CA2594213A1 - Composition for denaturing and breaking down friction-reducing polymer and for destroying other gas and oil well contaminants - Google Patents
Composition for denaturing and breaking down friction-reducing polymer and for destroying other gas and oil well contaminants Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A composition and method for breaking down and denaturing friction-reducing compound introduced into the ground during the drilling of gas and oil wells and for destroying other contaminants and biohazards naturally present within and artificially introduced into hydrocarbon wells, which are formed as a result of the drilling and pumping processes. The composition includes several species of oxidizing agent compounds that are effective in breaking down hydrogen sulfide produced by bacteria as well as the friction-reducing polymer used during drilling and several other organic compounds.
Description
COMPOSITION FOR DENATURING AND BREAKING DOWN FRICTION-REDUCING POLYMER AND FOR DESTROYING OTHER GAS AND OIL
WELL CONTAMINANTS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
I. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a composition and method for denaturing and breaking down friction-reducing polyiner introduced into gas and oil wells and for destroying other contaminants that are naturally present in and artificially supplied to said wells as part of the gas and oil drilling and pumping process.
WELL CONTAMINANTS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
I. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a composition and method for denaturing and breaking down friction-reducing polyiner introduced into gas and oil wells and for destroying other contaminants that are naturally present in and artificially supplied to said wells as part of the gas and oil drilling and pumping process.
2. Description of Related Art Hydraulic fracturing is commonly used in gas and oil well drilling applications.
A typical conventional slick water fracturing protocol involves several hydraulic pumps that force a predetermined amount of water or more down-hole feed at a calculated rate and at a high pressure. The pressure of the water forced down-hole fractures the underground or subterranean rock formations thereby permitting gas and oil to flow freely into the well. Numerous chemicals are added on the fly as the water is forced into the well includillg but not liniited to scale inhibitors, biocides, shale inhibitors, oxygen scavengers, friction-reducing agents, and flow-back additives. Friction-reducing agents are useful for decreasing the friction caused by the large volumes of water flowing t:hrough the hydraulic pumps. Friction-reducing agents also reduce the pressure placed upon the hydraulic pumps. Flow-back additives, such as the present inventive composition, assist friction-reducing agents at the beginning of a fracturing job by decreasing friction and also assist in breaking down or dissolving the friction-reducing agent after the fracturing job is completed.
Fracturing chemicals, fracturing sand, and water are puinped down-hole into a well under high pressure to fracture the subterranean foi7uation during a fracturing job.
The fractures in the subterranean formation created by the fracturing fluid and water under pressure are held open by the fracturing sand. Once this fracturing process is complete, oil and gas flow into the wellbore through the fractures and the flowback of the friction-reducing polynier begins. The pressure of the subterranean formation pushes the fracturing fluid out of the well into tanks above ground. Depending upon the depth of the well and the amount of fracturing fluid used, the flowback can continue for a period lasting from several days to approximately one nionth. When the flowback ends, most of the fracturing fluid including the friction-reducing polymer has been removed and the gas or oil well is ready for production.
U.S. Patent No. 5,031,700, issued to McDougall et al., on July 16, 1991, describes a method of improving the permeability of subterranean formations, and particularly the peizneability of sandstone forniations containing clays and silicates, using chlorine dioxide. The '700 patent does not describe the use of an oxy-chloro compound for denaturing and breaking down or decomposing friction-reducing polymer and other toxic chemical and biological agents and organisms.
U.S. Patent No. 4,945,992, issued to Sacco on August 7, 1990, describes a process for producing as well as for cleaning high pressure water injection wells and oil-producing wells. The '992 patent does not describe the use of an oxy-chloro compound for denaturing and breaking down or decomposing friction-reducing polymer in an oil well.
U.S. Patent No. 4,871,022, issued to McGlathery on October 3, 1989, describes a method for removtng polytlier plugging nlaterlal fronl iti}ection and oil-producing wells.
The '022 patent does not describe the use of an oxy-chloro compound for denaturing and breaking down or decotnposing friction-reducing polynier in an oil well, but describes a method for removing polymeric material from the well that was added in the form of an aqueous flooding medium to dislodge oil present in formation solids. Once dislodging the oil from these formations, the aqueous polymeric flooding medium of the '022 patent forces the oil toward a primary well bore for recovery. However, over time, the polymeric medium forms a polymer plug by leaving solid polymeric deposits on the walls of the well bore and interstices of the perforated zone of the forination.
U.S. Patent No. 4,964,466, issued to Williams et al., on October 23, 1990, describes a method of fracturing a subterranean formation using hydraulic fracturing with chlorine dioxide for cleanup. The '466 patent does not describe the use of an oxy-chloro coinpou.nd for denaturing and breaking down or decomposing friction-reducing polynier, scale inhibitors, biocides, shale inhibitors, oxygen scavengers, friction-reducing agents, and flow-back additives in an oil well. Moreover, the present invention effectively uses oxy-chloro compounds at much lower levels (for example, 0.40 to 10.0 ppm (parts per million)) than the '466 invention.
