CA2587128A1

CA2587128A1 - Corynebacterium glutamicum genes encoding proteins involved in carbon metabolism and energy production

Info

Publication number: CA2587128A1
Application number: CA002587128A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Markus Pompejus; Burkhard Kroeger; Hartwig Schroeder; Oskar Zelder; Gregor Haberhauer
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: BASF SE
Priority date: 1999-06-25
Filing date: 2000-06-23
Publication date: 2001-01-04
Also published as: CA2593287A1; CA2563004A1; CA2584021A1; CA2594262A1; CA2594201A1

Abstract

Isolated nucleic acid molecules, designated SMP nucleic acid molecules, which encode novel SMP proteins from Corynebacterium glutamicum are described. The invention also provides antisense nucleic acid molecules, recombinant expression vectors containing SMP nucleic acid molecules, and host cells into which the expression vectors have been introduced. The invention still further provides isolated SMP proteins, mutated SMP proteins, fusion proteins, antigenic peptides and methods for the improvement of production of a desired compound from C.
glutamicum based on genetic engineering of SMP genes in this organism.

Description

~ . .

Background of the Invention Certain products and by-products of naturally-occurring metabolic processes in cells have utility in a wide array of industries, including the food, feed, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. These molecules, collectively termed 'fine chemicals', include organic acids, both proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids, nucleotides and nucleosides, lipids and fatty acids, diols, carbohydrates, aromatic compounds, vitamins and cofactors, and enzymes. Their production is most conveniently performed through the large-scale culture of bacteria developed to produce and secrete large quantities of one or more desired molecules. One particularly useful organism for this purpose is Corynebacterium glutamicum, a gram positive, nonpathogenic bacterium. Through strain selection, a number of mutant strains have been developed which produce an array of desirable compounds. However, selection of strains improved for the production of a particular molecule is a time-consuming and difficult process.
Summary of the Invention The invention provides novel bacterial nucleic acid molecules which have a variety of uses. These uses include the identification of microorganisms which can be used to produce fine chemicals, the modulation of fine chemical production in C.
g/utamicum or related bacteria, the typing or identification of C. glutamicum or related bacteria, as reference points for mapping the C. glutamicum genome, and as markers for transformation. These novel nucleic acid molecules encode proteins, referred to herein as sugar metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation (SMP) proteins.
C. glutamicum is a gram positive, aerobic bacterium which is commonly used in industry for the large-scale production of a variety of fine chemicals, and also for the degradation of hydrocarbons (such as in petroleum spills) and for the oxidation of terpenoids. The SMP nucleic acid molecules of the invention, therefore, can be used to identify microorganisms which can be used to produce fine chemicals, e.g., by fermentation processes. Modulation of the expression of the SMP nucleic acids of the invention, or modification of the sequence of the SMP nucleic acid molecules of the invention, can be used to modulate the production of one or more fine chemicals from a microorganism (e.g., to improve the yield or production of one or more fine chemicals from a Corynebacterium or Brevibacterium species).
The SMP nucleic acids of the invention may also be used to identify an organism as being Corynebacterium glutamicum or a close relative thereof, or to identify the presence of C. glutamicum or a relative thereof in a mixed population of microorganisms. The invention provides the nucleic acid sequences of a number of C.
glutamicum genes; by probing the extracted genomic DNA of a culture of a unique or mixed population of microorganisms under stringent conditions with a probe spanning a region of a C. glutamicum gene which is unique to this organism, one can ascertain whether this organism is present. Although Corynebacterium glutamicum itself is nonpathogenic, it is related to species pathogenic in humans, such as Corynebacterium diphtheriae (the causative agent of diphtheria); the detectiori of such organisms is of significant clinical relevance.
The SMP nucleic acid molecules of the invention may also serve as reference points for mapping of the C. glutamicum genome, or of genomes of related organisms.
Similarly, these molecules, or variants or portions thereof, may serve as markers for genetically engineered Corynebacterium or Brevibacterium species.
The SMP pioteins encoded by the novel nucleic acid molecules of the invention are capable of, for example, performing a function involved in the metabolism of carbon compounds such as sugars or in the generation of energy molecules by processes such as oxidative phosphorylation in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Given the availability of cloning vectors for use in Corynebacterium glutamicum, such as those disclosed in Sinskey et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,649,119, and techniques for genetic manipulation of C.
glutamicum and the related Brevibacterium species (e.g., lactofermentum) (Yoshihama et al, J. Bacteriol. 162: 591-597 (1985); Katsumata et al., J. Bacteriol. 159:

(1984); and Santamaria et al., J. Gen. Microbiol. 130: 2237-2246 (1984)), the nucleic acid molecules of the invention may be utilized in the genetic engineering of this organism to make it a better or more efficient producer of one or more fine chemicals.
This improved production or efficiency of production of a fine chemical may be due to a direct effect of manipulation of a gene of the invention, or it may be due to an indirect effect of such manipulation.

There are a number of mechanisms by which the alteration of an SMP protein of the invention may directly affect the yield, production, and/or efficiency of production of a fine chemical from a C. glutamicum strain incorporating such an altered protein.
The degradation of high-energy carbon molecules such as sugars, and the conversion of compounds such as NADH and FADH2 to compounds containing high energy phosphate bonds via oxidative phosphorylation results in a number of compounds which themselves may be desirable fine chemicals, such as pyruvate, ATP, NADH, and a number of intermediate sugar compounds. Further, the energy molecules (such as ATP) and the reducing equivalents (such as NADH or NADPH) produced by these metabolic pathways are utilized in the cell to drive reactions which would otherwise be energetically unfavorable. Such unfavorable reactions include many biosynthetic pathways for fine chemicals. By improving the ability of the cell to utilize a particular sugar (e.g., by manipulating the genes encoding enzymes involved in the degradation and conversion of that sugar into energy for the cell), one may increase the amount of energy available to permit unfavorable, yet desired metabolic reactions (e.g., the biosynthesis of a desired fine chemical) to occur.
The mutagenesis of one or more SMP genes of the invention may also result in SMP proteins having altered activities which indirectly impact the production of one or more desired fine chemicals from C. glutamicum. For example, by increasing the efficiency of utilization of one or more sugars (such that the conversion of the sugar to useful energy molecules is improved), or by increasing the efficiency of conversion of reducing equivalents to useful energy molecules (e.g., by improving the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, or the activity of the ATP synthase), one can increase the amount of these high-energy compounds available to the cell to drive normally unfavorable metabolic processes. These processes include the construction of cell walls, transcription, translation, and the biosynthesis of compounds necessary for growth and division of the cells (e.g., nucleotides, amino acids, vitamins, lipids, etc.) (Lengeler et al.
(1999) Biology of Prokaryotes, Thieme Verlag: Stuttgart, p. 88-109; 913-918;
875-899).
By improving the growth and multiplication of these engineered cells, it is possible to increase both the viability of the cells in large-scale culture, and also to improve their rate of division, such that a relatively larger number of cells can survive in fermentor culture. The yield, production, or efficiency of production may be increased, at least due to the presence of a greater number of viable cells, each producing the desired fine chemical. Also, many of the degradation products produced during sugar metabolism are utilized by the cell as precursors or intermediates in the production of other desirable products, such as fine chemicals. So, by increasing the ability of the cell to metabolize sugars, the number of these degradation products available to the cell for other processes should also be increased.
The invention provides novel nucleic acid molecules which encode proteins, referred to herein as SMP proteins, which are capable of, for example, performing a function involved in the metabolism of carbon compounds such as sugars and the generation of energy molecules by processes such as oxidative phosphorylation in Corynebacterium glulamicum. Nucleic acid molecules encoding an SMP protein are referred to herein as SMP nucleic acid molecules. In a preferred embodiment, the SMP
protein participates in the conversion of carbon molecules and degradation products thereof to energy which is utilized by the cell for metabolic processes.
Examples of such proteins include those encoded by the genes set forth in Table 1.
Accordingly, one aspect of the invention pertains to isolated nucleic acid molecules (e.g., cDNAs, DNAs, or RNAs) comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an SMP protein or biologically active portions thereof, as well as nucleic acid fragments suitable as primers or hybridization probes for the detection or amplification of SMP-encoding nucleic acid (e.g., DNA or rnRNA). In particularly preferred embodiments, the isolated nucleic acid molecule comprises one of the nucleotide sequences set forth as the odd-numbered SEQ ID NOs in the Sequence Listing (e.g., SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID
NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:7.... ), or the coding region or a complement thereof of one of these nucleotide sequences. In other particularly preferred embodiments, the isolated nucleic acid molecule of the invention comprises a nucleotide sequence which hybridizes to or is at least about 50%, preferably at least about 60%, more preferably at least about 70%, 80% or 90%, and even more preferably at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more homologous to a nucleotide sequence set forth as an odd-numbered SEQ ID NO in the Sequence Listing (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID
NO:5, SEQ ID NO:7....), or a portion thereof. In other preferred embodiments, the isolated nucleic acid molecule encodes one of the amino acid sequences set forth as an even-numbered SEQ ID NO in the Sequence Listing (e.g., SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ

ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8. ... ).. The preferred SMP proteins of the present invention also preferably possess at least one of the SMP activities described herein.
In another embodiment, the isolated nucleic acid molecule encodes a protein or portion thereof wherein the protein or portion thereof includes an amino acid sequence which is sufficiently homologous to an amino acid sequence of the invention (e.g., a sequence having an even-numbered SEQ ID NO: in the Sequence Listing), e.g., sufficiently homologous to an amino acid sequence of the invention such that the protein or portion thereof maintains an SMP activity. Preferably, the protein or portion thereof encoded by the nucleic acid molecule maintains the ability to perform a function involved in the metabolism of carbon compounds such as sugars or the generation of energy molecules (e.g., ATP) by processes such as oxidative phosphorylation in Corynebacierium glutamicum. In one embodiment, the protein encoded by the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 50%, preferably at least about 60%, and more preferably at least about 70%, 80%, or 90% and most preferably at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% or more homologous to an amino acid sequence of the invention (e.g., an entire amino acid sequence selected those having an even-numbered SEQ ID NO in the Sequence Listing). In another preferred embodiment, the protein is a full length C.
glutamicum protein which is substantially homologous to an entire amino acid sequence of the invention (encoded by an open reading frame shown in the corresponding odd-numbered SEQ ID NOs in the Sequence Listing (e.g., SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:7....).
In another preferred embodiment, the isolated nucleic acid molecule is derived from C. glutamicum and encodes a protein (e.g., an SMP fusion protein) which includes a biologically active domain which is at least about 50% or more homologous to one of the amino acid sequences of the invention (e.g., a sequence of one of the even-numbered SEQ ID NOs in the Sequence Listing) and is able to perform a function involved in the metabolism of carbon compounds such as sugars or the generation of energy molecules (e.g., ATP) by processes such as oxidative phosphorylation in Corynebacterium glutamicum, or has one or more of the activities set forth in Table 1, and which also includes heterologous nucleic acid sequences encoding a heterologous polypeptide or regulatory regions.

In another embodiment, the isolated nucleic acid molecule is at least 15 nucleotides in length and hybridizes under stringent conditions to a nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence of the invention (e.g., a sequence of an odd-numbered SEQ ID NO in the Sequence Listing) A. Preferably, the isolated nucleic acid molecule corresponds to a naturally-occurring nucleic acid molecule. More preferably, the isolated nucleic acid encodes a naturally-occurring C glutamicum SMP
protein, or a biologically active portion thereof.
Another aspect of the invention pertains to vectors, e.g., recombinant expression vectors, containing the nucleic acid molecules of the invention, and host cells into which such vectors have been introduced. In one embodiment, such a host cell is used to produce an SMP protein by culturing the host cell in a suitable medium. The SMP
protein can be then isolated from the medium or the host cell.
Yet another aspect of the invention pertains to a genetically altered microorganism in which an SMP gene has been introduced or altered. In one embodiment, the genome of the microorganism has been altered by introduction of a nucleic acid molecule of the invention encoding wild-type or mutated SMP
sequence as a transgene. In another embodiment, an endogenous SMP gene within the genome of the microorganism has been altered, e.g., functionally disrupted, by homologous recombination with an altered SMP gene. In another embodiment, an endogenous or introduced SMP gene in a microorganism has been altered by one or more point mutations, deletions, or inversions, but still encodes a functional SMP
protein. In still another embodiment, one or more of the regulatory regions (e.g., a promoter, repressor, or inducer) of an SMP gene in a microorganism has been altered (e.g., by deletion, truncation, inversion, or point mutation) such that the expression of the SMP
gene is modulated. In a prefen:ed embodiment, the microorganism belongs to the genus Corynebacterium or Brevibacterium, with Corynebacterium glutamicum being particularly preferred. In a preferred embodiment, the microorganism is also utilized for the production of a desired compound, such as an amino acid, with lysine being particularly preferred.
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of identifying the presence or activity of Cornyebacterium diphtheriae in a subject. This method includes detection of one or more of the nucleic acid or amino acid sequences of the invention (e.g., the sequences set forth in the Sequence Listing as SEQ ID NOs 1 through 782) in a subject, thereby detecting the presence or activity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in the subject.
Still another aspect of the invention pertains to an isolated SMP protein or a portion, e.g., a biologically active portion, thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the isolated SMP protein or portion thereof is capable of performing a function involved in the metabolism of carbon compounds such as sugars or in the generation of energy molecules (e.g., ATP) by processes such as oxidative phosphorylation in Corynebacterium glutamicum. In another preferred embodiment, the isolated SMP
protein or portion thereof is sufficiently homologous to an amino acid sequence of the invention (e.g., a sequence of an even-numbered SEQ ID NO: in the Sequence Listing) such that the protein or portion thereof maintains the ability to perfotm a function involved in the metabolism of.carbon compounds such as sugars or in the generation of energy molecules (e.g., ATP) by processes such as oxidative phosphorylation in Corynebacterium glutamicum.
The invention also provides an isolated preparation of an SMP protein. In preferred embodiments, the SMP protein comprises an amino acid sequence of the invention (e.g., a sequence of an even-numbered SEQ ID NO: of the Sequence Listing), In another preferred embodiment, the invention pertains to an isolated full length protein which is substantially homologous to an entire amino acid sequence of the invention (e.g., a sequence of an even-numbered SEQ ID NO: of the Sequence Listing) (encoded by an open reading frame set forth in a corresponding odd-numbered SEQ ID NO:
of the Sequence Listing). In yet another embodiment, the protein is at least about 50%, preferably at least about 60%, and more preferably at least about 70%, 80%, or 90%, and most preferably at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% or more homologous to an entire amino acid sequence of the invention (e.g., a sequence of an even-numbered SEQ ID NO: of the Sequence Listing). In other embodiments, the isolated SMP
protein comprises an amino acid sequence which is at least about 50% or more homologous to one of the amino acid sequences of the invention (e.g., a sequence of an even-numbered SEQ ID NO: of the Sequence Listing) and is able to perform a function involved in the metabolism of carbon compounds such as sugars or in the generation of energy molecules (e.g., ATP) by processes such as oxidative phosphorylation in Corynebacterium glutamicum, or has one or more of the activities set forth in Table 1.

Alternatively, the isolated SMP protein can comprise an amino acid sequence which is encoded by a nucleotide sequence which hybridizes, e.g., hybridizes under stringent conditions, or is at least about 50%, preferably at least about 60%, more preferably at least about 70%, 80%, or 90%, and even more preferably at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98,%, or 99% or more homologous to a nucleotide sequence of one of the even-numbered SEQ ID NOs set forth in the Sequence Listing. It is also preferred that the preferred fonns of SMP proteins also have one or more of the SMP
bioactivities described herein.
The SMP polypeptide, or a biologically active portion thereof, can be operatively linked to a non-SMP polypeptide to form a fusion protein. In preferred embodiments, this fusion protein has an activity which differs from that of the SMP protein alone. In other prefened embodiments, this fusion protein performs a function involved in the metabolism of carbon compounds such as sugars or in the generation of energy molecules (e.g., ATP) by processes such as oxidative phosphorylation in Corynebacterium glutamicum. In particularly preferred embodiments, integration of this fusion protein into a host cell modulates production of a desired compound from the cell.
In another aspect, the invention provides methods for screening molecules which modulate the activity of an SMP protein, either by interacting with the protein itself or a substrate or binding partner of the SMP protein, or by modulating the transcription or translation of an SMP nucleic acid molecule of the invention.
Another aspect of the invention pertains to a method for producing a fine chemical. This method involves the culturing of a cell containing a vector directing the expression of an SMP nucleic acid molecule of the invention, such that a fine chemical is produced. In a preferred embodiment, this method further includes the step of obtaining a cell containing such a vector, in which a cell is transfected with a vector directing the expression of an SMP nucleic acid. In another preferred embodiment, this method further includes the step of recovering the fine chemical from the culture. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the cell is from the genus Corynebacterium or Brevibacterium, or is selected from those strains set forth in Table 3.
Another aspect of the invention pertains to methods for modulating production of a molecule from a microorganism. Such methods include contacting the cell with an agent which modulates SMP protein activity or SMP nucleic acid expression such that a cell associated activity is altered relative to this same activity in the absence of the agent. In a preferred embodiment, the cell is modulated for one or more C.
glutamicum carbon metabolism pathways or for the production of energy through processes such as oxidative phosphorylation, such that the yields or rate of production of a desired fine chemical by this microorganism is improved. The agent which modulates SMP
protein activity can be an agent which stimulates SMP protein activity or SMP nucleic acid expression. Examples of agents which stimulate SMP protein activity or SMP
nucleic acid expression include small molecules, active SMP proteins, and nucleic acids encoding SMP proteins that have been introduced into the cell. Examples of agents which inhibit SMP activity or expression include small molecules and antisense SMP
nucleic acid molecules.
Another aspect of the invention pertains to methods for modulating yields of a desired compound from a cell, involving the introduction of a wild-type or mutant SMP
gene into a cell, either maintained on a separate plasmid or integrated into the genome of the host cell. If integrated into the genome, such integration can be random, or it can take place by homologous recombination such that the native gene is replaced by the introduced copy, causing the production of the desired compound from the cell to be modulated. In a preferred embodiment, said yields are increased. In another preferred embodiment, said chemical is a fine chemical. In a particularly preferred embodiment, said fine chemical is an amino acid. In especially preferred embodiments, said amino acid is L-lysine.

Detailed Description of the Invention The present invention provides SMP nucleic acid and protein molecules which are involved in the metabolism of carbon compounds such as sugars and the generation of energy molecules by processes such as oxidative phosphorylation in Corynebacterium glutamicum. The molecules of the invention may be utilized in the modulation of production of fine chemicals from microorganisms, such as C.
glutamicum, either directly (e.g., where overexpression or optimization of a glycolytic pathway protein has a direct impact on the yield, production, and/or efficiency of production of, e.g., pyruvate from modified C. glutamicum), or may have an indirect impact which nonetheless results in an increase of yield, production, and/or efficiency of production of the desired compound (e.g., where modulation of proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation results in alterations in the amount of energy available to perform necessary metabolic processes and other cellular functions, such as nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis and transcription/translation). Aspects of the invention are further explicated below.

1. Fine Chemicals The term 'fine chemical' is art-recognized and includes molecules produced by an organism which have applications in various industries, such as, but not limited to, the pharmaceutical, agriculture, and cosmetics industries. Such compounds include organic acids, such as tartaric acid, itaconic acid, and diaminopimelic acid, both proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids, purine and pyrimidine bases, nucleosides, and nucleotides (as described e.g. in Kuninaka, A. (1996) Nucleotides and related compounds, p. 561-612, in Biotechnology vol. 6, Rehm et al., eds. VCH:
Weinheim, and references contained therein), lipids, both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., arachidonic acid), diols (e.g., propane diol, and butane diol), carbohydrates (e.g., hyaluronic acid and trehalose), aromatic compounds (e.g., aromatic amines, vanillin, and indigo), vitamins and cofactors (as described in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, vol. A27, "Vitamins", p. 443-613 (1996) VCH: Weinheim and references therein; and Ong, A.S., Niki, E. & Packer, L. (1995) "Nutrition, Lipids, Health, and Disease" Proceedings of the UNESCO/Confederation of Scientific and Technological Associations in Malaysia, and the Society for Free Radical Research -Asia, held Sept. 1-3, 1994 at Penang, Malaysia, AOCS Press, (1995)), enzymes, polyketides (Cane el al. (1998) Science 282: 63-68), and all other chemicals described in Gutcho (1983) Chemicals by Fermentation, Noyes Data Corporation, ISBN:
0818805086 and references therein. The metabolism and uses of certain of these fine chemicals are further explicated below.

A. Amino Acid Metabolism and Uses Amino acids comprise the basic structural units of all proteins, and as such are essential for normal cellular functioning in all organisms. The term "amino acid" is art-recognized. The proteinogenic amino acids, of which there are 20 species, serve as structural units for proteins, in which they are linked by peptide bonds, while the nonproteinogenic amino acids (hundreds of which are known) are not normally found in proteins (see Ulmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, vol. A2, p. 57-97 VCH:
Weinheim (1985)). Amino acids may be in the D- or L- optical configuration, though L-amino acids are generally the only type found in naturally-occurring proteins.
Biosynthetic and degradative pathways of each of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids have been well characterized in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (see, for example, Stryer, L. Biochemistry, 3rd edition, pages 578-590 (1988)). The 'essential' amino acids (histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine), so named because they are generally a nutritional requirement due to the complexity of their biosyntheses, are readily converted by simple biosynthetic pathways to the remaining 11 'nonessential' amino acids (alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine).
Higher animals do retain the ability to synthesize some of these amino acids, but the essential amino acids must be supplied from the diet in order for normal protein synthesis to occur.
Aside from their function in protein biosynthesis, these amino acids are interesting chemicals in their own right, and many have been found to have various applications in the food, feed, chemical, cosmetics, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries. Lysine is an important amino acid in the nutrition not only of humans, but also of monogastric animals such as poultry and swine. Glutamate is most commonly used as a flavor additive (mono-sodium glutamate, MSG) and is widely used throughout the food industry, as are aspartate, phenylalanine, glycine, and cysteine.
Glycine, L-methionine and tryptophan are all utilized in the pharmaceutical industry.
Glutamine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, histidine, arginine, proline, serine and alanine are of use in both the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Threonine, tryptophan, and D/ L-methionine are common feed additives. (Leuchtenberger, W. (1996) Amino aids -technical production and use, p. 466-502 in Rehm et al. (eds.) Biotechnology vol. 6, chapter 14a, VCH: Weinheim). Additionally, these amino acids have been found to be useful as precursors for the synthesis of synthetic amino acids and proteins, such as N-acetylcysteine, S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine, (S)-5-hydroxytryptophan, and others described in Ulmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, vol. A2, p. 57-97, VCH:
Weinheim, 1985.
The biosynthesis of these natural amino acids in organisms capable of producing them, such as bacteria, has been well characterized (for review of bacterial amino acid biosynthesis and regulation thereof, see Umbarger, H.E.(1978) Ann.
Rev.
Biochem. 47: 533-606). Glutamate is synthesized by the reductive amination of a-ketoglutarate, an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. Glutamine, proline, and arginine are each subsequently produced from glutamate. The biosynthesis of serine is a three-step process beginning with 3-phosphoglycerate (an intermediate in glycolysis), and resulting in this amino acid after oxidation, transamination, and hydrolysis steps. Both cysteine and glycine are produced from serine; the former by the condensation of homocysteine with serine, and the latter by the transferal of the side-chain R-carbon atom to tetrahydrofolate, in a reaction catalyzed by serine transhydroxymethylase.
Phenylalanine, and tyrosine are synthesized from the glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathway precursors erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate in a 9-step biosynthetic pathway that differ only at the final two steps after synthesis of prephenate.
Tryptophan is also produced from these two initial molecules, but its synthesis is an 11-step pathway. Tyrosine may also be synthesized from phenylalanine, in a reaction catalyzed by phenylalanine hydroxylase. Alanine, valine, and leucine are all biosynthetic products of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis. Aspartate is formed from oxaloacetate, an intermediate of the citric acid cycle. Asparagine, methionine, threonine, and lysine are each produced by the conversion of aspartate.
Isoleucine is formed from threonine. A complex 9-step pathway results in the production of histidine from 5-phosphoribosyl-l-pyrophosphate, an activated sugar.
Amino acids in excess of the protein synthesis needs of the cell cannot be stored, and are instead degraded to provide intermediates for the major metabolic pathways of the cell (for review see Stryer, L. Biochemistry 3"d ed. Ch. 21 "Amino Acid Degradation and the Urea Cycle" p. 495-516 (1988)). Although the cell is able to convert unwanted amino acids into useful metabolic intermediates, amino acid production is costly in terms of energy, precursor molecules, and the enzymes necessary to synthesize them.
Thus it is not surprising that amino acid biosynthesis is regulated by feedback inhibition, in which the presence of a particular amino acid serves to slow or entirely stop its own production (for overview of feedback mechanisms in amino acid biosynthetic pathways, see Stryer, L. Biochemistry, 3'd ed. Ch. 24: "Biosynthesis of Amino Acids and Heme" p.
575-600 (1988)). Thus, the output of any particular amino acid is limited by the amount of that amino acid present in the cell.
B. Vitamin, Cofactor, and Nutraceutical Metabolism and Uses Vitamins, cofactors, and nutraceuticals comprise another group of molecules which the higher animals have lost the ability to synthesize and so must ingest, although they are readily synthesized by other organisms such as bacteria. These molecules are either bioactive substances themselves, or are precursors of biologically active substances which may serve as electron carriers or intermediates in a variety of metabolic pathways. Aside from their nutritive value, these compounds also have significant industrial value as coloring agents, antioxidants, and catalysts or other processing aids. (For an overview of the structure, activity, and industrial applications of these compounds, see, for example, Ullman's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, "Vitamins" vol. A27, p. 443-613, VCH: Weinheim, 1996.) The term "vitamin" is art-recognized, and includes nutrients which are required by an organism for normal functioning, but which that organism cannot synthesize by itself. The group of vitamins may encompass cofactors and nutraceutical compounds. The language "cofactor"
includes nonproteinaceous compounds required for a normal enzymatic activity to occur. Such compounds may be organic or inorganic; the cofactor molecules of the invention are preferably organic. The term "nutraceutical" includes dietary supplements having health benefits in plants and animals, particularly humans. Examples of such molecules are vitamins, antioxidants, and also certain lipids (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids).
The biosynthesis of these molecules in organisms capable of producing them, such as bacteria, has been largely characterized (Ullman's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, "Vitamins" vol. A27, p. 443-613, VCH: Weinheim, 1996; Michal, G.
(1999) Biochemical Pathways: An Atlas of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons; Ong, A.S., Niki, E. & Packer, L. (1995) "Nutrition, Lipids, Health, and Disease" Proceedings of the UNESCO/Confederation of Scientific and Technological Associations in Malaysia, and the Society for Free Radical Research - Asia, held Sept.
1-3, 1994 at Penang, Malaysia, AOCS Press: Champaign, IL X, 374 S).
Thiamin (vitamin Bi) is produced by the chemical coupling of pyrimidine and thiazole moieties. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is synthesized from guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) and ribose-5'-phosphate. Riboflavin, in turn, is utilized for the synthesis of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). The family of compounds collectively termed 'vitamin B6' (e.g., pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxa-5'-phosphate, and the commercially used pyridoxin hydrochloride) are all derivatives of the common structural unit, 5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine. Pantothenate (pantothenic acid, (R)-(+)-N-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-l-oxobutyl)-o-alanine) can be produced either by chemical synthesis or by fermentation. The final steps in pantothenate biosynthesis consist of the ATP-driven condensation of 0-alanine and pantoic acid. The enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis steps for the conversion to pantoic acid, to 0-alanine and for the condensation to panthotenic acid are known. The metabolically active form of pantothenate is Coenzyme A, for which the biosynthesis proceeds in 5 enzymatic steps. Pantothenate, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, cysteine and ATP are the precursors of Coenzyme A. These enzymes not only catalyze the formation of panthothante, but also the production of (R)-pantoic acid, (R)-pantolacton, (R)-panthenol (provitamin B5), pantetheine (and its derivatives) and coenzyme A.
Biotin biosynthesis from the precursor molecule pimeloyl-CoA in microorganisms has been studied in detail and several of the genes involved have been identified. Many of the corresponding proteins have been found to also be involved in Fe-cluster synthesis and are members of the nifS class of proteins. Lipoic acid is derived from octanoic acid, and serves as a coenzyme in energy metabolism, where it becomes part of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. The folates are a group of substances which are all derivatives of folic acid, which is turn is derived from L-glutamic acid, p-amino-benzoic acid and 6-methylpterin. The biosynthesis of folic acid and its derivatives, starting from the metabolism intermediates guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP), L-glutamic acid and p-amino-benzoic acid has been studied in detail in certain microorganisms.
Corrinoids (such as the cobalamines and particularly vitamin B12) and porphyrines belong to a group of chemicals characterized by a tetrapyrole ring system.

