CA2597762A1 - System and method for the detection, recording and reporting of hazardous materials and illegal activity - Google Patents
System and method for the detection, recording and reporting of hazardous materials and illegal activity Download PDFInfo
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- CA2597762A1 CA2597762A1 CA002597762A CA2597762A CA2597762A1 CA 2597762 A1 CA2597762 A1 CA 2597762A1 CA 002597762 A CA002597762 A CA 002597762A CA 2597762 A CA2597762 A CA 2597762A CA 2597762 A1 CA2597762 A1 CA 2597762A1
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- sensor
- detection unit
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
- G08B21/12—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to undesired emission of substances, e.g. pollution alarms
- G08B21/16—Combustible gas alarms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0073—Control unit therefor
- G01N33/0075—Control unit therefor for multiple spatially distributed sensors, e.g. for environmental monitoring
Abstract
A system and method for the detection, recording, and reporting of matter and energy related to hazardous and illegal substances in enclosed and semi-enclosed spaces. The system and method relate to the early detection of hazardous materials and illegal actions commonly associated with criminal and terrorist activities. This "around-the-clock" security shield integrates audio, video and sensor detection (passive deterrence) with real-time monitoring, communications, and data recording (active deterrence). The system can function as a stationary or mobile recording-reporting device for the detection of biological agents, toxic chemicals, dirty bombs, electromagnetic radiation, human presence, drugs associated with volatile organic chemicals (VOCs), and occasions of negligent oversight. The primary component of the system is a solid-state detection unit housed in a compact case which may be mounted for mobile or stationary applications. The detection unit includes a variety of detectors and sensors, power supply, and communication interfaces.
The detection units are continuously monitored by a central monitoring center, where controllers may view data from each detection unit and respond to events triggered by the detection units.
The detection units are continuously monitored by a central monitoring center, where controllers may view data from each detection unit and respond to events triggered by the detection units.
Description
SYSTEM AND METHOD.FOR THE DETECTION, RECORDING Al'3.D REPORTING
OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND ILLEGAL ACTI'VITY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001]; The invention is a system and method for the detection, recording, and reporting of matter and energy related to hazardous and illegal substances in enclosed and semi-enclosed spaces. The system and method relate to the early detection of hazardous materials and illegal actions commonly associated with criminal and terrorist activities. This "around-the-clock"
security shield integrates audio, video and sensor detection (passive deterrence) with real-time monitoring, communications, and data recording (active deterrence).
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND ILLEGAL ACTI'VITY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001]; The invention is a system and method for the detection, recording, and reporting of matter and energy related to hazardous and illegal substances in enclosed and semi-enclosed spaces. The system and method relate to the early detection of hazardous materials and illegal actions commonly associated with criminal and terrorist activities. This "around-the-clock"
security shield integrates audio, video and sensor detection (passive deterrence) with real-time monitoring, communications, and data recording (active deterrence).
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002]- Most anti-terrorism experts agree that present security rneasures in the United States are woefully inadequate. The nagging problem of cargo containers is but one example.
Thousands of these containers enter U.S. ports every day, and then move by truck and rail to our major cities, towns and villages. Manpower requirements and budget woes make comprehensive inspections an impossible dream in the minds of those responsible. Lacking the proper resources on the one hand, and beset byrtime constraints and togistical problems on the other hand, authorities must now content themselves with inspecting only a tiny fraction of the total'volume of cargo shipments.
Thousands of these containers enter U.S. ports every day, and then move by truck and rail to our major cities, towns and villages. Manpower requirements and budget woes make comprehensive inspections an impossible dream in the minds of those responsible. Lacking the proper resources on the one hand, and beset byrtime constraints and togistical problems on the other hand, authorities must now content themselves with inspecting only a tiny fraction of the total'volume of cargo shipments.
[0003] The overburdened inspection process is further compromised by the general lack of security in freight operations. Tnsurance providers for the container industry report that as many as 5% of international container movements develop some kind of problem during transit.
Too often cargo containers are misrouted, stolen, lost, damaged and/or excessively delayed.
Generally speaking, these problems represent a hodgepodge of causes, from sloppy, human error to devious criminal intent.
Too often cargo containers are misrouted, stolen, lost, damaged and/or excessively delayed.
Generally speaking, these problems represent a hodgepodge of causes, from sloppy, human error to devious criminal intent.
[0004] Cargo containers, as a measure of inadequate security, represent only the tip of the iceberg. There are other glaring examples, such as rental trucks, truck-trailers, distribution centers, railroad cars, and personnel entry points for airports, schools, buildings, subways, train stations, sports arenas, concert halls, theme parks, etc. One could go on citing examples of security risks but, suffice it to say, the invention was developed to enhance public security, to frustrate and prevent criminal and terrorist activity before the intent can be realized.
[0005] When the invention was in the initial design stage, the primary focus was the "wish list" of reporting and detection needs set forth by govemment authorities and the shipping industry. Out of that study came the design goal: the creation of a device that would fivstra.te criminal and terrorist activity in the making and, at the same time, provide the shipping and transportation industry with the means to eliminate many of the oversight errors that drive up costs, infuriate shippers, thwart the inspection process, and impose yet another element of risk on public security. There will probably never be an absolute public safeguard but, in the interim, vigilance and early detection are surely the next best thing, and the invention provides both.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006]= Briefly stated, the system of the invention can function as a stationary or mobile recording-reporting device fo.r;the detection of biological agents, toxic chemicals, dirty bombs, electromagnetic radiation, human presence, drugs associated with volatile organic chemicals, and occasions of negligent oversight.
[00071 The primary component of the system is a solid-state detection unit housed in a compact case which may be mounted for mobile or stationary applications. The detection unit includes a variety of detectors and sensors, a processor or controller, a power supply, and communications interfaces. Units are installed in various locations, and each unit is in continuous communication with a monitoring. center via a monitoring system.