A typical conventional slick water fracturing protocol involves several hydraulic pumps that force a predetermined amount of water or more down-hole feed at a calculated rate and at a high pressure. The pressure of the water forced down-hole fractures the underground or subterranean rock formations thereby permitting gas and oil to flow freely into the well. Numerous chemicals are added on the fly as the water is forced into the well includillg but not liniited to scale inhibitors, biocides, shale inhibitors, oxygen scavengers, friction-reducing agents, and flow-back additives. Friction-reducing agents are useful for decreasing the friction caused by the large volumes of water flowing t:hrough the hydraulic pumps. Friction-reducing agents also reduce the pressure placed upon the hydraulic pumps. Flow-back additives, such as the present inventive composition, assist friction-reducing agents at the beginning of a fracturing job by decreasing friction and also assist in breaking down or dissolving the friction-reducing agent after the fracturing job is completed.
Fracturing chemicals, fracturing sand, and water are puinped down-hole into a well under high pressure to fracture the subterranean foi7uation during a fracturing job.
The fractures in the subterranean formation created by the fracturing fluid and water under pressure are held open by the fracturing sand. Once this fracturing process is complete, oil and gas flow into the wellbore through the fractures and the flowback of the friction-reducing polynier begins. The pressure of the subterranean formation pushes the fracturing fluid out of the well into tanks above ground. Depending upon the depth of the well and the amount of fracturing fluid used, the flowback can continue for a period lasting from several days to approximately one nionth. When the flowback ends, most of the fracturing fluid including the friction-reducing polymer has been removed and the gas or oil well is ready for production.
U.S. Patent No. 5,031,700, issued to McDougall et al., on July 16, 1991, describes a method of improving the permeability of subterranean formations, and particularly the peizneability of sandstone forniations containing clays and silicates, using chlorine dioxide. The '700 patent does not describe the use of an oxy-chloro compound for denaturing and breaking down or decomposing friction-reducing polymer and other toxic chemical and biological agents and organisms.
U.S. Patent No. 4,945,992, issued to Sacco on August 7, 1990, describes a process for producing as well as for cleaning high pressure water injection wells and oil-producing wells. The '992 patent does not describe the use of an oxy-chloro compound for denaturing and breaking down or decomposing friction-reducing polymer in an oil well.
U.S. Patent No. 4,871,022, issued to McGlathery on October 3, 1989, describes a method for removtng polytlier plugging nlaterlal fronl iti}ection and oil-producing wells.
The '022 patent does not describe the use of an oxy-chloro compound for denaturing and breaking down or decotnposing friction-reducing polynier in an oil well, but describes a method for removing polymeric material from the well that was added in the form of an aqueous flooding medium to dislodge oil present in formation solids. Once dislodging the oil from these formations, the aqueous polymeric flooding medium of the '022 patent forces the oil toward a primary well bore for recovery. However, over time, the polymeric medium forms a polymer plug by leaving solid polymeric deposits on the walls of the well bore and interstices of the perforated zone of the forination.
U.S. Patent No. 4,964,466, issued to Williams et al., on October 23, 1990, describes a method of fracturing a subterranean formation using hydraulic fracturing with chlorine dioxide for cleanup. The '466 patent does not describe the use of an oxy-chloro coinpou.nd for denaturing and breaking down or decomposing friction-reducing polynier, scale inhibitors, biocides, shale inhibitors, oxygen scavengers, friction-reducing agents, and flow-back additives in an oil well. Moreover, the present invention effectively uses oxy-chloro compounds at much lower levels (for example, 0.40 to 10.0 ppm (parts per million)) than the '466 invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The novel denatLU-ing composition comprises an oxidizing agent compound that is added to the fracture fluid being pumped into a gas or oil well during drilling by liydraulic fracturing. The oxidizing agent coinpound comprises one or nlore oxy-chloro compounds, one or more earth metal alkali oxidizing compounds, or a mixture of one or more of each. The denaturing composition is added to the fracture fluid simultaneously with a friction reduction polymer. This "on-the-fly" addition of the denaturing composition concurrently with the pumping of the friction-reducing polymer into the gas or oil well as part of a fracturing fluid provides two beneficial effects to the oil well drilling process. First, the denaturing composition immediately begins to degrade or denature the friction-reducing polymer, thereby unwinding said polymer, which quickens the onset of the friction-reducing properties of the friction-reducing polymer. Secondly, the denaturing composition increases the hydrogen-bonding potential between the friction-reducing polymer and water, thus, unwinding the polynier at a more rapid rate.