The biosynthesis of vitamin B12 is sufficiently complex that it has not yet been completely characterized, but many of the enzymes and substrates involved are now known. Nicotinic acid (nicotinate), and nicotinamide are pyridine derivatives which are also termed 'niacin'. Niacin is the precursor of the important coenzymes NAD
(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and their reduced forms.
The large-scale production of these compounds has largely relied on cell-free chemical syntheses, though some of these chemicals have also been produced by large-scale culture of microorganisms, such as riboflavin, Vitamin B6, pantothenate, and biotin. Only Vitamin B1Z is produced solely by fermentation, due to the complexity of its synthesis. In vitro methodologies require significant inputs of materials and time, often at great cost.

C. Purine, Pyrimidine, Nucleoside and Nucleotide Metabolism and Uses Purine and pyrimidine metabolism genes and their corresponding proteins are important targets for the therapy of tumor diseases and viral infections. The language "purine" or "pyrimidine" includes the nitrogenous bases which are constituents of nucleic acids, co-enzymes, and nucleotides. The term "nucleotide" includes the basic structural units of nucleic acid molecules, which are comprised of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar (in the case of RNA, the sugar is ribose; in the case of DNA, the sugar is D-deoxyribose), and phosphoric acid. The language "nucleoside" includes molecules which serve as precursors to nucleotides, but which are lacking the phosphoric acid moiety that nucleotides possess. By inhibiting the biosynthesis of these molecules, or their mobilization to form nucleic acid molecules, it is possible to inhibit RNA and DNA
synthesis; by inhibiting this activity in a fashion targeted to cancerous cells, the ability of tumor cells to divide and replicate may be inhibited. Additionally, there are nucleotides which do not form nucleic acid molecules, but rather serve as energy stores (i.e., AMP) or as coenzymes (i.e., FAD and NAD).
Several publications have described the use of these chemicals for these medical indications, by influencing purine and/or pyrimidine metabolism (e.g.
Christopherson, R.I. and Lyons, S.D. (1990) "Potent inhibitors of de novo pyrimidine and purine biosynthesis as chemotherapeutic agents." Med. Res. Reviews 10: 505-548).
Studies of enzymes involved in purine and pyrimidine metabolism have been focused on the development of new drugs which can be used, for example, as inununosuppressants or anti-proliferants (Smith, J.L., (1995) "Enzymes in nucleotide synthesis."
Curr. Opin.
Struct. Biol. 5: 752-757; (1995) Biochem Soc. Transact. 23: 877-902). However, purine and pyrimidine bases, nucleosides and nucleotides have other utilities: as intermediates in the biosynthesis of several fine chemicals (e.g., thiamine, S-adenosyl-methionine, folates, or riboflavin), as energy carriers for the cell (e.g., ATP or GTP), and for chemicals themselves, commonly used as flavor enhancers (e.g., IMP or GMP) or for several medicinal applications (see, for example, Kuninaka, A. (1996) Nucleotides and Related Compounds in Biotechnology vol. 6, Rehm et al., eds. VCH: Weinheim, p.

612). Also, enzymes involved in purine, pyrimidine, nucleoside, or nucleotide metabolism are increasingly serving as targets against which chemicals for crop protection, including fungicides, herbicides and insecticides, are developed.
The metabolism of these compounds in bacteria has been characterized (for reviews see, for example, Zalkin, H. and Dixon, J.E. (1992) "de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis", in: Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology, vol. 42, Academic Press:, p. 259-287; and Michal, G. (1999) "Nucleotides and Nucleosides", Chapter 8 in: Biochemical Pathways: An Atlas of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wiley: New York). Purine metabolism has been the subject of intensive research, and is essential to the normal functioning of the cell. Impaired purine metabolism in higher animals can cause severe disease, such as gout. Purine nucleotides are synthesized from ribose-5-phosphate, in a series of steps through the intermediate compound inosine-5'-phosphate (IMP), resulting in the production of guanosine-5'-monophosphate (GMP) or adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP), from which the triphosphate forms utilized as nucleotides are readily formed. These compounds are also utilized as energy stores, so their degradation provides energy for many different biochemical processes in the cell.
Pyrimidine biosynthesis proceeds by the formation of uridine-5'-monophosphate (UMP) from ribose-5-phosphate. UMP, in turn, is converted to cytidine-5'-triphosphate (CTP).
The deoxy- forms of all of these nucleotides are produced in a one step reduction reaction from the diphosphate ribose form of the nucleotide to the diphosphate deoxyribose form of the nucleotide. Upon phosphorylation, these molecules are able to participate in DNA synthesis.

D. Trehalose Metabolism and Uses Trehalose consists of two glucose molecules, bound in a, a-1,1 linkage. It is commonly used in the food industry as a sweetener, an additive for dried or frozen foods, and in beverages. However, it also has applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics and biotechnology industries (see, for example, Nishimoto et al., (1998) U.S.
Patent No. 5,759,610; Singer, M.A. and Lindquist, S. (1998) Trends Biotech.
16: 460-467; Paiva, C.L.A. and Panek, A.D. (1996) Biotech. Ann. Rev. 2: 293-314; and Shiosaka, M. (1997) J. Japan 172: 97-102). Trehalose is produced by enzymes from many microorganisms and is naturally released into the surrounding medium, from which it can be collected using methods known in the art.

II. Sugar and Carbon Molecule Utilization and Oxidative Phosphorylation Carbon is a critically important element for the formation of all organic compounds, and thus is a nutritional requirement not only for the growth and division of C. glu[amicum, but also for the overproduction of fine chemicals from this microorganism. Sugars, such as mono-, di-, or polysaccharides, are particularly good carbon sources, and thus standard growth media typically contain one or more of:
glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, ribose, sorbose, ribulose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, raffinose, starch, or cellulose (Ullmann's Encyclopedia of IndusVial Chemistry (1987) vol. A9, "Enzymes", VCH: Weinheim). Alternatively, more complex forms of sugar may be utilized in the media, such as molasses, or other by-products of sugar refinement. Other compounds aside from the sugars may be used as alternate carbon sources, including alcohols (e.g., ethanol or methanol), alkanes, sugar alcohols, fatty acids, and organic acids (e.g., acetic acid or lactic acid). For a review of carbon sources and their utilization by microorganisms in culture, see: Ullman's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (1987) vol. A9, "Enzymes", VCH: Weinheim; Stoppok, E. and Buchholz, K. (1996) "Sugar-based raw materials for fermentation applications"
in Biotechnology (Rehm, H.J. et al., eds.) vol. 6, VCH: Weinheim, p. 5-29; Rehm, H.J.
(1980) Industrielle Mikrobiologie, Springer: Berlin; Bartholomew, W.H., and Reiman, H.B. (1979). Economics of Fermentation Processes, in: Peppler, H.J. and Perlman, D., eds. Microbial Technology 2"d ed., vol. 2, chapter 18, Academic Press: New York; and Kockova-Kratachvilova, A. (1981) Characteristics of Industrial Microorganisms, in:
Rehm, H.J. and Reed, G., eds. Handbook of Biotechnology, vol. 1, chapter 1, Verlag Chemie: Weinheim.
After uptake, these energy-rich carbon molecules must be processed such that they are able to be degraded by one of the major sugar metabolic pathways.
Such pathways lead directly to useful degradation products, such as ribose-5-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate, which may be subsequently converted to pyruvate. Three of the most important pathways in bacteria for sugar metabolism include the Embden-Meyerhoff-Pamas (EMP) pathway (also known as the glycolytic or fructose bisphosphate pathway), the hexosemonophosphate (HMP) pathway (also known as the pentose shunt or pentose phosphate pathway), and the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway (for review, see Michal, G. (1999) Biochemical Pathways: An Atlas of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wiley: New York, and Stryer, L. (1988) Biochemistry, Chapters 13-19, Freeman: New York, and references therein).
The EMP pathway converts hexose molecules to pyruvate, and in the process produces 2 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of NADH. Starting with glucose- I-phosphate (which may be either directly taken up from the medium, or alternatively may be generated from glycogen, starch, or cellulose), the glucose molecule is isomerized to fructose-6-phosphate, is phosphorylated, and split into two 3-carbon molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. After dehydrogenation, phosphorylation, and successive rearrangements, pyruvate results.
The HMP pathway converts glucose to reducing equivalents, such as NADPH, and produces pentose and tetrose compounds which are necessary as intermediates and precursors in a number of other metabolic pathways. In the HMP pathway, glucose-6-phosphate is converted to ribulose-5-phosphate by two successive dehydrogenase reactions (which also release two NADPH molecules), and a carboxylation step.
Ribulose-5-phosphate may also be converted to xyulose-5-phosphate and ribose-5-phosphate; the former can undergo a series of biochemical steps to glucose-6-phosphate, which may enter the EMP pathway, while the latter is commonly utilized as an intermediate in other biosynthetic pathways within the cell.
The ED pathway begins with the compound glucose or gluconate, which is subsequently phosphorylated and dehydrated to form 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-P-gluconate.

Glucuronate and galacturonate may also be converted to 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-P-gluconate through more complex biochemical pathways. This product molecule is subsequently cleaved into glyceraldehyde-3-P and pyruvate; glyceraldehyde-3-P
may itself also be converted to pyruvate.
The EMP and HMP pathways share many features, including intermediates and enzymes. The EMP pathway provides the greatest amount of ATP, but it does not produce ribose-5-phosphate, an important precursor for, e.g., nucleic acid biosynthesis, nor does it produce erythrose-4-phosphate, which is important for amino acid biosynthesis. Microorganisms that are capable of using only the EMP pathway for glucose utilization are thus not able to grow on simple media with glucose as the sole carbon source. They are referred to as fastidious organisms, and their growth requires inputs of complex organic compounds, such as those found in yeast extract.
In contrast, the HMP pathway produces all of the precursors necessary for both nucleic acid and amino acid biosynthesis, yet yields only half the amount of ATP energy that the EMP pathway does. The HMP pathway also produces NADPH, which may be used for redox reactions in biosynthetic pathways. The HMP pathway does not directly produce pyruvate, however, and thus these microorganisms must also possess this portion of the EMP pathway. It is therefore not surprising that a number of microorganisms, particularly the facultative anerobes, have evolved such that they possess both of these pathways.
The ED pathway has thus far has only been found in bacteria. Although this pathway is linked partly to the HMP pathway in the reverse direction for precursor formation, the ED pathway directly forms pyruvate by the aldolase cleavage of ketodeoxy-6-phosphogluconate. The ED pathway can exist on its own and is utilized by the majority of strictly aerobic microorganisms. The net result is similar to that of the HMP pathway, although one mole of ATP can be formed only if the carbon atoms are converted into pyruvate, instead of into precursor molecules.
The pyruvate molecules produced through any of these pathways can be readily converted into energy via the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle, the citrate cycle, or the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle)). In this process, pyruvate is first decarboxylated, resulting in the production of one molecule of NADH, I
molecule of acetyl-CoA, and I molecule of COZ. The acetyl group of acetyl CoA then reacts with the 4 carbon unit, oxaolacetate, leading to the fonmation of citric acid, a 6 carbon organic acid. Dehydration and two additional COZ molecules are released.
Ultimately, oxaloacetate is regenerated and can serve again as an acetyl acceptor, thus completing the cycle. The electrons released during the oxidation of intermediates in the TCA cycle are transferred to NAD+ to yield NADH.
During respiration, the electrons from NADH are transferred to molecular oxygen or other terminal electron acceptors. This process is catalyzed by the respiratory chain, an electron transport system containing both integral membrane proteins and membrane associated proteins. This system serves two basic functions: first, to accept electrons from an electron donor and to transfer them to an electron acceptor, and second, to conserve some of the energy released during electron transfer by the synthesis of ATP. Several types of oxidation-reduction enzymes and electron transport proteins are known to be involved in such processes, including the NADH dehydrogenases, flavin-containing electron carriers, iron sulfur proteins, and cytochromes.
The NADH
dehydrogenases are located at the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane, and transfer hydrogen atoms from NADH to flavoproteins, in turn accepting electrons from NADH. The flavoproteins are a group of electron carriers possessing a flavin prosthetic group which is alternately reduced and oxidized as it accepts and transfers electrons.
Three flavins are known to participate in these reactions: riboflavin, flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin-mononucleotide (FMN). Iron sulfur proteins contain a cluster of iron and sulfur atoms which are not bonded to a heme group, but which still are able to participate in dehydration and rehydration reactions. Succinate dehydrogenase and aconitase are exemplary iron-sulfur proteins; their iron-sulfur complexes serve to accept and transfer electrons as part of the overall electron-transport chain. The cytochromes are proteins containing an iron porphyrin ring (heme).
There are a number of different classes of cytochromes, differing in their reduction potentials.
Functionally, these cytochromes form pathways in which electrons may be transferred to other cytochromes having increasingly more positive reduction potentials. A
further class of non-protein electron carriers is known: the lipid-soluble quinones (e.g., coenzyme Q). These molecules also serve as hydrogen atom acceptors and electron donors.

The action of the respiratory chain generates a proton gradient across the cell membrane, resulting in proton motive force. This force is utilized by the cell to synthesize ATP, via the membrane-spanning enzyme, ATP synthase. This enzyme is a multiprotein complex in which the transport of H+ molecules through the membrane results in the physical rotation of the intracellular subunits and concomitant phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP (for review, see Fillingame, R.H. and Divall, S.
(1999) Novartis Found. Symp. 221: 218-229, 229-234).
Non-hexose carbon substrates may also serve as carbon and energy sources for cells. Such substrates may first be converted to hexose sugars in the gluconeogenesis pathway, where glucose is first synthesized by the cell and then is degraded to produce energy. The starting material for this reaction is phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), which is one of the key intermediates in the glycolytic pathway. PEP may be formed from substrates other than sugars, such as acetic acid, or by decarboxylation of oxaloacetate (itself an intermediate in the TCA cycle). By reversing the glycolytic pathway (utilizing a cascade of enzymes different than those of the original glycolysis pathway), glucose-6-phosphate may be formed. The conversion of pyruvate to glucose requires the utilization of 6 high energy phosphate bonds, whereas glycolysis only produces in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate. However, the complete oxidation of glucose (glycolysis, conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation) yields between 36-38 ATP, so the net loss of high energy phosphate bonds experienced during gluconeogenesis is offset by the overall greater gain in such high-energy molecules produced by the oxidation of glucose.

III. Elements and Methods of the Invention The present invention is based, at least in part, on the discovery of novel molecules, referred to herein as SMP nucleic acid and protein molecules, which participate in the conversion of sugars to useful degradation products and energy (e.g., ATP) in C. glutamicum or which may participate in the production of useful energy-rich molecules (e.g., ATP) by other processes, such as oxidative phosphorylation.
In one embodiment, the SMP molecules participate in the metabolism of carbon compounds such as sugars or the generation of energy molecules (e.g., ATP) by processes such as oxidative phosphorylation in Corynebacterium glutamicum. In a preferred embodiment, the activity of the SMP molecules of the present invention to contribute to carbon metabolism or energy production in C. glutamicum has an impact on the production of a desired fine chemical by this organism. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the SMP
molecules of the invention are modulated in activity, such that the C.
glutamicum metabolic and energetic pathways in which the SMP proteins of the invention participate are modulated in yield, production, and/or efficiency of production, which either directly or indirectly modulates the yield, production, and/or efficiency of production of a desired fine chemical by C. glutamicum.
The language, "SMP protein" or "SMP polypeptide" includes proteins which are capable of performing a function involved in the metabolism of carbon compounds such as sugars and the generation of energy molecules by processes such as oxidative phosphorylation in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Examples of SMP proteins include those encoded by the SMP genes set forth in Table l and by the odd-numbered SEQ ID
NOs. The terms "SMP gene" or "SMP nucleic acid sequence" include nucleic acid sequences encoding an SMP protein, which consist of a coding region and also corresponding untranslated 5' and 3' sequence regions. Examples of SMP genes include those set forth in Table 1. The terms "production" or "productivity" are art-recognized and include the concentration of the fermentation product (for example, the desired fine chemical) formed within a given time and a given fermentation volume (e.g., kg product per hour per liter). The term "efficiency of production" includes the time required for a.
particular level of production to be achieved (for example, how long it takes for the cell to attain a particular rate of output of a fine chemical). The term "yield" or "product/carbon yield" is art-recognized and includes the efficiency of the conversion of the carbon source into the product (i.e., fine chemical). This is generally written as, for example, kg product per kg carbon source. By increasing the yield or production of the compound, the quantity of recovered molecules, or of useful recovered molecules of that compound in a given amount of culture over a given amount of time is increased. The terms "biosynthesis" or a "biosynthetic pathway" are art-recognized and include the synthesis of a compound, preferably an organic compound, by a cell from intenmediate compounds in what may be a multistep and highly regulated process. The terms "degradation" or a "degradation pathway" are art-recognized and include the breakdown of a compound, preferably an organic compound, by a cell to degradation products (generally speaking, smaller or less complex molecules) in what may be a multistep and highly regulated process. The tenn "degradation product" is art-recognized and includes breakdown products of a compound. Such products may themselves have utility as precursor (starting point) or intermediate molecules necessary for the biosynthesis of other compounds by the cell. The language "metabolism"
is art-recognized and includes the totality of the biochemical reactions that take place in an organism. The metabolism of a particular compound, then, (e.g., the metabolism of an amino acid such as glycine) comprises the overall biosynthetic, modification, and degradation pathways in the cell related to this compound.
In another embodiment, the SMP molecules of the invention are capable of modulating the production of a desired molecule, such as a fine chemical, in a microorganism such as C. glutamicum. There are a number of mechanisms by which the alteration of an SMP protein of the invention may directly affect the yield, production, and/or efficiency of production of a fine chemical from a C.
glutamicum strain incorporating such an altered protein. The degradation of high-energy carbon molecules such as sugars, and the conversion of compounds such as NADH and to more useful forms via oxidative phosphorylation results in a number of compounds which themselves may be desirable fine chemicals, such as pyruvate, ATP, NADH, and a number of intermediate sugar compounds. Further, the energy molecules (such as ATP) and the reducing equivalents (such as NADH or NADPH) produced by these metabolic pathways are utilized in the cell to drive reactions which would otherwise be energetically unfavorable. Such unfavorable reactions include many biosynthetic pathways for fine chemicals. By improving the ability of the cell to utilize a particular sugar (e.g., by manipulating the genes encoding enzymes involved in the degradation and conversion of that sugar into energy for the cell), one may increase the amount of energy available to permit unfavorable, yet desired metabolic reactions (e.g., the biosynthesis of a desired fine chemical) to occur.
The mutagenesis of one or more SMP genes of the invention may also result in SMP proteins having altered activities which indirectly impact the production of one or more desired fine chemicals from C. glutamicum. For example, by increasing the efficiency of utilization of one or more sugars (such that the conversion of the sugar to useful energy molecules is improved), or by increasing the efficiency of conversion of reducing equivalents to useful energy molecules (e.g., by improving the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, or the activity of the ATP synthase), one can increase the amount of these high-energy compounds available to the cell to drive normally unfavorable metabolic processes. These processes include the construction of cell walls, transcription, translation, and the biosynthesis of compounds necessary for growth and division of the cells (e.g., nucleotides, amino acids, vitamins, lipids, etc.) (Lengeler et al.
(1999) Biology of Prokaryotes, Thieme Verlag: Stuttgart, p. 88-109; 913-918;
875-899).
By improving the growth and multiplication of these engineered cells, it is possible to increase both the viability of the cells in large-scale culture, and also to improve their rate of division, such that a relatively larger number of cells can survive in fermentor culture. The yield, production, or efficiency of production may be increased, at least due to the presence of a greater number of viable cells, each producing the desired fine chemical. Further, a number of the degradation and intermediate compounds produced during sugar metabolism are necessary precursors and intermediates for other biosynthetic pathways throughout the cell. For example, many amino acids are synthesized directly from compounds normally resulting from glycolysis or the TCA
cycle (e.g., serine is synthesized from 3-phosphoglycerate, an intermediate in glycolysis). Thus, by increasing the efficiency of conversion of sugars to useful energy molecules, it is also possible to increase the amount of useful degradation products as well.
The isolated nucleic acid sequences of the invention are contained within the genome of a Corynebacterium glutamicum strain available through the American Type Culture Collection, given designation ATCC 13032. The nucleotide sequence of the isolated C. glutamicum SMP DNAs and the predicted amino acid sequences of the C.
glutamicum SMP proteins are shown in the Sequence Listing as odd-numbered SEQ
ID
NOs and even-numbered SEQ ID NOs, respectively. Computational analyses were performed which classified and/or identified these nucleotide sequences as sequences which encode proteins having a function involved in the metabolism of carbon compounds such as sugars or in the generation of energy molecules by processes such as oxidative phosphorylation in Corynebacterium glulamicum.
The present invention also pertains to proteins which have an amino acid sequence which is substantially homologous to an amino acid sequence of the invention (e.g., the sequence of an even-numbered SEQ ID NO of the Sequence Listing). As used herein, a protein which has an amino acid sequence which is substantially homologous to a selected amino acid sequence is least about 50% homologous to the selected amino acid sequence, e.g., the entire selected amino acid sequence. A protein which has an amino acid sequence which is substantially homologous to a selected amino acid sequence can also be least about 50-60%, preferably at least about 60-70%, and more preferably at least about 70-80%, 80-90%, or 90-95%, and most preferably at least about 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more homologous to the selected amino acid sequence.
An SMP protein or a biologically active portion or fragment thereof of the invention can participate in the metabolism of carbon compounds such as sugars or in the generation of energy molecules (e.g., ATP) by processes such as oxidative phosphorylation in Corynebacterium glutamicum, or can have one or more of the activities set forth in Table 1.
Various aspects of the invention are described in further detail in the following subsections:

A. Isolated Nucleic Acid Molecules One aspect of the invention pertains to isolated nucleic acid molecules that encode SMP polypeptides or biologically active portions thereof, as well as nucleic acid fragments sufficient for use as hybridization probes or primers for the identification or amplification of SMP-encoding nucleic acid (e.g., SMP DNA). As used herein, the term "nucleic acid molecule" is intended to include DNA molecules (e.g., cDNA or genomic DNA) and RNA molecules (e.g., mRNA) and analogs of the DNA or RNA generated using nucleotide analogs. This term also encompasses untranslated sequence located at both the 3' and 5' ends of the coding region of the gene: at least about 100 nucleotides of sequence upstream from the 5' end of the coding region and at least about nucleotides of sequence downstream from the 3'end of the coding region of the gene.
The nucleic acid molecule can be single-stranded or double-stranded, but preferably is double-stranded DNA. An "isolated" nucleic acid molecule is one which is separated from other nucleic acid molecules which are present in the natural source of the nucleic acid. Preferably, an "isolated" nucleic acid is free of sequences which naturally flank the nucleic acid (i.e., sequences located at the 5' and 3' ends of the nucleic acid) in the genomic DNA of the organism from which the nucleic acid is derived. For example, in various embodiments, the isolated SMP nucleic acid molecule can contain less than about 5 kb, 4kb, 3kb, 2kb, 1 kb, 0.5 kb or 0.1 kb of nucleotide sequences which naturally flank the nucleic acid molecule in genomic DNA of the cell from which the nucleic acid is derived (e.g, a C. glutamicum cell). Moreover, an "isolated"
nucleic acid molecule, such as a DNA molecule, can be substantially free of other cellular material, or culture medium when produced by recombinant techniques, or chemical precursors or other chemicals when chemically synthesized.
A nucleic acid molecule of the present invention, e.g., a nucleic acid molecule having a nucleotide sequence of an odd-numbered SEQ ID NO of the Sequence Listing, or a portion thereof, can be isolated using standard molecular biology techniques and the sequence information provided herein. For example, a C. glutamicum SMP DNA can be isolated from a C. glutamicum library using all or portion of one of the odd-numbered SEQ ID NO sequences of the Sequence Listing as a hybridization probe and standard hybridization techniques (e.g., as described in Sambrook, J., Fritsh, E. F., and Maniatis, T. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 2nd, ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1989).
Moreover, a nucleic acid molecule encompassing all or a portion of one of the nucleic acid sequences of the invention (e.g., an odd-numbered SEQ ID NO:) can be isolated by the polymerase chain reaction using oligonucleotide primers designed based upon this sequence (e.g., a nucleic acid molecule encompassing all or a portion of one of the nucleic acid sequences of the invention (e.g., an odd-numbered SEQ ID NO of the Sequence Listing) can be isolated by the polymerase chain reaction using oligonucleotide primers designed based upon this same sequence). For example, mRNA
can be isolated from normal endothelial cells (e.g., by the guanidinium-thiocyanate extraction procedure of Chirgwin et al. (1979) Biochemistry 18: 5294-5299) and DNA
can be prepared using reverse transcriptase (e.g., Moloney MLV reverse transcriptase, available from Gibco/BRL, Bethesda, MD; or AMV reverse transcriptase, available from Seikagaku America, Inc., St. Petersburg, FL). Synthetic oligonucleotide primers for polymerase chain reaction amplification can be designed based upon one of the nucleotide sequences shown in the Sequence Listing. A nucleic acid of the invention can be amplified using cDNA or, alternatively, genomic DNA, as a template and appropriate oligonucleotide primers according to standard PCR amplification techniques. The nucleic acid so amplified can be cloned into an appropriate vector and characterized by DNA sequence analysis. Furthermore, oligonucleotides corresponding to an SMP nucleotide sequence can be prepared by standard synthetic techniques, e.g., using an automated DNA synthesizer.
In a preferred embodiment, an isolated nucleic acid molecule of the invention comprises one of the nucleotide sequences shown in the Sequence Listing. The nucleic acid sequences of the invention, as set forth in the Sequence Listing , correspond to the Corynebacterium glutamicum SMP DNAs of the invention. This DNA comprises sequences encoding SMP proteins (i.e., the "coding region", indicated in each odd-numbered SEQ ID NO: sequence in the Sequence Listing), as well as 5' untranslated sequences and 3' untranslated sequences, also indicated in each odd-numbered SEQ ID
NO: in the Sequence Listing.. Altematively, the nucleic acid molecule can comprise only the coding region of any of the sequences in nucleic acid sequences of the Sequence Listing.
For the purposes of this application, it will be understood that each of the nucleic acid and amino acid sequences set forth in the Sequence Listing has an identifying RXA, RXN, or RXS number having the designation "RXA," "RXN," or "RXS" followed by 5 digits (i.e., RXA01626, RXN00043, or RXS0735). Each of the nucleic acid sequences comprises up to three parts: a 5' upstream region, a coding region, and a downstream region. Each of these three regions is identified by the same RXA, RXN, or RXS
designation to eliminate confusion. The recitation "one of the odd-numbered sequences of the Sequence Listing", then, refers to any of the nucleic acid sequences in the Sequence Listing, which may also be distinguished by their differing RXA, RXN, or RXS designations. The coding region of each of these sequences is translated into a corresponding amino acid sequence, which is also set forth in the Sequence Listing, as an even-numbered SEQ ID NO: immediately following the corresponding nucleic acid sequence. For example, the coding region for RXA02735 is set forth in SEQ ID
NO:1, while the amino acid sequence which it encodes is set forth as SEQ ID NO:2.
The sequences of the nucleic acid molecules of the invention are identified by the same RXA, RXN, or RXS designations as the amino acid molecules which they encode, such that they can be readily correlated. For example, the amino acid sequence designated RXA00042 is a translation of the coding region of the nucleotide sequence of nucleic acid molecule RXA00042, and the amino acid sequence designated RXN00043 is a translation of the coding region of the nucleotide sequence of nucleic acid molecule RXN00043. The conespondence between the RXA, RXN and RXS nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the invention and their assigned SEQ ID NOs is set forth in Table 1.
Several of the genes of the invention are "F-designated genes". An F-designated gene includes those genes set forth in Table I which have an 'F' in front of the RXAdesignation. For example, SEQ ID NO:11, designated, as indicated on Table 1, as "F RXA01312", is an F-designated gene, as are SEQ ID NOs: 29, 33, and 39 (designated on Table I as "F RXA02803", "F RXA02854", and "F RXA01365", respectively).
In one embodiment, the nucleic acid molecules of the present invention are not intended to include those compiled in Table 2. In the case of the dapD gene, a sequence for this gene was published in Wehrmann, A., et al. (1998) J. Bacteriol.
180(12): 3159-3165. However, the sequence obtained by the inventors of the present application is significantly longer than the published version. It is believed that the published version relied on an incorrect start codon, and thus represents only a fragment of the actual coding region.
In another preferred embodiment, an isolated nucleic acid molecule of the invention comprises a nucleic acid molecule which is a complement of one of the nucleotide sequences of the invention (e.g., a sequence of an odd-numbered SEQ
ID
NO: of the Sequence Listing), or a portion thereof. A nucleic acid molecule which is complementary to one of the nucleotide sequences of the invention is one which is sufficiently complementary to one of the nucleotide sequences shown in the Sequence Listing (e.g., the sequence of an odd-numbered SEQ ID NO:) such that it can hybridize to one of the nucleotide sequences of the invention, thereby forming a stable duplex.
In still another preferred embodiment, an isolated nucleic acid molecule of the invention comprises a nucleotide sequence which is at least about 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, or 60%, preferably at least about 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, or 70%, more preferably at least about 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, or 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, or 90%, or 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, and even more preferably at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more homologous to a nucleotide sequence of the invention (e.g., a sequence of an odd-numbered SEQ ID NO: of the Sequence Listing), or a portion thereof. Ranges and identity values intermediate to the above-recited ranges, (e.g., 70-90% identical or 80-95% identical) are also intended to be encompassed by the present invention. For example, ranges of identity values using a combination of any of the above values recited as upper and/or lower limits are intended, to be included. In an additional preferred embodiment, an isolated nucleic acid molecule of the invention comprises a nucleotide sequence which hybridizes, e.g., hybridizes under stringent conditions, to one of the nucleotide sequences of the invention, or a portion thereof.
Moreover, the nucleic acid molecule of the invention can comprise only a portion of the coding region of the sequence of one of the odd-numbered SEQ ID
NOs of the Sequence Listing, for example a fragment which can be used as a probe or primer or a fragment encoding a biologically active portion of an SMP protein. The nucleotide sequences detennined from the cloning of the SMP genes from C. glutamicum allows for the generation of probes and primers designed for use in identifying and/or cloning SMP homologues in other cell types and organisms, as well as SMP homologues from other Corynebacteria or related species. The probe/primer typically comprises substantially purified oligonucleotide. The oligonucleotide typically comprises a region of nucleotide sequence that hybridizes under stringent conditions to at least about 12, preferably about 25, more preferably about 40, 50 or 75 consecutive nucleotides of a sense strand of one of the nucleotide sequences of the invention (e.g., a sequence of one of the odd-numbered SEQ ID NOs of the Sequence Listing), an anti-sense sequence of one of these sequences, or naturally occurring mutants thereof. Primers based on a nucleotide sequence of the invention can be used in PCR reactions to clone SMP
homologues. Probes based on the SMP nucleotide sequences can be used to detect transcripts or genomic sequences encoding the same or homologous proteins. In preferred embodiments, the probe further comprises a label group attached thereto, e.g.
the label group can be a radioisotope, a fluorescent compound, an enzyme, or an enzyme co-factor. Such probes can be used as a part of a diagnostic test kit for identifying cells which misexpress an SMP protein, such as by measuring a level of an SMP-encoding nucleic acid in a sample of cells, e.g., detecting SMP mRNA levels or determining whether a genomic SMP gene has been mutated or deleted.
In one embodiment, the nucleic acid molecule of the invention encodes a protein or portion thereof which includes an amino acid sequence which is sufficiently homologous to an amino acid sequence of the invention (e.g., a sequence of an even-numbered SEQ ID NO of the Sequence Listing) such that the protein or portion thereof maintains the ability to perform a function involved in the metabolism of carbon compounds such as sugars or in the generation of energy molecules (e.g., ATP) by processes such as oxidative phosphorylation in Corynebacterium glutamicum. As used herein, the language "sufficiently homologous" refers to proteins or portions thereof which have amino acid sequences which include a minimum number of identical or equivalent (e.g., an amino acid residue which has a similar side chain as an amino acid residue in a sequence of one of the even-numbered SEQ ID NOs of the Sequence Listing) amino acid residues to an amino acid sequence of the invention such that the protein or portion thereof is able to perform a function involved in the metabolism of carbon compounds such as sugars or in the generation of energy molecules (e.g., ATP) by processes such as oxidative phosphorylation in Corynebacterium glutamicum.
Protein members of such sugar metabolic pathways or energy producing systems, as described herein, may play a role in the production and secretion of one or more fine chemicals. Examples of such activities are also described herein. Thus, "the function of an SMP protein" contributes either directly or indirectly to the yield, production, and/or efficiency of production of one or more fine chemicals. Examples of SMP
protein activities are set forth in Table I.
In another embodiment, the protein is at least about 50-60%, preferably at least about 60-70%, and more preferably at least about 70-80%, 80-90%, 90-95%, and most preferably at least about 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more homologous to an entire amino acid sequence of the invention(e.g., a sequence of an even-numbered SEQ ID NO:
of the Sequence Listing).
Portions of proteins encoded by the SMP nucleic acid molecules of the invention are preferably biologically active portions of one of the SMP proteins. As used herein, the term "biologically active portion of an SMP protein" is intended to include a portion, e.g., a domain/motif, of an SMP protein that participates in the metabolism of carbon compounds such as sugars, or in energy-generating pathways in C. glutamicum, or has an activity as set forth in Table 1. To determine whether an SMP protein or a biologically active portion thereof can participate in the metabolism of carbon compounds or in the production of energy-rich molecules in C. glutamicum, an assay of enzymatic activity may be performed. Such assay methods are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, as detailed in Example 8 of the Exemplification.
Additional nucleic acid fragments encoding biologically active portions of an SMP protein can be prepared by isolating a portion of one of the amino acid sequences of the invention (e.g., a sequence of an even-numbered SEQ ID NO: of the Sequence Listing), expressing the encoded portion of the SMP protein or peptide (e.g., by recombinant expression in vitro) and assessing the activity of the encoded portion of the SMP protein or peptide.
The invention further encompasses nucleic acid molecules that differ from one of the nucleotide sequences of the invention (e.g., a sequence of an odd-numbered SEQ ID
NO: of the Sequence Listing) (and portions thereof) due to degeneracy of the genetic code and thus encode the same SMP protein as that encoded by the nucleotide sequences of the invention. In another embodiment, an isolated nucleic acid molecule of the invention has a nucleotide sequence encoding a protein having an amino acid sequence shown in the Sequence Listing (e.g., an even-numbered SEQ ID NO:). In a still further embodiment, the nucleic acid molecule of the invention encodes a full length C.
glutamicum protein which is substantially homologous to an amino acid of the invention (encoded by an open reading frame shown in an odd-numbered SEQ ID NO: of the Sequence Listing).
It will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that in one embodiment the sequences of the invention are not meant to include the sequences of the prior art, such as those Genbank sequences set forth in Tables 2 or 4 which were available prior to the present invention. In one embodiment, the invention includes nucleotide and amino acid sequences having a percent identity to a nucleotide or amino acid sequence of the invention which is greater than that of a sequence of the prior art (e.g., a Genbank sequence (or the protein encoded by such a sequence) set forth in Tables 2 or 4). For example, the invention includes a nucleotide sequence which is greater than and/or at least 58% identical to the nucleotide sequence designated RXA00014 (SEQ ID
NO:41), a nucleotide sequence which is greater than and/or at least % identical to the nucleotide sequence designated RXA00195 (SEQ ID NO:399), and a nucleotide sequence which is greater than and/or at least 42% identical to the nucleotide sequence designated RXA00196 (SEQ ID NO:401). One of ordinary skill in the art would be able to calculate the lower threshold of percent identity for any given sequence of the invention by examining the GAP-calculated percent identity scores set forth in Table 4 for each of the three top hits for the given sequence, and by subtracting the highest GAP-calculated percent identity from 100 percent. One of ordinary skill in the art will also appreciate that nucleic acid and amino acid sequences having percent identities greater than the lower threshold so calculated (e.g., at least 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, or 60%, preferably at least about 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, or 70%, more preferably at least about 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, or 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, or 90%, or 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, and even more preferably at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more identical) are also encompassed by the invention.
In addition to the C. glutamicum SMP nucleotide sequences set forth in the Sequence Listing as odd-numbered SEQ ID NOs, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that DNA sequence polymorphisms that lead to changes in the amino acid sequences of SMP proteins may exist within a population (e.g., the C.
glutamicum population). Such genetic polymorphism in the SMP gene may exist among individuals within a population due to natural variation. As used herein, the terms "gene" and "recombinant gene" refer to nucleic acid molecules comprising an open reading frame encoding an SMP protein, preferably a C. glutamicum SMP protein.
Such natural variations can typically result in 1-5% variance in the nucleotide sequence of the SMP gene. Any and all such nucleotide variations and resulting amino acid polymorphisms in SMP that are the result of natural variation and that do not alter the functional activity of SMP proteins are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Nucleic acid molecules corresponding to natural variants and non-C. glutamicum homologues of the C. glutamicum SMP DNA of the invention can be isolated based on their homology to the C. glutamicum SMP nucleic acid disclosed herein using the C.
glutamicum DNA, or a portion thereof, as a hybridization probe according to standard hybridization techniques under stringent hybridization conditions.
Accordingly, in another embodiment, an isolated nucleic acid molecule of the invention is at least 15 nucleotides in length and hybridizes under stringent conditions to the nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence of of an odd-numbered SEQ ID NO: of the Sequence Listing. In other embodiments, the nucleic acid is at least 30, 50, 100, 250 or more nucleotides in length. As used herein, the term "hybridizes under stringent conditions" is intended to describe conditions for hybridization and washing under which nucleotide sequences at least 60% homologous to each other typically remain hybridized to each other. Preferably, the conditions are such that sequences at least about 65%, more preferably at least about 70%, and even more preferably at least about 75% or more homologous to each other typically remain hybridized to each other. Such stringent conditions are known to those of ordinary skill in the art and can be found in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y. (1989), 6.3.1-6.3.6.
A preferred, non-limiting example of stringent hybridization conditions are hybridization in 6X sodium chloride/sodium citrate (SSC) at about 45 C, followed by one or more washes in 0.2 X SSC, 0.1% SDS at 50-65 C. Preferably, an isolated nucleic acid molecule of the invention that hybridizes under stringent conditions to a nucleotide sequence of the invention corresponds to a naturally-occurring nucleic acid molecule. As used herein, a "naturally-occurring" nucleic acid molecule refers to an RNA or DNA molecule having a nucleotide sequence that occurs in nature (e.g., encodes a natural protein). In one embodiment, the nucleic acid encodes a natural C.
glutamicum SMP protein.
In addition to naturally-occurring variants of the SMP sequence that may exist in the population, one of ordinary skill in the art will further appreciate that changes can be introduced by mutation into a nucleotide sequence of the invention, thereby leading to changes in the amino acid sequence of the encoded SMP protein, without altering the functional ability of the SMP protein. For example, nucleotide substitutions leading to amino acid substitutions at "non-essential" amino acid residues can be made in a nucleotide sequence of the invention. A "non-essential" amino acid residue is a residue that can be altered from the wild-type sequence of one of the SMP proteins (e.g., an even-numbered SEQ ID NO: of the Sequence Listing) without altering the activity of said SMP protein, whereas an "essential" amino acid residue is required for SMP protein activity. Other amino acid residues, however, (e.g., those that are not conserved or only semi-conserved in the domain having SMP activity) may not be essential for activity and thus are likely to be amenable to alteration without altering SMP activity.
Accordingly, another aspect of the invention pertains to nucleic acid molecules encoding SMP proteins that contain changes in amino acid residues that are not essential for SMP activity. Such SMP proteins differ in amino acid sequence from a sequence of an even-numbered SEQ ID NO: of the Sequence Listing yet retain at least one of the SMP activities described herein. In one embodiment, the isolated nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding a protein, wherein the protein comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 50% homologous to an amino acid sequence of the invention and is capable of participate in the metabolism of carbon compounds such as sugars, or in the biosynthesis of high-energy compounds in C. glutamicum, or has one or more activities set forth in Table 1. Preferably, the protein encoded by the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 50-60% homologous to the amino acid sequence of one of the odd-numbered SEQ ID NOs of the Sequence Listing, more preferably at least about 60-70% homologous to one of these sequences, even more preferably at least about 80%, 80-90%, 90-95% homologous to one of these sequences, and most preferably at least about 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% homologous to one of the amino acid sequences of the invention.
To deten:nine the percent homology of two amino acid sequences (e.g., one of the amino acid sequences of the invention and a mutant form thereof) or of two nucleic acids, the sequences are aligned for optimal comparison purposes (e.g., gaps can be introduced in the sequence of one protein or nucleic acid for optimal alignment with the other protein or nucleic acid). The amino acid residues or nucleotides at corresponding amino acid positions or nucleotide positions are then compared. When a position in one sequence (e.g., one of the amino acid sequences the invention) is occupied by the same amino acid residue or nucleotide as the corresponding position in the other sequence (e.g., a mutant form of the amino acid sequence), then the molecules are homologous at that position (i.e., as used herein amino acid or nucleic acid "homology" is equivalent to amino acid or nucleic acid "identity"). The percent homology between the two sequences is a function of the number of identical positions shared by the sequences (i.e., % homology = # of identical positions/total # of positions x 100).

An isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding an SMP protein homologous to a protein sequence of the invention (e.g., a sequence of an even-numbered SEQ ID
NO: of the Sequence Listing) can be created by introducing one or more nucleotide substitutions, additions or deletions into a nucleotide sequence of the invention such that one or more amino acid substitutions, additions or deletions are introduced into the encoded protein. Mutations can be introduced into one of the nucleotide sequences of the invention by standard techniques, such as site-directed mutagenesis and PCR-mediated mutagenesis. Preferably, conservative amino acid substitutions are made at one or more predicted non-essential amino acid residues. A "conservative amino acid substitution" is one in which the amino acid residue is replaced with an amino acid residue having a similar side chain. Families of amino acid residues having similar side chains have been defined in the art. These families include amino acids with basic side chains (e.g., lysine, arginine, histidine), acidic side chains (e.g., aspartic acid, glutamic acid), uncharged polar side chains (e.g., glycine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, cysteine), nonpolar side chains (e.g., alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan), beta-branched side chains (e.g., threonine, valine, isoleucine) and aromatic side chains (e.g., tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine). Thus, a predicted nonessential amino acid residue in an SMP protein is preferably replaced with another amino acid residue from the same side chain family. Alternatively, in another embodiment, mutations can be introduced randomly along all or part of an SMP coding sequence, such as by saturation mutagenesis, and the resultant mutants can be screened for an SMP activity described herein to identify mutants that retain SMP activity. Following mutagenesis of the nucleotide sequence of one of the odd-numbered SEQ ID NOs of the Sequence Listing, the encoded protein can be expressed recombinantly and the activity of the protein can be determined using, for example, assays described herein (see Example 8 of the Exemplification).
In addition to the nucleic acid molecules encoding SMP proteins described above, another aspect of the invention pertains to isolated nucleic acid molecules which are antisense thereto. An "antisense" nucleic acid comprises a nucleotide sequence which is complementary to a "sense" nucleic acid encoding a protein, e.g., complementary to the coding strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule or complementary to an mRNA sequence. Accordingly, an antisense nucleic acid can hydrogen bond to a sense nucleic acid. The antisense nucleic acid can be complementary to an entire SMP coding strand, or to only a portion thereof. In one embodiment, an antisense nucleic acid molecule is antisense to a "coding region" of the coding strand of a nucleotide sequence encoding an SMP protein. The term "coding region" refers to the region of the nucleotide sequence comprising codons which are translated into amino acid residues (e.g., the entire coding region of NO.
3(RXA01626) comprises nucleotides I to 345). In another embodiment, the antisense nucleic acid molecule is antisense to a "noncoding region" of the coding strand of a nucleotide sequence encoding SMP. The term "noncoding region" refers to 5' and 3' sequences which flank the coding region that are not translated into amino acids (i.e., also referred to as 5' and 3' untranslated regions).
Given the coding strand sequences encoding SMP disclosed herein (e.g., the sequences set forth as odd-numbered SEQ ID NOs in the Sequence Listing), antisense nucleic acids of the invention can be designed according to the rules of Watson and Crick base pairing. The antisense nucleic acid molecule can be complementary to the entire coding region of SMP mRNA, but more preferably is an oligonucleotide which is antisense to only a portion of the coding or noncoding region of SMP mRNA. For example, the antisense oligonucleotide can be complementary to the region surrounding the translation start site of SMP mRNA. An antisense oligonucleotide can be, for example, about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 or 50 nucleotides in length.
An antisense nucleic acid of the invention can be constructed using chemical synthesis and enzymatic ligation reactions using procedures known in the art. For example, an antisense nucleic acid (e.g., an antisense oligonucleotide) can be chemically synthesized using naturally occurring nucleotides or variously modified nucleotides designed to increase the biological stability of the molecules or to increase the physical stability of the duplex formed between the antisense and sense nucleic acids, e.g., phosphorothioate derivatives and acridine substituted nucleotides can be used. Examples of modified nucleotides which can be used to generate the antisense nucleic acid include 5-fluorouracil, 5-bromouracil, 5-chlorouracil, 5-iodouracil, hypoxanthine, xanthine, 4-acetylcytosine, 5-(carboxyhydroxylmethyl) uracil, 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine, 5-carboxymethylaminomethyluracil, dihydrouracil, beta-D-galactosylqueosine, inosine, N6-isopentenyladenine, 1-methylguanine, 1-methylinosine, 2,2-dimethylguanine, 2-methyladenine, 2-methylguanine, 3-methylcytosine, 5-methylcytosine, N6-adenine, 7-methylguanine, 5-methylaminomethyluracil, 5-methoxyaminomethyl-2-thiouracil, beta-D-mannosylqueosine, 5'-methoxycarboxymethyluracil, 5-methoxyuracil, 2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyladenine, uracil-5-oxyacetic acid (v), wybutoxosine, pseudouracil, queosine, 2-thiocytosine, 5-methyl-2-thiouracil, 2-thiouracil, 4-thiouracil, 5-methyluracil, uracil-5-oxyacetic acid methylester, uracil-5-oxyacetic acid (v), 5-methyl-2-thiouracil, 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl) uracil, (acp3)w, and 2,6-diaminopurine. Alternatively, the antisense nucleic acid can be produced biologically using an expression vector into which a nucleic acid has been subcloned in an antisense orientation (i.e., RNA
transcribed from the inserted nucleic acid will be of an antisense orientation to a target nucleic acid of interest, described further in the following subsection).
The antisense nucleic acid molecules of the invention are typically administered to a cell or generated in situ such that they hybridize with or bind to cellular mRNA
and/or genomic DNA encoding an SMP protein to thereby inhibit expression of the protein, e.g., by inhibiting transcription and/or translation. The hybridization can be by conventional nucleotide complementarity to form a stable duplex, or, for example, in the case of an antisense nucleic acid molecule which binds to DNA duplexes, through specific interactions in the major groove of the double helix. The antisense molecule can be modified such that it specifically binds to a receptor or an antigen expressed on a selected cell surface, e.g., by linking the antisense nucleic acid molecule to a peptide or an antibody which binds to a cell surface receptor or antigen. The antisense nucleic acid molecule can also be delivered to cells using the vectors described herein. To achieve sufficient intracellular concentrations of the antisense molecules, vector constructs in which the antisense nucleic acid molecule is placed under the control of a strong prokaryotic, viral, or eukaryotic promoter are preferred.
In yet another embodiment, the antisense nucleic acid molecule of the invention is an a-anomeric nucleic acid molecule. An a-anomeric nucleic acid molecule forms specific double-stranded hybrids with complementary RNA in which, contrary to the usual 0-units, the strands run parallel to each other (Gaultier et al. (1987) Nucleic Acids.
Res. 15:6625-6641). The antisense nucleic acid molecule can also comprise a 2'-o-methylribonucleotide (Inoue et al. (1987) Nucleic Acids Res. 15:6131-6148) or a chimeric RNA-DNA analogue (Inoue et a!. (1987) FEBSLett. 215:327-330).
In still another embodiment, an antisense nucleic acid of the invention is a ribozyme. Ribozymes are catalytic RNA molecules with ribonuclease activity which are capable of cleaving a single-stranded nucleic acid, such as an mRNA, to which they have a complementary region. Thus, ribozymes (e.g., hammerhead ribozymes (described in Haselhoff and Gerlach (1988) Nature 334:585-591)) can be used to catalytically cleave SMP mRNA transcripts to thereby inhibit translation of SMP
mRNA. A ribozyme having specificity for an SMP-encoding nucleic acid can be designed based upon the nucleotide sequence of an SMP cDNA disclosed herein (i.e., SEQ ID NO. 3(RXA01626)). For example, a derivative of a Teirahymena L-19 IVS
RNA can be constructed in which the nucleotide sequence of the active site is complementary to the nucleotide sequence to be cleaved in an SMP-encoding mRNA.
See, e.g., Cech et al. U.S. Patent No. 4,987,071 and Cech et al. U.S. Patent No.
5,116,742. Alternatively, SMP mRNA can be used to select a catalytic RNA
having a specific ribonuclease activity from a pool of RNA molecules. See, e.g., Bartel, D. and Szostak, J.W. (1993) Science 261:1411-1418.
Altematively, SMP gene expression can be inhibited by targeting nucleotide sequences complementary to the regulatory region of an SMP nucleotide sequence (e.g., an SMP promoter and/or enhancers) to form triple helical structures that prevent transcription of an SMP gene in target cells. See generally, Helene, C. (1991) Anticancer Drug Des. 6(6):569-84; Helene, C. el al. (1992) Ann. I.V. Y. Acad.
Sci. 660:27-36; and Maher, L.J. (1992) Bioassays 14(12):807-15.