[00071 The primary component of the system is a solid-state detection unit housed in a compact case which may be mounted for mobile or stationary applications. The detection unit includes a variety of detectors and sensors, a processor or controller, a power supply, and communications interfaces. Units are installed in various locations, and each unit is in continuous communication with a monitoring. center via a monitoring system.
[0008) In its mobile configuration (for use in, e.g., cargo containers, railroad cars, trucks, etc.) the case is mounted inside the cargo carrier. A tlxin peel-and-press solar panel and embedded antenna array is mounted on the exterior of the =cargo carrier. The unit is powered by two independent storage batteries and is equipped with a plug-in interface for an external battery charger. The solar panel automatically recharges the batteries. Each unit is equipped with a "sleep & stand-by" power saving mode. Multiple detectors in the unit scan the cargo as it is loaded into the carrier, and they continue to scan on preset time intervals after the carrier is sealed and in transport, monitoring the interior for any buildups or leaks of hazardous materials.
A GPS unit provides information on the geographic location of the unit. The antenna array is used to transmit and receive data to and from a reporting and monitoring facility.
A GPS unit provides information on the geographic location of the unit. The antenna array is used to transmit and receive data to and from a reporting and monitoring facility.
[0009]' In its stationary configuration (for use in, e.g., warehouses, distribution centers, personnel and vehicle entry points, etc.) the detection unit may be shrouded as appropriate for the particular application and hardwired for power. In the event of a power failure, the two independent storage batteries act as a redundant power supply.
[0010] There is nothing problematic about the individual technologies that the system employs. All of the components (sensors, data recorder, GPS system, etc.) are high quality solid-state units that are in individual use today. This marriage of proven technologies, and the creation of a tamper-proof housing unit with multiple reporting features, will raise the level of public security and increase the efficiency of cargo movements on land and sea, a combination that has long been needed.~
[0011] The detection unit includes multiple anti-tamper devices within its casing. If a detector is damaged the unit will report and record the event; if the antenna array is disabled, the master system will report the event and alert authorities. In either instance, authorities can access the data recorder at the next checkpoint to determine the extent of the tampering. If the unit stops reporting altogether, something is wrong 'and the cargo carrier will be physically investigated at the first opportunity.
[0012]' Detection units can be installed or retrofitted to monitor and safeguard a wide variety of cargo carriers and facilities including, for example, the following: shipping containers, rental trucks, trailer-trucks, railroad cars, cargo bays and holds, loading docks, elevators, warehouses, distribution centers, weigh stations, border checkpoints, storage facilities and units, baggage handling facilities, trucking fleets (e.g., commercial delivery service and private *
delivery fleets), personnel entry points (e.g., to airports, schools, buildings, subways, train stations, sports arenas, concert balls), and vehicle entrances to critical facilities (e.g., power plants, refineries, nuclear facilities and storage sites, ports, manufacturing plants, railroad stations, bus terminals, airports, water reservoirs and purification plants, dams, and military installations).
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DR.AWINGS
delivery fleets), personnel entry points (e.g., to airports, schools, buildings, subways, train stations, sports arenas, concert balls), and vehicle entrances to critical facilities (e.g., power plants, refineries, nuclear facilities and storage sites, ports, manufacturing plants, railroad stations, bus terminals, airports, water reservoirs and purification plants, dams, and military installations).
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DR.AWINGS
[0013] Fig. I depicts a detection unit including the solid-state components and integrated circuit board.
[0014]' Fig. 2 illustrates the peel-and-paste solar panel mat with embedded antennas for use with a detection unit.
[0015] Fig. 3 depicts the sensors and the types of data that are processed, recorded and reported by the detection unit.
[0016] Fig. 4 illustrates the detection unit communication& with controllers and authorities.
[00171 Fig. 5 depicts the ways that the detection unit issues event notifications and then activates an audio and/or video response upon command from the monitoring system.
[0018] Fig. 6 shows the monitoring system of the invention implemented on a wide area network (WAN) with monitoring centers.
[0019]: Fig. 7 shows the local area network (LAN) for a monitoring center of the system.
[0020], Fig. 8 shows a sample controller's screen display at a monitoring=center:
[00211. Fig. 9 shows a sample event report summary as displayed on portable computer screen display for use by a government agency or shipping company.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVEMION
[0022] The central component of the system of the invention is detection unit=2 as shown in Fig. 1. An integrated circuit board 4 contains the processor 6, many of the solid-state detectors and sensors, and various communications ports which are described in detail below.
Circuit board 4 and other components of detection unit 2 are mounted in a housing 8, which is preferably an aluminum case with dimensions of approximately one foot wide by four feet long by one inch thick. If required for a particular application, the dimensions of housing 8 may be made smaller.
[0023], Processor 6 controls all of the functions of detection unit 2 and is conneoted to receive inputs from the various sensors and detectors. Processor 6 processes and controls the storage and transmission of data from detection unit 2. Any suitable microprocessor or microcontroller, with appropriate associated interface and memory circuits, may be used.
Processor 6 is progammed to detect "events" based on inputs from the various sensors and detectors, and to generate and transmit a signal to a monitoring center in response to the detection of such an event. Processor 6 may also be programmed to aetivate cameras, microphones and other devices upon command from the monitoring system.. In addition, processor 6 manages the power-saving modes and all other operating parameters of detection unit 2.
[0024]; Detection unit 2 is powered by two independent storage batteries 10 a,b and is equipped with a plug-in interface for an= extemal battery charger (not shown).
Batteries 10 a,b preferably have a usage life of six months without recharging.
[00251,. As shown in Fig. 2, an integrated solar panel and antenna array 12 is provided, Preferably, panel 12 is a thin, flexible, self-adhesive "peel-and press" solar cell mat with embedded antennas 14 a,b. Solar panel and antenna array 12 may eonveniently be mounted on the exterior of a mobile cargo container, truck, etc. Solar panel and antenna arra.y 12 is connected to circuit board 4 via a cable (not shown) that plugs into watertight, tamper-proof connectors 16 a,b and automatically and continuously recharges batteries 10 a,b.