The denaturing composition tinwinds the friction-reducing polymer more quickly by increasing the water solubility of the polymer. This increased solubility is due to the hydrogen-bonding that occurs between the oxygen atoms in the oxidizing agent and the hydrogen atoms in the friction-reducing polymer. The weak attractive forces of hydrogen-bonding existing between the polymer and water sliglztly restrict the denaturing or unwinding of said friction-reducing polymer. However, when added to the fracturing fluid during hydraulic fracturing, the oxidizing agent aids the friction-reducing polymer in overcoming or reducing the effects of the weak attractive forces between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule to the oxygen atoms of other water molecules so that said polynaer can unwind, thereby permitting the characteristic friction-reducing effects of the polymer to occur.
The addition of the denaturing cotnposition increases the water solubility of the friction-reducing polyiner when added on the fly during a hydraL-lic fracturing gas or oil well drilling job. This increased water solubility is also beneficial for aiding in the clean-up of hoses and other equipment after completion of a fracturing job. Over time, the oxidizing agent that remains in the gas or oil well after flow-back decomposes the friction-reducing polymer remaining downhole in the well.
An object of this invention is to provide a composition and method for denaturing a friction-reducing polymer so that the solubility of said polynier in water is increased.
Another object of the invention is to provide a composition and method tltat, over time, will break down friction-reducing polymer remaining downhole after a hydraulic fracturing job.
Yet another object of the invention is to quicken the onset and increase the effects of the friction reducing properties of the friction-reducing polymer by introduction of the oxidizing agent into the gas or oil well during a fracturing job along with the fracturing fluid.
Still another object of the invention is to use the oxidizing agent to break down and destroy explosive and corrosive hydrogen sulfide gas as well as the bacteria that produce the gas.
In accordance with these and other objects which will become apparent hereinafter, the instant invention will now be described with particular reference to the accompanying drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The terminology employed herein is used for the purpose of describing particu.lar embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting since the scope of the present inveiltion will be Iinzited oizly by the appended claiiris and equivaleitts thereoi: The references discussed herein are provided solely for their disclosure pnor to the filing date of the present application. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the inventors are not entitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention.
It must be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular fonns "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to "a fracturing fluid"
includes reference to one or more of such :fracturing fluids, and reference to "a friction-reducing polynler"
includes reference to two or more of such polymers.
The novel denaturing composition comprises an oxidizing agent that is added to the fracture fluid being pumped into an oil or gas well during drilling by hydraulic fracturing. The flxidizing agent compound comprises one or more oxy-chloro compounds, one or more earth metal alkali oxidizing compounds, or a mixture of one or more of each.. The denaturing composition is added to the fracture fluid simultaneously with a friction reduction polymer. The friction-reducing polymer comprises a polyacrylic polymer that is preferably a polyacrylate and most preferably a polyacrylamide polymer with a surfactant package in a hydrocarbon fluid base. Preferably, the hydrocarbon fluid base is a distillate or kerosene base. This "on-the-fly" addition of the denaturing composition concurrently with the puinping of the friction-reducing polymer into the gas or oil well provides two beneficial effects to the gas and oil well drilling process. First, the denaturing composition immediately begins to degrade or denature the friction-reducing polynler, thereby unwinding said polytner, which quickens the onset of the friction-reducing properties of the friction-reducing polynier. Secondly, the denaturing conaposition increases the hydrogen-bonding potential between the friction-reducing poiymer and water, thus, unwinding the polymer at a more rapid rate.
The oxidizing agent comprises chlorine dioxide, sodiurn N-chloro-para-toluenesulfonamide, potassium peroxynlonosulfate, or N2, N4, N6-trichioro-2, 4, 6-triamino-s-triazine, Said oxidizing agent i-nay also be comprised of an aqueous mixture of one or more of the following: chlorine dioxide, sodiiun N-chioro-para-toluenesulfonamide, potassium peroxymonosulfate, N2, N4, N6-trichloro-2, 4, 6-triamino-s-triazine, or any other oxidizing agent suitable for denaturing friction-reducing polymer. Chlorine dioxide is the preferred oxidizing agent used in this invention.
The earth metal alkali oxidizing compound comprises earth metal alkali borates, carbonates, chlorates, chlorites, dichroinates, hypochlorites, nitrates, nitrites, perborates, percarbonates, perchlorates, permanganates, peroxides, persulfates, and any other earth metal alkali oxidizing compound suitable for denaturing friction-reducing polymer. The earth metal alkali oxidizing compound may also be comprised of an aqueous mixture of one or more of the immediately preceding compounds.
