objective is achieved by the characteristics listed in 6 Claim 1. Further advantages of the inventive device can be gathered from the dependent claims 7 and from the examples of embodiments as referred to in the following description.
9 When treating tap water with the help of pulsed induction coils, very different factors have to be taken into account: a) the momentary consumption, b) the degree of hardness of the 11 water, c) additional impurities in the water, d) the number of pulses, and e) the pulse 12 characteristics. Whereas the momentary water consumption can easily be determined by a flow 13 meter, the degree of hardness of the water and the concentration of further impurities such as 14 manganese or iron are subject to considerable fluctuations. The number of pulses per unit of time is proportional to the intensity of the treatment or the field and allows the overall 16 performance to be monitored. In the past, the latter, to be on the safe side, had to be set so as 17 to be siightiy higher to be able to accommodate fluctuations in the water quality with reference 18 to points b) and c).
Comprehensive long-term tests led to the following surprising result: the efficiency of the 21 system is greatly influenced by e), i.e. the type of pulses generated, mainly by the voltage 22 gradient of the signal passed on to the induction coils via the connections, as a function of time.
23 Whereas sinusoidal changes in voltage with frequencies in the Hertz range effected hardly any 24 change in the water, there occurred an abrupt increase in the concentration of micro-fine lime particles if the time domain of the voltage pulse was within the range of micro-seconds. At a low 26 speed of flow, changes in the water quality could already be identified at a pulse frequency of 70 27 Hz and a gradient around 20 Volts up to 300 Volts per micro-second. Good up to very good 28 results were achieved with 80 Volts to 232 Volts per second. As a good recommended standard 29 value, it was possible to identify a voltage difference of 90 Volts to 110 Volts per micro-second.
When only varying the pulse frequency as a function of the water throughput rate, pulses with 31 said pulse characteristics achieved a constant efficiency accompanied by a reduced energy 32 consumption, in spite of a fluctuating water hardness.
34 Provided the pulse characteristics are suitably set, there is no need for complicated closed loop control means for monitoring and controlling the water hardness.
By integrating the 36 remaining components required for generating the signals into an integrated circuit, i.e. an IC 2, 37 it is possible to provide a simplified device which is less interference-prone, has a higher 38 efficiency and requires less space.
21854091.1 4 6 Said inventive device, the Calc Tech device, thus achieves the desired effect while 7 consuming less energy and having a simplified design which is less susceptible to failure. The 8 Calc Tech device influences the lime molecules contained in the water and attacks the scale 9 building up in hot water tanks, heating boilers, washing machines and dishwashers, coffee machines, pipelines, fittings, etc. Furthermore, the water treated by the Calc Tech device is 11 stabilised and rinses the separating pieces of scale out along with the water flow, without 12 changing the quality of the water. This is achieved by automatically controlling the intensity of 13 the cycle signals for lime water treatment. In contrast to a chemical treatment, the water is not 14 softened, no minerals are extracted and no chemicals are added; the quality and the hardness of the water are maintained. In the case of untreated water, the lime crystals (calcium carbonate 16 CaCO3) have a size of approx. 150 pm and a needle-like structure. As a result of their needle-17 like structure, said crystals have a high adhesive power (felting). The lime crystals which occur 18 after the treatment in accordance with the invention have a micro-fine powdery structure with 19 particle sizes around 20 pm and less. They can no longer cling to one another and therefore no longer adhere to the surfaces of pipes, heating bars, etc. The micro-fine lime crystals remain as 21 a valuable component and are discharged by flowing water.
23 To explain the different, non-limiting examples of embodiments of the inventive device, 24 see the diagrams shown in Figures 1 to 6 wherein 26 Figure 1 shows the setting of the VD value for constant water throughput rates.
27 Figure 2 is a block diagram of the inventive design of a switching mechanism generating a 28 magnetic field with a changing frequency and polarity.
29 Figure 3 is an example of an assembled boiler heating system with an island solution.
Figure 4 is an example of an assembled central heating system with boiler.
31 Figure 5 shows a cooling circuit with cold water treatment.
32 Figure 6 shows a cooling circuit with cold/hot water treatment.
34 In the case of water supply systems with a constantly low consumption of water such as drinking water fountains, it is possible to use a very simple embodiment of the Calc Tech device 36 with one coil which provides for only one fixed pulse frequency. This embodiment, too, allows 37 further adaptation to the conditions at the consumer end with the help of a potentiometer 7 (so-38 called VD value). The diagram explaining the setting is shown in Figure 1.
21854091.1 5 6 VD setting:
8 Determining the value to be set:
9 - Determine water consumption.
- Determine pipe diameter.
11 - Draw a vertical line from the consumption scale to the diagonal line corresponding to the 12 pipe diameter.
13 - From the point of intersection, now draw a horizontal line on the VD
scale.
14 - This point of intersection is the VD value to be set.
16 The VD value thus represents a control parameter which takes into account the pipe 17 diameter, the mean water consumption and the number of windings of the induction coils on the 18 water-conducting pipe. This allows the device to be individually set to different pipe and pipeline 19 systems.