Detectors and Sensors in the Detection Unit [0026]. A wide variety of sensors and detectors can be included in detection unit 2, and the configuration can be varied for the particular application. In a mobile application, sensors can be activated periodically and turned off at intervals to conserve power.
In a hard'-wired stationary application, the sensors may operate continuously. To achieve the full benefits of the invention, detection unit 2 preferably includes the following types of detectors and sensors, which are preferably solid-state devices mounted on circuit board 4 or, if not suitable for board mounting, elsewhere within housing 8 or at the location to be monitored:
[00271 Micro Bomb Detector 18: A"dirty. bomb" consists of low-level radioactive material propagated by a conventional explosive. Many radiation detection devices exist today but few are able to detect the presence of a dirty bomb. Most Geiger tube based devices, for example, improperly report (or fail to report) radiation levels below their low-level range. And CDS (cadmium sulphide) based detectors, when not in very close proxinaity to a dirty bomb, are too slow to report low levels of radioactivity.
[0028] The invention preferably employs a state-of-the-art micro-bomb detector 18 such as the Micro Bomb Detector MBD Series 2240 or Electronic Dosimeter DMC 2000XB.
Such devices can identify the presence of low-level radiation and radioisotopes associated with dirty bombs. This type of detector has a solid-state, higli-gain sensor with long distance range, and an intelligent microprocessor that processes the amplified signal 67 times a second, thus controlling outputs and signal to report ambient radiation levels.
[00291 Micro-bomb detector 18 serves as a highly tuned early warning system for dirty bombs by integrating a solid-state radiation detector, an ultra high-gain amplifier, and an intelligent microprocessor to filter out background radiation. The chances of locating a dirty bomb or suspicious radioisotopes wiU increase exponentially as micro bomb detectors begin to travel throughout our communities and highway system.
[0030]. Multi-Gas Analyzer 20: Detection unit 2 includes a multi-gas analyzer 20 that detects and identifies chemical agents and toxic industrial chemicals: Gas analyzer 20 uses.
surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor arrays and electrochemical cells to detect gases such as:
= VX V-agents = GA Tabum = GB Sarin = GD Soman.
= GF Cyclohexyl Sarin = HD Mustard = HN3 Nitrogen Mustard = AC Hydrogen Cyanide = CG Phosgene = Hydride GasesArsine, Diborane, Silane = Halogen Gases Chlorine, Fluorine, Bromine = Acidic Gases Sulfur Dioxide [00311 Electromagnetic Itadiation '("EMR") Detector 22: Detection unit 2 includes an electromagnetic radiation detector 22 that can locate the source of electromagnetic interference quickly and reliably. Consisting of a built-in antenna, amplifier and Schottky barrier detection diodes, EMR detector 22 can cover a frequency range of 50 Hz to 1500 MHz with a typical sensitivity of 2514V/cm (500 IvIHz, far field setting). Detector 22 has three positions: Qil', High Sensitivity (far field) and Low Sensitivity (near field). It is ideally suited for the following applications:
= Tracing local sources of electromagnetic interference (EMI) = EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) pre-testing = Quick radiation check for transmitters = Type Broadband radio frequency range (approx. 50 Hz to 1500 MHz) = Typical sensitivity 25yV/cm (at 500MHz, far field setting) [0032] Volatile Organic Compound ("VOC") Detector 24: Detection unit 2 includes a photo-ionization detector 24 that provides linear, part-per-million readings for many toxic gases and vapors that are virtually undetectable by any other means. VOC detector 24 can incorporate substance specific toxic sensors, and it is well suited for the measurement of volatile organic compounds such as gasoline, benzene, paint, degreasers, jet fuel, and most organic solvents.
[0033] VOC detector 24 may also include a gas chromatograph which can, for example, analyze benzene in 30 seconds and other organics, such as toluene, ethlbenzene, and m-xlene (BTEX), in two minutes. Accuracy is in the parts-per-billion range, which means that the photoionization detector can accurately measure low levels of VOCs (0-2000 ppm) without the annoyance of false alarms that are so prevalent with other "broadband"
sensors. This is an important feature because many VOCs are toxic at levels well below the sensitivity of most multi-gas monitors.
[0034] Video Detection: Detection unit 2 is equipped with two optical inputs 26 a,b, two digital inputs for telemetry 28 a,b, and two outputs for control 30 a,b. The optical inputs 26 and digital inputs 28 can be used to monitor desired states and conditions, and/or to trigger alarms.
Video inputs are recorded automatically or by remote trigger under control of the monitoring center. One of the digital telemetry inputs 28 may be used to accept an input from motion detector 46; upon detecting motion, an event is recorded and video cameras 32 and/or infrared camera 34 may be activated.
[0035] Upon command (either at an automatic preset interval controlled by processor 6 or by a remote real-time check initiated by a controller at a monitoring center), forward and aft video/still cameras 32 a,b take single pictures, or live video feed, and transmit them back to the controller via optical inputs 26 a,b. In addition, an infrared camera 34 can be triggered when the truck-trailer, container, warehouse or other enclosed space is sealed to detect for human presence.
[0036J: Audio Detection: Detection unit - 2 includes a microphone 36. In the event the video system is somehow disabled, the controller can trigger microphone 36 and listen for movement or voice sounds inside the trailer-truck, contaiti,er, warehouse or other enclosed space when it is sealed . If desired, conversations during loading operations can also be monitored and/or recorded by the controller at a monitoring center.
[0037J Access Detection: Detection unit 2 is equipped with one or more proximity sensors 38. Each time the doors are opened on the carrier, warehouse or other enclosed space, proximity sensor 38 will trigger a digital camera 40 and send an event transmission to the monitoring center if the electronic lock mode is ' on". Digital camera 40 acts as a security camera, recording events at preset time intervals for so long as the doors of the space remain open.