Some specific oxidizers useful for breaking down friction-reducing polymer include barium peroxide, calcium chromate, calcium hypochlorite, calcium peroxide, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chromic acid, cobalt, cyanogens, lithium perchlorate, manganese dioxide, potassium bromate, potassium dichromate, potassium monopersulfate, potassiuna perchlorate, potassiunn periodate, potassium persulfate, seleniuzn dioxide, silver acetate, sodium chlorate, sodium chlorite, sodiuin nitrate, sodium m-periodate, and urea peroxide. Other suitable oxy-chloro compounds and earth metal alkali oxidizing compounds may also be used. Chlorine dioxide is the most preferred oxidizing agent, while use of the oxy-chloro compounds is preferred over the earth metal alkali oxidizing co{npounds.
The denaturing conlpositioti unwinds the friction-reducing polymer by means of hydrogen-bonding that occurs between the oxygen atoms in the oxidizing agent and the hydrogen atoms in the friction-reducing polymer. Hydrogen-bonding is. one factor in producing the surface tension of water. When only water is added to the fracturing fluid containing the friction-reducing polymer, the oxygen atoms of the water molecules and the hydrogen atoms of the friction-reducing polymer chain are weakly attracted to one another. The hydrogen atoms of the water molecules are attracted also to the oxygen atoms of other water molecules. These weak attractive forces slightly restrict the denaturing or unwinding of said friction-reducing polynier. However, when added to the fracturing fluid during hydraulic fracturing, the oxidizing agent comprising the denaturing composition aids the friction-reducing polyiner in overcoining or reducing the effects of the weak attractive forces between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule to the oxygen atoms of other water molecules so that said polymer can unwind, thereby perinitting the characteristic friction-reducing effects of the polymer to occur.
The addition of the denaturing composition increases the water solubility of the friction-reducing polyiner when added on the fly during a hydraulic fracturing oil or gas well drillingjob. This increased water solubility is also beneficial for aiding in the clean-up of hoses and other equipment after completion of a fracturing job. The oxidizing agent in the denaturing composition breaks down the weak attractive forces present in the friction-reducing polymer, thereby allowing said polymer to unwind. In this way, the friction-reducing polymer also solubilizes more rapidly in water than if water were the only additive used in the hydraulic fracturing process. Thus, the increased water solubility of friction-reducing polymer caused by the oxidizing agent aids in recovering said palyiiler in the flow-back from the hydraulic fractiYring process to reduce polymeric skin damage in the subten-anean formation. Over time, the oxidizing agent that remains in the gas or oil well. after flow-back decomposes the friction-reducing polymer remaining dotiviihole in said well.
The oxidizing agent of the denaturing compos.ition is present in the aqueous solution at range of 0.40 to 10.0 ppm per 1,000 gallons of fracture fluid introduced into the gas or oil well. The amount of oxidizing agent present in the aqueous solution is 0.2 to 0.5 gallons per 1,000 gallons of fracture fluid introduced into the gas or oil well. The oxidizing agetrt and fracturing fluid preferably are introduced downhole into said gas or oil well under pressure during the fracturing process.
The oxidizing agent of the present composition and method is also effective for breaking down or destroying other contaminants and biohazards present within gas and oil wells, which are formed as a result of the drilling and pumping processes, such as hydrogen sulfide gas produced by sulfur-reducing bacteria as well as other toxic chemical compounds that may be used during the drilling process. These other toxic compounds may include scale inhibitors, biocides, shale inhibitors, oxygen scavengers, friction-reducing agents, and flow-back additives. Corrosion to metal drilling and ptimping equipment is reduced or eliminated by destroying hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria present in said wells.
The composition is used during fracturing jobs performed to drill gas and oil wells where minimal gas or oil well skin damage and maximum recovery of polyn-ter are desired. The composition serves three purposes in gas and oil well drilling applications.
First, the composition initially aids the friction-reducing polymer by increasing the rate at which the friction-reducing polymer reaches maximum viscosity, and therefore, maxinlum friction reduction. As previously described, the composition also increases the water solubility of the friction-reducing polymer by degrading the polyacrylamide polymer chain comprising said friction-reducing polymer. Degradation of the friction-reducing polynier increases the amount of said polymer recovered in the flowback from the well. Finally, the composition reduces the amount of skin damage in the subterranean formation of the well. This last purpose of the composition is accomplished by the ability of said composition to decrease the amount of friction-reducing polymer in the formation by recovering more of said polymer in the flowback and also by continually breaking doNvn and degrading any friction-reducing polymer that remains down-hole. The composition is also useful for cleaning lioses and other equipment contanunated by friction-reducing polymer during the fracturing job.
The instant invention has been shown and described herein in what is considered to be the most practical and preferred eznbodirnent. The applicant recognizes, however, that departures may be made therefrom within the scope of the invention and that obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.