B. Recombinant Expression Yectors and Host Cells Another aspect of the invention pertains to vectors, preferably expression vectors, containing a nucleic acid encoding an SMP protein (or a portion thereof). As used herein, the term "vector" refers to a nucleic acid molecule capable of transporting another nucleic acid to which it has been linked. One type of vector is a "plasmid", which refers to a circular double stranded DNA loop into which additional DNA
segments can be ligated. Another type of vector is a viral vector, wherein additional DNA segments can be ligated into the viral genome. Certain vectors are capable of autonomous replication in a host cell into which they are introduced (e.g., bacterial vectors having a bacterial origin of replication and episomal mammalian vectors). Other vectors (e.g., non-episomal mammalian vectors) are integrated into the genome of a host cell upon introduction into the host cell, and thereby are replicated along with the host genome. Moreover, certain vectors are capable of directing the expression of genes to which they are operatively linked. Such vectors are referred to herein as "expression vectors". In general, expression vectors of utility in recombinant DNA
techniques are often in the form of plasmids. In the present specification, "plasmid" and "vector" can be used interchangeably as the plasmid is the most commonly used form of vector.
However, the invention is intended to include such other forms of expression vectors, such as viral vectors (e.g., replication defective retroviruses, adenoviruses and adeno-associated viruses), which serve equivalent functions.
The recombinant expression vectors of the invention comprise a nucleic acid of the invention in a form suitable for expression of the nucleic acid in a host cell, which means that the recombinant expression vectors include one or more regulatory sequences, selected on the basis of the host cells to be used for expression, which is operatively linked to the nucleic acid sequence to be expressed. Within a recombinant expression vector, "operably linked" is intended to mean that the nucleotide sequence of interest is linked to the regulatory sequence(s) in a manner which allows for expression of the nucleotide sequence (e.g., in an in vitro transcription/translation system or in a host cell when the vector is introduced into the host cell). The term "regulatory sequence" is intended to include promoters, enhancers and other expression control elements (e.g., polyadenylation signals). Such regulatory sequences are described, for example, in Goeddel; Gene Expression Technology: Methods in Enzymology 185, Academic Press, San Diego, CA (1990). Regulatory sequences include those which direct constitutive expression of a nucleotide sequence in many types of host cell and those which direct expression of the nucleotide sequence only in certain host cells.
Preferred regulatory sequences are, for example, promoters such as cos-, tac-, trp-, tet-, trp-tet-, lpp-, lac-, lpp-lac-, lacIq-, T7-, T5-, T3-, gal-, trc-, ara-, SP6-, amy, SP02, X-PR-or ), PL, which are used preferably in bacteria. Additional regulatory sequences are, for example, promoters from yeasts and fungi, such as ADC 1, MFa, AC, P-60, CYC1, GAPDH, TEF, rp28, ADH, promoters from plants such as CaMV/35S, SSU, OCS, lib4, usp, STLS 1, B33, nos or ubiquitin- or phaseolin-promoters. It is also possible to use artificial promoters. It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the design of the expression vector can depend on such factors as the choice of the host cell to be transformed, the level of expression of protein desired, etc. The expression vectors of the invention can be introduced into host cells to thereby produce proteins or peptides, including fusion proteins or peptides, encoded by nucleic acids as described herein (e.g., SMP proteins, mutant forms of SMP proteins, fusion proteins, etc.).
The recombinant expression vectors of the invention can be designed for expression of SMP proteins in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. For example, SMP genes can be expressed in bacterial cells such as C. glutamicum, insect cells (using baculovirus expression vectors), yeast and other fungal cells (see Romanos, M.A. et al.
(1992) "Foreign gene expression in yeast: a review", Yeast 8: 423-488; van den Hondel, C.A.M.J.J. el aL (1991) "Heterologous gene expression in filamentous fungi"
in: More Gene Manipulations in Fungi, J.W. Bennet & L.L. Lasure, eds., p. 396-428:
Academic Press: San Diego; and van den Hondel, C.A.M.J.J. & Punt, P.J. (1991) "Gene transfer systems and vector development for filamentous fungi, in: Applied Molecular Genetics of Fungi, Peberdy, J.F. et al., eds., p. 1-28, Cambridge University Press:
Cambridge), algae and multicellular plant cells (see Schmidt, R. and Willmitzer, L. (1988) High efficiency Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana leaf and cotyledon explants" Plant Cell Rep: 583-586), or mammalian cells.
Suitable host cells are discussed further in Goeddel, Gene Expression Technology:
Methods in Enzymology 185, Academic Press, San Diego, CA (1990).
Alternatively, the recombinant expression vector can be transcribed and translated in vitro, for example using T7 promoter regulatory sequences and T7 polymerase.
Expression of proteins in prokaryotes is most often carried out with vectors containing constitutive or inducible promoters directing the expression of either fusion or non-fusion proteins. Fusion vectors add a number of amino acids to a protein encoded therein, usually to the amino tenninus of the recombinant protein but also to the C-terminus or fused within suitable regions in the proteins. Such fusion vectors typically serve three purposes: 1) to increase expression of recombinant protein; 2) to increase the solubility of the recombinant protein; and 3) to aid in the purification of the recombinant protein by acting as a ligand in affinity purification. Often, in fusion expression vectors, a proteolytic cleavage site is introduced at the junction of the fusion moiety and the recombinant protein to enable separation of the recombinant protein from the fusion moiety subsequent to purification of the fusion protein. Such enzymes, and their cognate recognition sequences, include Factor Xa, thrombin and enterokinase.
Typical fusion expression vectors include pOEX (Pharmacia Biotech Inc; Smith, D.B. and Johnson, K.S. (1988) Gene 67:31-40), pMAL (New England Biolabs, Beverly, MA) and pRIT5 (Pharmacia, Piscataway, NJ) which fuse glutathione S-transferase (GST), maltose E binding protein, or protein A, respectively, to the target recombinant protein. In one embodiment, the coding sequence of the SMP protein is cloned into a pGEX expression vector to create a vector encoding a fusion protein comprising, from the N-terminus to the C-terminus, GST-thrombin cleavage site-X protein. The fusion protein can be purified by affinity chromatography using glutathione-agarose resin.
Recombinant SMP protein unfused to GST can be recovered by cleavage of the fusion protein with thrombin.
Examples of suitable inducible non-fusion E. coli expression vectors include pTrc (Amann et al., (1988) Gene 69:301-315), pLG338, pACYCI 84, pBR322, pUC18, pUC19, pKC30, pRep4, pHS1, pHS2, pPLc236, pMBL24, pLG200, pUR290, pIN-I1I113-B1, kgt11, pBdCl, and pET l ld (Studier et al., Gene Expression Technology:
Methods in Enzymology 185, Academic Press, San Diego, California (1990) 60-89;
and Pouwels et al., eds. (1985) Cloning Vectors. Elsevier: New York IBSN 0 444 904018).
Target gene expression from the pTrc vector relies on host RNA polymerase transcription from a hybrid trp-lac fusion promoter. Target gene expression from the pET 11 d vector relies on transcription from a T7 gn I 0-lac fusion promoter mediated by a coexpressed viral RNA polymerase (T7 gnl). This viral polymerase is supplied by host strains BL21(DE3) or HMS 174(DE3) from a resident X prophage harboring a gnl gene under the transcriptional control of the lacUV 5 promoter. For transformation of other varieties of bacteria, appropriate vectors may be selected. For example, the plasmids pIJ101, pIJ364, pIJ702 and pIJ361 are known to be useful in transforming Streptomyces, while plasmids pUB 110, pC 194, or pBD214 are suited for transformation of Bacillus species. Several plasmids of use in the transfer of genetic information into Corynebacterium include pHM1519, pBLI, pSA77, or pAJ667 (Pouwels et al., eds.
(1985) Cloning Vectors. Elsevier: New York IBSN 0 444 904018).

One strategy to maximize recombinant protein expression is to express the protein in a host bacteria with an impaired capacity to proteolytically cleave the recombinant protein (Gottesman, S., Gene Expression Technology: Methods in Enzymology 185, Academic Press, San Diego, Califomia (1990) 119-128). Another strategy is to alter the nucleic acid sequence of the nucleic acid to be inserted into an expression vector so that the individual codons for each amino acid are those preferentially utilized in the bacterium chosen for expression, such as C.
glutamicum (Wada et a!. (1992) Nucleic Acids Res. 20:2111-2118). Such alteration of nucleic acid sequences of the invention can be carried out by standard DNA synthesis techniques.
In another embodiment, the SMP protein expression vector is a yeast expression vector. Examples of vectors for expression in yeast S. cerevisiae include pYepSecl (Baldari, et al., (1987) Embo J. 6:229-234), 2 , pAG-1, Yep6, Yep13, pEMBLYe23, pMFa (Kurjan and Herskowitz, (1982) Cell 30:933-943), pJRY88 (Schultz et al., (1987) Gene 54:113-123), and pYES2 (Invitrogen Corporation, San Diego, CA). Vectors and methods for the construction of vectors appropriate for use in other fungi, such as the filamentous fungi, include those detailed in: van den Hondel, C.A.M.J.J. &
Punt, P.J.
(1991) "Gene transfer systems and vector development for filamentous fungi, in:
Applied Molecular Genetics of Fungi, J.F. Peberdy, et al., eds., p. 1-28, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, and Pouwels et al., eds. (1985) Cloning Vectors.
Elsevier:
New York (IBSN 0 444 904018).
Alternatively, the SMP proteins of the invention can be expressed in insect cells using baculovirus expression vectors. Baculovirus vectors available for expression of proteins in cultured insect cells (e.g., Sf 9 cells) include the pAc series (Smith et al.
(1983) Mol. Cell Biol. 3:2156-2165) and the pVL series (Lucklow and Summers (1989) Virology 170:31-39).
In another embodiment, the SMP proteins of the invention may be expressed in unicellular plant cells (such as algae) or in plant cells from higher plants (e.g., the spermatophytes, such as crop plants). Examples of plant expression vectors include those detailed in: Becker, D., Kemper, E., Schell, J. and Masterson, R. (1992) "New plant binary vectors with selectable markers located proximal to the left border", Plant Mol. Biol. 20: 1195-1197; and Bevan, M.W. (1984) "Binary Agrobacteriuwn vectors for plant transformation", Nucl. Acid. Res. 12: 8711-8721, and include pLGV23, pGHlac+, pBIN19, pAK2004, and pDH51 (Pouwels et al., eds. (1985) Cloning Vectors.
Elsevier:
New York IBSN 0 444 904018). .
In yet another embodiment, a nucleic acid of the invention is expressed in mammalian cells using a mammalian expression vector. Examples of mammalian expression vectors include pCDM8 (Seed, B. (1987) Nature 329:840) and pMT2PC
(Kaufman et al. (1987) EMBO J. 6:187-195). When used in mammalian cells, the expression vector's control functions are often provided by viral regulatory elements.
For example, commonly used promoters are derived from polyoma, Adenovirus 2, cytomegalovirus and Simian Virus 40. For other suitable expression systems for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells see chapters 16 and 17 of Sambrook, J., Fritsh, E. F., and Maniatis, T. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 2nd, ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1989.
In another embodiment, the recombinant mammalian expression vector is capable of directing expression of the nucleic acid preferentially in a particular cell type (e.g., tissue-specific regulatory elements are used to express the nucleic acid). Tissue-specific regulatory elements are known in the art. Non-limiting examples of suitable tissue-specific promoters include the albumin promoter (liver-specific;
Pinkert et al.
(1987) Genes Dev. 1:268-277), lymphoid-specific promoters (Calame and Eaton (1988) Adv. Immunol. 43:235-275), in particular promoters of T cell receptors (Winoto and Baltimore (1989) EMBOJ. 8:729-733) and immunoglobulins (Banerji et al. (1983) Cell 33:729-740; Queen and Baltimore (1983) Cell 33:741-748), neuron-specific promoters (e.g., the neurofilament promoter; Byrne and Ruddle (1989) PNAS 86:5473-5477), pancreas-specific promoters (Edlund et al. (1985) Science 230:912-916), and mammary gland-specific promoters (e.g., milk whey promoter; U.S. Patent No. 4,873,316 and European Application Publication No. 264,166). Developmentally-regulated promoters are also encompassed, for example the murine hox promoters (Kessel and Gruss (1990) Science 249:374-379) and the a-fetoprotein promoter (Campes and Tilghman (1989) Genes Dev. 3:537-546).
The invention further provides a recombinant expression vector comprising a DNA molecule of the invention cloned into the expression vector in an antisense orientation. That is, the DNA molecule is operatively linked to a regulatory sequence in a manner which allows for expression (by transcription of the DNA molecule) of an RNA molecule which is antisense to SMP mRNA. Regulatory sequences operatively linked to a nucleic acid cloned in the antisense orientation can be chosen which direct the continuous expression of the antisense RNA molecule in a variety of cell types, for instance viral promoters and/or enhancers, or regulatory sequences can be chosen which direct constitutive, tissue specific or cell type specific expression of antisense RNA.
The antisense expression vector can be in the form of a recombinant plasmid, phagemid or attenuated virus in which antisense nucleic acids are produced under the control of a high efficiency regulatory region, the activity of which can be determined by the cell type into which the vector is introduced. For a discussion of the regulation of gene expression using antisense genes see Weintraub, H. et al., Antisense RNA as a molecular tool for genetic analysis, Reviews - Trends in Genetics, Vol. 1(1) 1986.
Another aspect of the invention pertains to host cells into which a recombinant expression vector of the invention has been introduced. The terms "host cell"
and "recombinant host cell" are used interchangeably herein. It is understood that such terms refer not only to the particular subject cell but to the progeny or potential progeny of such a cell. Because certain modifications may occur in succeeding generations due to either mutation or environmental influences, such progeny may not, in fact, be identical to the parent cell, but are still included within the scope of the term as used herein.
A host cell can be any prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell. For example, an SMP
protein can be expressed in bacterial cells such as C. glutamicum, insect cells, yeast or mammalian cells (such as Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) or COS cells).
Other suitable host cells are known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
Microorganisms related to Corynebacterium glulamicum which may be conveniently used as host cells for the nucleic acid and protein molecules of the invention are set forth in Table 3.
Vector DNA can be introduced into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells via conventional transformation or transfection techniques. As used herein, the terms "transformation" and "transfection", "conjugation" and "transduction" are intended to refer to a variety of art-recognized techniques for introducing foreign nucleic acid (e.g., linear DNA or RNA (e.g., a linearized vector or a gene construct alone without a vector) or nucleic acid in the form of a vector (e.g., a plasmid, phage, phasmid, phagemid, transposon or other DNA) into a host cell, including calcium phosphate or calcium chloride co-precipitation, DEAE-dextran-mediated transfection, lipofection, natural competence, chemical-mediated transfer, or electroporation. Suitable methods for transforming or transfecting host cells can be found in Sambrook, et al.
(Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 2nd, ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1989), and other laboratory manuals.
For stable transfection of mammalian cells, it is known that, depending upon the expression vector and transfection technique used, only a small fraction of cells may integrate the foreign DNA into their genome. In order to identify and select these integrants, a gene that encodes a selectable marker (e.g., resistance to antibiotics) is generally introduced into the host cells along with the gene of interest.
Preferred selectable markers include those which confer resistance to drugs, such as G418, hygromycin and methotrexate. Nucleic acid encoding a selectable marker can be introduced into a host cell on the same vector as that encoding an SMP protein or can be introduced on a separate vector. Cells stably transfected with the introduced nucleic acid can be identified by, for example, drug selection (e.g., cells that have incorporated the selectable marker gene will survive, while the other cells die).
To create a homologous recombinant microorganism, a vector is prepared which contains at least a portion of an SMP gene into which a deletion, addition or substitution has been introduced to thereby alter, e.g., functionally disrupt, the SMP
gene.
Preferably, this SMP gene is a Corynebacterium glutamicum SMP gene, but it can be a homologue from a related bacterium or even from a mammalian, yeast, or insect source.
In a preferred embodiment, the vector is designed such that, upon homologous recombination, the endogenous SMP gene is functionally disrupted (i.e., no longer encodes a functional protein; also referred to as a "knock out" vector).
Altematively, the vector can be designed such that, upon homologous recombination, the endogenous SMP gene is mutated or otherwise altered but still encodes functional protein (e.g., the upstream regulatory region can be altered to thereby alter the expression of the endogenous SMP protein). In the homologous recombination vector, the altered portion of the SMP gene is flanked at its 5' and 3' ends by additional nucleic acid of the SMP
gene to allow for homologous recombination to occur between the exogenous SMP
gene carried by the vector and an endogenous SMP gene in a microorganism. The additional flanking SMP nucleic acid is of sufficient length for successful homologous recombination with the endogenous gene. Typically, several kilobases of flanking DNA
(both at the 5' and 3' ends) are included in the vector (see e.g., Thomas, K.R., and Capecchi, M.R. (1987) Cell 51: 503 for a description of homologous recombination vectors). The vector is introduced into a microorganism (e.g., by electroporation) and cells in which the introduced SMP gene has homologously recombined with the endogenous SMP gene are selected, using art-known techniques.
In another embodiment, recombinant microorganisms can be produced which contain selected systems which allow for regulated expression of the introduced gene.
For example, inclusion of an SMP gene on a vector placing it under control of the lac operon permits expression of the SMP gene only in the presence of IPTG. Such regulatory systems are well known in the art.
In another embodiment, an endogenous SMP gene in a host cell is disrupted (e.g., by homologous recombination or other genetic means known in the art) such that expression of its protein product does not occur. In another embodiment, an endogenous or introduced SMP gene in a host cell has been altered by one or more point mutations, deletions, or inversions, but still encodes a functional SMP protein. In still another embodiment, one or more of the regulatory regions (e.g., a promoter, repressor, or inducer) of an SMP gene in a microorganism has been altered (e.g., by deletion, truncation, inversion, or point mutation) such that the expression of the SMP
gene is modulated. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that host cells containing more than one of the described SMP gene and protein modifications may be readily produced using the methods of the invention, and are meant to be included in the present invention.
A host cell of the invention, such as a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cell in culture, can be used to produce (i.e., express) an SMP protein. Accordingly, the invention further provides methods for producing SMP proteins using the host cells of the invention. In one embodiment, the method comprises culturing the host cell of invention (into which a recombinant expression vector encoding an SMP protein has been introduced, or into which genome has been introduced a gene encoding a wild-type or altered SMP protein) in a suitable medium until SMP protein is produced. In another embodiment, the method further comprises isolating SMP proteins from the medium or the host cell.

C. Isolated SMP Proteins Another aspect of the invention pertains to isolated SMP proteins, and biologically active portions thereof. An "isolated" or "purified" protein or biologically active portion thereof is substantially free of cellular material when produced by recombinant DNA techniques, or chemical precursors or other chemicals when chemically synthesized. The language "substantially free of cellular material"
includes preparations of SMP protein in which the protein is separated from cellular components of the cells in which it is naturally or recombinantly produced. In one embodiment, the language "substantially free of cellular material" includes preparations of SMP protein having less than about 30% (by dry weight) of non-SMP protein (also referred to herein as a "contaminating protein"), more preferably less than about 20% of non-SMP
protein, still more preferably less than about 10% of non-SMP protein, and most preferably less than about 5% non-SMP protein. When the SMP protein or biologically active portion thereof is recombinantly produced, it is also preferably substantially free of culture medium, i.e., culture medium represents less than about 20%, more preferably less than about 10%, and most preferably less than about 5% of the volume of the protein preparation. The language "substantially free of chemical precursors or other chemicals" includes preparations of SMP protein in which the protein is separated from chemical precursors or other chemicals which are involved in the synthesis of the protein. In one embodiment, the language "substantially free of chemical precursors or other chemicals" includes preparations of SMP protein having less than about 30% (by dry weight) of chemical precursors or non-SMP chemicals, more preferably less than about 20% chemical precursors or non-SMP chemicals, still more preferably less than about 10% chemical precursors or non-SMP chemicals, and most preferably less than about 5% chemical precursors or non-SMP chemicals. In preferred embodiments, isolated proteins or biologically active portions thereof lack contaminating proteins from the same organism from which the SMP protein is derived. Typically, such proteins are produced by recombinant expression of, for example, a C. glutamicum SMP
protein in a microorganism such as C. glutamicum.

An isolated SMP protein or a portion thereof of the invention can participate in the metabolism of carbon compounds such as sugars, or in the production of energy compounds (e.g., by oxidative phosphorylation) utilized to drive unfavorable metabolic pathways, or has one or more of the activities set forth in Table 1. In preferred embodiments, the protein or portion thereof comprises an amino acid sequence which is sufficiently homologous to an amino acid sequence of the invention (e.g., a sequence of an even-numbered SEQ ID NO: of the Sequence Listing) such that the protein or portion thereof maintains the ability to perform a function involved in the metabolism of carbon compounds such as sugars or in the generation of energy molecules by processes such as oxidative phosphorylation in Corynebacterium glutamicum. The portion of the protein is preferably a biologically active portion as described herein. In another preferred embodiment, an SMP protein of the invention has an amino acid sequence set forth as an even-numbered SEQ ID NO: of the Sequence Listing. In yet another preferred embodiment, the SMP protein has an amino acid sequence which is encoded by a nucleotide sequence which hybridizes, e.g., hybridizes under stringent conditions, to a nucleotide sequence of the invention (e.g., a sequence of an odd-numbered SEQ
ID NO:
of the Sequence Listing). In still another preferred embodiment, the SMP
protein has an amino acid sequence which is encoded by a nucleotide sequence that is at least about 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, or 60%, preferably at least about 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, or 70%, more preferably at least about 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, or 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, or 90%, or 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, and even more preferably at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more homologous to one of the nucleic acid sequences of the invention, or a portion thereof. Ranges and identity values intermediate to the above-recited values, (e.g., 70-90% identical or 80-95%
identical) are also intended to be encompassed by the present invention. For example, ranges of identity values using a combination of any of the above values recited as upper and/or lower limits are intended to be included. The preferred SMP proteins of the present invention also preferably possess at least one of the SMP activities described herein. For example, a preferred SMP protein of the present invention includes an amino acid sequence encoded by a nucleotide sequence which hybridizes, e.g., hybridizes under stringent conditions, to a nucleotide sequence of the invention, and which can perform a function involved in the metabolism of carbon compounds such as sugars or in the generation of energy molecules (e.g., ATP) by processes such as oxidative phosphorylation in Corynebacterium glutamicum, or which has one or more of the activities set forth in Table 1.
In other embodiments, the SMP protein is substantially homologous to an amino acid sequence of of the invention (e.g., a sequence of an even-numbered SEQ ID
NO: of the Sequence Listing)and retains the functional activity of the protein of one of the amino acid sequences of the invention yet differs in amino acid sequence due to natural variation or mutagenesis, as described in detail in subsection I above.
Accordingly, in another embodiment, the SMP protein is a protein which comprises an amino acid sequence which is at least about 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, or 60%, preferably at least about 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69'/o, or 70o/a, more preferably at least about 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, or 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, or 90%, or 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, and even more preferably at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more homologous to an entire amino acid sequence of the invention and which has at least one of the SMP activities described herein. Ranges and identity values intermediate to the above-recited values, (e.g., 70-90% identical or 80-95%
identical) are also intended to be encompassed by the present invention. For example, ranges of identity values using a combination of any of the above values recited as upper and/or lower limits are intended to be included. In another embodiment, the invention pertains to a full length C. glutamicum protein which is substantially homologous to an entire amino acid sequenoe of the invention.
Biologically active portions of an SMP protein include peptides comprising amino acid sequences derived from the amino acid sequence of an SMP protein, e.g., an amino acid sequence of an even-numbered SEQ ID NO: of the Sequence Listing or the amino acid sequence of a protein homologous to an SMP protein, which include fewer amino acids than a full length SMP protein or the full length protein which is homologous to an SMP protein, and exhibit at least one activity of an SMP
protein.
Typically, biologically active portions (peptides, e.g., peptides which are, for example, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39,40, 50, 100 or more amino acids in length) comprise a domain or motif with at least one activity of an SMP protein. Moreover, other biologically active portions, in which other regions of the protein are deleted, can be prepared by recombinant techniques and evaluated for one or more of the activities described herein. Preferably, the biologically active portions of an SMP
protein include one or more selected domains/motifs or portions thereof having biological activity.
SMP proteins are preferably produced by recombinant DNA techniques. For example, a nucleic acid molecule encoding the protein is cloned into an expression vector (as described above), the expression vector is introduced into a host cell (as described above) and the SMP protein is expressed in the host cell. The SMP
protein can then be isolated from the cells by an appropriate purification scheme using standard protein purification techniques. Alternative to recombinant expression, an SMP
protein, polypeptide, or peptide can be synthesized chemically using standard peptide synthesis techniques. Moreover, native SMP protein can be isolated from cells (e.g., endothelial cells), for example using an anti-SMP antibody, which can be produced by standard techniques utilizing an SMP protein or fragment thereof of this invention.
The invention also provides SMP chimeric or fusion proteins. As used herein, an SMP "chimeric protein" or "fusion protein" comprises an SMP polypeptide operatively linked to a non-SMP polypeptide. An "SMP polypeptide" refers to a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence corresponding to an SMP protein, whereas a "non-SMP
polypeptide" refers to a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence corresponding to a protein which is not substantially homologous to the SMP protein, e.g., a protein which is different from the SMP protein and which is derived from the same or a different organism. Within the fusion protein, the term "operatively linked" is intended to indicate that the SMP polypeptide and the non-SMP polypeptide are fused in-frame to each other. The non-SMP polypeptide can be fused to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the SMP polypeptide. For example, in one embodiment the fusion protein is a GST-SMP fusion protein in which the SMP sequences are fused to the C-terminus of the GST
sequences. Such fusion proteins can facilitate the purification of recombinant SMP
proteins. In another embodiment, the fusion protein is an SMP protein containing a heterologous signal sequence at its N-terminus. In certain host cells (e.g., mammalian host cells), expression and/or secretion of an SMP protein can be increased through use of a heterologous signal sequence.

Preferably, an SMP chimeric or fusion protein of the invention is produced by standard recombinant DNA techniques. For example, DNA fragments coding for the different polypeptide sequences are ligated together in-frame in accordance with conventional techniques, for example by employing blunt-ended or stagger-ended termini for ligation, restriction enzyme digestion to provide for appropriate tennini, filling-in of cohesive ends as appropriate, alkaline phosphatase treatment to avoid undesirable joining, and enzymatic ligation. In another embodiment, the fusion gene can be synthesized by conventional techniques including automated DNA
synthesizers.
Alternatively, PCR amplification of gene fragments can be carried out using anchor primers which give rise to complementary overhangs between two consecutive gene fragments which can subsequently be annealed and reamplified to generate a chimeric gene sequence (see, for example, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Ausubel et al., eds. John Wiley & Sons: 1992). Moreover, many expression vectors are conunercially available that already encode a fusion moiety (e.g., a GST
polypeptide).
An SMP-encoding nucleic acid can be cloned into such an expression vector such that the fusion moiety is linked in-frame to the SMP protein.
Homologues of the SMP protein can be generated by mutagenesis, e.g., discrete point mutation or truncation of the SMP protein. As used herein, the term "homologue"
refers to a variant form of the SMP protein which acts as an agonist or antagonist of the activity of the SMP protein. An agonist of the SMP protein can retain substantially the same, or a subset, of the biological activities of the SMP protein. An antagonist of the SMP protein can inhibit one or more of the activities of the naturally occurring fonm of the SMP protein, by, for example, competitively binding to a downstream or upstream member of the sugar molecule metabolic cascade or the energy-producing pathway which includes the SMP protein.
In an alternative embodiment, homologues of the SMP protein can be identified by screening combinatorial libraries of mutants, e.g., truncation mutants, of the SMP
protein for SMP protein agonist or antagonist activity. In one embodiment, a variegated library of SMP variants is generated by combinatorial mutagenesis at the nucleic acid level and is encoded by a variegated gene library. A variegated library of SMP
variants can be produced by, for example, enzymatically ligating a mixture of synthetic oligonucleotides into gene sequences such that a degenerate set of potential SMP

sequences is expressible as individual polypeptides, or altecnatively, as a set of larger fusion proteins (e.g., for phage display) containing the set of SMP sequences therein.
There are a variety of methods which can be used to produce libraries of potential SMP
homologues from a degenerate oligonucleotide sequence. Chemical synthesis of a degenerate gene sequence can be performed in an automatic DNA synthesizer, and the synthetic gene then ligated into an appropriate expression vector. Use of a degenerate set of genes allows for the provision, in one mixture, of all of the sequences encoding the desired set of potential SMP sequences. Methods for synthesizing degenerate oligonucleotides are known in the art (see, e.g., Narang, S.A. (1983) Tetrahedron 39:3;
Itakura et a!. (1984) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 53:323; Itakura et al. (1984) Science 198:1056; Ike et al. (1983) Nucleic Acid Res. 11:477.
In addition, libraries of fragments of the SMP protein coding can be used to generate a variegated population of SMP fragments for screening and subsequent selection of homologues of an SMP protein. In one embodiment, a library of coding sequence fragments can be generated by treating a double stranded PCR fragment of an SMP coding sequence with a nuclease under conditions wherein nicking occurs oniy about once per molecule, denaturing the double stranded DNA, renaturing the DNA to form double stranded DNA which can include sense/antisense pairs from different nicked products, removing single stranded portions from reformed duplexes by treatment with S 1 nuclease, and ligating the resulting fragment library into an expression vector. By this method, an expression library can be derived which encodes N-terminal, C-terminal and intemal fragments of various sizes of the SMP protein.
Several techniques are known in the art for screening gene products of combinatorial libraries made by point mutations or truncation, and for screening cDNA
libraries for gene products having a selected property. Such techniques are adaptable for rapid screening of the gene libraries generated by the combinatorial mutagenesis of SMP
homologues. The most widely used techniques, which are amenable to high through-put analysis, for screening large gene libraries typically include cloning the gene library into replicable expression vectors, transforming appropriate cells with the resulting library of vectors, and expressing the combinatorial genes under conditions in which detection of a desired activity facilitates isolation of the vector encoding the gene whose product was detected. Recursive ensemble mutagenesis (REM), a new technique which enhances the frequency of functional mutants in the libraries, can be used in combination with the screening assays to identify SMP homologues (Arkin and Yourvan (1992) PNAS
89:7811-7815; Delgrave et al. (1993) Protein Engineering6(3):327-331).
In another embodiment, cell based assays can be exploited to analyze a variegated SMP library, using methods well known in the art.