21 The field line extension can be varied by the number of coils arranged along the 22 measured length of the pipe (15). Thus most of the Calc Tech devices operate with two, but also 23 with four induction coils and in larger pipeline systems with longer pipe lengths even with six to 24 eight induction coils.
26 The device in accordance with the invention can be explained in greater detail by 27 referring to the enclosed block diagram according to Figure 2. The integrated circuit (IC) 2 is 28 connected to a 12 V direct voltage source. The (IC) 2 comprises a voltage-dependent generator 29 3, a ramp generator 4 as well as a scanner 6 for specifying the frequency.
The frequency range of the scanner is optionally varied by a potentiometer 7 with a fixed setting or by a flow meter 8 31 attached to the pipeline system. The frequency-controlled accumulative signal from the 32 generator and from the ramp generator, while controlling the number of pulses, is converted via 33 a counter module 5 with the help of a transistor bridge switch into a push-pull signal, and via a 34 current-voltage converter 11 with a connected power unit 12 into an alternating current signal.
Via an amplifier stage 13 and a distributor stage 14, said alternating signal is passed on to the 36 induction coils 16 which, at both ends of the measured distance, generate at the pipe 15 a field 37 orientated in the same direction as the direction of flow of the water. The voltage curve 17 as a 38 function of time is shown as a trapezoidal voltage, and, with the help of the control logic of the 21854091.1 6 IC, the gradient a in the total amount, while interacting with the VD setting and the signal of the 6 potentiometer 7 or flow meter 8, is always kept within the inventive range.
Furthermore, the 7 control logic of the Calc Tech device comprises an internal and external error identification 8 facility.
In a simplified embodiment for pipeline systems with a low, constant water through flow, 11 the IC 2 can be firmly wired to a potentiometer 7, with the signal and pulse changes of modules 12 10 to 13 being eliminated. In this case, the signal is converted via the transistor bridge switch 9 13 into an alternating voltage with steep edges in accordance with the invention. If the water 14 consumption is somewhat higher, a power unit 12 for the output driver is inserted in the form of direct voltage.
16 Alternatively, according to a further embodiment of the inventive device, it is possible, in 17 the transistor bridge switch 9, to generate directly a push-pull signal from a direct voltage.
18 In a more versatile embodiment, the Calc Tech device comprises a plurality of 19 synchronously controllable assemblies for signal intensification purposes (11, 12 and 13). This allows the total performance to be adapted quickly to pipeline systems with greatly fluctuating 21 requirements, as for example in technical applications. Performance values from 2 watts to 22 several kilo watts can thus be provided in stages (this corresponds to continuous alternating 23 currents of 0.1 A via 10 A up to several hundred ampere).
All switches have in common that they generate pulses whose voltage changes, in the 26 total amount, as a function of time, range from at least around 20 Volts per micro-second up to 1 27 kVolt per micro-second. The type of signal and the voltage curve as a function of time are 28 determined by the individual assemblies (e.g. rectangular voltage, saw-tooth voltage, 29 trapezoidal voltage with steep edge and with or without overdrive signals by switching-over or higher harmonic frequencies, etc.).
32 In a further versatile embodiment, the inventive device comprises digitally controllable 33 alternating and frequency converters combined with frequency filters. This permits the controlled 34 setting of the voltage curve, as a function of time, of the amplitude of the pulse, of the current-voltage characteristics as well as the cleaning up of the signal in order to avoid performance-36 reducing inductions and higher harmonic vibrations and interaction with fields acting from the 37 outside. Thus, current peaks of 200 A up to several kA, which are due to switching, can be 38 filtered out or excluded by control measures.
21854091.1 7 6 Further assembly examples of the inventive device are shown in Figures 3 and 4.
7 Whereas Figure 3 shows the flow chart of several consumers (of which one consumer, 8 separately, uses a boiler) which are all supplied with water treated in accordance with the 9 invention. Figure 4 shows a larger pipeline network with an integrated boiler and with a Calc Tech device operating additionally and separately for the boiler. The operating principle of the 11 Calc Tech device connected to a flow meter is the same, with an A.C. signal being applied to 12 the induction coils. The generators integrated into the control electronics generate the inventive 13 pulse and continuously vary the output frequency in such a way that, in each sweep cycle, twice 14 the frequency corresponding to the respective water flow speed is applied to the inductors. The signal of the generator can be folded into individual members and, as a result, the projection of 16 the members on the folded length can supply a feedback control range to achieve the desired 17 effect. With the help of narrower or wider folds, this design permits adaptation to the required 18 frequency. The performance of the generators and the performance of the voltage systems are 19 combined in such a way that the intensities of the generators, jointly via a driver, lead to the output and to the coils provided at both ends, with the magnetic lines being rectified.
22 Furthermore, it is proposed that an alternating current modified as a function of the water 23 throughput and having a frequency ranging from 0 to 10 kHz, preferably 10 Hz to 6 kHz, flows 24 through the coils arranged at both ends. Thus, with a flow speed of 0.1 m/s in a standard domestic water pipe (diameter 2.54 cm) good results were achieved with only 50 pulses.