The novel denatLU-ing composition comprises an oxidizing agent compound that is added to the fracture fluid being pumped into a gas or oil well during drilling by liydraulic fracturing. The oxidizing agent coinpound comprises one or nlore oxy-chloro compounds, one or more earth metal alkali oxidizing compounds, or a mixture of one or more of each. The denaturing composition is added to the fracture fluid simultaneously with a friction reduction polymer. This "on-the-fly" addition of the denaturing composition concurrently with the pumping of the friction-reducing polymer into the gas or oil well as part of a fracturing fluid provides two beneficial effects to the oil well drilling process. First, the denaturing composition immediately begins to degrade or denature the friction-reducing polymer, thereby unwinding said polymer, which quickens the onset of the friction-reducing properties of the friction-reducing polymer. Secondly, the denaturing composition increases the hydrogen-bonding potential between the friction-reducing polymer and water, thus, unwinding the polynier at a more rapid rate.
The denaturing composition tinwinds the friction-reducing polymer more quickly by increasing the water solubility of the polymer. This increased solubility is due to the hydrogen-bonding that occurs between the oxygen atoms in the oxidizing agent and the hydrogen atoms in the friction-reducing polymer. The weak attractive forces of hydrogen-bonding existing between the polymer and water sliglztly restrict the denaturing or unwinding of said friction-reducing polymer. However, when added to the fracturing fluid during hydraulic fracturing, the oxidizing agent aids the friction-reducing polymer in overcoming or reducing the effects of the weak attractive forces between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule to the oxygen atoms of other water molecules so that said polynaer can unwind, thereby permitting the characteristic friction-reducing effects of the polymer to occur.
The addition of the denaturing cotnposition increases the water solubility of the friction-reducing polyiner when added on the fly during a hydraL-lic fracturing gas or oil well drilling job. This increased water solubility is also beneficial for aiding in the clean-up of hoses and other equipment after completion of a fracturing job. Over time, the oxidizing agent that remains in the gas or oil well after flow-back decomposes the friction-reducing polymer remaining downhole in the well.
An object of this invention is to provide a composition and method for denaturing a friction-reducing polymer so that the solubility of said polynier in water is increased.
Another object of the invention is to provide a composition and method tltat, over time, will break down friction-reducing polymer remaining downhole after a hydraulic fracturing job.
Yet another object of the invention is to quicken the onset and increase the effects of the friction reducing properties of the friction-reducing polymer by introduction of the oxidizing agent into the gas or oil well during a fracturing job along with the fracturing fluid.
Still another object of the invention is to use the oxidizing agent to break down and destroy explosive and corrosive hydrogen sulfide gas as well as the bacteria that produce the gas.
In accordance with these and other objects which will become apparent hereinafter, the instant invention will now be described with particular reference to the accompanying drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The terminology employed herein is used for the purpose of describing particu.lar embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting since the scope of the present inveiltion will be Iinzited oizly by the appended claiiris and equivaleitts thereoi: The references discussed herein are provided solely for their disclosure pnor to the filing date of the present application. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the inventors are not entitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention.
It must be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular fonns "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to "a fracturing fluid"
includes reference to one or more of such :fracturing fluids, and reference to "a friction-reducing polynler"
includes reference to two or more of such polymers.
The novel denaturing composition comprises an oxidizing agent that is added to the fracture fluid being pumped into an oil or gas well during drilling by hydraulic fracturing. The flxidizing agent compound comprises one or more oxy-chloro compounds, one or more earth metal alkali oxidizing compounds, or a mixture of one or more of each.. The denaturing composition is added to the fracture fluid simultaneously with a friction reduction polymer. The friction-reducing polymer comprises a polyacrylic polymer that is preferably a polyacrylate and most preferably a polyacrylamide polymer with a surfactant package in a hydrocarbon fluid base. Preferably, the hydrocarbon fluid base is a distillate or kerosene base. This "on-the-fly" addition of the denaturing composition concurrently with the puinping of the friction-reducing polymer into the gas or oil well provides two beneficial effects to the gas and oil well drilling process. First, the denaturing composition immediately begins to degrade or denature the friction-reducing polynler, thereby unwinding said polytner, which quickens the onset of the friction-reducing properties of the friction-reducing polynier. Secondly, the denaturing conaposition increases the hydrogen-bonding potential between the friction-reducing poiymer and water, thus, unwinding the polymer at a more rapid rate.
The oxidizing agent comprises chlorine dioxide, sodiurn N-chloro-para-toluenesulfonamide, potassium peroxynlonosulfate, or N2, N4, N6-trichioro-2, 4, 6-triamino-s-triazine, Said oxidizing agent i-nay also be comprised of an aqueous mixture of one or more of the following: chlorine dioxide, sodiiun N-chioro-para-toluenesulfonamide, potassium peroxymonosulfate, N2, N4, N6-trichloro-2, 4, 6-triamino-s-triazine, or any other oxidizing agent suitable for denaturing friction-reducing polymer. Chlorine dioxide is the preferred oxidizing agent used in this invention.