[0038] Location Detection: For mobile applications, detection unit 2 is equipped with a global positioning system (GPS) device 42 that provides real-time geogmphic location reporting continuously or upon demand. Data from the GPS device 42 is recorded at preset intervals.
[0039] Humidity Sensor: Detection unit 2 is equipped with a humidity sensor 44 that records at preset intervals. Humidity sensor 44 sends an event transmission to the monitoring center whenever the humidity exceeds the preset limit.
[0040] Interior Motion Detection: Detection unit 2 is equipped with an interior motion detector 46 which will respond to any undue movement (humans moving about, shifting cargo, etc.) within the carrier or other enclosed space when it is sealed . Motion sensor 46, responds by triggering video cameras 32 and sending an event transmission to the monitoring center.
[0041] Temperature Sensor: Detection unit 2 is equipped with a temperature sensor 48 that records at preset intervals and sends an "event" transmission to the monitoring center whenever the temperature exceeds a preset limit.
[0042]' Manifest & Weight Input: Detection unit 2 is equipped with a slot plug 50 that acts as a scanner interface and a weight mat data input connector. Shippers and transporters can upload weight and manifest information into the internal data storage unit, if they so choose.
[0043] Vibration & Shock Detection: Detection unit 2 is equipped with a vibration/shock detector 52 which sends an event transmission to the monitoring center whenever the shock or vibration impact exceeds the preset limit.
[0044] RFID: Detection unit 2 includes a radio frequency identification (RFID) device 54 which can automatically identify the unit for inspection via a laptop computer or hand-held device. This feature is especially advantageous for inspection at facilities such as ports, border stations, highway checkpoints and the like.
[0045] External Detector Input Port: An external detector input port 56 permits the connection of an external device such as a weighing system, or a video camera for, e.g., inspection of the underside of a vehicle at a vehicle access point. The port accepts analog or digital inputs from the external device.
[0046] Air pump: An air pump 58 may be included to provide air samples to multi-gas analyzer 20 and VOC detector 24, if necessary. An air pump is not needed for ambient air detectors.
[0047] Tamper Detection: Various devices and systems may be incorporated into detection unit 2 to detect any tempering. For example, if case 8 is opened or if detection unit 2 is removed from its installed location an event signal is generated and sent to the monitoring center.
REPORTING & DATA RECORDING
[0048] Historical Data Storage: Detection unit 2 is equipped with an intemal data storage unit 60: Data storage unit 60 preferably utilizes flash memory, which is reliable, non-volatile and consumes little power, but a hard disc drive or the like may also be used. As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, data recorded by the sensors, detectors, cameras, microphone and OPS is routed by processor 6 to data storage unit 60. The data can be xetained in data storage unit 60 for at least 90 days. The stored data will provide a history of GPS locations, hazardous material detections, the time and place carrier doors were opened and closed, and any instances of unit tampering.
[0049) The recording/reporting system software includes an intelligent data-logging capability, which means that shippers and/or transporters can select particular data for recording based on time interval, distance and event. The data selected can be rnaintained in internal data storage unit 60 for weeks or months.
[0050] As shown in Figs. 4 and 5, detection unit 2 includes wireless transceiver 62 by which detection unit 2 can maintain continuous contact with the monitoring system. TransCeivey 62 is also used to upload data to the monitoring system, send event notifications to the monitoring centers, and receive commands from a monitoring center, and permits polling of the detection unit 2 by the monitoring system.
[0051a-,:.: As shown in Fig. 6, the monitoring system operates on a wide area network (WAN) comprising monitoring centers 64a-g, each of which may be assigned to cover, e.g., a particular geographic region or type of installation. Although satellite 66 is shown the WAN
communications may occur by wired or wireless telephone, satellite, or other means. Each monitoring center 64 may operate as a local area network (LAI*T) as shown in Fig. 7. The LAN
includes a server or router 68, a plurality of mainframe computers 70 and user stations 72, each including a display 74 for administrators and controllers. The LAN may communicate with the WAN via wired and wireless links 76.
At each monitoring.center 64, mainframe eomputer 70 downloads historical data from the.
detection units 2. Twenty-four hour logistical and communication support will be maintained by monitoring centers 64 and the downloaded data is displayed to keep the controllers updated.
Controllers may view the status of the individual detection units 2 on displays 74.
[0052] A typical controller's screen display 78 is shown in Fig. 8. Unit ID's 80 are displayed for each detection unit 2 monitored by the individual controller.
For each detection unit 2, various information is displayed, including type of event 82 and geographic location 84.
Historical location data 86 may also be displayed, and location and movement may be tracked on map 88. The controller may access data, cameras and microphones via unit access buttons 90.
Video and still photographs may be viewed in screen 92.
[0053] When an event is triggered at a detection unit 2 and the data is transferred via the WAN to the monitoring center 64, mainframe computer 70 will transfer that individual detection unit 2 to a human-controller display 74. An alert with the relevant data may also be automatically transmitted to the federal Homeland Security department, another government agency, the shipping company or other appropriate authority. The agency or shipping company may communicate with the eontroller to determine the cause of the event and take the proper action.
[0054]' As stated earlier, should the mainframe computer 70 lose all contact with a detection unit 2, the mainfiame computer 70 will automatically "red line" the unit and notify the controller. For example, the ID for such a unit may flash on the screen as shown in Fig. 8. In such an event, the monitoring centers and their controllers will have access to Homeland -Security, the shipping companies and other agencies as required.
[0055j The monitoring system is designed to connect with a wide range of cell phone modems, VHF/UHF for digital radios, wireless LAN systems and satellite modems (ORBCOMM). The two-way communication is based on SMS, GPS or IX data packets.