26 Independently of the water hardness, the performance optimum relative to the energy 27 consumption was achieved as from approximately 70 pulses. Higher intensities such as 100 to 28 150 pulses per second increase the efficiency only insubstantially. The automatic control 29 electronics in the Calc Tech device, optionally connected to flow meters, ensure that, in the case of different water flow speeds, the treatment of the water is adapted to the water 31 throughput.
33 Furthermore, the inventive Calc Tech device is also suitable for treating cooling water.
34 Two embodiments are shown in Figures 5 and 6.
36 The following Calc Tech devices designed in accordance with the invention are 37 incorporated into the cooling water circuits:
21854091.1 8 Condenser circuit: Condenser power 1700 kW
6 Water quantity 140m/h 7 Required: 1 Calc Tech device 8 (35 W power, 1 Hz to 10 kHz, potentiometer) 9 Oil cooler circuit: Oil cooler power 255 kW
Water quantity 33 m/h 11 Required: 1 Calc Tech device 12 (10 W power, 0 Hz to 6 kHz, potentiometer) 13 Fresh water circuit: Drinking water/industrial water well 14 Water quantity 5 m/h (several outlets) Required: 1 Calc Tech device 16 (5 W power, 0 Hz to 6 kHz, potentiometer) 17 The pulse frequency limits are determined via the potentiometer settings.
As the quantities 18 supplied are constant, there is no need for a flow meter.
By using the optimised Calc Tech device featuring a low energy consumption and a 21 simple design, lime is prevented from being deposited at the hot pipe surfaces of the 22 evaporation condensers and at the oil coolers of the screw-type compressors; such lime 23 deposits would lead to a reduction in performance.
In view of the design of the water circuit, the lime is deposited in the intermediate water 26 container and can be discharged via a drain valve.
28 The inventive method and the Calc Tech device operating in accordance with the 29 invention, while comprising a low energy consumption and a simple design which is less prone to failure, generates in the water alternating electro-magnetic fields with a varying frequency 31 which cause the formation of micro-fine crystals, as a result of which the occurrence of larger 32 lime crystals is prevented. The micro-fine crystals have no adhesive ability; they are flushed out 33 by the water. The Calc Tech device adapts itself continuously to the pulses, so that even with 34 slowly flowing water an optimum effect is achieved.
36 To summarise: the present invention relates to a method of and device for treating water 37 by means of a pulsed, electro-magnetic field wherein, via a length of the water-conducting pipe 38 15, at both ends of same, via induction coils 16, there is generated a magnetic field whose 21854091.1 9 intensity can be set by controlling the frequency of pulses which are generated in an integrated 6 circuit IC 2. The intensity is automatically controlled by limiting the frequency by means of a flow 7 meter 8 as a function of the water throughput rate, or via a fixedly settable potentiometer 7 as a 8 function of the mean water consumption and the pipe diameter, wherein the changing frequency 9 of the cumulative signal formed in the IC 2 and generated from the signal of a ramp generator 4 whose frequency is varied by a scanner 6 via a counter module 5 and from the signal of a 11 voltage-dependent generator 3, constitutes a frequency-controlled first signal which is converted 12 via a transistor bridge switch 9 and a push-pull amplifier 10 and subsequently added, in turn, to 13 a signal from the voltage-current converter 11 with a connected power unit 12. The signal 14 obtained in this way is passed on to the input of an amplifier stage 13 and from there, in the form of an alternating voltage used here as "push-pull" voltage, applied to the action-rectified 16 windings of the induction coils 16 whose electro-magnetic field changes with the physical 17 properties of the through-flowing frequency, wherein the change in terms of time of the voltage, 18 per pulse, amounts to at least 20 Volts per micro-second. The purpose of the term "push-pull 19 voltage" is to express that a change in polarity of the sign (as in the case of alternating voltage) takes place.
22 List of reference numbers:
24 1 12 V power supply unit 2 IC with control logic 26 3 voltage-controlled generator 27 4 ramp generator 28 5 counter module 29 6 scanner 7 potentiometer 31 8 flow meter 32 9 transistor bridge switch 33 10 push-pull amplifier 34 11 voltage current converter 12 power unit 36 13 amplifier stage 37 14 distributor stage for the inductors 38 15 pipe 21854091.1 10 16 induction coils 6 17 U-t diagram with parameter a 21854091.1 11
19 and, via an output or a distributor, delimiting, action-rectified windings, along the length of the pipe measurement section, at both ends thereof, are supplied with the pulses whose electro-21 magnetic field changes the physical properties of the through-flowing frequency as a function of 22 the switch setting, wherein the derivative of the generator is followed by the derivative of the 23 hardness-related voltage-current converter and wherein said derivatives are added to the 24 derivative from the ramp generator and from the subsequent generator to form the frequency, wherein the intensity of both generators are jointly fed via the low frequency amplifier into the 26 output of the magnetic lines.