The earth metal alkali oxidizing compound comprises earth metal alkali borates, carbonates, chlorates, chlorites, dichroinates, hypochlorites, nitrates, nitrites, perborates, percarbonates, perchlorates, permanganates, peroxides, persulfates, and any other earth metal alkali oxidizing compound suitable for denaturing friction-reducing polymer. The earth metal alkali oxidizing compound may also be comprised of an aqueous mixture of one or more of the immediately preceding compounds.
Some specific oxidizers useful for breaking down friction-reducing polymer include barium peroxide, calcium chromate, calcium hypochlorite, calcium peroxide, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chromic acid, cobalt, cyanogens, lithium perchlorate, manganese dioxide, potassium bromate, potassium dichromate, potassium monopersulfate, potassiuna perchlorate, potassiunn periodate, potassium persulfate, seleniuzn dioxide, silver acetate, sodium chlorate, sodium chlorite, sodiuin nitrate, sodium m-periodate, and urea peroxide. Other suitable oxy-chloro compounds and earth metal alkali oxidizing compounds may also be used. Chlorine dioxide is the most preferred oxidizing agent, while use of the oxy-chloro compounds is preferred over the earth metal alkali oxidizing co{npounds.
The denaturing conlpositioti unwinds the friction-reducing polymer by means of hydrogen-bonding that occurs between the oxygen atoms in the oxidizing agent and the hydrogen atoms in the friction-reducing polymer. Hydrogen-bonding is. one factor in producing the surface tension of water. When only water is added to the fracturing fluid containing the friction-reducing polymer, the oxygen atoms of the water molecules and the hydrogen atoms of the friction-reducing polymer chain are weakly attracted to one another. The hydrogen atoms of the water molecules are attracted also to the oxygen atoms of other water molecules. These weak attractive forces slightly restrict the denaturing or unwinding of said friction-reducing polynier. However, when added to the fracturing fluid during hydraulic fracturing, the oxidizing agent comprising the denaturing composition aids the friction-reducing polyiner in overcoining or reducing the effects of the weak attractive forces between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule to the oxygen atoms of other water molecules so that said polymer can unwind, thereby perinitting the characteristic friction-reducing effects of the polymer to occur.
The addition of the denaturing composition increases the water solubility of the friction-reducing polyiner when added on the fly during a hydraulic fracturing oil or gas well drillingjob. This increased water solubility is also beneficial for aiding in the clean-up of hoses and other equipment after completion of a fracturing job. The oxidizing agent in the denaturing composition breaks down the weak attractive forces present in the friction-reducing polymer, thereby allowing said polymer to unwind. In this way, the friction-reducing polymer also solubilizes more rapidly in water than if water were the only additive used in the hydraulic fracturing process. Thus, the increased water solubility of friction-reducing polymer caused by the oxidizing agent aids in recovering said palyiiler in the flow-back from the hydraulic fractiYring process to reduce polymeric skin damage in the subten-anean formation. Over time, the oxidizing agent that remains in the gas or oil well. after flow-back decomposes the friction-reducing polymer remaining dotiviihole in said well.
The oxidizing agent of the denaturing compos.ition is present in the aqueous solution at range of 0.40 to 10.0 ppm per 1,000 gallons of fracture fluid introduced into the gas or oil well. The amount of oxidizing agent present in the aqueous solution is 0.2 to 0.5 gallons per 1,000 gallons of fracture fluid introduced into the gas or oil well. The oxidizing agetrt and fracturing fluid preferably are introduced downhole into said gas or oil well under pressure during the fracturing process.
The oxidizing agent of the present composition and method is also effective for breaking down or destroying other contaminants and biohazards present within gas and oil wells, which are formed as a result of the drilling and pumping processes, such as hydrogen sulfide gas produced by sulfur-reducing bacteria as well as other toxic chemical compounds that may be used during the drilling process. These other toxic compounds may include scale inhibitors, biocides, shale inhibitors, oxygen scavengers, friction-reducing agents, and flow-back additives. Corrosion to metal drilling and ptimping equipment is reduced or eliminated by destroying hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria present in said wells.
The composition is used during fracturing jobs performed to drill gas and oil wells where minimal gas or oil well skin damage and maximum recovery of polyn-ter are desired. The composition serves three purposes in gas and oil well drilling applications.
