CA2622847A1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2622847A1
CA2622847A1 CA002622847A CA2622847A CA2622847A1 CA 2622847 A1 CA2622847 A1 CA 2622847A1 CA 002622847 A CA002622847 A CA 002622847A CA 2622847 A CA2622847 A CA 2622847A CA 2622847 A1 CA2622847 A1 CA 2622847A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
section
heat exchanger
cooling
pipe
coupling element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002622847A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2622847C (en
Inventor
Giuseppe Belmonte
Gennaro Calabritto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eni SpA
Original Assignee
Eni S.P.A.
Giuseppe Belmonte
Gennaro Calabritto
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eni S.P.A., Giuseppe Belmonte, Gennaro Calabritto filed Critical Eni S.P.A.
Publication of CA2622847A1 publication Critical patent/CA2622847A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2622847C publication Critical patent/CA2622847C/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D7/0083—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to a supplementary heat exchange medium, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent units arranged in common flow of supplementary heat exchange medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0229—Double end plates; Single end plates with hollow spaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/26—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1892—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being water/steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0075—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for syngas or cracked gas cooling systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being spirally coiled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

Heat exchanger for cooling a high temperature gas leaving a reaction unit/device, comprising a coupling element to the reaction unit/device (A), a gas transportation and cooling pipe (B) and a covering shell (C).

Description

HEAT EXCHANGER

The present invention relates to a heat exchanger.
More specifically, the present invention relates to a heat exchanger for the rapid cooling of high temperature gas.

Even more specifically, the present invention relates to a heat exchanger for the cooling of synthesis gas (syn-gas) coming from the catalytic partial oxidation of light hydrocarbons, for example methane, known as Catalytic Par-tial Oxidation (CPO).

It is known that the preparation of syngas, a gaseous blend containing H2 and CO in various proportions, can be effected by the catalytic partial oxidation of natural gas, methane or gaseous/liquid hydrocarbon mixtures, from refin-ery or petrochemical facilities, in fixed bed tubular reac-tors which can operate, depending on the catalyst used, at a pressure ranging from 1 to 150 atm and temperatures higher than 500 C, which, in some cases, can reach and ex-ceed 1,000 C.

The rapid cooling of syngas at the outlet of the reac-tion unit is a necessity not to be neglected, as if this gas is maintained at those temperatures, even for short pe-riods of time, it can give undesired by-products, such as alcohols or olefins (substantially ethylene and propylene) or even regenerate the starting methane. Systems for rap-idly cooling a gas which is at a high temperature, are men-tioned in literature, for example in the patents US
2,896,927 and US 4,377,132 or in "Syngas Cooler Systems for Gasification Plants", an ALSTOM brochure. Some methods and relevant equipment include the direct cooling of gas by means of water (quenching) . This solution however has the drawback of having to separate the cooled syngas from the aqueous vapour formed.

Other industrial systems consist of equipment for in-direct cooling, which allow the recovery of heat contained in syngas, for the production of high pressure steam.

The object of the present invention relates to a de-vice for the effective and rapid indirect cooling of syngas in applications in which the thermal recovery of the sensi-ble heat of the gas is not required, for engineering sim-plicity or for economical reasons. For example in the pro-duction of hydrogen in medium- small-scale systems.

The Applicants have therefore found a heat exchanger, particularly suitable for the rapid cooling of gases which are at a temperature higher than 500 C, for example between 750 and 1100 C, and which allows to avoid any contact be-tween the hot gas and the cooling liquid, normally water.

The object of the present invention therefore relates to a heat exchanger for the rapid cooling of a gas at high temperature, leaving a reaction unit/device, which com-prises a coupling element to the reaction unit/device, a gas cooling and transportation pipe and a covering shell, in which:

a) the coupling element, substantially cylindrical, is situated between the reaction unit and the shell of the exchanger, it is internally cooled by means of a cool-ing fluid, normally water, and is axially connected, by means of a pass-through duct, to the feeding line of the hot gas coming from the reaction unit;

b) the transportation and cooling pipe of the hot gas is fixed to the base of the coupling element, connected to the reaction unit, at the pass-through duct, said hot gas transportation and cooling pipe consisting of two sections:

- the first section, substantially linear, is in-serted in a coaxial position in a second pipe hav-ing a larger diameter which covers it, so as to form an annular hollow space in which the cooling fluid, generally water, flows, an end of said first section forming the pass-through duct of the cou-pling element;

- the second section, fixed in a continuous manner to the first section, at the other end, substantially curved in a semicircle, spirally envelopes, without touching it, at least part of said first jacketed section;

c) the covering shell is -substantially cylindrical, closed at one end and open at the other end, it is connected to said coupling element, and comprises at least the openings for discharging the cooling liquid and the cooled gas.

According to the present invention, the coupling ele-ment is axially crossed by the pass-through duct, connected to the reaction device, for example a CPO reactor for the production of syngas at a temperature ranging from 500 to 1100 C.

