CN100361903C - Method for flow improvement and reduction of fouling in process equipment - Google Patents

Method for flow improvement and reduction of fouling in process equipment Download PDF

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CN100361903C
CN100361903C CNB2004800173522A CN200480017352A CN100361903C CN 100361903 C CN100361903 C CN 100361903C CN B2004800173522 A CNB2004800173522 A CN B2004800173522A CN 200480017352 A CN200480017352 A CN 200480017352A CN 100361903 C CN100361903 C CN 100361903C
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fluid
potential
electromotive force
fouling
incrustation
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CN1809511A (en
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M·瓦斯卡斯
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EMT Res ASA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B17/00—Methods preventing fouling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/4602—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods for prevention or elimination of deposits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/16—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying an electrostatic field to the body of the heat-exchange medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/004—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using protective electric currents, voltages, cathodes, anodes, electric short-circuits
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/03—Pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/05—Conductivity or salinity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/40—Liquid flow rate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/22—Eliminating or preventing deposits, scale removal, scale prevention

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Abstract

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for improvement of flow rates and reduction of fouling in process equipment such as for instance heat exchangers (2) where fluids are flowing in single or multiphase. This is obtained by imposing a DC-potential at the walls of the process equipment that exactly opposes the naturally ocurring potential due to interaction between the walls of the process equipment and the fluid flowing inside. An improved flow rate will cause that the heat exchanger (2) becomes more efficient, i.e. a lower deposition rate and a higher removal rate of inorganic agents. The fluid may be a pure fluid, colloidal fluid or contain inclusions in the form of particles.

Description

The method that is used for improving the flowability of processing unit and reduces incrustation
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for to improve such as fluid wherein with the flow rate of processing units such as single-phase or heterogeneous form mobile heat exchanger and reduce the method and apparatus of incrustation.The flow rate that improves will cause heat exchanger to become more efficient, and promptly the sedimentation rate of inorganic reagent is lower, and it is higher to remove speed.Fluid can be pure fluid, colloid fluid, perhaps comprises the inclusion of particulate form.
Background technology
On heating surface, form the prime cost factor in installation that settling (incrustation) is a heat exchanger and the operation.Settling gathering on heating surface usually causes rate of heat transfer to descend, and may cause other operational issue.Heat exchanger almost is used for all industry, comprises processing industry and petroleum industry.Therefore, the incrustation problem almost is present in all industry.The total expenses relevant with incrustation that is used for industrial community estimated annual be about 40,000 hundred ten thousand dollars [1].
Although the expense relevant with incrustation is very big, on this problem, only carried out very limited research.When the cost efficiency of the various countermeasures of assessment, be very important to the reliable understanding of incrustation economy.Although a lot of practical experience and ongoing results of study about anti-incrustation method are arranged, the incrustation in the heat exchanger remains a great problem.Therefore, extremely need to develop new and more efficient methods reduces or prevents that the incrustation in the heat exchanger from forming speed [1].
The current method that has some kinds of known chemistry and physical/mechanical, it is used for reducing/remove the fouling and/or the incrustation problem of water wherein and/or other process liquid mobile system.Yet according to diverse ways, its efficient has very big variation, and has some deficiency.
The method that being used for of a kind of well-known and life-time service handled heat exchanger fouling and/or incrustation problem is so-called chemical process, in this method, a kind of or some kinds of reagent are added in the liquid of system, thereby raising forms the solubleness of the compound of fouling and/or incrustation.Known that these methods are for preventing that it is effective forming fouling/incrustation and dissolving the fouling/incrustation that has formed.Under the situation of heat exchanger, reagent can be added in the process fluid usually, this perhaps adds reagent in the cooling medium through the quality of regular meeting's reduction product of producing, and this pollution problem can occur.These problems can solve by carrying out regular washing procedure, and heat exchanger breaks away from production line and washes with washing liq at this moment.But in this case, obviously need stop the normal operation of technological process, and be attended by the running cost of increase.As a result, usually can find chemical treatment too costliness and labor intensive, and can not become a kind of acceptable scheme that solves fouling/incrustation problem.