First, the composition initially aids the friction-reducing polymer by increasing the rate at which the friction-reducing polymer reaches maximum viscosity, and therefore, maxinlum friction reduction. As previously described, the composition also increases the water solubility of the friction-reducing polymer by degrading the polyacrylamide polymer chain comprising said friction-reducing polymer. Degradation of the friction-reducing polynier increases the amount of said polymer recovered in the flowback from the well. Finally, the composition reduces the amount of skin damage in the subterranean formation of the well. This last purpose of the composition is accomplished by the ability of said composition to decrease the amount of friction-reducing polymer in the formation by recovering more of said polymer in the flowback and also by continually breaking doNvn and degrading any friction-reducing polymer that remains down-hole. The composition is also useful for cleaning lioses and other equipment contanunated by friction-reducing polymer during the fracturing job.
The instant invention has been shown and described herein in what is considered to be the most practical and preferred eznbodirnent. The applicant recognizes, however, that departures may be made therefrom within the scope of the invention and that obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.
Claims (20)
1. A composition for breaking down a friction-reducing polymer and various other organic compounds naturally present in and artificially introduced into gas and oil wells during the drilling and pumping process, comprising the following ingredients:
an aqueous solution of an oxidizing agent;
wherein said oxidizing agent is introduced downhole into a gas or oil well during the drilling and pumping process simultaneously with a fracture fluid being used for hydraulic fracturing in a subterranean formation; and wherein said oxidizing agent denatures and unwinds a friction-reducing polymer used in the hydraulic fracturing process to increase the solubility of said friction-reducing polymer in water.
an aqueous solution of an oxidizing agent;
wherein said oxidizing agent is introduced downhole into a gas or oil well during the drilling and pumping process simultaneously with a fracture fluid being used for hydraulic fracturing in a subterranean formation; and wherein said oxidizing agent denatures and unwinds a friction-reducing polymer used in the hydraulic fracturing process to increase the solubility of said friction-reducing polymer in water.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from one or more of the following:
an oxy-chloro compound; and an earth metal alkali oxidizing compound.
an oxy-chloro compound; and an earth metal alkali oxidizing compound.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein said oxidizing agent is most preferably chlorine dioxide.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein said oxidizing agent is preferably sodium N-chloro-para-toluenesulfonamide.
5. The composition of claim 1, wherein said oxidizing agent is preferably potassium peroxymonosulfate.
6. The composition of claim 1, wherein said oxidizing agent is N2, N4, N6-trichloro-2, 4, 6-triamino-s-triazine.
7. The composition of claim 2, wherein said oxidizing agent comprises an aqueous mixture of one or more of the following:
chlorine dioxide;
sodium N-chloro-para-toluenesulfonamide;
potassium peroxymonosulfate;
N2, N4, N6-trichloro-2, 4, 6-triamino-s-triazine; or any other oxidizing agent suitable for denaturing friction-reducing polymer.
chlorine dioxide;
sodium N-chloro-para-toluenesulfonamide;
potassium peroxymonosulfate;
N2, N4, N6-trichloro-2, 4, 6-triamino-s-triazine; or any other oxidizing agent suitable for denaturing friction-reducing polymer.
8. The composition of claim 2, wherein the earth metal alkali oxidizing compound is selected from one or more of the following:
earth metal alkali borates;
earth metal alkali carbonates;
earth metal alkali chlorates;
earth metal alkali chlorites;
earth metal alkali dichromates;
earth metal alkali hypochlorites;
earth metal alkali nitrates;
earth metal alkali nitrites;
earth metal alkali perborates;
earth metal alkali percarbonates;
earth metal alkali perchlorates;
earth metal alkali permanganates;
earth metal alkali peroxides;
earth metal alkali persulfates; and any other earth metal alkali oxidizing compound suitable for denaturing friction-reducing polymer.
earth metal alkali borates;
earth metal alkali carbonates;
earth metal alkali chlorates;
earth metal alkali chlorites;
earth metal alkali dichromates;
earth metal alkali hypochlorites;
earth metal alkali nitrates;
earth metal alkali nitrites;
earth metal alkali perborates;
earth metal alkali percarbonates;
earth metal alkali perchlorates;
earth metal alkali permanganates;
earth metal alkali peroxides;
earth metal alkali persulfates; and any other earth metal alkali oxidizing compound suitable for denaturing friction-reducing polymer.
9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from one or more of the following:
barium peroxide;
calcium chromate;
calcium hypochlorite;
calcium peroxide;
chlorine;
chlorine dioxide;
chromic acid;
cobalt;
cyanogen;
lithium perchlorate;
manganese dioxide;
potassium bromate;
potassium dichromate;
potassium monopersulfate;
potassium perchlorate;
potassium periodate;
potassium persulfate;
selenium dioxide;
silver acetate;
sodium chlorate;
sodium chlorite;
sodium nitrate;
sodium m-periodate; and urea peroxide.
barium peroxide;
calcium chromate;
calcium hypochlorite;
calcium peroxide;
chlorine;
chlorine dioxide;
chromic acid;
cobalt;
cyanogen;
lithium perchlorate;
manganese dioxide;
potassium bromate;
potassium dichromate;
potassium monopersulfate;
potassium perchlorate;
potassium periodate;
potassium persulfate;
selenium dioxide;
silver acetate;
sodium chlorate;
sodium chlorite;
sodium nitrate;
sodium m-periodate; and urea peroxide.