D. Uses and Methods of the Invention The nucleic acid molecules, proteins, protein homologues, fusion proteins, primers, vectors, and host cells described herein can be used in one or more of the following methods: identification of C. glutamicum and related organisms;
mapping of genomes of organisms related to C. glutamicum; identification and localization of C.
glutamicum sequences of interest; evolutionary studies; determination of SMP
protein regions required for function; modulation of an SMP protein activity;
modulation of the metabolism of one or more sugars; modulation of high-energy molecule production in a cell (i.e., ATP, NADPH); and modulation of cellular production of a desired compound, such as a fine chemical.
The SMP nucleic acid molecules of the invention have a variety of uses. First, they may be used to identify an organism as being Corynebacterium glutamicum or a close relative thereof. Also, they may be used to identify the presence of C.
glutamicum or a relative thereof in a mixed population of microorganisms. The invention provides the nucleic acid sequences of a number of C. glutamicum genes; by probing the extracted genomic DNA of a culture of a unique or mixed population of microorganisms under stringent conditions with a probe spanning a region of a C. glutamicum gene which is unique to this organism, one can ascertain whether this organism is present.
Although Corynebacterium glutamicum itself is nonpathogenic, it is related to pathogenic species, such as Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the causative agent of diphtheria, a rapidly developing, acute, febrile infection which involves both local and systemic pathology. In this disease, a local lesion develops in the upper respiratory tract and involves necrotic injury to epithelial cells;
the bacilli secrete toxin which is disseminated through this lesion to distal susceptible tissues of the body. Degenerative changes brought about by the inhibition of protein synthesis in these tissues, which include heart, muscle, peripheral nerves, adrenals, kidneys, liver and spleen, result in the systemic pathology of the disease. Diphtheria continues to have high incidence in many parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and the independent states of the former Soviet Union. An ongoing epidemic of diphtheria in the latter two regions has resulted in at least 5,000 deaths since 1990.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a method of identifying the presence or activity of Cornyebacterium diphtheriae in a subject. This method includes detection of one or more of the nucleic acid or amino acid sequences of the invention (e.g., the sequences set forth as odd-numbered or even-numbered SEQ ID NOs, respectively, in the Sequence Listing) in a subject, thereby detecting the presence or activity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in the subject. C. glutamicum and C. diphtheriae are related bacteria, and many of the nucleic acid and protein molecules in C.
glutamicum are homologous to C. diphtheriae nucleic acid and protein molecules, and can therefore be used to detect C. diphtheriae in a subject.
The nucleic acid and protein molecules of the invention may also serve as markers for specific regions of the genome. This has utility not only in the mapping of the genome, but also for functional studies of C. glutamicum proteins. For example, to identify the region of the genome to which a particular C. glutamicum DNA-binding protein binds, the C. glutamicum genome could be digested, and the fragments incubated with the DNA-binding protein. Those which bind the protein may be additionally probed with the nucleic acid molecules of the invention, preferably with readily detectable labels; binding of such a nucleic acid molecule to the genome fragment enables the localization of the fragment to the genome map of C. glutamicum, and, when performed multiple times with different enzymes, facilitates a rapid determination of the nucleic acid sequence to which the protein binds. Further, the nucleic acid molecules of the invention may be sufficiently homologous to the sequences of related species such that these nucleic acid molecules may serve as markers for the construction of a genomic map in related bacteria, such as Brevibacterium lactofermentum.
The SMP nucleic acid molecules of the invention are also useful for evolutionary and protein structural studies. The metabolic and energy-releasing processes in which the molecules of the invention participate are utilized by a wide variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; by comparing the sequences of the nucleic acid molecules of the present invention to those encoding similar enzymes from other organisms, the evolutionary relatedness of the organisms can be assessed. Similarly, such a comparison permits an assessment of which regions of the sequence are conserved and which are not, which may aid in determining those regions of the protein which are essential for the functioning of the enzyme. This type of determination is of value for protein engineering studies and may give an indication of what the protein can tolerate in terms of mutagenesis without losing function.
Manipulation of the SMP nucleic acid molecules of the invention may result in the production of SMP proteins having functional differences from the wild-type SMP
proteins. These proteins may be improved in efficiency or activity, may be present in greater numbers in the cell than is usual, or may be decreased in efficiency or activity.
The invention provides methods for screening molecules which modulate the activity of an SMP protein, either by interacting with the protein itself or a substrate or binding partner of the SMP protein, or by modulating the transcription or translation of an SMP nucleic acid molecule of the invention. In such methods, a microorganism expressing one or more SMP proteins of the invention is contacted with one or more test compounds, and the effect of each test compound on the activity or level of expression of the SMP protein is assessed.
There are a number of mechanisms by which the alteration of an SMP protein of the invention may directly affect the yield, production, and/or efficiency of production of a fine chemical from a C. glutamfcum strain incorporating such an altered protein.
The degradation of high-energy carbon molecules such as sugars, and the conversion of compounds such as NADH and FADH2 to more useful forms via oxidative phosphorylation results in a number of compounds which themselves may be desirable fine chemicals, such as pyruvate, ATP, NADH, and a number of intermediate sugar compounds. Further, the energy molecules (such as ATP) and the reducing equivalents (such as NADH or NADPH) produced by these metabolic pathways are utilized in the cell to drive reactions which would otherwise be energetically unfavorable.
Such unfavorable reactions include many biosynthetic pathways for fine chemicals.
By improving the ability of the cell to utilize a particular sugar (e.g., by manipulating the genes encoding enzymes involved in the degradation and conversion of that sugar into energy for the cell), one may increase the amount of energy available to permit unfavorable, yet desired metabolic reactions (e.g., the biosynthesis of a desired fine chemical) to occur.
Further, modulation of one or more pathways involved in sugar utilization permits optimization of the conversion of the energy contained within the sugar molecule to the production of one or more desired fine chemicals. For example, by reducing the activity of enzymes involved in, for example, gluconeogenesis, more ATP
is available to drive desired biochemical reactions (such as fine chemical biosyntheses) in the cell. Also, the overall production of energy molecules from sugars may be modulated to ensure that the cell maximizes its energy production from each sugar molecule. Inefficient sugar utilization can lead to excess COZ production and excess energy, which may result in futile metabolic cycles. By improving the metabolism of sugar molecules, the cell should be able to function more efficiently, with a need for fewer carbon molecules. This should result in an improved fine chemical product: sugar molecule ratio (improved carbon yield), and permits a decrease in the amount of sugars that must be added to the medium in large-scale fermentor culture of such engineered C.
glutamicum.
The mutagenesis of one or more SMP genes of the invention may also result in SMP proteins having altered activities which indirectly impact the production of one or more desired fine chemicals from C. glutamicum. For example, by increasing the efficiency of utilization of one or more sugars (such that the conversion of the sugar to useful energy molecules is improved), or by increasing the efficiency of conversion of reducing equivalents to useful energy molecules (e.g., by improving the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, or the activity of the ATP synthase), one can increase the amount of these high-energy compounds available to the cell to drive normally unfavorable metabolic processes. These processes include the construction of cell walls, transcription, translation, and the biosynthesis of compounds necessary for growth and division of the cells (e.g., nucleotides, amino acids, vitamins, lipids, etc.) (Lengeler et al.
(1999) Biology of Prokaryotes, Thieme Verlag: Stuttgart, p. 88-109; 913-918;
875-899).
By improving the growth and multiplication of these engineered cells, it is possible to increase both the viability of the cells in large-scale culture, and also to improve their rate of division, such that a relatively larger number of cells can survive in fermentor culture. The yield, production, or efficiency of production may be increased, at least due to the presence of a greater number of viable cells, each producing the desired fine chemical.
Further, many of the degradation products produced during sugar metabolism are themselves utilized by the cell as precursors or intermediates for the production of a number of other useful compounds, some of which are fine chemicals. For example, pyruvate is converted into the amino acid alanine, and ribose-5-phosphate is an integral part of, for example, nucleotide molecules. The amount and efficiency of sugar metabolism, then, has a profound effect on the availability of these degradation products in the cell. By increasing the ability of the cell to process sugars, either in terms of efficiency of existing pathways (e.g., by engineering enzymes involved in these pathways such that they are optimized in activity), or by increasing the availability of the enzymes involved in such pathways (e.g., by increasing the number of these enzymes present in the cell), it is possible to also increase the availability of these degradation products in the cell, which should in turn increase the production of many different other desirable compounds in the cell (e.g., fine chemicals).
The aforementioned mutagenesis strategies for SMP proteins to result in increased yields of a fine chemical from C. glutamicum are not meant to be limiting;
variations on these strategies will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
Using such strategies, and incorporating the mechanisms disclosed herein, the nucleic acid and protein molecules of the invention may be utilized to generate C.
glutamicum or related strains of bacteria expressing mutated SMP nucleic acid and protein molecules such that the yield, production, and/or efficiency of production of a desired compound is improved. This'desired compound may be any product produced by C. glutamicum, which includes the final products of biosynthesis pathways and intermediates of naturally-occurring metabolic pathways, as well as molecules which do not naturally occur in the metabolism of C. glutamicum, but which are produced by a C.
glutamicum strain of the invention.
This invention is further illustrated by the following examples which should not be construed as limiting.

TABLE 1: GENES IN THE APPLICATION
HMP:

Nudeic Add Anano Aad Identiflcation Code Contig= NT Start NTShop Func*ion 1 2 RXS02735 VV0074 14576 15280 6-Phosphogluconoiactonase 3 4 RXA01626 GR00452 4270 3925 L-ribubse-phosphate 4-epimerase 6 RXA02245 GR00654 13639 14295 RIBULOSE-PHOSPHATE 3-EPIMERASE (EC 5.1.3.1) 7 8 RXAO1015 GR00290 346 5 RIBOSE 5-PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE (EC 5.3.1.6) TCA:
Nucbic Acid Amino Acid Identification Code Conti . NT Start NT StoO Function SEQIONO SEQIDNO

(EC
1.3.99.1) SUBUNIT (EC Ln 1.3.99.1) 00 13 14 RXN00231 W0083 15484 14015 SUCCINATE-SEMIALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE (NADP+) (EC 1.2.1.18) N
16 RXA01311 GR00380 1611 865 SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE IRONSULFUR PROTEIN (EC
1.3.99.1) 00 17 18 RXP01535 GR00427 1354 2760 FUMARATE HYDRATASE PRECURSOR (EC 4.2.1.2) 19 20 RXA00517 GR00131 1407 2447 MALATE DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.37) (EC
1.1.1.82) 21 22 RXA01350 GR00392 1844 2827 MALATE DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.37) .3 Ln EMB-Pathway Ln Nudeic Amino Acid Identification Code ContiR NT Start NT $top Function Aad SEQ SEQ ID NO
ID NO
23 24 RXA02149 GR00639 17786 18754 GLUCOKINASE (EC 2.7.1.2) 26 RXA01814 GR00515 2571 910 PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE (EC 5.4.2.2) /
PHOSPHOMANNOMUTASE
(EC 5.4.2.8) 27 28 RXN02803 W0086 1 657 PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE (EC 5.4.2.2) /
PHOSPHOMANNOMUTASE
(EC 5.4.2.8) 29 30 F RXA02803 GR00784 2 400 PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE (EC 5.4.2.2)1 PHOSPHOMANNOMUTASE
(EC 5.4.2.8) 31 32 RXN03076 W0043 1624 35 PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE (EC 5.4.22) /
PHOSPHOMANNOMUTASE
(EC 5.4.2.8) 33 34 F RXA02854 GR10002 1588 5 PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE (EC 5.4.2.2)1 PHOSPHOMANNOMUTASE
(EC 5.4.2.8) 36 RXA00511 GR00129 1 513 PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE (EC 5.4.2.2)1 PHOSPHOMANNOMUTASE
(EC 5.4.2.8) Table I (continued) Nudeic Acid Amino Acid IdentRioation Code ContiS NT Start NT Stop Function 37 38 RXN01365 VV0091 1476 103 PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE (EC 5.4.2.2) /
PHOSPHOMANNOMUTASE
(EC 5.4.2.8) 39 40 F RXA01365 GR00397 897 4 PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE (EC 5.4.2.2) /
PHOSPHOMANNOMUTASE
(EC 5.4.2.8) 41 42 RXA00098 GR00014 8525 8144 GLUCOSE=6-PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE (GPI) (EC
5.3.1.9) 43 44 RXA01989 GR00578 1 630 GLUCOSE-B-PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE A (GPI A) (EC
5.3.1.9) 45 46 RXA00340 GR000S9 1549 2694 PHOSPHOGLYCERATE MUTASE (EC 5.4.21) 47 48 RXA02492 GR00720 2201 2917 PHOSPHOGLYCERATE MUTASE (EC 5.4.2.1) 49 50 RXA00381 GR00082 1451 846 PHOSPHOGLYCERATE MUTASE (EC 5.4.2.1) 51 52 RXA02122 GR00636 6511 5813 PHOSPHOGLYCERATE MUTASE (EC 5.4.2.1) 53 54 RXA00206 GR00032 6171 5134 6-PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE (EC 2.7.1.11) 55 56 RXA01243 GR00359 2302 3261 1-PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE (EC 2.7.1.56) 57 58 RXA01882 GR00538 1165 2154 1-PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE (EC 2.7.1.56) 59 60 RXA01702 GR00479 1397 366 FRUCTOSE-BISPHOSPHATE ALOOLASE (EC 4.1.2.13) t v 81 62 RXA02258 GR00654 26451 27227 TRIOSEPHOSPHATE ISOMERASE (EC 5.3.1.1) Ln 63 64 RXN01225 VV0064 6382 4943 GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (EC
1.2.1.12) ~

HOMOLOG

(EC 1.2.1.12) 00 69 70 RXA02257 GR00654 25155 26369 PHOSPHOGLYCERATE KINASE (EC 2.7.2.3) 71 72 RXA00235 0R00036 2365 1091 ENOLASE (EC 4.2.1.11) N
73 74 RXA01093 GR00306 1552 122 PYRUVATE KINASE (EC 2.7.1.40) 75 76 RXN02675 VV0098 72801 70945 PYRUVATE KINASE (EC 2.7.1.40) -.3 77 78 F RXA02675 GR00754 2 364 PYRUVATE KINASE (EC 2.7.1.40) O
79 80 F RXA02695 GR00755 2949 4370 PYRUVATE KINASE (EC 2.7.1.40) cn 81 82 RXA00682 GR00179 5299 3401 PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE SYNTHASE (EC 2.7.9.2) 1 83 84 RXA00683 GROO179 6440 5349 PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE SYNTHASE (EC 2.7.9.2) t,~n 85 86 RXN00635 W0135 22708 20972 PYRUVATE DEHYDROGEWIBE (CYTOCHROME) (EC
1.2.22) 87 88 F RXA02807 GR00788 88 552 PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE (CYTOCHROME) (EC
1.2.2.2) 89 90 F RXA00835 GR00167 3 923 PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE (CYTOCHROME) (EC
1.2.2.2) 91 92 RXN03044 VV0019 1391 2221 PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE El COMPONENT (EC
1.2.4.1) 93 94 F RXA02852 GR00852 3 281 PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE El COMPONENT (EC
1.2.4.1) 95 96 F RXA00268 GR00041 125 955 PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE El COMPONENT (EC
1.2_4.1) 97 98 RXN03068 VV0049 2243 2650 PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE El COMPONENT (EC
1.2.4.1) 99 100 F RXA02887 GR10022 411 4 PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE El COMPONENT (EC
1.2.4.1) 101 102 RXN03043 VV0019 1 1362 PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE El COMPONENT (EC
1.2.4.1) 103 104 F RXA02897 GR10039 1291 5 PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE E1 COMPONENT (EC
1.2.4.1) 105 106 RXN03083 W0047 88 1110 DIHYDRaI.IPOAMIDE DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.8.1.4) 107 108 F RXA02853 GR70001 89 1495 DIHYDROLIPOAMIDE DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.8.1.4) 109 110 RXA02259 GR00654 27401 30172 PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE (EC
4.1.1.31) 111 112 RXN02326 VV004T 4500 5315 PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE (EC 6.4.1.1) 115 116 RXN02327 VV0047 3533 4492 PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE (EC 8.4.1.1) 119 120 RXN02328 W0047 1842 3437 PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE (EC 6.4.1.1) 121 122 F RXA02328 GR00668 7783 6401 PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE (EC 6.4.1.1) 123 124 RXN01048 VV0079 12539 11316 MALIC ENZYME (EC 1.1.1.39) Table 1 (continued) Nudeic Acid Amino Acid Identfication Code ContiR. NT Start NT Stop Function SEQ ID NO SEQ ID NO
125 126 F RXA01048 0R00296 3 290 MALIC ENZYME (EC 1.1.1.39) 127 128 F RXA00290 GR00046 4693 5655 MALIC ENZYME (EC 1.1.1.39) 129 130 RXA02694 GR00755 1879 2820 L-LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.27) 131 132 RXN00296 W0176 35763 38606 D-LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (CYTOCHROME) (EC
1.1.2.4) 133 134 F RXA00296 GR00048 3 2837 D-LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (CYTOCHROME) (EC
1.1.2.4) 135 136 RXA01901 GR00544 4158 5417 L-LACTATE OEHYDROGENASE (CYTOCHROME) (EC
1.1.2.3) 137 138 RXN01952 W0105 9954 11666 D-LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.28) 139 140 F RXA01952 GR00562 1 216 DdACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.28) 141 142 F RXA01955 GR00562 4811 6209 D-LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.28) 143 144 RXA00293 GR00047 2645 1734 D-3-PHOSPHOGLYCERATE DEHYDROGENASE (EC
1.1.1.95) 145 146 RXN01130 W0157 6138 5536 D-3-PHOSPHOGLYCERATE DEHYDROGENASE (EC
1.1.1.95) 147 148 F RXA01130 GR00315 2 304 D-3-PHOSPHOGLYCERATE DEHYDROGENASE (EC
1.1.1.95) 149 150 RXN03112 W0085 509 6 D-3-PHOSPHOGLYCERATE DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.95) 151 152 F RXA01133 GR00316 568 1116 D-3-PHOSPHOGLYCERATE DEHYDROGENASE (EC
1.1.1.95) 155 156 F RXA00871 GR00239 2344 3207 IOLB PROTEIN: D-FRUCTOSE 1,6-BISPHOSPHATE
= GLYCERONE-CC c.n PHOSPHATE + D- GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-PHOSPHATE. 00 PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE - N

167 168 RXN02920 W0213 6135 5224 D-3-PHOSPHOGLYCERATE DEHYDROGENASE (EC
1.1.1.95) ~.' -.3 169 170 F RXA02379 GR00690 1390 686 D-3-PHOSPHOGLYCERATE DEHYDROGENASE (EC
1.1.1.95) 171 172 RXN02688 W0098 59053 58385 PHOSPHOGLYCERATE MUTASE (EC 5.4.2.1) Lon 173 174 RXN03087 W0052 3216 3428 PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE (EC 6.4.1.1) ,175 176 RXN03186 W0377 310 519 PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE El COMPONENT (EC 1.2-4.1) 177 178 RXN03187 W0382 3 281 PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE El COMPONENT (EC 1.2.4-1) 179 180 RXN02591 W0098 14370 12541 PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYKINASE (GTPj (EC
4.1.1.32) 181 182 RXS01260 W0009 3477 2296 LIPOAMIDE DEHYDROGENASE COMPONENT (E3) OF
BRANCHED-CHAIN ALPHA-KETO ACID DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX (EC 1.8.1.4) 183 184 RXS01261 W0009 3703 3533 LIPOAMIDE DEHYDROGENASE COMPONENT (E3) OF
BRANCHED-CHAIN ALPHA-KETO ACID DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX (EC 1.8.1.4) Glycerol metabolism Nudeic Acid Amino Acid Identfication Code CoMiR- NT Start NT Stop Function SEQIDNO SEQIDNO
185 186 RXA02640 GR00749 1400 2926 GLYCEROL KINASE (EC 2.7.1.30) 187 188 RXN01025 W0143 5483 4488 GLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (NAD(P)+) (EC 1.1.1.94) (NAD(P)+) (EC 1.1.1.94) (EC 1.1.99.5) Table I (continued) Nudeic Acid Amino Acid Identification Code Contig NT Start NT StOp Function SEQIDNO SEQIDNO

PROTEIN
PRECURSOR

PROTEIN
PRECURSOR
201 202 RXA02414 GR00703 3808 3062 Uncharacterized protein involved in glycerol metabolism (homolog of Drosophita rhomboid) 203 204 RXN01580 W0122 22091 22807 Glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase Acetate metabolism Nudeic Acid Annino Acid WenW"tion Code Contig. NT Start NT StSt~ Function SEQIONO SEQIDNO
205 206 RXA01436 GR00418 2547 1357 ACETATE KINASE (EC 2.7.2.1) tn 209 210 RXA00246 GR00037 4425 3391 ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.1) N
211 212 RXA01571 GR00438 1360 1959 ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.1) 213 214 RXA01572 GR00438 1928 2419 ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.1) D
215 216 RXA01758 GR00498 3961 2945 ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (EC
217 218 RXA02539 GR00726 11676 10159 ALDEHYDE OEHYDROGENASE (EC
219 220 RXN03061 W0034 108 437 ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.2.1.3) -.3 221 222 RXN03150 W0155 10678 10055 ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.2.1.3) 223 224 RXN01340 W0033 3 860 ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.2.1.3) cn 225 226 RXN01498 W0008 1598 3160 ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.2.1.3) 227 228 RXN02674 W0315 15614 14163 ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.2.1.3) Ln 229 230 RXN00888 W0127 2230 320 ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE LARGE SUBUNIT (EC
4.1.3.18) 231 232 RXN01143 W0077 9372 8254 ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE LARGE SUBUNIT (EC
4.1.3.18) 233 234 RXN01146 W0264 243 935 ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE LARGE SUBUNIT (EC
4.1.3.18) 235 236 RXN01144 W0077 8237 7722 ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE SMALL SUBUNIT (EC
4.1.3.18) Butanediol, diacetyl and acetoin fortnation Nuclefc Acid Amino Acid Ident'fioation Code Contia NT StaR NT Stop Function 237 238 RXA02474 GR00715 8082 7309 (S,S)-butane-2,3-0ial dehydrogenase (EC
1.1.1.76) 239 240 RXA02453 GR00710 6103 5351 ACETOIN(DIACETYL) REDUCTASE (EC 1.1.1.5) 241 242 RXS01758 W0112 27383 28399 ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.1) Table I (continued) HMP-Cycie Nudeic Acid AnWno Acid Identfioation Code Contig. NT Start NT Stop Function SEQ ID NO SEQ ID NO
243 244 RXA02737 GR00763 3312 1771 GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE 1-DEHYDROGENASE (EC
1.1.1.49) 245 246 RXA02738 GR00763 4499 3420 TRANSALDOLASE (EC 2.2.1.2) 247 248 RXA02739 GR00763 6769 4670 TRANSKETOLASE (EC 2.2.1.1) 249 250 RXA00965 GR00270 1232 510 6-PHOSPHOGLUCONATE DEHYDROGENASE, DECARBOXYLATING (EC
1.1.1.44) 251 252 RXN00999 V1o106 2817 1366 6-PHOSPHOGLUCONATE DEHYDROGENASE.
DECARBOXYLATING (EC
1.1.1.44) 253 254 F RXA00999 GR00283 3012 4448 6-PHOSPHOGLUCONATE DEHYDROGENASE, DECARBOXYLATING (EC
1.1.1.44) Nucleotide sugar conversion Nucleic Acid Amino Acid Identifieation Code Contig. NT StaA NT Stop Function cn SEQ ID Np SEQ ID NO ao .3 255 256 RXN02596 W0098 48784 47582 UDP-GAIACTOPYRANOSE MUTASE (EC 5.4.99.9) 257 258 F RXA02596 GR00742 1 489 UDP-G41ACTOPYRANOSE MUTASE (EC 5.4.99.9) ao 259 260 F RXA02642 GR00749 5383 5880 UDP-GAIACTOPYRANOSE MUTASE (EC 5.4.99.9) 261 262 RXA02572 GR00737 2 646 UDP-GLUCOSE 6-DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.22) W o0 REDUCTASE (EC ~ ~
1.1,1.158) i 265 266 RXA01216 GR00352 2302 1202 UDP-Ny4CETYLGLUCOSAMiNE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE
(EC 2.7.7.23) - 0 (EC 2.7.7.9) L i"