A cell phone/LAN transponder may link to a laptop computer or handheld unit, which allows industry and/or governxnent officials to obtain fast, accurate readouts of both real-time and recorded data 12.
upon demand. This feature is useful for 1aw enforcement personnel doing a spot check of a container or facility, or responding to an event signal. It is also useful for border patrol officers inspecting a truck at a border crossing, security personnel at a vehicle entry point to a facility, and the like. A typical screen display 94 showing event data as seen by the government agency or shipping company on a laptop or handheld unit is depicted in Fig. 9. This display reports the unit T'D 96, the nature of any event 98, the geographic location of the unit 100, historic location 102, mapping of the locations 104, live video feeds 106 and other pertinent informa.tion.
[0056] The monitoring system is designed to report on all concernrns that have been expressed by government agencies and shipping industry, including the following:
= Signed ID of carrier and/or container = Transactions = Dirty bombs . Biological agents = Doors opened/closed = I,ocation - latitudellongitude/altitade = Tampering incidents = Chain of possession = Electromagnetic radiation = Human presence = Presence of drugs associated withVOCs = Silent and mayday reports.
= Toxic chemicals = Intrusion detection = Temperature = Humidity = Undue interior motion [0057] The foregoing is intended to represent one embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Additional modifications and enhancements of the present invention may be apparent to those of skill in the art.
[00171 Fig. 5 depicts the ways that the detection unit issues event notifications and then activates an audio and/or video response upon command from the monitoring system.
[0018] Fig. 6 shows the monitoring system of the invention implemented on a wide area network (WAN) with monitoring centers.
[0019]: Fig. 7 shows the local area network (LAN) for a monitoring center of the system.
[0020], Fig. 8 shows a sample controller's screen display at a monitoring=center:
[00211. Fig. 9 shows a sample event report summary as displayed on portable computer screen display for use by a government agency or shipping company.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVEMION
[0022] The central component of the system of the invention is detection unit=2 as shown in Fig. 1. An integrated circuit board 4 contains the processor 6, many of the solid-state detectors and sensors, and various communications ports which are described in detail below.
Circuit board 4 and other components of detection unit 2 are mounted in a housing 8, which is preferably an aluminum case with dimensions of approximately one foot wide by four feet long by one inch thick. If required for a particular application, the dimensions of housing 8 may be made smaller.
[0023], Processor 6 controls all of the functions of detection unit 2 and is conneoted to receive inputs from the various sensors and detectors. Processor 6 processes and controls the storage and transmission of data from detection unit 2. Any suitable microprocessor or microcontroller, with appropriate associated interface and memory circuits, may be used.
Processor 6 is progammed to detect "events" based on inputs from the various sensors and detectors, and to generate and transmit a signal to a monitoring center in response to the detection of such an event. Processor 6 may also be programmed to aetivate cameras, microphones and other devices upon command from the monitoring system.. In addition, processor 6 manages the power-saving modes and all other operating parameters of detection unit 2.
[0024]; Detection unit 2 is powered by two independent storage batteries 10 a,b and is equipped with a plug-in interface for an= extemal battery charger (not shown).
Batteries 10 a,b preferably have a usage life of six months without recharging.
[00251,. As shown in Fig. 2, an integrated solar panel and antenna array 12 is provided, Preferably, panel 12 is a thin, flexible, self-adhesive "peel-and press" solar cell mat with embedded antennas 14 a,b. Solar panel and antenna array 12 may eonveniently be mounted on the exterior of a mobile cargo container, truck, etc. Solar panel and antenna arra.y 12 is connected to circuit board 4 via a cable (not shown) that plugs into watertight, tamper-proof connectors 16 a,b and automatically and continuously recharges batteries 10 a,b.
Detectors and Sensors in the Detection Unit [0026]. A wide variety of sensors and detectors can be included in detection unit 2, and the configuration can be varied for the particular application. In a mobile application, sensors can be activated periodically and turned off at intervals to conserve power.
In a hard'-wired stationary application, the sensors may operate continuously. To achieve the full benefits of the invention, detection unit 2 preferably includes the following types of detectors and sensors, which are preferably solid-state devices mounted on circuit board 4 or, if not suitable for board mounting, elsewhere within housing 8 or at the location to be monitored:
[00271 Micro Bomb Detector 18: A"dirty. bomb" consists of low-level radioactive material propagated by a conventional explosive. Many radiation detection devices exist today but few are able to detect the presence of a dirty bomb. Most Geiger tube based devices, for example, improperly report (or fail to report) radiation levels below their low-level range. And CDS (cadmium sulphide) based detectors, when not in very close proxinaity to a dirty bomb, are too slow to report low levels of radioactivity.
[0028] The invention preferably employs a state-of-the-art micro-bomb detector 18 such as the Micro Bomb Detector MBD Series 2240 or Electronic Dosimeter DMC 2000XB.
Such devices can identify the presence of low-level radiation and radioisotopes associated with dirty bombs. This type of detector has a solid-state, higli-gain sensor with long distance range, and an intelligent microprocessor that processes the amplified signal 67 times a second, thus controlling outputs and signal to report ambient radiation levels.
[00291 Micro-bomb detector 18 serves as a highly tuned early warning system for dirty bombs by integrating a solid-state radiation detector, an ultra high-gain amplifier, and an intelligent microprocessor to filter out background radiation. The chances of locating a dirty bomb or suspicious radioisotopes wiU increase exponentially as micro bomb detectors begin to travel throughout our communities and highway system.
[0030]. Multi-Gas Analyzer 20: Detection unit 2 includes a multi-gas analyzer 20 that detects and identifies chemical agents and toxic industrial chemicals: Gas analyzer 20 uses.
surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor arrays and electrochemical cells to detect gases such as:
= VX V-agents = GA Tabum = GB Sarin = GD Soman.