The external pipe which covers the first section of the transportation pipe of the hot gas is connected, at one end, to one or more specific feeding ducts of the cooling liquid, which pass through the coupling element. The cou-pling element, moreover, is independently cooled by means of a duct which feeds the cooling liquid in correspondence with its axis. Said fluid is discharged from the element, after following a spiral path from the inside outwards, by means of an opening connected to the side surface of the element itself.

In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the cooling fluid circulating inside the coupling element (for independent cooling) can be discharged inside the vol-ume contained in the shell of the exchanger.

The other end of the second pipe, which covers the first section, is free and ends with the curved section, substantially in a semicircle, so that the cooling liquid can debouch freely, but in the opposite direction, into the closed space of the shell, after flowing in the jacket be-tween the two pipes.

The path of the liquid inside the shell volume is guided by baffles, orthogonal to the axis, which also act as a support for both sections of the gas transportation pipe.

The second section of the transportation and cooling pipe is substantially continuous to the first one, without interruption, and develops in a spiral. In order to save space, the spirals preferably envelop, without touching it, the first section of the covered pipe. It is possible how-ever for the spirals to develop downstream of the first section.

The other end of the transportation pipe, i.e. the end of the spiral section, is connected to an opening present on the shell for the discharge of the cooled gas outside the heat exchanger, object of the present invention.

The shell has a substantially cylindrical form with the diameter of the base substantially identical to that of the coupling element and larger than the diameter of the spirals. In this way, the shell includes in its inner space the pipe system of the first and second section. The space of the shell is filled with the cooling fluid, which is discharged by the exchanger through a proper discharge opening. In an alternative embodiment of the present inven-tion, the circulating liquid, destined for the cooling of the coupling element, also converges into the shell space.
The total liquid is discharged from the exchanger, object of the present invention, through the proper opening situ-ated on the shell. In any case, whether operating with the first or second alternative embodiment, the pipe system of the first and second section is completely immersed in the cooling liquid.

The heat exchanger object of the present invention can be better understood by referring to the schemes of the en-closed figures which represent an illustrative but non-limiting, embodiment, and wherein:

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal, flat sectional view of the overall exchanger;

Figure 2 represents a front flat view of the scheme of Figure 1, produced according to the section ZZ.

With reference to the figures, the heat exchanger, ob-ject of the present invention, comprises the coupling ele-ment A, the pipe system for the gas transportation and cooling B and the shell C.

The coupling element A also includes the ducts 1 and 2 for the feeding of the cooling fluid (water), which con-verge into the coaxial duct 7, and the cooling duct 4, for the independent cooling of the coupling element, which feeds the water to the center of the spiral 4', from which it exits through 5.

The gas transportation and cooling pipe system B com-prises the first pipe section 6, the coaxial pipe which jackets it 7 and the second section of the spiral pipe 8.

The first section of the pipe 6 includes, in turn, the first end 3, coinciding with the axial pass-through duct of the element A, and the second curvilinear end 3'. The coax-ial pipe 7 jackets the first section starting from the end 3 until the curved end 3'. At this end (3') the coaxial pipe is not closed, to allow the water to be discharged in-side the shell, as will be described further on.

The shell C includes the discharge opening 9 of the cooled gas, the discharge opening 10 of the water and the supporting baffles 11 of the two sections of the gas trans-portation pipe.
The operation of the heat exchanger, object of the present invention, will appear evident on the basis of the drawings and what is described above. In particular, the hot gas 12, leaving the reaction unit (not shown), is in-troduced into the heat exchanger by means of the pass-through duct 3 of the coupling element A. The gas flows into the first section 6 of the cooling and transportation pipe B and subsequently into the second section 8, to be then discharged at a low temperature through the discharge opening of the gas 9. As the gas flows through the first section 6, it undergoes a first rapid cooling by means of the water, fed through 1 and 2, which circulates inside the annular hollow space between the pipes 6 and 7, up to the end 3'. Here, the water flows freely in the closed space of the shell, filling it, it further cools the gas flowing through the section 8 of the cooling pipe and is discharged from the opening 10.

During operation, in order to prevent overheating of the coupling element, the latter is cooled by means of the specific system consisting of the duct 4, which feeds water to the system 4' developping in a spiral, and of the dis-charge duct 5.