28 When treating drinking water which is frequently recovered in the form of ground water 29 from deep layers of rock, particular attention has to be paid to calcium hydrogen carbonate which is known to cause limestone deposits and scaling on the pipe walls. The total hardness of 31 the water is thus composed of the so-called carbonate hardness (sum of the dissolved alkaline 32 earth hydrogen carbonates) and the non-carbonate hardness (further dissolved alkaline earth 33 salts). In other words, the more lime there is dissolved in the water, the harder the water is.
34 Associated lime segregations reduce the efficiency of heating systems, reduce the pipe diameter and, if the pipe diameters are reduced considerably, they result in a pressure loss 36 which no longer allows reasonable use of the pipeline system. This results in costs and an 37 increase in energy consumption.
21854091.1 ~
The lime stone deposit which forms can be prevented in different ways:
7 1. by ion exchangers in which the calcium ions and the hydrogen carbonate are removed 8 from the water and replaced by sodium ions and chloride ions;
9 2. by the controlled addition of phosphate chemicals whose purpose it is to prevent the formation of hard deposits; the lime is to be kept in solution or, respectively, together 11 with the chemicals, form a stable, chemically inert sludge which is discharged by the 12 water flow;
13 3. by treating the water before it enters the system by means of electro-magnetic fields, 14 i.e. in a physical way; the existing ions form micro-fine lime particles with a long-term stability and with a clearly changed morphology; they are balanced relative to the 16 carbonic acid contained in the water and no longer have the inclination of adhering to 17 the pipe walls.
19 When carrying out a comparison, it is found that the above-mentioned methods 1) and 2) make it necessary to regularly replace the ion exchanger which uses itself up, and refill the 21 storage container with phosphate chemical, respectively. In addition, the pipeline network has to 22 be provided with an aperture for inserting the ion exchangers or for adding the chemicals, which 23 measure is accompanied by the additional risk of an increased amount of germs.
Method 3) on the other hand manages without chemicals, does not require a pipeline 26 system with an aperture and treats the water in a purely physical way. High water temperatures 27 have hardly any influence on the effect of the method and existing scale is additionally reduced 28 by the generated small quantities of carbonic acid in flowing water.
From EP-A-0 357 102 there is known a device for treating liquids which operates in 31 accordance with method 3) and whose purpose it is to reduce the calcium carbonate deposits 32 and similar constituents. The device consists of coils which are wound at a certain distance from 33 one another around a pipe and which generate an electro-magnetic field, and, as a function of 34 the flow speed in the pipe, there are generated pulses whose amplitude and frequency are used to control two magnetic fields. The magnetic field lines of the generated magnetic fields are 36 oriented in opposite directions, the result being that, in the plane separating the two fields, the 37 magnetic field lines are arranged perpendicularly relative to the direction of flow of the liquid, 38 which is the reason why the coils influence each other's field.
21854091.1 2 6 On the other hand, from EP 0 460 248 B1 there is known a method of treating water by 7 means of an electro-magnetic field wherein, along the measured length of a pipe, at both ends 8 of same, induction coils generate a respective magnetic field each of which is orientated in the 9 direction of flow and whose intensity can be set by controlling the frequency of pulses which are generated by a generator. In this case, the generated fields are intensified.
The effectiveness of 11 this method was examined by the government testing authority OVGW in accordance with test 12 directive W 35 and confirmed by an expert opinion. The efficiency is in excess of 90%.
14 The intensity is controlled by a respective switch, each with an associated potentiometer, as a function of the water throughput rate and the water hardness. The changing frequency of 16 the signal from a ramp generator is added to the frequency of the signal from a generator, which 17 cumulative signal is used to generate a frequency-controlled signal which is added to the signal 18 from a voltage-current converter to form an end signal which constitutes a cumulative 19 frequency. The cumulative frequency is converted by the low frequency amplifier and, via an output or distributor, is passed on via the length of the distance measured, at both ends, to 21 delimiting action-rectified windings, so that the electro-magnetic field of same changes the 22 through-flowing water as a function of the settings of the above-mentioned switches.
24 However, the degree of hardness of water depends on the origin of the water and, depending on the supply methods, can vary. The consumption, too, frequently fluctuates 26 considerably. This is the reason why systems of this type have to be operated with an increased 27 capacity to be able to accommodate water hardness fluctuations and short-term load peaks. As 28 an alterative, such a system has to be provided with complicated and expensive closed-loop 29 control electronics and ion-selective sensors to be able to accurately determine the temporary water hardness and to adapt the performance of the system.
32 It is therefore the object of the present invention to propose a method and device 33 (hereafter also referred to as Calc Tech device) for treating water by means of electro-magnetic 34 fields, which device achieves the desired effect, with the energy consumption being adapted to and dependent on the respective situation and without requiring complicated and expensive 36 measuring and closed-loop control electronics.
21854091.1 3 In accordance with the invention, the objective is achieved by the characteristics listed in 6 Claim 1. Further advantages of the inventive device can be gathered from the dependent claims 7 and from the examples of embodiments as referred to in the following description.