= GF Cyclohexyl Sarin = HD Mustard = HN3 Nitrogen Mustard = AC Hydrogen Cyanide = CG Phosgene = Hydride GasesArsine, Diborane, Silane = Halogen Gases Chlorine, Fluorine, Bromine = Acidic Gases Sulfur Dioxide [00311 Electromagnetic Itadiation '("EMR") Detector 22: Detection unit 2 includes an electromagnetic radiation detector 22 that can locate the source of electromagnetic interference quickly and reliably. Consisting of a built-in antenna, amplifier and Schottky barrier detection diodes, EMR detector 22 can cover a frequency range of 50 Hz to 1500 MHz with a typical sensitivity of 2514V/cm (500 IvIHz, far field setting). Detector 22 has three positions: Qil', High Sensitivity (far field) and Low Sensitivity (near field). It is ideally suited for the following applications:
= Tracing local sources of electromagnetic interference (EMI) = EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) pre-testing = Quick radiation check for transmitters = Type Broadband radio frequency range (approx. 50 Hz to 1500 MHz) = Typical sensitivity 25yV/cm (at 500MHz, far field setting) [0032] Volatile Organic Compound ("VOC") Detector 24: Detection unit 2 includes a photo-ionization detector 24 that provides linear, part-per-million readings for many toxic gases and vapors that are virtually undetectable by any other means. VOC detector 24 can incorporate substance specific toxic sensors, and it is well suited for the measurement of volatile organic compounds such as gasoline, benzene, paint, degreasers, jet fuel, and most organic solvents.
[0033] VOC detector 24 may also include a gas chromatograph which can, for example, analyze benzene in 30 seconds and other organics, such as toluene, ethlbenzene, and m-xlene (BTEX), in two minutes. Accuracy is in the parts-per-billion range, which means that the photoionization detector can accurately measure low levels of VOCs (0-2000 ppm) without the annoyance of false alarms that are so prevalent with other "broadband"
sensors. This is an important feature because many VOCs are toxic at levels well below the sensitivity of most multi-gas monitors.
[0034] Video Detection: Detection unit 2 is equipped with two optical inputs 26 a,b, two digital inputs for telemetry 28 a,b, and two outputs for control 30 a,b. The optical inputs 26 and digital inputs 28 can be used to monitor desired states and conditions, and/or to trigger alarms.
Video inputs are recorded automatically or by remote trigger under control of the monitoring center. One of the digital telemetry inputs 28 may be used to accept an input from motion detector 46; upon detecting motion, an event is recorded and video cameras 32 and/or infrared camera 34 may be activated.
[0035] Upon command (either at an automatic preset interval controlled by processor 6 or by a remote real-time check initiated by a controller at a monitoring center), forward and aft video/still cameras 32 a,b take single pictures, or live video feed, and transmit them back to the controller via optical inputs 26 a,b. In addition, an infrared camera 34 can be triggered when the truck-trailer, container, warehouse or other enclosed space is sealed to detect for human presence.
[0036J: Audio Detection: Detection unit - 2 includes a microphone 36. In the event the video system is somehow disabled, the controller can trigger microphone 36 and listen for movement or voice sounds inside the trailer-truck, contaiti,er, warehouse or other enclosed space when it is sealed . If desired, conversations during loading operations can also be monitored and/or recorded by the controller at a monitoring center.
[0037J Access Detection: Detection unit 2 is equipped with one or more proximity sensors 38. Each time the doors are opened on the carrier, warehouse or other enclosed space, proximity sensor 38 will trigger a digital camera 40 and send an event transmission to the monitoring center if the electronic lock mode is ' on". Digital camera 40 acts as a security camera, recording events at preset time intervals for so long as the doors of the space remain open.
[0038] Location Detection: For mobile applications, detection unit 2 is equipped with a global positioning system (GPS) device 42 that provides real-time geogmphic location reporting continuously or upon demand. Data from the GPS device 42 is recorded at preset intervals.
[0039] Humidity Sensor: Detection unit 2 is equipped with a humidity sensor 44 that records at preset intervals. Humidity sensor 44 sends an event transmission to the monitoring center whenever the humidity exceeds the preset limit.
[0040] Interior Motion Detection: Detection unit 2 is equipped with an interior motion detector 46 which will respond to any undue movement (humans moving about, shifting cargo, etc.) within the carrier or other enclosed space when it is sealed . Motion sensor 46, responds by triggering video cameras 32 and sending an event transmission to the monitoring center.
[0041] Temperature Sensor: Detection unit 2 is equipped with a temperature sensor 48 that records at preset intervals and sends an "event" transmission to the monitoring center whenever the temperature exceeds a preset limit.
[0042]' Manifest & Weight Input: Detection unit 2 is equipped with a slot plug 50 that acts as a scanner interface and a weight mat data input connector. Shippers and transporters can upload weight and manifest information into the internal data storage unit, if they so choose.
[0043] Vibration & Shock Detection: Detection unit 2 is equipped with a vibration/shock detector 52 which sends an event transmission to the monitoring center whenever the shock or vibration impact exceeds the preset limit.
[0044] RFID: Detection unit 2 includes a radio frequency identification (RFID) device 54 which can automatically identify the unit for inspection via a laptop computer or hand-held device. This feature is especially advantageous for inspection at facilities such as ports, border stations, highway checkpoints and the like.
[0045] External Detector Input Port: An external detector input port 56 permits the connection of an external device such as a weighing system, or a video camera for, e.g., inspection of the underside of a vehicle at a vehicle access point. The port accepts analog or digital inputs from the external device.
[0046] Air pump: An air pump 58 may be included to provide air samples to multi-gas analyzer 20 and VOC detector 24, if necessary. An air pump is not needed for ambient air detectors.
[0047] Tamper Detection: Various devices and systems may be incorporated into detection unit 2 to detect any tempering. For example, if case 8 is opened or if detection unit 2 is removed from its installed location an event signal is generated and sent to the monitoring center.
REPORTING & DATA RECORDING
[0048] Historical Data Storage: Detection unit 2 is equipped with an intemal data storage unit 60: Data storage unit 60 preferably utilizes flash memory, which is reliable, non-volatile and consumes little power, but a hard disc drive or the like may also be used. As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, data recorded by the sensors, detectors, cameras, microphone and OPS is routed by processor 6 to data storage unit 60. The data can be xetained in data storage unit 60 for at least 90 days. The stored data will provide a history of GPS locations, hazardous material detections, the time and place carrier doors were opened and closed, and any instances of unit tampering.