Therefore, more and more concentrated on, in some cases even the reversed reaction that incrustation forms takes place, prevented that incrustation from forming by mobile water and/or process liquid are applied electric field and/or magnetic field.Usually the reason of this effect of supposition is, water/liquid flow is in the electromagnetic field, can in liquid volume, produces as the poly-group of kind of brilliant nucleus, like this, the compound that forms fouling and/or incrustation precipitates into the solid suspension particulate in liquid volume, be pulled away with fluid stream then.In EP 0720588, disclose the example of this technology,, made water stand the processing of radiofrequency signal wherein in order to prevent to form fouling.And reported, magnetic field can with electric field much at one mode and be used to prevent the lime fouling.Such technology example is disclosed in US 4278549.Described in WO 94/02422 and a kind of current are in equipment and method under the microwave radiation, the microwave radiation frequency is modulated into a kind of of ion/compound of being used for absorbing following water or some kinds: Ca 2+, CO 3 2-, HCO 3 -, CO 2, CaHCO 3 +, H 2CO 3And H 2O.Think that at present electromagnetic radiation causes having formed the throw out of miniature scale in fluid volume, it will be pulled away but not be deposited on the surface of this processing unit.
At deposit C aCO 3Fouling or situation about gathering under, American PetroleumInstitute[2] and scientists [3-10] effect of this electromagnetic treatment method had been discussed all sidedly.The result who obtains from various experiments and test is controversial.Some result shows that magnetic field and/or electric field have reduced the precipitation of lime carbonate, and other result does not then show.Yet mode and these the power of introducing magnetic/electric field change according to different experiments.Therefore, the parameter of description exposure system also changes according to different experiments.In addition, do not report in the parameter of describing magnetic/electric field yet and acted on quantitative relationship between the effect on the fluid flow system.Therefore, owing to lack scientific knowledge, therefore may control the effect of those methods fully hardly to tosca.
Yet, carried out theory and experimental study with the fouling mechanism in the understanding heat exchanger, and reduced scaling rate.These mechanism comprise crystallization incrustation, particulate fouling, biological incrustation, chemical reaction fouling, corrosion fouling and the incrustation that condenses.Yet incrustation unlikely ascribes single mechanism fully to, but in many cases, a kind of mechanism is main.The investigation result of the various mechanism that relate in the incrustation process has disclosed aspect the incrustation process control, below three parameters more important than other parameter: the flow rate [11,12] on the thermograde on the heat-exchanger surface, dirt concentration and the heat-exchanger surface.To utilize the effect of the flow rate on the heat-exchanger surface in the present invention.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention provides a kind of flow rate of process liquid mobile processing unit raising/increase therein that is used for to alleviate/to eliminate the method and apparatus of incrustation problem.
Another object of the present invention provides flow rate on a kind of heating surface that is used to improve/increase heat exchanger to improve effectiveness of heat exchanger and to alleviate/eliminate the method and apparatus of incrustation problem simultaneously.
By the method and apparatus defined in the detailed description below the present invention, realize purpose of the present invention.
Particularly, the invention provides a kind of be used for the reducing incrustation of the processing unit that contains streaming fluid and/or the method for fouling, by external dc electromotive force on the wall of pipe/conduit, so that remove electrical effect to rubbing factor, the wherein said DC potential that adds is regulated by the regulon that has been transfused to measured fluid characteristics information, it is characterized in that, constantly regulate the described DC potential that adds, make described DC potential that adds and spontaneous electromotive force have accurately identical intensity but have opposite polarity that described spontaneous electromotive force is because the interaction between streaming fluid and wall material and to gather electric charge on described wall caused.
Preferably, according to aforesaid method of the present invention, wherein said fluid be gaseous state or liquid current downflow pure fluid, colloid fluid, comprise the mixture of the single-phase or heterogeneous fluid of the fluid, some kinds of the inclusion of particulate form, the perhaps mixture of one or more in these fluids.
Preferably, aforesaid method of the present invention, wherein said fluid can have the Reynolds number in 1 to 5000000 scope.
The present invention is based in part on the effect of being found by the inventor, and this effect has formed the basis of another invention of being protected by for example US 6334957 or corresponding EP1021376.This patent series has provided the comprehensive description to this effect, and therefore comprises in this application by reference.Here, will only provide the short-summary of this effect:
-when fluid is flowed through pipeline, because there is loose electric charge in the shearing force on the frictional belt on tube wall.This will cause forming electromotive force (friction electromotive force) on duct wall, this electromotive force can attract and keep charged particles, ion and the dipole in the fluid, and therefore draw and can reduce the frictional force of liquid in ducted flow rate.This flowage friction effect is commonly referred to the electrical effect of rubbing factor.