10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the friction-reducing polymer that is broken down by said composition is a polyacrylic polymer with a surfactant package in a hydrocarbon fluid base;
wherein said polyacrylic polymer is preferably a polyacrylate and most preferably a polyacrylamide polymer; and wherein the hydrocarbon fluid base is preferably a distillate or kerosene base.
wherein said polyacrylic polymer is preferably a polyacrylate and most preferably a polyacrylamide polymer; and wherein the hydrocarbon fluid base is preferably a distillate or kerosene base.
11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the range of oxidizing agent present in the aqueous solution is 0.40 to 10.0 ppm per 1,000 gallons of fracture fluid introduced into the well.
12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the amount of oxidizing agent present in the aqueous solution is 0.2 to 0.5 gallons per 1,000 gallons of fracture fluid introduced into the well.
13. The composition of claim 1, wherein increased water solubility of friction-reducing polymer caused by the oxidizing agent aids in recovering said polymer in the
14 flow-back from the hydraulic fracturing process to reduce polymeric skin damage in the subterranean formation.
14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the oxidizing agent that remains in the well after flow-back decomposes the friction-reducing polymer remaining downhole in said well.
14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the oxidizing agent that remains in the well after flow-back decomposes the friction-reducing polymer remaining downhole in said well.
15. The composition of claim 2, wherein chlorine dioxide is the most preferred oxidizing agent used; and wherein oxy-chloro compounds are preferred for use as oxidizing agents over the earth metal alkali oxidizing compounds.
16. A method for denaturing and breaking down a friction-reducing polymer and various other organic compounds naturally present in and artificially introduced into gas and oil wells during the drilling and pumping process, said method comprising the following steps:
adding to a fracture fluid an oxidizing agent, which may be comprised of one or a mixture of more than one of the following:
an oxy-chloro compound; and an earth metal alkali oxidizing compound;
wherein said fracture fluid contains a friction-reducing polymer as one ingredient; and introducing the fracture fluid and oxidizing agent downhole into a gas or oil well during a hydraulic fracturing process used to extract gas or oil from subterranean formations;
wherein the oxidizing agent initially denatures or unwinds the polymer.
adding to a fracture fluid an oxidizing agent, which may be comprised of one or a mixture of more than one of the following:
an oxy-chloro compound; and an earth metal alkali oxidizing compound;
wherein said fracture fluid contains a friction-reducing polymer as one ingredient; and introducing the fracture fluid and oxidizing agent downhole into a gas or oil well during a hydraulic fracturing process used to extract gas or oil from subterranean formations;
wherein the oxidizing agent initially denatures or unwinds the polymer.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the increased water solubility of the friction-reducing polymer allows most of said polymer to be recaptured during flow-back from the hydraulic fracturing process inside the oil well.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein friction-reducing polymer that remains in the well after flow-back is decomposed over time by the remaining oxidizing agent.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein said method breaks down and destroys other organic compounds and biohazards present within gas or oil wells, which are formed as a result of the introduction of contaminants during the drilling and pumping processes, including but not limited to hydrogen sulfide produced by bacteria as well as other toxic chemical compounds that may be used during the drilling process including but not limited to scale inhibitors, biocides, shale inhibitors, oxygen scavengers, friction-reducing agents, and flow-back additives.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein the oxidizing agent and fracturing fluid are introduced into the well under pressure during the fracturing process.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/743,280 US7897063B1 (en) | 2006-06-26 | 2007-05-02 | Composition for denaturing and breaking down friction-reducing polymer and for destroying other gas and oil well contaminants |
| US11/743,280 | 2007-05-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2594213A1 true CA2594213A1 (en) | 2008-11-02 |
Family
ID=39941655
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2594213 Abandoned CA2594213A1 (en) | 2007-05-02 | 2007-07-20 | Composition for denaturing and breaking down friction-reducing polymer and for destroying other gas and oil well contaminants |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2594213A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113652221A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-16 | 南京工业大学 | Fracturing fluid for enhancing treatment efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in low-permeability soil and preparation method thereof |
-
2007
- 2007-07-20 CA CA 2594213 patent/CA2594213A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113652221A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-16 | 南京工业大学 | Fracturing fluid for enhancing treatment efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in low-permeability soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN113652221B (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2023-05-05 | 南京工业大学 | Fracturing fluid for enhancing treatment efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in hypotonic soil and preparation method thereof |
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