[0049) The recording/reporting system software includes an intelligent data-logging capability, which means that shippers and/or transporters can select particular data for recording based on time interval, distance and event. The data selected can be rnaintained in internal data storage unit 60 for weeks or months.
[0050] As shown in Figs. 4 and 5, detection unit 2 includes wireless transceiver 62 by which detection unit 2 can maintain continuous contact with the monitoring system. TransCeivey 62 is also used to upload data to the monitoring system, send event notifications to the monitoring centers, and receive commands from a monitoring center, and permits polling of the detection unit 2 by the monitoring system.
[0051a-,:.: As shown in Fig. 6, the monitoring system operates on a wide area network (WAN) comprising monitoring centers 64a-g, each of which may be assigned to cover, e.g., a particular geographic region or type of installation. Although satellite 66 is shown the WAN
communications may occur by wired or wireless telephone, satellite, or other means. Each monitoring center 64 may operate as a local area network (LAI*T) as shown in Fig. 7. The LAN
includes a server or router 68, a plurality of mainframe computers 70 and user stations 72, each including a display 74 for administrators and controllers. The LAN may communicate with the WAN via wired and wireless links 76.
At each monitoring.center 64, mainframe eomputer 70 downloads historical data from the.
detection units 2. Twenty-four hour logistical and communication support will be maintained by monitoring centers 64 and the downloaded data is displayed to keep the controllers updated.
Controllers may view the status of the individual detection units 2 on displays 74.
[0052] A typical controller's screen display 78 is shown in Fig. 8. Unit ID's 80 are displayed for each detection unit 2 monitored by the individual controller.
For each detection unit 2, various information is displayed, including type of event 82 and geographic location 84.
Historical location data 86 may also be displayed, and location and movement may be tracked on map 88. The controller may access data, cameras and microphones via unit access buttons 90.
Video and still photographs may be viewed in screen 92.
[0053] When an event is triggered at a detection unit 2 and the data is transferred via the WAN to the monitoring center 64, mainframe computer 70 will transfer that individual detection unit 2 to a human-controller display 74. An alert with the relevant data may also be automatically transmitted to the federal Homeland Security department, another government agency, the shipping company or other appropriate authority. The agency or shipping company may communicate with the eontroller to determine the cause of the event and take the proper action.
[0054]' As stated earlier, should the mainframe computer 70 lose all contact with a detection unit 2, the mainfiame computer 70 will automatically "red line" the unit and notify the controller. For example, the ID for such a unit may flash on the screen as shown in Fig. 8. In such an event, the monitoring centers and their controllers will have access to Homeland -Security, the shipping companies and other agencies as required.
[0055j The monitoring system is designed to connect with a wide range of cell phone modems, VHF/UHF for digital radios, wireless LAN systems and satellite modems (ORBCOMM). The two-way communication is based on SMS, GPS or IX data packets.
A cell phone/LAN transponder may link to a laptop computer or handheld unit, which allows industry and/or governxnent officials to obtain fast, accurate readouts of both real-time and recorded data 12.
upon demand. This feature is useful for 1aw enforcement personnel doing a spot check of a container or facility, or responding to an event signal. It is also useful for border patrol officers inspecting a truck at a border crossing, security personnel at a vehicle entry point to a facility, and the like. A typical screen display 94 showing event data as seen by the government agency or shipping company on a laptop or handheld unit is depicted in Fig. 9. This display reports the unit T'D 96, the nature of any event 98, the geographic location of the unit 100, historic location 102, mapping of the locations 104, live video feeds 106 and other pertinent informa.tion.
[0056] The monitoring system is designed to report on all concernrns that have been expressed by government agencies and shipping industry, including the following:
= Signed ID of carrier and/or container = Transactions = Dirty bombs . Biological agents = Doors opened/closed = I,ocation - latitudellongitude/altitade = Tampering incidents = Chain of possession = Electromagnetic radiation = Human presence = Presence of drugs associated withVOCs = Silent and mayday reports.
= Toxic chemicals = Intrusion detection = Temperature = Humidity = Undue interior motion [0057] The foregoing is intended to represent one embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Additional modifications and enhancements of the present invention may be apparent to those of skill in the art.
Claims (21)
1. A system for detecting, recording and reporting hazardous materials and unauthorized activity in an enclosed or semi-enclosed space, comprising:
at least one detection unit having at least one sensor for detecting a security event in the space and a data storage unit for recording data from the sensor;
a monitoring system including at least one monitoring center; and communications means for enabling communication between the detection unit and the monitoring system, wherein the detection unit detects a security event based on an input from the sensor and generates and transmits an event signal to the monitoring system via the communication means.
at least one detection unit having at least one sensor for detecting a security event in the space and a data storage unit for recording data from the sensor;
a monitoring system including at least one monitoring center; and communications means for enabling communication between the detection unit and the monitoring system, wherein the detection unit detects a security event based on an input from the sensor and generates and transmits an event signal to the monitoring system via the communication means.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the sensor is a micro bomb detector for detecting low levels of radiation and radioisotopes.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein the sensor is a multi-gas analyzer.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein the sensor is an electromagnetic radiation detector.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein the sensor is a photoionization detector for detecting volatile organic compounds.
6. The system of claim 1 wherein the sensor is a camera.
7. The system of claim 1 wherein the sensor is an audio microphone.
8. The system of claim 1 wherein the sensor is an infrared camera.
9. The system of claim 1 wherein the sensor is a global positioning system device.
10. The system of claim 1 wherein the sensor is a humidity sensor.
11. The system of claim 1 wherein the sensor is a motion detector.
12. The system of claim 1 wherein the sensor is a temperature sensor.
13. The system of claim 1 wherein the sensor is a vibration and shock detector.
14. The system of claim 1 wherein the detection unit comprises a radio frequency identification (RFID) device to uniquely identify the detection unit.