Claims (8)

1. A heat exchanger for the rapid cooling of a gas at high temperature, leaving a reaction unit/device, which comprises a coupling element to the reaction unit/device (A), a gas cooling and transportation pipe (B) and a cover-ing shell (C), in which:

a) the coupling element (A), substantially cylindrical, is situated between the reaction unit and the exchanger shell (C), it is internally cooled by means of a cool-ing fluid, normally water, and is axially connected, by means of a pass-through duct (3), to the feeding line of the hot gas (12) coming from the reaction unit;

b) the hot gas transportation and cooling pipe (B) is fixed to the base of the coupling element (A), con-nected to the reaction unit, at the pass-through duct (3), said hot gas transportation and cooling pipe con-sisting of two sections:

- the first section (6), substantially linear, is inserted in a coaxial position into a second pipe (7) having a larger diameter which jackets it, so as to form an annular hollow space in which the cooling fluid, normally water, flows, an end (3) of said first section forming the pass-through duct of the coupling element;

- the second section (8), fixed in a continuous manner to the first section (6), at the other end (3'), substantially curved in a semicircle, spi-rally envelopes, without touching it, at least part of said first covered section (6);

c) the covering shell (C) is substantially cylindrical, closed at one end and open at the other end, connected to said coupling element and comprises at least the openings for discharging the cooling liquid (10) and the cooled gas (9).
2. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the external pipe (7) which jackets the first section (6) of the transportation tube (B) of the hot gas is connected, at one end, to one or more specific feeding ducts of the cool-ing liquid (1, 2), which cross the coupling element (A).
3. The heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the coupling element (A) comprises an independent duct (4) which feeds the cooling liquid in correspondence with its axis, said cooling fluid being discharged by means of an opening (5) connected to the side surface of the element itself, after following a spiral path (4') from the inside outwards.
4. The heat exchanger according to any of the previous claims, wherein the other end of the second pipe (7) which covers the first section (6) is free and ends with a curvi-linear section, so that the cooling liquid can debouch freely, in the opposite direction, into the hollow space of the shell, after flowing in the jacket between the two pipes.
5. The heat exchanger according to any of the previous claims, wherein the second section (8) of the cooling and transportation pipe is essentially continuous to the first section, without interruptions, and develops in a spiral.
6. The heat exchanger according to any of the previous claims, wherein the other end of the transportation pipe, i.e. the end of the spiral section, is connected to an opening (9) on the cover for discharging the cooled gas outside the heat exchanger.
7. The heat exchanger according to any of the previous claims, wherein the shell (C) has a substantially cylindri-cal form, with the base diameter substantially identical to that of the coupling element and larger than the diameter of the spirals.
8. The heat exchanger according to any of the previous claims, wherein the shell (C) contains in its inner space the pipe system of the first and second section, said space being filled by the cooling liquid which is discharged from the exchanger through the proper discharge opening (10).
CA2622847A 2005-09-30 2006-09-26 Heat exchanger Active CA2622847C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI2005A001834 2005-09-30
IT001834A ITMI20051834A1 (en) 2005-09-30 2005-09-30 HEAT EXCHANGER
PCT/EP2006/009376 WO2007039199A1 (en) 2005-09-30 2006-09-26 Heat exchanger

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2622847A1 true CA2622847A1 (en) 2007-04-12
CA2622847C CA2622847C (en) 2014-07-08

Family

ID=36097257

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA2622847A Active CA2622847C (en) 2005-09-30 2006-09-26 Heat exchanger

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US20080202734A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1929230B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101278165B (en)
AP (1) AP2747A (en)
AT (1) ATE490445T1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0616773B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2622847C (en)
DE (1) DE602006018633D1 (en)
DK (1) DK1929230T3 (en)
EA (1) EA011836B1 (en)
IT (1) ITMI20051834A1 (en)
MA (1) MA30001B1 (en)
NO (1) NO339343B1 (en)
UA (1) UA90736C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2007039199A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016029093A1 (en) * 2014-08-22 2016-02-25 Simple Approach Systems, Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for converting varied source industry waste into energy
CN106679467B (en) * 2017-02-28 2019-04-05 郑州大学 Shell-and-tube heat exchanger with external bobbin carriage
CN106855367B (en) * 2017-02-28 2024-01-26 郑州大学 Shell-and-tube heat exchanger with distributed inlets and outlets
US11662127B2 (en) * 2020-09-04 2023-05-30 Intellihot, Inc. Electric heating and cooling system

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1929230A1 (en) 2008-06-11
AP2008004435A0 (en) 2008-04-30
AP2747A (en) 2013-09-30
EA200800649A1 (en) 2008-10-30
CA2622847C (en) 2014-07-08
WO2007039199A1 (en) 2007-04-12
ATE490445T1 (en) 2010-12-15
CN101278165B (en) 2010-05-19
NO20081431L (en) 2008-06-13
DE602006018633D1 (en) 2011-01-13
MA30001B1 (en) 2008-12-01
US20080202734A1 (en) 2008-08-28
BRPI0616773B1 (en) 2018-10-23
BRPI0616773A2 (en) 2013-01-01
CN101278165A (en) 2008-10-01
EP1929230B1 (en) 2010-12-01
EA011836B1 (en) 2009-06-30
NO339343B1 (en) 2016-11-28
DK1929230T3 (en) 2011-03-21
ITMI20051834A1 (en) 2007-04-01
UA90736C2 (en) 2010-05-25

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