Invention disclosed is based on such fact in US 6334957, but promptly by adding the DC potential that electric charge gathers on the balance wall just on the pipe/conduit wall, the electric charge of offsetting the fluid-solid boundary gathers.Then, attract the electromagnetic force of ion and polar molecule to reduce, ion and polar molecule can freely be followed the mobile fluid.In other words, the electrical effect of rubbing factor becomes zero, so the fluidic mean flow rate will increase, especially at liquid-solid boundary (on the wall).US 6334957 disclose a kind of guarantee the DC potential that adds always accurately with the opposite control method of friction electromotive force, and the device that is used to carry out this method.
The present invention is based on such discovery, promptly to the elimination means of the electric friction factor of flowing fluid in the industrial technology equipment of pipeline, heat exchanger, reactor and all other forms, also can become and be used to prevent incrustation even make established incrustation in some cases and the convenience of fouling generation reversed reaction and effective means.That is to say, the flow velocity of the heat exchanger by improving fluid flow therein and the surface of other processing unit, just can reduce sedimentary sedimentation rate, thereby alleviate/prevent from the wall of heat exchanger/processing unit, to form the solid deposits of fouling, incrustation and any other type.This is considered to because the flow velocity that solid-liquid border (heat exchanger wall) is located improves the very big part solid sediment that will take away in the fluid volume.
Surprisingly, the effect that the flow velocity appropriateness that obtains by the electrical effect of eliminating the flowage friction factor increases can reduce sedimentary sedimentation rate effectively, makes the present invention to become to be used for the effective tool of fouling/incrustation problem of handling heat exchanger and other processing unit.Even the speed increase of talkative this appropriateness is not generally about 1-10%, but this flow velocity increase still can increase to the shearing action on settling-fluid interface and is enough to remove established settling.
This surprised discovery has and has surmounted those greatly and adopt electromagnetic field/electromagnetic potentials to prevent the benefit of the art methods of incrustation/fouling, because being absorbed in, these existing methods make electromagnetic field/electromagnetic potential must be enough strong and act on the liquid volume, nucleus poly-group effect and deposition with the compound of formation fouling and/or incrustation in the enhanced process liquid make settling be pulled away with fluid volume.But in this case, will change the electrochemical conditions in the process fluid inevitably, and may make one or more fluid cpds ionization, perhaps electricity brings out one or more electrochemical reactions in the process fluid.Therefore, in order in technological process, not cause deleterious side effect, in the art breading industry, must use prior art carefully.The non-required side effect of another of these art methods be employed electromagnetic field/electromagnetic potential almost certainly with the varying in size of friction electromotive force, make the electromotive force that is added almost be certain to produce new friction electromotive force, it may be more much bigger than spontaneous friction electromotive force.So this flow rate that will slow down, thereby improved sedimentary sedimentation rate.Perhaps, what many art methods this can be interpreted as can be subjected to instable overslaugh.
In the present invention, the electromotive force that the adds spontaneous friction electromotive force of fluidic that just in time to contend with.As if thereby these electromotive forces will cancel out each other, make process liquid not have electric field.Therefore, the risk that in the mobile process fluid, will can not exist any electrochemistry of causing technology to change, comprise chemical equilibrium change, ionizing compound, produce atomic group, cause non-required chemical reaction etc.Spontaneous friction electromotive force is normally very little, just is being in/is bearing several volts or littler magnitude, so just can handle with the field that more small power and energy efficiency are high than art methods.Therefore with regard to electrochemistry and processing safety, the method according to this invention will be definitely not have risk, make it applicable to all thinkable technology, no matter and this processing unit of flowing through be which kind of process liquid.
Another benefit that is better than prior art is, the present invention is based on scientific knowledge, makes that the method according to this invention is fully controlled, and can provide consistent result.Another advantage is that the present invention can not cause pollution problem, and this is because implementing can not add or remove material when of the present invention, and can not cause the chemical reaction that may cause technology and/or environment are caused inappropriate harmful effect in process fluid.