15. The system of claim 1 wherein the communications means comprises a wireless transponder and an antenna.
16. The system of claim 1 wherein the detection unit further comprises a rechargeable battery and a solar panel adapted to recharge the battery.
17. The system of claim 1 wherein the detection unit comprises means to detect tampering with the detection unit.
18. The system of claim 1 further comprising interface means for communicating with a portable computer.
19. A method for detecting, recording and reporting the presence of hazardous materials and unauthorized activity in an enclosed or semi-enclosed space, the method comprising:
providing a detection unit in space, the detection unit having at least one sensor and a data storage unit;
recording data from the sensor in the data storage unit;
generating an event signal based on the data; and transmitting the event signal to a monitoring center via a communications network.
providing a detection unit in space, the detection unit having at least one sensor and a data storage unit;
recording data from the sensor in the data storage unit;
generating an event signal based on the data; and transmitting the event signal to a monitoring center via a communications network.
20. The method of claim 19, further comprising the step of sending a control signal from the monitoring center to the detection unit to activate a sensor in response to the event signal.
21. The method of claim 20, further comprising the step of continuously monitoring the detection unit and sending an alert signal to the monitoring center if communication with the detection unit is interrupted.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US5546105A | 2005-02-10 | 2005-02-10 | |
| US11/055,461 | 2005-02-10 | ||
| PCT/US2006/004495 WO2006086507A2 (en) | 2005-02-10 | 2006-02-09 | System and method for the detection, recording and reporting of hazardous materials and illegal activity |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CA2597762A1 true CA2597762A1 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CA002597762A Abandoned CA2597762A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 | 2006-02-09 | System and method for the detection, recording and reporting of hazardous materials and illegal activity |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1851737A2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101167109A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2597762A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2007009652A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006086507A2 (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106597567A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-04-26 | 北京蓝色星语科技有限公司 | Nuclear and biochemical integrated type automatic monitoring system and monitoring method |
| US11636870B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-04-25 | Denso International America, Inc. | Smoking cessation systems and methods |
| US11760170B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-09-19 | Denso International America, Inc. | Olfaction sensor preservation systems and methods |
| US11760169B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-09-19 | Denso International America, Inc. | Particulate control systems and methods for olfaction sensors |
| US11813926B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-11-14 | Denso International America, Inc. | Binding agent and olfaction sensor |
| US11828210B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-11-28 | Denso International America, Inc. | Diagnostic systems and methods of vehicles using olfaction |
| US11881093B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2024-01-23 | Denso International America, Inc. | Systems and methods for identifying smoking in vehicles |
| US11932080B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2024-03-19 | Denso International America, Inc. | Diagnostic and recirculation control systems and methods |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010127405A1 (en) * | 2009-05-06 | 2010-11-11 | Ts Australia Pty Ltd | A surveillance and recording device |
| CN102202209A (en) * | 2010-03-22 | 2011-09-28 | 天津市技术物理研究所 | Mobile video monitoring system for radiation field |
| CN101943902B (en) * | 2010-08-18 | 2012-01-11 | 北京物资学院 | Safety monitoring system and method for dangerous goods logistics |
| CN103295110A (en) * | 2012-03-03 | 2013-09-11 | 江阴中科今朝科技有限公司 | Modern logistics information system based on hazardous chemical substance transportation |
| EP3527513B1 (en) * | 2018-02-15 | 2020-11-11 | Atmosafe BVBA | Method and system to release a confined stowage unit for unloading or inspection |
| US11328582B1 (en) | 2021-07-07 | 2022-05-10 | T-Mobile Usa, Inc. | Enhanced hazard detection device configured with security and communications capabilities |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5959529A (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 1999-09-28 | Kail, Iv; Karl A. | Reprogrammable remote sensor monitoring system |
| US6243010B1 (en) * | 1998-01-08 | 2001-06-05 | Pittway Corp. | Adaptive console for augmenting wireless capability in security systems |
| US6023145A (en) * | 1999-04-21 | 2000-02-08 | Guzik Technical Enterprises | Head and disk tester with a thermal drift-compensated closed-loop positioning system |
-
2006
- 2006-02-09 MX MX2007009652A patent/MX2007009652A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-02-09 CN CN 200680007582 patent/CN101167109A/en active Pending
- 2006-02-09 EP EP06720523A patent/EP1851737A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-02-09 CA CA002597762A patent/CA2597762A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-02-09 WO PCT/US2006/004495 patent/WO2006086507A2/en active Application Filing
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106597567A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-04-26 | 北京蓝色星语科技有限公司 | Nuclear and biochemical integrated type automatic monitoring system and monitoring method |
| CN106597567B (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2018-11-13 | 北京蓝色星语科技有限公司 | The biochemical integrated automatic monitoring system of one seed nucleus and monitoring method |
| US11636870B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-04-25 | Denso International America, Inc. | Smoking cessation systems and methods |
| US11760170B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-09-19 | Denso International America, Inc. | Olfaction sensor preservation systems and methods |
| US11760169B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-09-19 | Denso International America, Inc. | Particulate control systems and methods for olfaction sensors |
| US11813926B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-11-14 | Denso International America, Inc. | Binding agent and olfaction sensor |
| US11828210B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-11-28 | Denso International America, Inc. | Diagnostic systems and methods of vehicles using olfaction |
| US11881093B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2024-01-23 | Denso International America, Inc. | Systems and methods for identifying smoking in vehicles |
| US11932080B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2024-03-19 | Denso International America, Inc. | Diagnostic and recirculation control systems and methods |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2006086507A3 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
| CN101167109A (en) | 2008-04-23 |
| WO2006086507B1 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
| EP1851737A2 (en) | 2007-11-07 |
| WO2006086507A2 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
| MX2007009652A (en) | 2007-12-12 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
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