9 When treating tap water with the help of pulsed induction coils, very different factors have to be taken into account: a) the momentary consumption, b) the degree of hardness of the 11 water, c) additional impurities in the water, d) the number of pulses, and e) the pulse 12 characteristics. Whereas the momentary water consumption can easily be determined by a flow 13 meter, the degree of hardness of the water and the concentration of further impurities such as 14 manganese or iron are subject to considerable fluctuations. The number of pulses per unit of time is proportional to the intensity of the treatment or the field and allows the overall 16 performance to be monitored. In the past, the latter, to be on the safe side, had to be set so as 17 to be siightiy higher to be able to accommodate fluctuations in the water quality with reference 18 to points b) and c).
Comprehensive long-term tests led to the following surprising result: the efficiency of the 21 system is greatly influenced by e), i.e. the type of pulses generated, mainly by the voltage 22 gradient of the signal passed on to the induction coils via the connections, as a function of time.
23 Whereas sinusoidal changes in voltage with frequencies in the Hertz range effected hardly any 24 change in the water, there occurred an abrupt increase in the concentration of micro-fine lime particles if the time domain of the voltage pulse was within the range of micro-seconds. At a low 26 speed of flow, changes in the water quality could already be identified at a pulse frequency of 70 27 Hz and a gradient around 20 Volts up to 300 Volts per micro-second. Good up to very good 28 results were achieved with 80 Volts to 232 Volts per second. As a good recommended standard 29 value, it was possible to identify a voltage difference of 90 Volts to 110 Volts per micro-second.
When only varying the pulse frequency as a function of the water throughput rate, pulses with 31 said pulse characteristics achieved a constant efficiency accompanied by a reduced energy 32 consumption, in spite of a fluctuating water hardness.
34 Provided the pulse characteristics are suitably set, there is no need for complicated closed loop control means for monitoring and controlling the water hardness.
By integrating the 36 remaining components required for generating the signals into an integrated circuit, i.e. an IC 2, 37 it is possible to provide a simplified device which is less interference-prone, has a higher 38 efficiency and requires less space.
21854091.1 4 6 Said inventive device, the Calc Tech device, thus achieves the desired effect while 7 consuming less energy and having a simplified design which is less susceptible to failure. The 8 Calc Tech device influences the lime molecules contained in the water and attacks the scale 9 building up in hot water tanks, heating boilers, washing machines and dishwashers, coffee machines, pipelines, fittings, etc. Furthermore, the water treated by the Calc Tech device is 11 stabilised and rinses the separating pieces of scale out along with the water flow, without 12 changing the quality of the water. This is achieved by automatically controlling the intensity of 13 the cycle signals for lime water treatment. In contrast to a chemical treatment, the water is not 14 softened, no minerals are extracted and no chemicals are added; the quality and the hardness of the water are maintained. In the case of untreated water, the lime crystals (calcium carbonate 16 CaCO3) have a size of approx. 150 pm and a needle-like structure. As a result of their needle-17 like structure, said crystals have a high adhesive power (felting). The lime crystals which occur 18 after the treatment in accordance with the invention have a micro-fine powdery structure with 19 particle sizes around 20 pm and less. They can no longer cling to one another and therefore no longer adhere to the surfaces of pipes, heating bars, etc. The micro-fine lime crystals remain as 21 a valuable component and are discharged by flowing water.
23 To explain the different, non-limiting examples of embodiments of the inventive device, 24 see the diagrams shown in Figures 1 to 6 wherein 26 Figure 1 shows the setting of the VD value for constant water throughput rates.
27 Figure 2 is a block diagram of the inventive design of a switching mechanism generating a 28 magnetic field with a changing frequency and polarity.
29 Figure 3 is an example of an assembled boiler heating system with an island solution.
Figure 4 is an example of an assembled central heating system with boiler.
31 Figure 5 shows a cooling circuit with cold water treatment.
32 Figure 6 shows a cooling circuit with cold/hot water treatment.
34 In the case of water supply systems with a constantly low consumption of water such as drinking water fountains, it is possible to use a very simple embodiment of the Calc Tech device 36 with one coil which provides for only one fixed pulse frequency. This embodiment, too, allows 37 further adaptation to the conditions at the consumer end with the help of a potentiometer 7 (so-38 called VD value). The diagram explaining the setting is shown in Figure 1.
21854091.1 5 6 VD setting:
8 Determining the value to be set:
9 - Determine water consumption.
- Determine pipe diameter.
11 - Draw a vertical line from the consumption scale to the diagonal line corresponding to the 12 pipe diameter.
13 - From the point of intersection, now draw a horizontal line on the VD
scale.
14 - This point of intersection is the VD value to be set.
16 The VD value thus represents a control parameter which takes into account the pipe 17 diameter, the mean water consumption and the number of windings of the induction coils on the 18 water-conducting pipe. This allows the device to be individually set to different pipe and pipeline 19 systems.
21 The field line extension can be varied by the number of coils arranged along the 22 measured length of the pipe (15). Thus most of the Calc Tech devices operate with two, but also 23 with four induction coils and in larger pipeline systems with longer pipe lengths even with six to 24 eight induction coils.