Comprise under the situation of chemical active ingredient another spontaneous electromotive force that common existence must be considered at process liquid.When metal (as heating surface) is immersed in the solution (fluid), between this metallic surface and solution, just set up electromotive force, i.e. surface charging.Most of metals are electronegative usually, and this electromotive force can (as standard calomel reference cell, SCE) be measured with respect to reference cell.This electromotive force is called corrosion potential.If the surface is charged, extra sticking power will appear so, this be since the gegenion in surface charge and the fluid or/and [13] that the magnetism between the dipole molecule causes.This phenomenon has been represented another influence to the electric rubbing factor of the stream of the fluid on the heating surface, and this influence also must be offset by the dc fields that adds.Therefore, in this application, term " electrical effect factor " refers to the compound action of corrosion potential and fluid stream friction electromotive force to total rubbing factor of being used for fluid stream.
The present invention relates to various heat exchangers (HE), comprise air-cooled type HE, plate and frame HE, compact type HE, shell-tube type HE, double hose HE, spiral type HE, shell and-tube condenser, Air-cooled Condenser, board-like and compact type condenser, direct contact-type condenser, cooling tower, flow-generator, boiler and vaporizer.The invention still further relates to process flow one side or cooling medium one side of heating surface, or relate to these both sides simultaneously.In addition, comprise that also process liquid wherein flows and may cause the industrial and non-technical processing unit of all other types of fouling/incrustation problem.
Be summarized as follows like this: design of the present invention is to have utilized DC potential, and it can be offset just because the caused electromotive force of friction of flow and the combination of corrosion potential are gathered.Therefore, the electromotive force that frictional belt (on liquid-wall interface) is located will be reduced to zero, the feasible electrical effect that the fluid stream of surface is rubbed is reduced to zero, therefore will reach the maximum increase of flow rate near surface, and this can cause reducing/eliminating the sedimentation rate of suspended sediment again., but, be typically about ± 1.0V or littler less than ± 5V at the spontaneous at the interface electromotive force of liquid-solid typically less than ± 2.5V.
For this design of the present invention is tried out, can in comprising the equipment of control unit, implement method of the present invention, control unit can guarantee that the DC potential that adds offsets just in the spontaneous electromotive force of liquid-solid boundary.Control unit comprises three parts: measurement/unit calculator, DC potential producer and setter.These parts have traditional characteristic, do not need to further describe.In US 6334957 or corresponding EP1021376, similar system has been described all sidedly.Information according to the measured fluid characteristics that is in the pipe/conduit part upstream in the dc fields, regulon calculates the size of the DC potential that adds, and wherein the fluid characteristics of being surveyed can be one or more characteristics in the following characteristic: mean flow rate, corrosion potential, pH value, the concentration that is included in the specific ion in the fluid, specific conductivity, pressure and temperature.
Embodiment
Referring now to the preferred embodiments of the present invention the present invention is described in more detail.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention when on shell and-tube heat exchanger, implementing have schematically been shown among Fig. 1.Arrow is represented flow direction.Can the present invention 1 be connected on the heat exchanger 2 by two or more traditional junctor (not shown)s.A junctor is connected the ring 4 of the inlet that is used for cooling medium 3, the rest part electrical isolation of itself and system.A junctor is connected the ring 7 of the inlet that is used for process fluid 6, its also with the rest part electrical isolation of system.The 3rd junctor is connected on the heat exchanger itself at point 9 places.If the present invention is used to improve flowing of process fluid, tie point 9 will be positioned at the exit of process fluid 5 so.In order to improve flowing of cooling medium, tie point 9 will be positioned at outlet 8 places.In order to improve flowing of cooling medium, used ring 4, and, then used ring 7 for process fluid.
When the present invention being switched to measurement/calculator mode, with regard to the setting point that is identified for setter as described below:
The calculating of setting point is based on capacitance measurement.Electric capacity is as the function of the DC potential that is applied, can by the method for alternating-current come measurement ring 4 or 7 and heat exchanger 9 itself between electric capacity.Its positive and negative terminal is connected on 9 and 4 or 7.Electromotive force when electric capacity is shown as minimum value is corresponding to the uncharged situation of heat exchanger, and is the specific DC potential as the setter setting point.When the present invention was switched to operating mode, dc generator applied electromotive force between 4 or 7 and 9, and was subjected to the control of setter.