(EC 2.7.7.9) ~
271 272 RXA01262 GR00367 8351 7191 GOP-MANNOSE 6-DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.132) 273 274 RXA01377 CR00400 3935 5020 MANNOSE-I-PHOSPHATE GUANYLTRANSFERASE (EC
2.7.7.13) 275 276 RXA02063 GR00626 3301 4527 GLUCOSE-I-PHOSPHATE ADENYLYLTRANSFERASE (EC
2.7.7.27) (EC 2.7.7.24) (EC 2.7.7.24) (EC 2.7.7.24) (EC 2.7.7.40) 285 286 RXA00825 GR00222 222 1154 DTDP-GLUCOSE 4,6-DEHYDRATASE (EC 4_2.1.46) inositoi and ribitol metaboiism Nudeic Acid Amino Acid Identi8cation Code Contia. NT Start NT Stop Function SEQ iD NO SEQ 10 NO
287 288 RXA01887 GR00539 4219 3209 MYO-INOSITOL 2-DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.18) Table I (continued) Nudeic Ac1d Amino Aad Identification Code Contig. NT Start NT Stop Function SEQIDNO SEQIDNO
289 290 RXN00013 W0048 7966 8838 MYO-INOSITOL-1(OR 4)-MONOPHOSPHATASE 1(EC
3.1.3.25) 291 292 F RXA00013 GR00002 3566 4438 MYO=INOSITOL-1(OR 4)-MONOPHOSPHATASE 1(EC
3.1.3.25) 293 294 RXA01099 GR00306 6328 5504 INOSiTOL MONOPHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASE
295 296 RXN01332 W0273 579 4 MY04NOSITOL 2-DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.18) 297 298 F RXA01332 GR00388 552 4 MY04NOSITOL 2-DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.18) 299 300 RXA01632 GR00454 2338 3342 MYO-INOSITOL 2-DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.18) 301 302 RXA01633 GR00454 3380 4462 MYO-INOSITOL 2-DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.18) 303 304 RXN01406 VV0278 2999 1977 MY04NOSITOL 2-DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.18) 305 306 RXN01630 W0050 48113 47037 MYO-INOSITOI 2-OEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.18) 307 308 RXN00528 W0079 23406 22318 MYO-lNOSITOL-1-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (EC
5.5.1.4) 309 310 RXN03057 W0028 7017 7688 MYO-INOSROL 2-DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.18) PRECURSOR (EC 1.1.99.28) 313 314 RXA00251 GR00038 931 224 RIBITOL 2-DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.56) N

W
Utilization of sugars N
co Nudeic Aoid Amitw Acid IdenHfiCation Code Conti . NT Start NT Stop Function SEQ ID NO SEQ ID NO
315 316 RXN02654 W0090 12206 13090 GLUCOSE 1-DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.47) .3 317 318 F RXA02654 GR00752 7405 8289 GLUCOSE 1-DEHYDROGENASE 11(EC 1.1.1.47) ~
o 319 320 RXN01049 VV0079 9633 11114 GLUCONOKINASE (EC 2.7.1.12) L n 321 322 F RXA01049 GR00296 1502 492 GLUCONOKINASE (EC 2.7.1.12) ~
~
323 324 F RXA01050 GR00296 1972 1499 GLUCONOKINASE (EC 2.7.1.12) tn PRECURSOR
327 328 RXN00872 W0127 6557 5604 FRUCTOKINASE (EC 2.7.1.4) 329 330 F RXA00872 GR00240 565 1086 FRUCTOKINASE (EC 2.7.1.4) XYLOSIDASE PRECURSOR
(EC 3.2.1.21) (EC 3.2.1.37) PRECURSOR
(EC 3.2.1.21) (EC 3.2.1.37) 335 336 RXA00032 GR00003 12028 10520 MANNITOL 2-DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.67) 339 340 RXN00316 W0006 7035 8180 Hypothetical Oxidoreduataae (EC 1.1.1.-) 341 342 F RXA00309 GR00063 316 5 GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE OXIDOREDUCTASE PRECURSOR (EC
1.1.99.28) (EC
1.1.99.28) (EC
1.1.99.28) 347 348 RXA00041 GRa0007 1246 5 SUCROSE4-PHOSPHATE HYDROLASE (EC 3.2.1.26) 349 350 RXA02026 GR00615 725 6 SUCROSE-6-PHOSPHATE HYDROLASE (EC 3.2.1.26) 351 352 RXA02061 GR00626 1842 349 SUCROSE-6-PHOSPHATE HYDROLASE (EC 3.2.1.26) Table I (continued) Nucleic Acid Amino Acid Identification Code Contia. NT Start NT Stop Function SEQ iD NO SEQ ID NO
353 354 RXN01369 W0124 595 1776 MANNOSE-6-PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE (EC 5.3.1.8) 355 356 F RXA01369 GR00398 3 503 MANNOSE-6-PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE (EC 5.3.1.8) 357 358 F RXA01373 GR00399 595 1302 MANNOSE-6-PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE (EC 5.3.1.8) 359 360 RXA02611 GR00743 1 1752 1,4-ALPHA-GLUCAN BRANCHING ENZYME (EC
2.4.1.18) 361 362 RXA02612 GR00743 1793 3985 1,4ALPHA-GLUCAN BRANCHING ENZYME (EC
2.4.1.18) 363 364 RXN01884 W0184 1 1890 GLYCOGEN DEBRANCHING ENZYME (EC 2.4.1.25) (EC
3.2.1.33) 365 366 F RXA01884 GR00539 3 1475 GLYCOGEN DEBRANCHING ENZYME (EC 2.4.1.25) (EC 3.2.1.33) 367 368 RXA01111 GR00306 16981 17427 GLYCOGEN OPERON PROTEIN GLGX (EC 3.2.1.-) 369 370 RXN01550 W0143 14749 16260 GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE (EC 2.4.1.1) 371 372 F RXA01550 GR00431 3 1346 GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE (EC 2.4.1.1) 373 374 RXN02100 W0318 2 2326 GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE (EC 2.4.1.1) 375 376 F RXA02100 GR00631 3 920 GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE (EC 2.4.1.1) 377 378 F RXA02113 GR00633 2 1207 GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE (EC 2.4.1.1) 379 380 RXA02147 GR00639 15516 16532 ALPHA-AMYLASE (EC 3.2.1.1) N
381 382 RXA01478 GR00422 10517 12352 GLUCOAMYLASE G1 AND G2 PRECURSOR (EC
3.2.1.3) Ln 385 386 RXN01927 W0127 50623 49244 XYLULOSE KINASE (EC 2.7.1.17) -.3 387 388 F RXA01927 GR00555 3 1118 XYLULOSE KINASE (EC 2.7.1.17) t~v 389 390 RXA02729 GR00762 747 4 RIBOKINASE (EC 2.7.1.15) D
391 392 RXA02797 GR00778 1739 2641 RIBOKINASE (EC 2.7.1.15) tv 393 394 RXA02730 GR00762 1768 731 RIBOSE OPERON REPRESSOR o 395 396 RXA02551 GR00729 2193 2552 6-PHOSPHO-BETA-GLUCOSIDASE (EC 3.2.1.86) ' 397 398 RXA01325 GR00385 5676 5005 DEOXYRIBOSE-PHOSPHATE ALDOLASE (EC 4.1.2.4) N i 399 400 RXA00195 GR00030 543 1103 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.-) 401 402 RXA00196 GR00030 1094 1708 1 deoxy-D-xylubse 5-phosphate reductoqomerase (EC 1.1.1 -) 403 404 RXN01562 W0191 1230 3137 1-DEOXYXYLULOSE-5-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE Ln 409 410 RXN00879 W0099 8763 6646 4-ALPHA-GLUCANOTRANSFERASE (EC 2.4.1.25) 411 412 F RXA00879 GR00242 5927 3828 4-ALPHA-GLUCANOTRANSFERASE (EC 2.4.1.25), amylornaltase (EC 3.5.1.25) DEACETYLASE (EC 3.5.1.25) 417 418 RXN01752 W0127 35265 33805 N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINYLTRANSFERASE (EC 2.4.1.-) 419 420 F RXA01839 GR00520 1157 510 N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINYLTRANSFERASE (EC 2.4.1.-) 421 422 RXA01859 GR00529 1473 547 N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINYLTRANSFERASE (EC 2.4.1 -) 423 424 RXA00042 GR00007 2037 1279 GLUCOSAMINE-6-PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE (EC
5.3.1.10) AMINOTRANSFERASE
(ISOMERIZING) (EC 2.6.1.16) 427 428 RXN03179 W0336 2 667 URONATE ISOMERASE (EC 5.3.1.12) 429 430 F RXA02872 GR10013 675 4 URONATE ISOMERASE, Glucuronate isomerase (EC
5.3.1.12) 431 432 RXN03180 W0337 672 163 URONATE ISOMERASE (EC 5.3.1.12) 433 434 F RXA02873 GR10014 672 163 URONATE ISOMERASE, Glucuronate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.12) 435 436 RXA02292 GR00662 1611 2285 GALACTOSIDE O-ACETYLTRANSFERASE (EC
2.3.1.18) (EC 2.7.7.40) PRECURSOR

PRECURSOR

Table 1 (continued) Nuekic Acid Amino Acid Identification Code ContiR NT Start NT Stop Function SEQ ID NO SEQ ID NO
443 444 RXN01569 W0009 41086 42444 dTOP-4DEHYDRORHAMNOSE REDUCTASE (EC
1.1.1.133) 445 446 F RXA01569 GR00438 2 427 DTDP-4-DEHYDRORHAMNOSE REDUCTASE (EC
1.1.1.133) 447 448 F RXA02055 GR00624 7122 8042 DTDP-4-DEHYDRORHAMNOSE REDUCTASE (EC
1.1.1.133) 449 450 RXAOOB25 GR00222 222 1154 DTDP-GLUCOSE 4,6-DEHYDRATASE (EC 4.2.1.46) 451 452 RXA02054 GR00624 6103 7119 DTDP-GLUCOSE 4,6-DEHYDRATASE (EC 4.2.1.46) 453 454 RXN00427 W0112 7004 6219 dTDP-RHAMNOSYL TRANSFERASE RFBF (EC 2: .-.-) 455 456 F RXA00427 GR00098 1591 2022 DTDP-RHAMNOSYL TRANSFERASE RFBF (EC 2.-.-.-) 463 464 RXN01554 W0135 28686 .26545 GLUCAN ENDO-1,3-BETA-GLUCOSIDASE Al PRECURSOR (EC 3.2.1.39) 465 466 RXN03015 W0063 289 8 UDP-GLUCOSE 6-DEHYDROGENASE (EC 1.1.1.22) 467 468 RXN03056 W0028 6258 6935 PUTATIVE HEXULOSE-6-PHOSPHATE lSOMERASE (EC

XYLOSIDASE PRECURSOR o (EC 3.2.1.21) (EC 3.2.1.37) 471 472 RXN00401 W0025 12427 11489 5-DEHYDRO-4-DEOXYGLUCARATE DEHYDRATASE (EC
4.2.1.41) 473 474 RXN02125 W0102 23242 22442 ALDOSE REDUCTASE (EC 1.1.1.21) -.3 475 476 RXN00200 W0181 1679 5116 arabinosyl transferase subunit B(EC 2.4.2.-) (EC 4.1.2.15) 00 481 482 RXN01631 W0050 47021 46143 PUTATIVE HEXULOSE-6-PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE (EC

485 486 RXN00337 W0197 20369 21418 GALACTOKINASE (EC 2.7.1.6) = -.3 C% i (EC 4.1.2.15) ~ 0 489 490 RXS02574 BETA-HEXOSAMINIDASE A PRECURSOR (EC 3.2.1.52) i 491 492 RXS03215 GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE OXIDOREDUCTASE PRECURSOR (EC
1.1.99.28) (EC
1.1.99.28) 495 496 RXS03224 CYCLOMALTODEXTRINASE (EC 3.2.1.54) 497 498 F RXA00038 GR00006 1417 260 CYCLOMALTODEXTRINASE (EC 3.2.1.54) 499 500 RXC00233 protein involved in sugar metabolism 501 502 RXC00236 Membrane Lipoprotein involved in sugar metabolism 503 504 RXC00271 Exported Protein involved in ribose metabolism 505 506 RXC00338 protein involved in sugar metabolism 507 508 RXC00362 Membrane Spanning Protein involved in metabolism of diols 509 510 RXC00412 Amino Acid ABC Transporter ATP-Binding Protein involved in sugar metabolism 511 512 RXC00526 ABC Transporter ATP-Binding Protein involved in sugar metabolism 513 514 RXC01004 Membrane Spanning Protein involved in sugar metaboGsm 515 516 RXC01017 Cytosolic Protein involved in sugar metabolism 517 518 RXC01021 Cytosolic Kinase involved in rnetabolism of sugars and thiamin 519 520 RXCO1212 ABC Transporter ATP-Binding Protein involved in sugar metabolism 521 522 RXC01306 Membrane Spanning Protein involved in sugar metabolism 523 524 RXC01366 Cytosolic Protein invoNed in sugar metabofism 525 526 RXC01372 Cytcsolic Protein involved in sugar metabolism Table I (continued) Nucleic Acid Amino Acid Identification Code Contig. NT Start NT Stop Function SEQ ID NO SEQ ID NO
527 528 RXC01659 protein involved in sugar metabolism 529 530 RXC01663 protein involved in sugar metabolism 531 532 RXC01693 protein involved in sugar metabolism 533 534 RXC01703 Cytosolic Protein involved in sugar metabolism 535 536 RXC02254 Membrane Associated Protein involved in sugar metabolism 537 538 RXC02255 CytosoGc Protein involved in sugar metabolism 539 540 RXC02435 protein involved in sugar metabolism 541 542 F RXA02435 GR00709 825 268 Uncharacterized protein invohred in glycerol metabolism (homolog of Drosophila rhomboid) 543 544 RXC03216 protein involved in sugar metabolism TCA-cycle Nudeic Acid Amino Acid Identification Code Conti . NT Start NT Stop Function SEQ ID NO SEQ ID NO L"

545 546 RXA02175 GR00641 10710 9418 CITRATE SYNTHASE (EC 4.1.3.7) -.3 547 548 RXA02621 GR00746 2647 1829 CITRATE LYASE BETA CHAIN (EC 4.1.3.6) t~v 549 550 RXN00519 W0144 5585 3372 ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE (NADP) (EC 1.1.1.42) 551 552 F RXA00521 GR00133 2 1060 ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE [NADP) (EC
1.1.1.42) 553 554 RXN02209 W0304 1 1671 ACONITATE HYDRATASE (EC 4.2.1.3) 555 556 F RXA02209 GR00648 3 1661 ACONITATE HYDRATASE (EC 4.2.1.3) 557 558 RXN02213 W0305 1378 2151 ACONITATE HYDRATASE (EC 4.2.1.3) o 559 560 F RXA02213 GR00649 1330 2046 ACONITATE HYDRATASE (EC 4.2.1.3) 561 562 RXA02056 GR00625 3 2870 2-OXOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE El COMPONENT (EC
1.2.4.2) L I n (E2) OF F"
2-OXOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX (EC 2.3.1.61) "' 565 566 RXA00782 GR00206 3984 3103 SUCCINYL-COA SYNTHETASE ALPHA CHAIN (EC
6.2.1.5) 567 568 RXA00783 GR00206 5280 4009 SUCCINYL-COA SYNTHETASE BETA CHAIN (EC
6.2.1.5) 569 570 RXN01695 W0139 11307 12806 L-MALATE DEHYDROGENASE (ACCEPTOR) (EC
1.1.99.16) 571 572 F RXA01615 GR00449 8608 9546 L-MALATE DEHYDROGENASE (ACCEPTOR) (EC
1.1.99.16) 573 574 F RXA01695 GR00474 4388 4179 L-MALATE DEHYDROGENASE (ACCEPTOR) (EC
1.1.99.16) 575 576 RXA00290 GR00046 4693 5655 MAUC ENZYME (EC 1.1.1.39) 577 578 RXN01048 W0079 12539 11316 MALIC ENZYME (EC 1.1.1.39) 579 580 F RXA01048 GR00296 3 290 MALIC ENZYME (EC 1.1.1.39) 581 582 F RXA00290 GR00046 4693 5655 MALIC ENZYME (EC 1.1.1.39) (E2) OF
2-OXOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX (EC 2.3.1.61) OXOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX (EC 2.3.1.61) 587 588 RXN00389 W0025 11481 9922 oxoglutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC
1.2.1 -) Table 1 (continued) Giyoxyfabe bypass Nualen Acid Amino Aaid IdentifiGation Code ContiA. NT Start NT Stop Funotion SEQ ID NO SEQ ID NO
589 590 RXN02399 W0176 19708 18365 ISOCITRATE LYASE (EC 4.1 _3.1) 591 592 F RXA02399 GR00699 478 1773 ISOCITRATE LYASE (EC 4.1.3.1) 593 594 RXN02404 W0176 20259 22475 MALATE SYNTHASE (EC 4.1.3.2) 596 596 F RXA02404 GROO700 3798 1663 MALATE SYNTHASE (EC 4.1.3.2) 599 600 RXA01886 GR00539 3203 2430 GLYOXYtATE-INDUCED PROTEIN
Methyicitrate-pathway Nudeic Acid Mrino Acid Ident>ficalion Code Contig. NT Start NT Stap Function SEQ ID NO SEQ tD NO ~
600 602 RXN03117 W0092 3087 1576 2-methyBsocilrate synthase (EC 5.3.3: ) 601 604 F RXA00406 GR00090 978 4 2-methylisocitrate synthase (EC 5.3.3: ) 603 606 F RXA00514 GR00130 1983 1576 2-methyi~rate synthase (EC 5.3.3.-) 605 608 RXA00512 GR00130 621 4 2-methylcitrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.31) 607 610 RXA00518 GR00131 3069 2773 2-methylcitrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.31) 00 -609 612 RXA01077 GR00300 4647 6017 2-methylisocitrate synthase (EC 5.3.3.-) -.3 611 614 RXN03144 W0141 2 901 2-methylisodtrate synthase (EC 5.3.3.-) o 613 616 F RXA02322 GR00668 415 5 2-methy4socitrate synthese (EC 5.3.3.-) L"
615 618 RXA02329 GR00669 607 5 2-methylisocitrate synthase (EC 5.3.3: ) 617 620 RXA02332 GR00671 1906 764 2-methylGt-ate synthase (EC 4.1.3.31) Ln 619 622 RXN02333 W0141 901 1815 methylisocit+ate lyase (EC 4.1.3.30) 621 624 F RXA02333 GR00671 2120 1902 methylisocitnte yase (EC 4.1.3.30) 623 626 RXA00030 GR00003 9590 9979 LACTOYLGLUTATHIONE LYASE (EC 4.4.1.5) MetMyi-Maionyi-CoA-Mutases Nudeic Add Aniino Acid Identification Code Comig. NT Stsrt NT Stop Function SEQ ID NO SEQ ID NO
625 628 RXN00148 W0167 9849 12059 METHYLMALONYL-COA MUTASE ALPHA-SUBUNIT (EC
5.4.99.2) 627 630 F RXA00148 GR00023 2002 5 METHYLMALONYL-COA MUTASE ALPHA-SUBUNIT (EC
5.4.99.2) 629 632 RXA00149 GR00023 3856 2009 METHYLMALONYL-COA MUTASE BETA-SUBUNIT (EC
5.4.99.2) Table I (continued) Others Nudeic Acid Amino Acid Identifloation Code Conti . NT Start NT Stop Function SEQ ID NO SEQ ID NO
631 634 RXN00317 W0197 26879 27532 PHOSPHOGLYCOLATE PHOSPHATASE (EC 3.1.3.18) 635 636 F RXA00317 GR0o055 344 6 PHOSPHOGLYCOLATE PHOSPHATASE (EC 3.1.3.18) 637 638 RXA02196 GR00645 3956 3264 PHOSPHOGLYCOLATE PHOSPHATASE (EC 3.1.3.18) 639 640 RXN02461 W0124 14236 14643 PHOSPHOGLYCOLATE PHOSPHATASE (EC 3.1.3.18) Redox Chain Nuckic Add Amino Acid Ident'dioation Code Comi . NT Start NT StOp Function SEQ ID NO SEQ ID NO
641 642 RXN01744 W0174 2350 812 CYTOCHROME 0 UBIQUINOL OXIDASE SUBUNIT I (EC
1.10.3.-) ~

I (EC 1.10.3.-) (EC 1.10.3.-) t~v 651 652 RXA01743 GR00494 806 6 CYTOCHROME D UBIQUINOL OXIDASE SUBUNIT It (EC
1.10.3.-) o 653 654 RXN02480 W0084 31222 29567 CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE POLYPEPTIDE I (EC
1.9.3.1) 655 656 F RXA01919 GR00550 288 4 CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE SUBUNIT I (EC 1.9.3.1) 657 658 F RXA02480 GR00717 1449 601 CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE POLYPEPTIDE I (EC
1.9.3.1) o 659 660 F RXA02481 GR00717 1945 1334 CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE POLYPEPTIDE I (EC
1.9.3.1) 661 662 RXA02140 GR00639 7339 8415 CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE POLYPEPTIDE II (EC
1.9.3.1) Ln 663 664 RXA02142 GR00639 9413 10063 CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE POLYPEPTIDE I (EC
1.9.3.1) FACTOR

677 678 RXA00679 GR00179 2302 1037 FERREDOXIN-NAD(+) REDUCTASE (EC 1.18.1.3) SUBUNIT

SUBUNIT
683 684 RXN00606 W0192 11299 9026 NADH DEHYDROGENASE I CHAIN L (EC 1.6.5.3) 685 686 F RXA00606 GR00160 121 1869 NADH DEHYDROGENASE I CHAIN L (EC 1.6.5.3) 687 688 RXN00595 W0192 8842 7113 NADH DEHYDROGENASE I CHAIN M(EC 1.6.5.3) 689 690 F RXA00608 GR00160 2253 3017 NADH DEHYDROGENASE I CHAIN M(EC 1.6.5.3) 691 692 RXA00913 GR00249 3 2120 NADH DEHYDROGENASE I CHAIN L (EC 1.6.5.3) 693 694 RXA00909 GR00247 2552 3406 NADH DEHYDROGENASE I CHAIN L(EC 1.6.5.3) SUBUNIT PRECURSOR
(EC 1.6.5.3) (EC 1.6.99.3) Table I (continued) NuGeic Acid Amino Acid Identification Code Contie= NT Start NT Stop Function SEQ ID NO SEQ ID NO

SUBUNIT PRECURSOR
(EC 1.6.5.3) (EC 1.6.99.3) 703 704 RXA00288 GR00046 2646 1636 QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE (EC 1.6.5.5) 705 706 RXA02741 GR00763 9585 8620 QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE (EC 1.6.5.5) 707 708 RXN02560 VV0101 9922 10788 NADPH-FLAVIN OXIDOREDUCTASE (EC 1.6.99.-) 709 710 F RXA02560 GR00731 6339 7160 NADPH-FLAVIN OXIDOREDUCTASE (EC 1.6.99.-) (EC 1.3.99.1) 713 714 RXN03014 W0058 1273 368 NADH DEHYDROGENASE I CHAIN M (EC 1.6.5.3) 715 716 F RXA00910 GR00248 3 1259 Hydrogenase subunits 717 718 RXN01895 VV0117 955 5 NADH DEHYOROGENASE (EC 1.6.99.3) 721 722 RXA00703 GR00183 2556 271 FORMATE DEHYDROGENASE ALPHA CHAIN (EC
1_2.1.2) 727 728 RXN00388 W0025 2081 3091 CYTOCHROME C BIOGENESIS PROTEIN CCSA ~
729 730 F RXA00388 GR00085 969 667 essential protein similar to cytochrome C
.3 731 732 F RXA00386 GR00084 514 5 RESC PROTEIN, essential protein simiiar to cytochrome c biogenesis protein 733 734 RXA00945 GR00259 1876 2847 putative cytoohrome oxidase (EC
1.6.99.7) 737 738 F RXA02556 GR00731 2019 3176 FLAVOHEMOPROTEIN -.3 739 740 RXA01392 GR00408 2297 3373 GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE (EC 2.5.1.18) DEHYOROGENASE (EC tn 1.2.1.1) 743 744 RXA02143 GR00639 10138 11025 QCRC PROTEIN, menaquinol:cytochrome c oxidoredudase cn 745 746 RXN03096 VV0058 405 4 NADH DEHYDROGENASE I CHAIN M (EC 1.6.5.3) 747 748 RXN02036 W0176 32683 33063 NADH-UBIQUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE CHAIN 4 (EC
1.6.5.3) 749 750 RXN02765 VV0317 3552 2794 HypotheticalOxidorductase 751 752 RXN02206 W0302 1784 849 Hypottie8cai Oxidoredudase 753 754 RXN02554 W0101 4633 4010 Hypothetical Oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1 -) ATP-Synthase Nudeic Acid Anlino Acid ident'fieation Code Conti . NT Start NT Stop Function SEQIDNO SEQIDNO
755 756 RXN01204 VV0121 1270 461 ATP SYNTHASE A CHAIN (EC 3.6.1.34) 757 758 F RXA01204 GR00345 394 1155 ATP SYNTHASE A CHAIN (EC 3.6.1.34) 759 760 RXA01201 GR00344 675 2315 ATP SYNTHASE ALPHA CHAIN (EC 3.6.1.34) 761 762 RXN01193 W0175 5280 3832 ATP SYNTHASE BETA CHAIN (EC 3.6.1.34) 763 764 F RXA01193 GR00343 15 755 ATP SYNTHASE BETA CHAIN (EC 3.6.1.34) 765 766 F RXA01203 GR00344 3355 3993 ATP SYNTHASE BETA CHAIN (EC 3.6.1.34) Table I (continued) Nudeic Acid Amino Acid Identification Code Conti . NT Start NT Stop Function SEQ ID NO SEQ ID NO
767 768 RXN02821 W0121 324 85 ATP SYNTHASE C CHAIN (EC 3.6.1.34) 769 770 F RXA02821 GR00802 139 318 ATP SYNTHASE C CHAIN (EC 3.6.1.34) 771 772 RXA01200 GR00344 2 610 ATP SYNTHASE DELTA CHAIN (EC 3.6.1.34) 773 774 RXA01194 GR00343 770 1141 ATP SYNTHASE EPSILON CHAIN (EC 3.6.1.34) 775 776 RXA01202 GR00344 2375 3349 ATP SYNTHASE GAMMA CHAIN (EC 3.6.1.34) Cytochrome metabolism Nuclelc Acid Amino Acid Identification Code Comig. NT Start NT Stop Function SEQ ID NO SEQ !D NO 1y 779 780 RXN00684 W0005 29864 28581 CYTOCHROME P450 116 (EC 1.14 -.-) 781 782 RXN00387 W0025 1150 2004 Hypothetical Cytochrome c t3iogenesis Protein Ui -.3 F' W
N
J