26 The device in accordance with the invention can be explained in greater detail by 27 referring to the enclosed block diagram according to Figure 2. The integrated circuit (IC) 2 is 28 connected to a 12 V direct voltage source. The (IC) 2 comprises a voltage-dependent generator 29 3, a ramp generator 4 as well as a scanner 6 for specifying the frequency.
The frequency range of the scanner is optionally varied by a potentiometer 7 with a fixed setting or by a flow meter 8 31 attached to the pipeline system. The frequency-controlled accumulative signal from the 32 generator and from the ramp generator, while controlling the number of pulses, is converted via 33 a counter module 5 with the help of a transistor bridge switch into a push-pull signal, and via a 34 current-voltage converter 11 with a connected power unit 12 into an alternating current signal.
Via an amplifier stage 13 and a distributor stage 14, said alternating signal is passed on to the 36 induction coils 16 which, at both ends of the measured distance, generate at the pipe 15 a field 37 orientated in the same direction as the direction of flow of the water. The voltage curve 17 as a 38 function of time is shown as a trapezoidal voltage, and, with the help of the control logic of the 21854091.1 6 IC, the gradient a in the total amount, while interacting with the VD setting and the signal of the 6 potentiometer 7 or flow meter 8, is always kept within the inventive range.
Furthermore, the 7 control logic of the Calc Tech device comprises an internal and external error identification 8 facility.
In a simplified embodiment for pipeline systems with a low, constant water through flow, 11 the IC 2 can be firmly wired to a potentiometer 7, with the signal and pulse changes of modules 12 10 to 13 being eliminated. In this case, the signal is converted via the transistor bridge switch 9 13 into an alternating voltage with steep edges in accordance with the invention. If the water 14 consumption is somewhat higher, a power unit 12 for the output driver is inserted in the form of direct voltage.
16 Alternatively, according to a further embodiment of the inventive device, it is possible, in 17 the transistor bridge switch 9, to generate directly a push-pull signal from a direct voltage.
18 In a more versatile embodiment, the Calc Tech device comprises a plurality of 19 synchronously controllable assemblies for signal intensification purposes (11, 12 and 13). This allows the total performance to be adapted quickly to pipeline systems with greatly fluctuating 21 requirements, as for example in technical applications. Performance values from 2 watts to 22 several kilo watts can thus be provided in stages (this corresponds to continuous alternating 23 currents of 0.1 A via 10 A up to several hundred ampere).
All switches have in common that they generate pulses whose voltage changes, in the 26 total amount, as a function of time, range from at least around 20 Volts per micro-second up to 1 27 kVolt per micro-second. The type of signal and the voltage curve as a function of time are 28 determined by the individual assemblies (e.g. rectangular voltage, saw-tooth voltage, 29 trapezoidal voltage with steep edge and with or without overdrive signals by switching-over or higher harmonic frequencies, etc.).
32 In a further versatile embodiment, the inventive device comprises digitally controllable 33 alternating and frequency converters combined with frequency filters. This permits the controlled 34 setting of the voltage curve, as a function of time, of the amplitude of the pulse, of the current-voltage characteristics as well as the cleaning up of the signal in order to avoid performance-36 reducing inductions and higher harmonic vibrations and interaction with fields acting from the 37 outside. Thus, current peaks of 200 A up to several kA, which are due to switching, can be 38 filtered out or excluded by control measures.
21854091.1 7 6 Further assembly examples of the inventive device are shown in Figures 3 and 4.
7 Whereas Figure 3 shows the flow chart of several consumers (of which one consumer, 8 separately, uses a boiler) which are all supplied with water treated in accordance with the 9 invention. Figure 4 shows a larger pipeline network with an integrated boiler and with a Calc Tech device operating additionally and separately for the boiler. The operating principle of the 11 Calc Tech device connected to a flow meter is the same, with an A.C. signal being applied to 12 the induction coils. The generators integrated into the control electronics generate the inventive 13 pulse and continuously vary the output frequency in such a way that, in each sweep cycle, twice 14 the frequency corresponding to the respective water flow speed is applied to the inductors. The signal of the generator can be folded into individual members and, as a result, the projection of 16 the members on the folded length can supply a feedback control range to achieve the desired 17 effect. With the help of narrower or wider folds, this design permits adaptation to the required 18 frequency. The performance of the generators and the performance of the voltage systems are 19 combined in such a way that the intensities of the generators, jointly via a driver, lead to the output and to the coils provided at both ends, with the magnetic lines being rectified.
22 Furthermore, it is proposed that an alternating current modified as a function of the water 23 throughput and having a frequency ranging from 0 to 10 kHz, preferably 10 Hz to 6 kHz, flows 24 through the coils arranged at both ends. Thus, with a flow speed of 0.1 m/s in a standard domestic water pipe (diameter 2.54 cm) good results were achieved with only 50 pulses.