Checking of the present invention
In order to verify that the present invention reduces the sedimentary ability of throw out, in mobile water, prepared the colloidal solution of a kind of lime carbonate and barium sulfate, and experimentized and study in the lip-deep sedimentation rate of titanium.Lime carbonate and barium sulfate disperse (with colloidal state) in the fluid stream of the titanium plate of flowing through.
Experiment
Solution
Being formulated as follows of lime carbonate and barium sulfate colloidal solution: with the BaCl of 1 liter of 0.00025M 2CaCl with 1 liter of 0.00025M 2Mix, add the Na of 2.5 milliliters of 1M then 2CO 3At last, add the Na of 25 milliliters of 0.01M 2SO 4Like this, just can obtain the colloidal solution of lime carbonate and barium sulfate.For fresh solution and at room temperature, the size that the light scattering measurement that carries out under different wave length has provided lime carbonate and barium sulfate particulate equals about 50 nanometers.In two to three days, these particulates reach the size of about 100 nanometers.The further increase of size causes colloid to be transformed into suspended substance, thereby can be observed the precipitation of lime carbonate and barium sulfate.Then, this colloidal solution is substituted by the solution of new preparation.
In the experimentation that carries out under 38 ℃, it is fast a lot of that the increase of particulate and settling size is wanted.Therefore, all to use new solution every day.
In measuring process, the content of calcium and barium is controlled by atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Streaming system
The synoptic diagram that has shown liquid flow system among Fig. 2.Pipeline is in and comprises in two loops that simulation fluidic container and peristaltic pump (p) be housed.Flow velocity is by height (h) control, and fluid temperature is by thermal capacitor 2 controls.The periodic pressure that this container also is used to avoid occurring at the peristaltic pump on period changes, and this pressure change may influence the oscillation frequency of quartz crystal.
Electrode and instrument
15 mm dias of 5MHz AT-cut and the quartz crystal of 0.3 mm thick have been used in this experiment.This crystalline two sides all is coated with titanium by cathode sputtering.The increase linear dependence of the decay of frequency change and electrode quality.Geometric area (the 0.2cm in the circular titanium zone of fundamental frequency of quartz crystal (5MHz) and germ nucleus -2) cause EQCM mass-sensitive degree to equal 25 * 10 -9G Hz -1Cm -2=25ng Hz -1Cm -2These work quartz crystals (QCM1 shown in Fig. 3 and 4, QCM2 and QCM3) that carried out coating processing are adhesive in the cylindrical fixer, and these fixers are fixed on the pipeline, in three kinds of different modes as shown in Figure 3.Crystalline simultaneously is in the ducted solution, and as working electrode (QCM1 shown in Fig. 3 and 4, QCM2 and QCM3).These crystalline another sides are towards air.
Quartzy working electrode is inserted in three vibrator-QCM driving mechanisms (Fig. 4) of controlling dividually, and it is configured to allow working electrode ground connection.Homemade voltammertry and frequency measuring system (Fig. 4) are used in experiment.In this system, high-precision frequency counter is measured, and measuring accuracy is for being 0.1-0.2Hz in 3 milliseconds for about 5MHz frequency.
In measuring process, all three electrodes are applied identical electromotive force simultaneously, and the frequency that separately is recorded in these quartzy supported electrodes in 600 seconds over time.Then other electromotive force is repeated identical experiment.In this way, just studied under the increment of 0.1V, 1V to the electromotive force of-1V with respect to the relation of standard hydrogen electrode (electromotive force from 0.8V to-1.2V is with respect to the relation of silver/silver chloride/saturated KCl electrode).
The result
1. be that 3l/min (Re=1300) and room temperature (22 ℃) are measured colloidal solution down in flow rate
The result who has shown these measurements among Fig. 5-9.
Under the maximum positive potential in fresh colloidal solution observed low flow rate (Fig. 5) can explain by the particulate of very small dimensions (less than 50 nanometers).In measuring process, this particle can grow up (this grow up after use light scattering technique).When electromotive force changes to negative direction, but still just when regional remain on, this may be exactly the flow rate cause of increased.When next day and the 3rd day in same solution during repeated experiments, be in electromotive force in the positive region to the influence less (Fig. 8 and 9) of poly-group sedimentation rate.