F=' TABLE 2 - Excluded Genes GenBankTM Gene Name Gene Function Reference Accession No.
A09073 ppg Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase Bachmann, B. et al. "DNA fragment coding for phosphoenolpyruvat corboxylase, recombinant DNA carrying said fragment, strains carrying the recombinant DNA and method for producing L-aminino acids using said strains," Patent: EP 0358940-A 3 03/21/90 A45579, Threonine dehydratase Moeckel, B. et al. "Production of L-isoleucine by means of recombinant A45581, micro-organisms with deregulated threonine dehydratase," Patent: WO
A45583, 9519442-A S 07/20/95 AB003132 murC; ftsQ; ftsZ Kobayashi, M. et al. "Cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the ftsZ
gene from coryneform bacteria," Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 236(2):383-388 (1997) AB015023 murC; ftsQ Wachi, M. et al. "A murC gene from Coryneform bacteria,"
Appl. Microbiol. ~
Biotechnol., 51(2):223-228 (1999) N
AB018530 dtsR Kimura, E. et al. "Molecular cloning of a novel gene, dtsR, which rescues the 00 detergent sensitivity of a mutant derived from Brevibacterium laclofermentum," Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 60(10):1565-1570 (1996) ' o AB018531 dtsRl; dtsR2 -.3 AB020624 murl D-glutamate racemase AB023377 tkt transketolase vi' AB024708 g1tB; gltD Glutamine 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase c~i, large and small subunits AB025424 acn aconitase AB027714 rep Replication protein AB027715 rep; aad Replication protein; aminoglycoside adenyltransferase AF005242 argC N-acetylglutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase AF005635 g1nA Glutamine synthetase AF030405 hisF cyclase AF030520 argG Argininosuccinate synthetase AF031518 argF Omithine carbamolytransferase AF036932 aroD 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase AF038548 pyc Pyruvate carboxylase Table 2 continued AF038651 dciAE; apt; rel Dipeptide-binding protein; adenine Wehmeier, L. et al. "The role of the Corynebacterium glutamicum rel gene in phosphoribosyltransferase; GTP (p)ppGpp metabolism," Microbiology, 144:1853-1862 (1998) pyrophosphokinase AF041436 argR Arginine repressor AF045998 impA Inositol monophosphate phosphatase AF048764 argH Argininosuccinate lyase AF049897 argC; argJ; argB; 13-acetylglutamylphosphate reductase;
argD; argF; argR; ornithine acetyltransferase; N-argG; argH acetylglutamate kinase; acetyiornithine transminase; omithine carbamoyltransferase; arginine repressor;
argininosuccinate synthase;
argininosuccinate lyase AF050109 inhA Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase o AF050166 hisG ATP phosphonbosy transferase Lõ
AF051846 hisA Phosphoribosylfotmimino-5-amino- l- 0-.30 phosphoribosyl-4-imidazolecarboxamide isomerase 00 AF052652 metA Homoserine O-acetyltransferase Park, S. et al. "Isolation and analysis of metA, a methionine biosynthetic gene encoding homoserine acetyltransferase in Corynebacterium glutamicum," Mol. v o Cells., 8(3):286-294 (1998) W
AF053071 aroB Dehydroquinate synthetase AF060558 hisH Glutamine amidotransferase AF086704 hisE Phosphoribosyl-ATP- Ln pyrophosphohydrolase AF114233 aroA 5-enoipyruvyishikimate 3-phosphate synthase AF116184 panD L-aspantate-alpha-decarboxylase precursor Dusch, N. et al.
"Expression of the Corynebacterium glutamicum panD gene encoding L-aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase leads to pantothenate overproduction in Escherichia coli," Appl. 6nviron. Microbiol., 65(4)1530-1539(1999) AF124518 aroD; aroE 3-dehydroquinase; shikimate dehydrogenase AF124600 aroC; aroK; aroB; Chorismate synthase; shikimate kinase; 3-pepQ dehydroquinate synthase; putative cytoplasmic peptidase AF145897 inhA
AF145898 inhA

Table 2 continued AJ001436 ectP Transport of ectoine, glycine betaine, Peter, H. et al.
"Corynebacterium glutamicum is equipped with four secondary proline carriers for compatible solutes: Identification, sequencing, and characterization of the proline/ectoine uptake system, ProP, and the ectoine/proline/glycine betaine carrier, EctP," J. Bacteriol., 180(22):6005-6012 (1998) AJ004934 dapD Tetrahydrodipicolinate succinylase Wehrmann, A. et al.
"Different modes of diaminopimelate synthesis and their (incomplete) role in cell wall integrity: A study with Corynebacterium glutamicum," J.
Bacteriol., 180(12):3159-3165 (1998) AJ007732 ppc; secG; amt; ocd; Phosphoenolpyruvate-carboxylase; ?; high soxA affinity ammonium uptake protein; putative ornithine-cyclodecarboxylase;sarcosine oxidase AJ010319 SsY, glnB, glnD; srp; Involved in cell division; PIl protein; Jakoby, M. et al. "Nitrogen regulation in Corynebacterium glutamicum;
amtP uridylyltransferase (uridylyl-removing Isolation of genes involved in biochemical characterization of corresponding enzmye); signal recognition particle; low proteins," FEMS Microbiol., 173(2):303-310 (1999) affinity ammonium uptake protein cn AJ132968 cat Chloramphenicol aceteyl transferase c AJ224946 mqo L-malate: quinone oxidoreductase Molenaar, D. et al. "Biochemical and genetic characterization of the membrane-associated malate dehydrogenase (acceptor) from Corynebacterium 00 glutamicum," Ew. J. Biochem., 254(2):395-403 (1998) AJ238250 ndh NADH dehydrogenase .,t o AJ238703 porA Porin Lichtinger, T. et al. "Biochemical and biophysical characterization of the cell 'P .3 wall porin of Corynebacterium glutamicum: The channel is formed by a low Lõ
molecular mass polypeptide," Biochemistry, 37(43):15024-15032 (1998) F, D17429 Transposable element 1S31831 Vertes et al."Isolation and characterization of IS31831, a transposable element "' from Corynebacterium glutamicum," Mol. Microbiol., 11(4):739-746 (1994) D84102 odhA 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase suda, Y. et al. "Molecular cloning of the Corynebacterium glutamicum (Brevibacterium lactofennentum AJ 12036) odhA gene encoding a novel type of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase," Microbiology, 142:3347-3354 (1996) E01358 hdh; hk 14omoserine dehydrogenase; homoserine Katsumata, R. et al.
"Production of L-thereonine and L-isoleucine," Patent: JP
kinase 1987232392-A 1 10/12/87 E01359 Upstream of the start codon of homoserine Katsumata, R. et a."Production of L-thereonine and L-isoleucine," Patent: JP
kinase gene 1987232392-A 2 10/12/87 E01375 Tryptophan operon E01376 trpL; trpE Leader peptide; anthranilate synthase Matsui, K. et al.
"Tryptophan operon, peptide and protein coded thereby, utilization of tryptophan operon gene expression and production of tryptophan," Patent: JP 1987244382-A 1 10/24/87 Table 2 continued E01377 Promoter and operator regions of Matsui, K. et al. "Tryptophan operon, peptide and protein coded thereby, tryptophan operon utilization of tryptophan operon gene expression and production of tryptophan," Patent: JP 1987244382-A 1 1024187 E03937 Biotin-synthase Hatakeyama, K. et al. "DNA fragment containing gene capable of coding biotin synthetase and its utilization," Patent: JP 1992278088-A 1 10/02/92 E04040 Diamino pelargonic acid aminotransferase Kohama, K. et al. "Gene coding diaminopelargonic acid aminotransferase and desthiobiotin synthetase and its utilization," Patent: JP 1992330284-A I

E04041 Desthiobiotinsynthetase Kohama, K. et al. "Gene coding diaminopelargonic acid aminotransferase and desthiobiotin synthetase and its utilization," Patent: JP 1992330284-A 1 E04307 Flavum aspartase Kurusu, Y. et al. "Gene DNA coding aspartase and utilization thereof," Patent:

E04376 Isocitric acid lyase Katsumata, R. et al. "Gene mani estation controlling DNA," Patent: JP
1993056782-A 3 03/09/93 cn E04377 Isocitric acid lyase N-terminal fragment Katsumata, R. et al. "Gene manifestation controlling DNA," Patent: JP

E04484 Prephenate dehydratase Sotouchi, N. et al. "Production of L-phenylalanine by fermentation," Patent: JP D

E05108 Aspartokinase Fugono, N. et al. "Gene DNA coding Aspartokinase and its use," Patent: JP -4 1993184366-A 1 07/27/93 .3 E05112 Dihydro-dipichorinate synthetase Hatakeyama, K. et al. "Gene DNA coding dihydrodipicolinic acid synthetase cn and its use," Patent: JP 1993184371-A 1 07/27/93 F, E05776 Diaminopimelic acid dehydrogenase Kobayashi, M. et al. "Gene DNA coding Diaminopimelic acid dehydrogenase L"
and its use," Patent: JP 1993284970-A 1 11/02/93 E05779 Threonine synthase Kohama, K. et al. "Gene DNA coding threonine synthase and its use," Patent:

E061 10 Prephenate dehydratase Kikuchi, T. et al. "Production of L-phenylalanine by fermentation method,"
Patent: JP 1993344881-A 1 12/27/93 E06111 Mutated Prephenate dehydratase Kikuchi, T. et al. "Production of L-phenylatanine by fetmentation method,"
Patent: JP 1993344881-A 1 12/27/93 E06146 Acetohydroxy acid synthetase lnui, M. et al. "Gene capable of coding Acetohydroxy acid synthetase and its use," Patent: JP 1993344893-A 1 12/27/93 E06825 Aspartokinase Sugimoto, M. et al. "Mutant aspartokinase gene," patent:

E06826 Mutated aspartokinase alpha subunit Sugimoto, M. et al. "Mutant aspartokinase gene," patent: JP 1994062866-A 1 Table 2 continued E06827 Mutated aspartokinase alpha subunit Sugimoto, M. et al. "Mutant aspartokinase gene," patent: JP 1994062866-A 1 E07701 secY Honno, N. et al. "Gene DNA participating in integration of membraneous protein to membrane," Patent: JP 1994169780-A 1 06/21/94 E08 177 Aspartokinase Sato, Y. et al. "Genetic DNA capable of coding Aspartokinase released from feedback inhibition and its utilization," Patent: JP 1994261766-A 1 09/20/94 E08178, Feedback inhibition-released Aspartokinase Sato, Y. et al. "Genetic DNA capable of coding Aspartokinase released from E08179, feedback inhibition and its utilization," Patent: JP 1994261766-A 1 E08180, E08181, E08232 Acetohydroxy-acid isomeroreductase Inui, M. et al. "Gene DNA coding acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase,"
Patent: JP 1994277067-A I 10/04/94 E08234 secE Asai, Y. et al. "Gene DNA coding for translocation machinery of protein,"
Patent: JP 1994277073-A I 10/04/94 Ln E08643 FT aminotransferase and desthiobiotin Hatakeyama, K. et al. "DNA
fragment having promoter function in synthetase promoter region coryneform bacterium," Patent: JP 1995031476-A I
02/03/95 n~i E08646 Biotin synthetase Hatakeyama, K. et al. "DNA fragment having promoter function in D
coryneform bacterium," Patent: JP 1995031476-A 1 02/03/95 E08649 Aspartase Kohama, K. et al "DNA fragment having promoter function in coryneform -.3 bacterium," Patent: JP 1995031478-A 1 02/03/95 E08900 Dihydrodipicolinate reductase Madori, M. et al. "DNA fragrnent containing gene coding Dihydrodipicolinate con acid reductase and utilization thereof," Patent: JP 1995075578-A 1 0320/95 N
E08901 Diaminopimelic acid decarboxylase Madori, M. et al. "DNA fragment containing gene coding Diaminopimelic acid "' decarboxylase and utilization thereof," Patent:lP 1995075579-A 1 03/20/95 E12594 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase Hatakeyama, K. et al. "Production of L-trypophan," Patent:lP 1997028391-A

E 12760, transposase Moriya, M. et al. "Amplification of gene using artificial transposon," Patent:
E12759, 1P 1997070291-A 03/18/97 E 12764 Arginyl-tRNA synthetase; diaminopimelic Moriya, M. et al.
"Amplification of gene using artificial transposon," Patent:
acid decarboxylase JP 1997070291-A 03/18/97 E12767 Dihydrodipicolinic acid synthetase Moriya, M. et al. "Amplification of gene using artificial transposon," Patent:

E12770 aspartokinase Moriya, M. et al. "Amplification of gene using artificial transposon," Patent:

E12773 Dihydrodipicolinic acid reductase Moriya, M. et al. "Amplification of gene using artificial transposon," Patent:

Table 2 continued E13655 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Hatakeyama, K. et al. "Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and DNA capable of coding the same," Patent: JP 1997224661-A 1 09/02/97 L01508 11vA Threonine dehydratase Moeckel, B. et al. "Functional and structural analysis of the threonine dehydratase of Corynebacterium glutamicum," J. Bacteriol., 174:8065-8072 (1992) L07603 EC 4.2.1.15 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate-7- Chen, C. et al. "The cloning and nucleotide sequence of Corynebacterium phosphate synthase glutamicum 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase gene,"
FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 107:223-230 (1993) L09232 flvB; ilvN; ilvC Acetohydroxy acid synthase large subunit; Keilhauer, C. et al. "Isoleucine synthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum:
Acetohydroxy acid synthase small subunit; molecular analysis of the ilvB-ilvN-i1vC operon," J. Bacteriol., 175(17):5595-Acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase 5603 (1993) L18874 PtsM Phosphoenolpyruvate sugar Fouet, A et al. "Bacillus subtilis sucrose-specific enzyme 11 of the phosphotransferase phosphotransferase system: expression in Escherichia coli and homology to enzymes 11 from enteric bacteria," PNAS USA, 84(24):8773-8777 (1987); Lee, J.K. et al. "Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the Corynebacterium glutamicum mannose enzyme II and analyses of the deduced protein r sequence,"FEMSMicrobioLLett., 119(1-2):137-145(1994) L27123 aceB Malate synthase Lee, H-S. et al. "Molecular characterization of aceB, a gene encoding malate synthase in Corynebacterium glutamicum," J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., o 4(4):256-263 (1994) __j L27126 Pyruvate kinase Jetten, M. S. et al. "Structural and functional analysis of pyruvate kinase from Corynebacterium glutamicum," Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60(7):2501-2507 L"
(1994) L28760 aceA Isocitrate lyase L35906 dtxr Diphtheria toxin repressor Oguiza, J.A. et al. "Molecular cloning, DNA sequence analysis, and characterization of the Corynebacterium diphtheriae dtxR from Brevibacterium lactofermentum," J. Bacteriol., l 77(2):465-467 (1995) M13774 Prephenate dehydratase Follettie, M.T. et al. "Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the Corynebacterium glutamicum pheA gene," J. Bacteriol., 167:695-702 (1986) M16175 5S rRNA Park, Y-H. et al. "Phylogenetic analysis of the coryneform bacteria by 56 rRNA sequences," J. Bacteriol., 169:1801-1806 (1987) M 16663 trpE Anthranilate synthase, 5' end Sano, K. et al. "Structure and function of the trp operon control regions of Brevibacterium lactofermentum, a glutamic-acid-producing bacterium," Gene, 52:191-200 (1987) M16664 trpA Tryptophan synthase, 3'end Sano, K. et al. "Structure and function of the trp operon control regions of Brevibacterium lactofermentum, a glutamic-acid-producing bacterium," Gene, 52:191-200(1987) Table 2 continued M25819 Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase O'Regan, M. et al. "Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase-coding gene of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032," Gene, 77(2):237-251 (1989) M85106 23S rRNA gene insertion sequence Roller, C. et al. "Gram-positive bacteria with a high DNA G+C content are characterized by a common insertion within their 23S rRNA genes, " J. Gen.
Microbiol., 138:1167-1175 (1992) M85107, 23S rRNA gene insertion sequence Roller, C. et al. "Gram-positive bacteria with a high DNA G+C content are M85108 characterized by a common insertion within their 23S rRNA genes," J.
Gen.
Microbiol., 138:1167-1175 (1992) M89931 aecD; bmQ; yhbw Beta C-S lyase; branched-chain amino acid Rossol, 1. et al. "The Corynebacterium glutamicum aecD gene encodes a C-S
uptake carrier; hypothetical protein yhbw lyase with alpha, beta-elimination activity that degrades aminoethylcysteine,"
J. Bacteriol., 174(9):2968-2977 (1992); Tauch, A. et al. "lsoleucine uptake in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 is directed by the brnQ gene product," Arch. Microbiol., 169(4):303-312 (1998) S59299 trp Leader gene (promoter) Heny, D.M. et al. "Cloning of the trp gene cluster from a tryptophan-hypetproducing strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum: identification of a -.3 mutation in the trp leader sequence,".lppl. Environ. Microbiol., 59(3):791-799 (1993) co U11545 ttpD Anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase O'Gara, J.P. and Dunican, L.K. (1994) Complete nucleotide sequence of the Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 21850 tpD gene." Thesis, Microbiology ~ o Department, University College Galway, Ireland. 00 U 13922 egllM; cgllR; cIg11R Putative type 11 5-cytosoine Schafer, A. et al.
"Cloning and characterization of a DNA region encoding a cn methyltransferase; putative type II stress-sensitive restriction system from Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC ~, restriction endonuclease; putative type I or 13032 and analysis of its role in intergeneric conjugation with Escherichia L"
type IlI restriction endonuclease coli," J. Bacteriol., 176(23):7309-7319 (1994); Schafer, A. et al. "The Corynebacterium glutamicum CgI1M gene encoding a 5-cytosine in an McrBC-deficient Escherichia coli strain," Gene, 203(2):95-101 (1997) U 14965 recA
U31224 ppx Ankri, S. et al. "Mutations in the Corynebacterium glutamicumproline biosynthetic pathway: A natural bypass of the proA step," J. Bacteriol., 178(15):4412-4419 (1996) U31225 proC L-proline: NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase Ankri, S. et al. "Mutations in the Corynebacterium glutamicumprotine biosynthetic pathway: A natural bypass of the proA step," J BacterioL, 178(15):4412-4419 (1996) U31230 obg; proB; unkdh ?;gamma glutamyl kinase;similar to D. Ankri, S. et al.
"Mutations in the Corynebacterium glutamicumproline isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid biosynthetic pathway: A natural bypass of the proA step," J. Bacteriol., dehydrogenases 178(15):4412-4419(1996) Table 2 continued U31281 bioB Biotin synthase Serebriiskii,l.G., "Two new members of the bio B
superfamily: Cloning, sequencing and expression of bio B genes of Methylobacillus flagellatum and Corynebacterium glutamicum," Gene, 175:15-22 (1996) U35023 thtR; accBC Thiosulfate sulfurnansferase; acyl CoA Jager, W. et al. "A
Corynebacterium glutamicum gene encoding a two-domain carboxylase protein similar to biotin carboxylases and biotin-carboxyl-carrier proteins,"
Arch. Microbiol., 166(2);76-82 (1996) U43535 cmr Multidrug resistance protein Jager, W. et al. "A Corynebacterium glutamicum gene conferring multidrug resistance in the heterologous host Escherichia coli," J. Bacteriol., 179(7):2449-2451 (1997) U43536 clpB Heat shock ATP-binding protein U53587 aphA-3 3'5"-aminoglycoside phosphotransferase U89648 Corynebacterium glutamicum unidentifled sequence involved in histidine biosynthesis, partial sequence X04960 trpA; trpB; trpC; trpD; Tryptophan operon Matsui, K.
et al. "Complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of trpE; trpG; trpL the Brevibacterium lactofermentum tryptophan operon," Nucleic Acids Res., -.3 14(24):10113-10114(1986) X07563 lys A DAP decarboxylase (meso-diaminopimelate Yeh, P. et al. "Nucleic sequence of the lysA gene of Corynebacterium D
decarboxylase, EC 4.1.1.20) glutamicum and possible mechanisms for modulation of its expression," Mol.
Gen. Geret., 212(1):112-119 (1988) v , o X14234 EC 4.1.1.31 Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase Eikmanns, B.J. et al. "The Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene of o Corynebacterium glutamicum: Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and Lõ
expression," MoL Gen. Genet., 218(2):330-339 (1989); Lepiniec, L. et al. F, "Sorghum Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene family: structure, function Ln and molecular evolution," Plant. Mol. Biol., 21 (3):487-502 (1993) X 17313 fda Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase Von der Osten, C.H. et al.
"Molecular cloning, nucteptide sequence and fine-structural analysis of the Corynebacterium glutamicum fda gene: structural comparison of C. glutamicum fructose-1, 6-biphosphate aldolase to class 1 and class Il aldoiases," Mol. Microbiol., X53993 dapA L-2, 3-dihydrodipicolinate synthetase (EC Bonnassie, S. et al.
"Nucleic sequence of the dapA gene from 4.2.1.52) Corynebacterium glutamicum," Nucleic Acids Res., 18(21):6421 (1990) X54223 AttB-related site Cianciotto, N. et al. "DNA sequence homology between att B-related sites of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium ulcerans, Corynebacterium glutamicum , and the attP site of lambdacorynephage," FEMS. Microbiol, Lett., 66:299-302 (1990) X54740 argS; lysA Arginyl-tRNA synthetase; Diaminopimelate Marcel, T. et al.
"Nucleotide sequence and organization of the upstream region decarboxylase of the Corynebacterium glutamicum lysA gene," Mol. Microbiol., 4(I I):I819-1830 (1990) Table 2 continued X55994 trpL; trpE Putative leader peptide; anthranilate Heery, D.M. et A.
"Nucleotide sequence of the Corynebacterium glutamicum synthase component I trpE gene," Nucleic Acids Res., 18(23):7138 (1990) X56037 thrC Threonine synthase Han, K.S. et al. "The molecular structure of the Corynebacterium glutamicum threonine synthase gene," Mol. Microbiol., 4(10):1693-1702 (1990) X56075 attB-related site Attachment site Cianciotto, N. et al. "DNA sequence homo ogy between att B-related sites of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium ulcerans, Corynebacterium glutamicum , and the attP site of lambdacorynephage," FEMS. Microbiol, Lett., 66:299-302 (1990) X57226 lysC-alpha; lysC-beta; Aspartokinase-alpha subunit; Kalinowski,l. et al. "Genetic and biochemical analysis of the Aspartokinase asd Aspartokinase-beta subunit; aspartate beta from Corynebacterium glutamicum," Mol. Microbiol., 5(5):1197-1204 (1991);
semialdehyde dehydrogenase Kalinowski, J. et al. "Aspartokinase genes lysC
alpha and lysC beta overlap and are adjacent to the aspertate beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase gene asd in Corynebacterium glutamicum," Mol. Gen. Genet., 224(3):317-324 (1990) X59403 gap;pgk; tpi Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; Eikmanns, B.J.
"Identification, sequence analysis, and expression of a phosphoglycerate kinase; triosephosphate Corynebacterium glutamicum gene cluster encoding the three glycolytic Ln isomerase enzymes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase, and triosephosphate isomeras," J. Bacteriol, 174(19):6076-6086 n~i (1992) 00 X59404 gdh Glutamate dehydrogenase Bormann, E.R. et al. "Molecular analysis of the Corynebacterium glutamicum gdh gene encoding glutamate dehydrogenase," Mol. Microbiol., 6(3):317-326 -.3 (1992) X60312 lysl L-lysine permease Seep-Feldhaus, A.H. et al. "Molecular analysis of the Corynebacterium cn glutamicum lysl gene involved in lysine uptake," Mol. Microbiol., 5(12):2995-N
3005 (1991) L' X66078 copi Psi protein Joliff, G. et al. "Cloning and nucieotide sequence of the cspl gene encoding PSI, one of the two major secreted proteins of Corynebacterium glutamicum:
The deduced N-terminal region of PSI is similar to the Mycobacterium antigen 85 complex," Mol. Microbiol., 6(16):2349-2362 (1992) X66112 glt Citrate synthase Eikmanns, B.J. et al. "Cloning sequence, expression and transcriptional analysis of the Corynebacterium glutamicum gItA gene encoding citrate synthase," Microbiol., 140:1817-1828 (1994) X67737 dapB Dihydrodipicolinate reductase X69103 csp2 SurEace layer protein PS2 Peyret, J.L. et al. "Characterization of the cspB gene encoding PS2, an ordered surface-layer protein in Corynebacterium glutamicum," Mol Microbiol., 9( l ):97-109 (1993) X69104 I'.S3 related insertion element Bonamy, C. et al. "Identification of IS
1206, a Corynebacterium glutamicum IS3-related insertion sequence and phylogenetic analysis," Mol. Microbfol., 14(3):571-581 (1994) Table 2 continued X70959 IeuA Isopropylmalate synthase Patek, M. et al. "Leucine synthesis in Coryynebacterium glutamicum: enzyme activities, structure of leuA, and effect of leuA inactivation on lysine synthesis," Appi. Environ. Microbiol., 60(1):133-140 (1994) X71489 icd lsocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) Eikmanns, B.J. et al. "Cloning sequence analysis, expression, and inactivation of the Corynebacterium glutamicum icd gene encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase and biochemical characterization of the enzyme," J. Bacreriol., 177(3):774-782 (1995) X72855 GDHA Glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+) X75083, mtrA 5-methyltryptophan resistance Heery, D.M. et al. "A sequence from a tryptophan-hyperproducing strain of X70584 Corynebacterium glutamicum encoding resistance to 5-methyltryptophan,"
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 201(3):1255-1262(1994) X75085 recA Fitzpatrick, R. et al. "Construction and characterization of recA
mutant strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Brevibacterium lactofermentum," Appl.
MicrobioL Biolechnol., 42(4):575-580 (1994) X75504 aceA; thiX Partial Isocitrate lyase; ? Reinscheid, D.J. et al.
"Characterization of the isocitrate lyase gene from L"
Corynebacterium glutamicum and biochemical analysis of the enzyme," J.
BacterioL, 176(12):3474-3483 (1994) tv X76875 ATPase beta-subunit Ludwig, W. et al. "Phylogenetic relationships of bacteria based on comparative 0D
sequence analysis of elongation factor Tu and ATP-synthase beta-subunit genes," Anronie Van LeeuwenhoeQ 64:285-305 (1993) X77034 tuf Elongation factor Tu Ludwig, W. et al. "Phylogenetic relationships of bacteria based on comparative sequence analysis of elongation factor Tu and ATP-synthase beta-subunit genes," Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 64:285-305 (1993) N
X77384 recA Biliman-Jacobe, H. "Nucleotide sequence of a recA gene from "' Corynebacterium glutamicum," DNA Seq., 4(6):403-404 (1994) X78491 aceB Malate synthase Reinscheid, D.J. et al. "Malate synthase from Corynebacterium glutamicum pta-ack operon encoding phosphotransacetylase: sequence analysis,"
Microbiology, 140:3099-3108 (1994) X80629 16S rDNA 16S ribosomal RNA Rainey, F.A. et al. "Phylogenetic analysis of the genera Rhodococcus and Norcardia and evidence for the evolutionary origin of the genus Norcardia from within the radiation of Rhodococcus species," MicrobioL, 141:523-528 (1995) X8l 191 gluA; gluB; gluC; Glutamate uptake system Kronemeyer, W. et al.
"Structure of the g1uABCD cluster encoding the gluD glutamate uptake system of Corynebacterium glutamicum," J. Bacterio!, 177(5):1152-1158(1995) X81379 dapE Succinyldiaminopimelate desuccinylase Wehrmann, A. et al.
"Analysis of different DNA fragments of Corynebacterium glutamicum complementing dapE of Escherichia coli,"
Microbiology, 40:3349-56 (1994) Table 2 continued X8206I 16S rDNA 16S ribosomal RNA Ruimy, R. et al. "Phylogeny of the genus Corynebacterium deduced from analyses of small-subunit ribosomal DNA sequences," lnt. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 45(4):740-746 (1995) X82928 asd; lysC Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase; ? Serebrijski, I. et al. "Multicopy suppression by asd gene and osmotic stress-dependent complementation by heterologous proA in proA mutants," J.
Bacteriol., 177(24):7255-7260 (1995) X82929 proA Gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase Serebrijski, I. et al.
"Multicopy suppression by asd gene and osmotic stress-dependent complementation by heterologous proA in proA mutants," J.
Bacteriol., 177(24):7255-7260 (1995) X84257 16S rDNA 16S ribosomal RNA Pascual, C. et al. "Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Corynebacterium based on 16S rRNA gene sequences," /nt. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 45(4):724-728 (1995) X85965 aroP; dapE Aromatic amino acid pennease; ? Wehrmann et al. "Functional analysis of sequences adjacent to dapE of C.
glutamicum proline reveals the presence of aroP, which encodes the aromatic amino acid ttansporter,"J. Bacteriol., 177(20):5991-5993 (1995) rv X86157 argB; argC; argD; Acetylglutamate kinase; N-acetyl-gamma- Sakanyan, V.
et al. "Genes and enzymes of the acetyl cycle of arginine o"'o argF; argJ glutamyl-phosphate reductase; biosynthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum: enzyme evolution in the early N
acetylornithine aminotransferase; ornithine steps of the arginine pathway,"
Microbiology, 142:99-108 (1996) carbamoyltransferase; glutamate N-acetyltransferase . o X89084 pta; ackA Phosphate acetyltransferase; acetate kinase Reinscheid, D.J.
et al. "Cloning, sequence analysis, expression and inactivation 00 of the Corynebacterium glutamicum pta-ack operon encoding ~i phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase," Microbiology, 145:503-513 (1999) L
,"
X89850 attB Attachment site Le Marrec, C. et al. "Genetic characterization of site-specific integration ~~"
õ
functions of phi AAU2 infecting "Arthrobacter aureus C70," J. Bacteriol., 178(7):1996-2004 (1996) X90356 Promoter fragment Fl Patek, M. et al. "Promoters from Corynebacterium glutamicum: c oning, molecular analysis and search for a consensus motif," Microbiology, 142:1297-1309 (1996) X90357 Promoter fiig-ment F2 Patek, M. et al. "Promoters from Corynebacterium glutamicum: cloning, molecular analysis and search for a consensus motif," Microbiology, 142:1297-1309 (1996) X90358 Promoter fragment F!0 Patek, M. et al. "Promoters from Corynebacterium glutainicum: cloning, molecular analysis and search for a consensus motif," Microbiology, 142:1297-1309(1996) X90359 Promoter fragment F13 Patek, M. et al. "Promoters from Corynebacterium glutamicum: cloning, molecular analysis and search for a consensus motif," Microbiologf;
142:1297-1309(1996) Table 2 continued X90360 Promoter fragment F22 Patek, M. et at. "Promoters from Corynebacterium glutamicum: cloning, molecular analysis and search for a consensus motif," Microbiology, 142:1297-1309(1996) X90361 Promoter fragment F34 Patek, M. et al. "Promoters from Corynebacterium glutamicum: cloning, molecular analysis and search for a consensus motif," Microbiology, 142:1297-1309(1996) X90362 Promoter fragment F37 Patek, M. et al. "Promoters from C. glutamicum:
cloning, molecular analysis and search for a consensus motif," Microbiology, 142:1297-1309 (1996) X90363 Promoter fragment F45 Patek, M. et al. "Promoters from Corynebacterium glutamicum: cloning, molecular analysis and search for a consensus motif," Microbiology, 142:1297-1309(1996) X90364 Promoter fragment F64 Patek, M. et al. "Promoters from Corynebacterium glutamicum: cloning, molecular analysis and search for a consensus motif," Microbiology, o 142:1297-1309(1996) X90365 Promoter fragment F75 Patek, M. et al. "Promoters from Corynebacterium glutamicum: cloning, ~
molecular analysis and search for a consensus motif," Microbiology, 142:1297-1309 (1996) = 00 X90366 Promoter fragment PF101 Patek, M. et al. "Promoters from Corynebacterium glutamicum: cloning, molecular analysis and search for a consensus motif," Microbiology, 142:1297-1309 (1996) 00 -.3 X90367 Promoter fragment PF104 Patek, M. et al. "Promoters from Corynebacterium glutamicum: cloning, o molecular analysis and search for a consensus motif," Microbiology, ~' 142:1297-1309 (1996) Ln X90368 Promoter fragment PF 109 Patek, M. et a."Promoters from Corynebacterium glutamicum: cloning, molecular analysis and search for a consensus motif," Microbiology, 142:1297-1309(1996) X93513 amt Ammonium transport system Siewe, R.M. et al. "Functional and genetic characterization of the (methyl) ammonium uptake carrier of Corynebacterium glutamicum," J. Biol. Chem., 271(10):5398-5403 (1996) X93514 betP Glycine betaine transport system Peter, H. et al. "Isolation, characterization, and expression of the Corynebacterium glutamicum betP gene, encoding the transport system for the compatible solute glycine betaine," J. BQc[eriol., 178(17):5229-5234 (1996) X95649 orf4 Patek, M. et al. "Identification and transcriptional analysis of the dapB-ORF2-dapA-ORF4 operon of Corynebacterium glutamicum, encoding two enzymes involved in L-Iysine synthesis," Biotechnol. Lett., 19: (113-1117 (1997) X96471 lysE; IysG Lysine exporter protein; Lysine export Vrljic, M. et al. "A
new type of transporter with a new type of cellular regulator protein function: L-lysine export from Corynebacterium glutamicum,"
Mol.
Microbiol., 22(5):815-826 (1996) Table 2 (continued) X96580 panB; panC; xylB 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate Sahm, H. et al. "D-pantothenate synthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum and hydroxymethyltransferase; pantoate-beta- use of panBC and genes encoding L-valine synthesis for D-pantothenate alanine ligase; xylulokinase overproduction," Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65(5):1973-1979 (1999) X96962 Insertion sequence IS 1207 and transposase X99289 Elongation factor P Ramos, A. et al. "Cloning, sequencing and expression of the gene encoding elongation factor P in the amino-acid producer Brevibacterium lactofermentum (Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13869)," Gene, 198:217-222 (1997) Yo0140 thrB Homoserine kinase Mateos, L.M. et al. "Nucleotide sequence of the homoserine kinase (thrB) gene of the Brevibacterium lactofermentum," Nucleic Acids Res., 15(9):3922 (1987) Y00151 ddh Meso-diaminopimelate D-dehydrogenase Ishino, S. et al. "Nucleotide sequence of the meso-diaminopimelate D-(EC 1.4.1.16) dehydrogenase gene from Corynebacterium glutamicum," Nucleic Acids Res., r v 15(9):3917 (1987) ~
Y00476 thrA Homoserine dehydrogenase Mateos, L.M. et al. "Nucleotide sequence of the homoserine dehydrogenase N
(thrA) gene of the Brevibacterium lactofermentum," Nucleic Acids Res., 15(24):10598 (1987) Y00546 hom; thrB Homoserine dehydrogenase; homoserine Peoples, O.P. et al. "Nucleotide sequence and fine structural analysis of the , - o kinase Corynebacterium glutamicum hom-thrB operon," Mol. Microbiol., 2(1):63-(1988) Y08964 murC; ftsQ/divD; ftsZ UPD-N-acetylmuramate-alanine ligase; Honrubia, M.P. et al. "Identification, characterization, and chromosomal L i"
division initiation protein or cell division organization of the ftsZ gene from Brevibacterium lactofermentum," Mol. Gen. F"
Ln protein; cell division protein Genet., 259(1):97-104 (1998) Y09163 putP High affinity proline transport system Peter, H. et al. "Isolation of the putP gene of Corynebacterium glutamicumproline and characterization of a low-affinity uptake system for compatible solutes," Arch. Microbiol., 168(2):143-151 (1997) Y09548 pyc Pyruvate carboxylase Peters-Wendisch, P.G. et al. "Pyruvate carboxylase from Corynebacterium glutamicum: characterization, expression and inactivation of the pyc gene,"
Microbiology, 144:915-927 (1998) Y09578 leuB 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase Patek, M. et al. "Analysis of the leuB gene from Corynebacterium glutam icum," App1. Microbiol. Biorechnol., 50( I):42-47 (1998) Y12472 Attachment site bacteriophage Phi-l6 Moreau, S. et al. "Site-specific integration of corynephage Phi-16: The construction of an integration vector," Microbiol., 145:539-548 (1999) Y 12537 proP Proline/ectoine uptake system protein Peter, H. et al.
"Corynebacterium glutamicum is equipped with four secondary carriers for compatible solutes: Identification, sequencing, and characterization of the proline/ectoine uptake system, ProP, and the ectoinelproline/glycine betaine carrier, EctP," J. Bacteriol., 180(22):6005-6012 (1998) Table 2 continued Y13221 ginA Glutamine synthetase I Jakoby, M. et at. "Isolation of Corynebacterium glutamicum g1nA gene encoding glutamine synthetase I," FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 154(1):81-88 (1997) Y16642 lpd Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Y18059 Attachment site Corynephage 304L Moreau, S. et al. "Analysis of the integration functions of φ304L: An integrase module among corynephages," Virology, 255(1):150-159 (1999) Z21501 argS; lysA Arginyl-tRNA synthetase; diaminopimelate Oguiza, J.A. et al.
"A gene encoding arginyl-tRNA synthetase is located in the decarboxylase (partial) upstream region of the lysA gene in Brevibacterium lactofermentum:
Regulation of argS-lysA cluster expression by arginine," J.
Bacteriol.,175(22):7356-7362 (1993) Z21502 dapA; dapB Dihydrodipicolinate synthase; Pisabarro, A. et al. "A
cluster of three genes (dapA, orf2, and dapB) of dihydrodipicolinate reductase Brevibacterium lactofermentum encodes dihydrodipicolinate reductase, and a third polypeptide of unknown function," J. Bacteriol., 175(9):2743-2749 (1993) .
Z29563 thrC Threonine synthase Malumbres, M. et al. "Analysis and expression of the thrC gene of the encoded threonine synthase," Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60(7)2209-2219 (1994) Z46753 16S rDNA Gene for 16S ribosomal RNA -.3 r Z49822 sigA SigA sigma factor Oguiza, J.A. et al "Multiple sigma factor genes in Brevibacterium N