26 Independently of the water hardness, the performance optimum relative to the energy 27 consumption was achieved as from approximately 70 pulses. Higher intensities such as 100 to 28 150 pulses per second increase the efficiency only insubstantially. The automatic control 29 electronics in the Calc Tech device, optionally connected to flow meters, ensure that, in the case of different water flow speeds, the treatment of the water is adapted to the water 31 throughput.
33 Furthermore, the inventive Calc Tech device is also suitable for treating cooling water.
34 Two embodiments are shown in Figures 5 and 6.
36 The following Calc Tech devices designed in accordance with the invention are 37 incorporated into the cooling water circuits:
21854091.1 8 Condenser circuit: Condenser power 1700 kW
6 Water quantity 140m/h 7 Required: 1 Calc Tech device 8 (35 W power, 1 Hz to 10 kHz, potentiometer) 9 Oil cooler circuit: Oil cooler power 255 kW
Water quantity 33 m/h 11 Required: 1 Calc Tech device 12 (10 W power, 0 Hz to 6 kHz, potentiometer) 13 Fresh water circuit: Drinking water/industrial water well 14 Water quantity 5 m/h (several outlets) Required: 1 Calc Tech device 16 (5 W power, 0 Hz to 6 kHz, potentiometer) 17 The pulse frequency limits are determined via the potentiometer settings.
As the quantities 18 supplied are constant, there is no need for a flow meter.
By using the optimised Calc Tech device featuring a low energy consumption and a 21 simple design, lime is prevented from being deposited at the hot pipe surfaces of the 22 evaporation condensers and at the oil coolers of the screw-type compressors; such lime 23 deposits would lead to a reduction in performance.
In view of the design of the water circuit, the lime is deposited in the intermediate water 26 container and can be discharged via a drain valve.
28 The inventive method and the Calc Tech device operating in accordance with the 29 invention, while comprising a low energy consumption and a simple design which is less prone to failure, generates in the water alternating electro-magnetic fields with a varying frequency 31 which cause the formation of micro-fine crystals, as a result of which the occurrence of larger 32 lime crystals is prevented. The micro-fine crystals have no adhesive ability; they are flushed out 33 by the water. The Calc Tech device adapts itself continuously to the pulses, so that even with 34 slowly flowing water an optimum effect is achieved.
36 To summarise: the present invention relates to a method of and device for treating water 37 by means of a pulsed, electro-magnetic field wherein, via a length of the water-conducting pipe 38 15, at both ends of same, via induction coils 16, there is generated a magnetic field whose 21854091.1 9 intensity can be set by controlling the frequency of pulses which are generated in an integrated 6 circuit IC 2. The intensity is automatically controlled by limiting the frequency by means of a flow 7 meter 8 as a function of the water throughput rate, or via a fixedly settable potentiometer 7 as a 8 function of the mean water consumption and the pipe diameter, wherein the changing frequency 9 of the cumulative signal formed in the IC 2 and generated from the signal of a ramp generator 4 whose frequency is varied by a scanner 6 via a counter module 5 and from the signal of a 11 voltage-dependent generator 3, constitutes a frequency-controlled first signal which is converted 12 via a transistor bridge switch 9 and a push-pull amplifier 10 and subsequently added, in turn, to 13 a signal from the voltage-current converter 11 with a connected power unit 12. The signal 14 obtained in this way is passed on to the input of an amplifier stage 13 and from there, in the form of an alternating voltage used here as "push-pull" voltage, applied to the action-rectified 16 windings of the induction coils 16 whose electro-magnetic field changes with the physical 17 properties of the through-flowing frequency, wherein the change in terms of time of the voltage, 18 per pulse, amounts to at least 20 Volts per micro-second. The purpose of the term "push-pull 19 voltage" is to express that a change in polarity of the sign (as in the case of alternating voltage) takes place.
22 List of reference numbers:
24 1 12 V power supply unit 2 IC with control logic 26 3 voltage-controlled generator 27 4 ramp generator 28 5 counter module 29 6 scanner 7 potentiometer 31 8 flow meter 32 9 transistor bridge switch 33 10 push-pull amplifier 34 11 voltage current converter 12 power unit 36 13 amplifier stage 37 14 distributor stage for the inductors 38 15 pipe 21854091.1 10 16 induction coils 6 17 U-t diagram with parameter a 21854091.1 11
Claims (9)
1. A device for treating water by means of a pulsed electro-magnetic field, wherein, at both ends of the measured length of a pipe (15), there are mounted at least two induction coils (16), wherein the intensity of the field can be set by controlling the frequency of the pulses and wherein the pulses are generated by an integrated circuit IC (2), characterised in that the IC (2) is connected to a 12 V power supply (1) and comprises a voltage-controlled generator (3), a ramp generator (4), a counter module (5) and a scanner (6), wherein the scanner (6) is connected to a frequency limiting device in the form of an externally adjustable potentiometer (7); that, in the IC (2), the generator (3) in the form of a signal source is additively connected to the frequency-and voltage-controlled ramp generator (4), wherein the scanner (6) as the frequency source and the counter module (5) as the control unit of the number of pulses per unit of time are connected to the ramp generator and to the signal output line;
that the signal line for the frequency- and voltage-controlled cumulative signal of the IC (2) is connected to a transistor bridge switch (9) as the signal converter with a total switching speed of a maximum of one micro-second per pulse; and that the signal output line of the transistor bridge switch (9), via a push-pull amplifier (10) and a current-voltage converter (11) with a connected power unit (12), leads to an amplifier stage (13) which is designed for voltage amplitudes of at least 20 volts per pulse and, at the signal output end, is connected to the action-rectified windings of the induction coils (16).