In the negative potential zone, can be observed tangible influence of electric potential-poly-group sedimentation rate descend significantly (Fig. 5,8 and 9).
Fig. 8-with Fig. 5 under the same solution and identical measuring condition that provide, be to carry out but measure in the next day of experiment, shown its result among Fig. 7.Particulate is of a size of about 100 nanometers and is still growing up, but slowly many.Data presentation shown in Fig. 8 the influence of electromotive force (less) to the influence of growing up.Fig. 9-solution is transformed into more apparent oyster white, and the size of particulate is greater than 100 nanometers, and solution is transformed into more apparent oyster white (can observe visually the white of this solution).
Poly-sedimentation rate on these electrodes is very little, this and two days similar (Fig. 6 and 7).Measure (in Fig. 9, having shown the data that are used for bottom electrode) at the 3rd day multiple and disclosed some similarity in the bottom electrode performance, but the absolute value of speed reduces significantly.
2. be increased to 4l/min (Re=1700) and measure colloidal solution down in flow rate in room temperature (22 ℃)
The result who has shown these measurements among Figure 10-12.
The decline of observed sedimentation rate under higher flow (Figure 10 and 11) may be with " to wash away " particulate from electrode surface relevant.
(Reynolds number is respectively 1300 and 1700) all carried out in experiment 1 and 2 at the laminar flow place.At the laminar flow place, rubbing factor reduces with the increase of Reynolds number.The decline (Fig. 9 and 10) of observed sedimentation rate under high flow-rate more may be relevant with lower rubbing factor.
Conclusion
The result shows, lime carbonate and the barium sulfate sedimentation rate on electrode surface depend on applied at 0.8-1.0V (Ag/AgCl 2Reference electrode) DC potential in the scope.In some scope, can be observed the decline of sedimentation rate, and in other scope, can be observed the raising of sedimentation rate.
The result shows that sedimentation rate can descend under higher flow rate, this shows that this effect may be relevant with lower rubbing factor.
Reference
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11) Hewitt, G.F., Shires, G.L, Bott, T.R, heat transfer technology, CRC press, Boca Raton, 1994.
12) Hasson, D., Bramson, D. suppresses the validity that the sedimentary hydromagnetic of calcium carbonate scaling is handled, Ind.Eng.Chem.Process Des.Dev., the 24th phase, 1985.
13) Bockris, J.O.M., Reddy, A.K.N., modern electrochemistry, volume 2A, the 2nd edition, New York, Kluwer Academic/Plenum press, 2000.

Claims (7)

1. one kind is used for reducing the incrustation of the processing unit that contains streaming fluid and/or the method for fouling, by external dc electromotive force on the wall of pipe/conduit, so that remove electrical effect to rubbing factor, the wherein said DC potential that adds is regulated by the regulon that has been transfused to measured fluid characteristics information
It is characterized in that, constantly regulate the described DC potential that adds, make described DC potential that adds and spontaneous electromotive force have accurately identical intensity but have opposite polarity that described spontaneous electromotive force is because the interaction between streaming fluid and wall material and to gather electric charge on described wall caused.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the measured fluid characteristics information that will be in the pipe/conduit part upstream in the described dc fields inputs to described regulon, measured fluid characteristics is one or more in the following characteristic group, and this characteristic group comprises: concentration, specific conductivity, the pressure and temperature of contained specific ion in mean flow rate, corrosion potential, pH value, the fluid.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, and described DC potential is in-and 5.0V is to the scope of+5.0V.
4. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, and described DC potential is in-and 2.5V is to the scope of+2.5V.
5. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, and described DC potential is in-and 1.0V is to the scope of+1.0V.
6. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described fluid be gaseous state or liquid current downflow pure fluid, colloid fluid, comprise the mixture of the single-phase or heterogeneous fluid of the fluid, some kinds of the inclusion of particulate form, the perhaps mixture of one or more in these fluids.
7. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described fluid can have the Reynolds number in 1 to 5000000 scope.
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RU2482413C2 (en) * 2011-06-29 2013-05-20 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Казанский государственный технический университет им. А.Н. Туполева (КГТУ-КАИ) Method to prevent formation and growth of carbonaceous deposits on walls of heat exchange channels
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