that the signal line for the frequency- and voltage-controlled cumulative signal of the IC (2) is connected to a transistor bridge switch (9) as the signal converter with a total switching speed of a maximum of one micro-second per pulse; and that the signal output line of the transistor bridge switch (9), via a push-pull amplifier (10) and a current-voltage converter (11) with a connected power unit (12), leads to an amplifier stage (13) which is designed for voltage amplitudes of at least 20 volts per pulse and, at the signal output end, is connected to the action-rectified windings of the induction coils (16).
2. A device according to claim 1, characterised in that, instead of a potentiometer (7), a flow meter (8) is connected in the form of a frequency limiting device to the scanner (6).
3. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, between the amplifier stage (13) and the induction coils (16), there is mounted a distributor stage (14) via which the signal output line of the amplifier stage (13) is connected to the action-rectified windings of the induction coils (16).
4. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the transistor bridge switch (9) is provided in the form of a push-pull signal source.
5. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the transistor bridge switch (9) is provided in the form of an alternating signal source.
6. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the power unit (12) of the voltage-current converter is provided in the form of a direct current source.
7. A method of treating water with a pulsed electro-magnetic field which is generated at both ends of the measured length of the water-conducting pipe (15) with induction coils (16), characterised in that, in an IC (2), a signal from a voltage-dependent generator (3) is added to a signal of a ramp generator (4), which signal is frequency-controlled by a scanner (6), in a reciprocal action with the counter module (5); that the frequency of the scanner is selected so as to be proportional to the pipe diameter and to the average water consumption, ranging between 0 Hz and 10 kHz; that the cumulative signal of the IC (2) is converted via a transistor bridge switch (9) with a subsequent push-pull amplifier (10) into a push-pull signal and thereafter, by means of a voltage-current converter (11) with a connected power unit (12), into a signal with an alternating voltage, and that the signal generated in this way is fed as alternating voltage via an amplifier stage (13) for field generating purposes into the induction coils (16) attached in an action-rectified way at both ends of the measured length of the pipe (15), wherein the change in voltage per pulse takes place at a speed of a minimum of 20 volts per micro-second.
8. A method according to claim 7, characterised in that the frequency of the scanner is selected so as to range between 0 Hz and 10 kHz so as to be proportional to the momentary water consumption measured by a flow meter.
9. A method according to any one of claim 7 or 8, characterised in that, via a distributor stage (14), the generated signal is fed into a plurality of action-rectified coils.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2006/007907 WO2008017321A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 | 2006-08-10 | Process and device for treating water |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2660467A1 true CA2660467A1 (en) | 2009-02-14 |
Family
ID=37191293
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002660467A Abandoned CA2660467A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 | 2006-08-10 | Process and device for treating water |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2660467A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2008017321A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11014839B2 (en) | 2013-06-19 | 2021-05-25 | Hydrosmart | Liquid treatment device |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2476804C2 (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2013-02-27 | Игорь Николаевич Быков | Method of removing mineral, biological and organic deposits and system for realising said method |
| RU2494048C1 (en) * | 2012-05-12 | 2013-09-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Татнефть" имени В.Д. Шашина | Method of fluid electromagnetic treatment and device to this end |
| CN103588264A (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2014-02-19 | 广州昭合环保科技有限公司 | Electromagnetic converting method and electromagnetic converter |
| IT201600092448A1 (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2016-12-14 | Pier Maria Boria | Method and device for the implementation of said method for the realization of anti-scale, antibacterial and floculating treatments |
| US11554972B2 (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2023-01-17 | H2oElite LLC | Treating water using a non-uniform magnetic field |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4229594A1 (en) * | 1992-09-04 | 1994-03-10 | Mayring Arnold A | Electromagnetic treatment of liquids to modify crystal habits - for prevention of lime scale formation, and in the treatment of bone fractures, etc. |
| ITBZ20030057A1 (en) * | 2003-11-18 | 2005-05-19 | Niederkofler Robert | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR WATER TREATMENT |
| GB2414475B (en) * | 2004-05-29 | 2009-08-12 | Waterite Ltd | Water softening |
| WO2006072125A1 (en) * | 2005-01-07 | 2006-07-13 | Aqua-Sciences Pty Ltd | Scale removal apparatus and method |
-
2006
- 2006-08-10 CA CA002660467A patent/CA2660467A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-08-10 WO PCT/EP2006/007907 patent/WO2008017321A1/en active Application Filing
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11014839B2 (en) | 2013-06-19 | 2021-05-25 | Hydrosmart | Liquid treatment device |
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