lactofermentum: Characterization of sigA and sigB," J. Bacteriol., 178(2):550-553 (1996) Z49823 galE; dtxR Catalytic activity UDP-galactose 4- Oguiza, J.A. et al "The galE gene encoding the UDP-galactose 4-epimerase of oo epimerase; diphtheria toxin regulatory Brevibacterium lactofermentum is coupled transcriptionally to the dmdR
o protein gene," Gene, 177:103-107 (1996) cn Z49824 orfl; sigB ?; SigB sigma factor Oguiza, J.A. et al "Multiple sigma factor genes in Brevibacterium ~
lactofermentum: Characterization of sigA and sigB," J. Bacteriol., 178(2):550-553 (1996) Z66534 Transposase Correia, A. et al. "Cloning and characterization of an IS-like element present in the genome of Brevibacterium lactofermentum ATCC 13869," Gene, 170(1):91-94 (1996) 'A sequence for this gene was published in the indicated reference. However, the sequence obtained by the inventors of the present application is significantly longer than the published version. It is believed that the published version relied on an incorrect start codon, and thus represents only a fragment of the actual coding region.

TABLE 3: Corynebacteritun and Brevibacterium Strains Which May be Used in the Practice of the Invention G" e e's'~ := C. =~ ~;~E ,:a~C~'= ~ S' Brevibacterium ammoniagenes 21054 Brevibacterium ammoniagenes 19350 Brevibacterium ammoniagenes 19351 Brevibacterium ammoniagenes 19352 Brevibacterium ammoniagenes 19353 Brevibacterium ammoniagenes 19354 Brevibacterium ammoniagenes 19355 Brevibacterium ammoniagenes 19356 Brevibacterium ammoniagenes 21055 Brevibacterium ammoniagenes 21077 Brevibacterium ammoniagenes 21553 Brevibacterium ammoniagenes 21580 Brevibacterium ammoniagenes 39101 Brevibacterium butanicum 21196 Brevibacterium divaricatum 21792 P928 Brevibacterium flavum 21474 Brevibacterium flavum 21129 Brevibacterium flavum 21518 Brevibacterium flavum B11474 Brevibacterium flavum B 11472 Brevibacterium flavum 21127 Brevibacterium flavum 21128 Brevibacterium flavum 21427 Brevibacterium flavum 21475 Brevibacterium flavum 21517 Brevibacterium flavum 21528 Brevibacterium flavum 21529 Brevibacterium flavum B11477 Brevibacterium flavum B 11478 Brevibacterium flavum 21127 Brevibacterium flavum B 11474 Brevibacterium healii 15527 Brevibacterium ketoglutamicum 21004 Brevibacterium ketoglutamicum 21089 Brevibacterium ketosoreductum 21914 Brevibacterium lactofermentum 70 Brevibacterium lactofermentum 74 Brevibacterium lactofermentum 77 Brevibacterium lactofermentum 21798 Brevibacterium lactofermentum 21799 Brevibacterium lactofermentum 21800 Brevibacterium lactofennentum 21801 Brevibacterium lactofermentum BI1470 Brevibacterium lactofermentum B11471 , ' .

Geuus sPc~es ATM FERM 'NRRti. CECT.a!TCIMB CBS.!: NCTC _I1SM,.Z
Brevibacterium lactofermentum 21086 Brevibacterium lactofermentum 21420 Brevibacterium lactofermentum 21086 Brevibacterium lactofermentum 31269 Brevibacterium linens 9174 Brevibacterium linens 19391 Brevibacterium linens 8377 Brevibacterium paraffinolyticum 11160 Brevibacterium spec. 717.73 Brevibacterium spec. 717.73 Brevibacterium spec. 14604 Brevibacterium spec. 21860 Brevibacterium spec. 21864 Brevibacterium spec. 21865 Brevibacterium spec. 21866 Brevibacterium spec. 19240 Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum 21476 Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum 13870 Corynebacterium acetoglutamicum B 11473 Corynebacterium acetoglutamicum B 11475 Corynebacterium acetoglutamicum 15806 Corynebacterium acetoglutamicum 21491 Corynebacterium acetoglutamicum 31270 Corynebacterium acetophilum B3671 Corynebacterium ammoniagenes 6872 2399 Corynebacterium ammoniagenes 15511 Corynebacterium fujiokense 21496 Corynebacterium glutamicum 14067 Corynebacterium glutamicum 39137 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21254 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21255 Corynebacterium glutamicum 31830 Corynebacterium glutamicum 13032 Corynebacterium glutamicum 14305 Corynebacterium glutamicum 15455 Corynebacterium glutamicum 13058 Corynebacterium glutamicum 13059 Corynebacterium glutamicum 13060 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21492 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21513 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21526 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21543 Corynebacterium glutamicum 13287 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21851 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21253 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21514 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21516 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21299 ianus -',1VRR' kCECl' NT!B rCB E- N}CTG iDS1VLZ
Corynebacterium glutamicum 21300 Corynebacterium glutamicum 39684 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21488 Corynebacterium glutarnicum 21649 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21650 Corynebacterium glutamicum 19223 Corynebacterium glutamicum 13869 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21157 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21158 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21159 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21355 Corynebacterium glutamicum 31808 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21674 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21562 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21563 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21564 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21565 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21566 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21567 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21568 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21569 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21570 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21571 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21572 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21573 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21579 Corynebacterium glutamicum 19049 Corynebacterium glutamicum 19050 Corynebacterium glutamicum 19051 Corynebacterium glutamicum 19052 Corynebacterium glutamicum 19053 Corynebacterium glutamicum 19054 Corynebacterium glutamicum 19055 Corynebacterium glutamicum 19056 Corynebacterium glutamicum 19057 Corynebacterium glutamicum 19058 Corynebacterium glutamicum 19059 Corynebacterium glutamicum 19060 Corynebacterium glutamicum 19185 Corynebacterium glutamicum 13286 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21515 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21527 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21544 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21492 Corynebacterium glutamicum B8183 Corynebacterium glutamicum B8182 Corynebacterium glutamicum B12416 Corynebacterium glutamicum B12417 Gentis spec es TC ER,~t Cn NCI~VIB C,BS .~(G'~ ;~D$MZI
Corynebacterium glutamicum B12418 Corynebacterium glutamicum B11476 Corynebacterium glutamicum 21608 Corynebacterium lilium P973 Corynebacterium nitrilophilus 21419 11594 Corynebacterium spec. P4445 Corynebacterium spec. P4446 Corynebacterium spec. 31088 Corynebacterium spec. 31089 Corynebacterium spec. 31090 Corynebacterium spec. 31090 Corynebacterium spec. 31090 Corynebacterium spec. 15954 20145 Corynebacterium spec. 21857 Corynebacterium spec. 21862 Corynebacterium spec. 21863 ATCC: American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD, USA
FERM: Fermentation Research Institute, Chiba, Japan NRRL: ARS Culture Collection, Northem Regional Research Laboratory, Peoria, IL, USA
CECT: Coleccion Espanola de Cultivos Tipo, Valencia, Spain NCIMB: National Collection of Industrial and Marine Bacteria Ltd., Aberdeen, UK
CBS: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn, NL
NCTC: National Collection of Type Cultures, London, UK
DSMZ: Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany For reference see Sugawara, H. et al. (1993) World directory of collections of cultures of microorganisms: Bacteria, fungi and yeasts (4'h edn), World federation for culture collections world data center on microorganisms, Saimata, Japen.

Table 4: Alignment Results tD N ler h Genbank Hit Length Accession Name of Genbank Hit Source of Genbank Hit % homofogy Date of NLTj GAP Deposit rxa00013 996 GB_GSS4AQ713475 581 AQ713475 HS_5402_B2_A12 T7A RPCI-1 1 Human Male BAC Library Homo sapiens Honio sapiens 37,148 13-Jui-99 genomic clone Plate=978 Co1=24 Row=B, genomic survey sequence.
GB_HTG3AC007420 130583 AC007420 Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 2 clone BACR07M10 (13630) RPCI-98 Drosophila melanogaster 34,568 20Sep-99 07.M.10 map 24A-24D strain y; cn bw sp, "' SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS
"', 83 unordered pieces.
GB HTG3:AC007420 130583 AC007420 Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 2 clone BACR07M10 (0630) RPCI-98 Drosophila rnelanogaster 34,568 20-Sep-99 07.M.10 map 24A-24D strain y; cn bw sp, "= SEQUENCING IN
PROGRESS"", 83 unordered pieces.
nca00014 903 GB_BAI:MTCY3A2 25830 Z83867 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 136/162. Mycobacterium 58,140 17-Jun-98 tubercuiosis GB_BAI:MLCB1779 43254 Z98271 Mycobacterium leprae cosmid B1779. Mycobacterium leprae 57.589 8-Aug-97 GBBAI:SAPURCLUS 9120 X92429 S.alboniger napH, pur7, pur10, pur6, pur4, pur5 and pur3 genes. Streptomyces anuiatus 55,667 28-Feb-96 0 rxa00030 513 GB_EST21:C89713 767 C89713 C89713 Dictyostelium discoideum SS
(H.Urushihara) Dictyostelium discoideum Dictyosteiium discoideum 45,283 20-Apr-98 Lr, cDNA clone SSG229, mRNA sequenoe. D
.3 GBEST28:AI497294 484 A1497294 fb63g03.y1 Zebrafish WashU MPIMG EST Danio rerio cDNA 5' similar to Danio rerio 42,991 11-MAR-1999 SW:AFP4_MYOOC P80961 ANTIFREEZE PROTEIN LS-12. ;, mRNA o ao sequence. o N
GB_EST21:C92167 637 C92167 C92167 Dictyostelium discoideum SS (H.Urushihara) Dictyostelium discoideum Dictyostelium discoideum 44,444 12-Jul-99 cDNA clone SSD179, mRNA sequence. -.3 rxa00032 1632 GB_BA2AF010496 189370 AF010496 Rhodobacter capsulatus strain SB1003, partial genome. Rhodobacter capsulatus 39,689 12-MAY-1998 0 Ln i GBBA2AF018073 9810 AF018073 Rhodobacter sphaeroides operon regulator (smoC), periplasmic sorbitol-binding Rhodobacter sphaeroides 48,045 22-OCT-1997 F"
Ln protein (smoE), sorbitol/mannitoi transport inner membrane protein (smoF), sorbitoVmannBol transport inner membrane protein (smoG), sorbitol/mannitol transport ATP-binding transport protein (smoK), sorbitol dehydrogenase (smoS), mannitol dehydrogenase (mtlK), and peripiasmic mannitol-binding protein (smoM) genes, complete cds.
GB BA2AF045245 5930 AF045245 Klebsieila pneumoniae D-arabinitol transporter (dalT), D-arabinitol kinase Klebsieila pneumoniae 38,514 16-Jul-98 (dalK), 0-arabinitol dehydrogenase (dal0), and repressor (daIR) genes, complete cds.
nca00041 1342 EM PAT:E11760 6911 E11760 Base sequence of sucrase gene.
Corynebaderium 99,031 08-0CT-1997 glutamicum (Rel. 52, Created) GB PAT:126124 6911 126124 Sequence 4 from patent US 5556776. Unknown. 99.031 GB_INI:LMFL5883 31934 AL117384 Leishmania major Friedlin chromosome 23 cosmid L5883, complete sequence. Leishmania major 43,663 21-OCT-1999 nca0o042 882 EM_PAT:E11760 6911 E11760 Base sequence of sucrase gene.
Corynebacterium 94,767 08-OCT-1997 glutamicum (Rel. 52, Created) G3_PAT:126124 6911 126124 Sequence 4 from patent US 5556776. Unknown. 94,767 Table 4 (continued) Gt3_INI:CEU33051 4899 U33051 Caenorhabditis elegans sur-2 mRNA, complete cds.
Caenorhabditis elegans 40,276 23-Jan-96 rxa00043 1287 GB_PAT:126124 6911 126124 Sequence 4 from patent US 5556776.
Unknown. 97,591 07-OCT-1996 EM_PAT:E11760 6911 E11760 Base sequence of sucrase gene. Corynebacterium 97,591 08-OCT-1997 glutamicum (Ret. 52, Created) GB PR3:AC005174 39769 AC005174 Homo sapiens clone UWGC:gt564a012 from 7p1415, complete sequence. Homo sapiens 35,879 24-Jun-98 nca00098 1743 GB_BAI:MSU88433 1928 U88433 Mycobacteriurn smegmatis phosphoglucose isomerase gene, complete cds. Mycobacterium smegmatis 62,658 19-Apr-97 GB_BA1:SC5A7 40337 AL031107 Streptomyces coelicolor cosmid 5A7. Streptomyces coelicolor 37,638 27-Jul-98 GB_BAI:MTCY10D7 39800 Z79700 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 44/162. Mycobacterium 36,784 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis rxa00148 2334 GB BAI:MTCY277 38300 Z79701 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 65/162. Mycobacterium 67,457 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB_BA1:MSGY456 37316 A0000001 Mycobacterium tuberculosis sequence from clone y456. Mycobacterium 40,883 03 DEC 1996 tuberculosis GB_BAI:MSGY175 18106 AD000015 Mycobacterium tuberculosis sequence from clone y175. Mycobacterium 67,457 10-DEC-1996 tuberculosis L' ao rxa00149 1971 GB_BAI:MSGY456 37316 AD000001 Myoobacterium tuberculosis sequence from clone y456. Mycobacterium 35,883 03-DEC-1996 -.3 tuberculosis ip N
GB_BAI:MSGY175 18106 AD000015 Mycobacterium tuberculosis sequence from clone y175. Mycobacterium 51,001 10-DEC-1996 ro tuberculosis GB BAI:MTCY277 38300 Z79701 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 65/162. Mycobacterium 51,001 17-Jun-98 .3 tuberculosis rxa00195 684 GB_BAI:MTCY274 39991 Z74024 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segnient 126/162. Mycobacterium 35,735 19-Jun-98 ci, tuberculosis F, GB_BAI:MSGB1529CS 36985 L78824 Mycobacterium leprae cosmid B1529 DNA sequence.
Mycobacterium leprae 57,014 15-Jun-96 L''' GB BA1:MTCY274 39991 Z74024 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 126/162. Mycobacterium 41.892 19-Jun-98 tuberculosis nca00196 738 GB_BAI:MTCY274 39991 Z74024 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 126/162. Mycobacterium 41,841 19-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB BAI:MTCY274 39991 Z74024 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 126/162. Mycobacterium 36,599 19-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB_RO:RATCBRQ 10752 M55532 Rat carbohydrate binding receptor gene, complete cds. Rattus norvegicus 36,212 27-Apr-93 rxa00202 1065 GB EST1 t:AA253618 313 AA25361 8 mv+95c10.r1 Soares mouse NML
Mus musculus cDNA clone IMAGE:678450 5', Mus musculus 38,816 13-MAR-1997 mRNA sequence.
GB_EST26A1390284 490 A1390284 mw96a03.y1 Soares mouse NML Mus musculus cDNA
clone IMAGE:678508 5' Mus musculus 42,239 2-Feb-99 similar to TR:009171 009171 BETAINE-HOMOCYSTEINE
METHYLTRANSFERASE;, mRNA sequence.
G8_EST26A1390280 467 A1390280 mw95c10.y1l Soares mouse NML Mus musculus cDNA
Gone IMAGE:678450 Mus musculus 37,307 2-Feb-99 5', mRNA sequence.
rxa00206 1161 GB_BAI:MLCB637 44882 Z99263 Mycobacterium leprae cosmid B637.
Mycobacterium leprae 58,312 17-Sep-97 GB BAI:MTV012 70287 AL021287 Mycobacterfum tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 132/162. Mycobacterium 36,632 23-Jun-99 tuberculosis Table 4 (continued) GB BA1:SC6E10 23990 AL109661 Streptomyces coelicolor cosmid 6E10. Streptomyces coelicolor 38,616 5-Aug-99 A3(2) nca00224 1074 GB BAI:BJU32230 1769 U32230 Bradyrhizobium japonicum electron transfer flavoprotein small subunit (etfS) nd Bradyrhizobium japonicum 48,038 large subunit (etfL) genes, complete cds.
GB BAI:PDEETFAB 2440 L14864 Paracoccus denitrificans electron transfer flavoprotein alpha and beta subunit Paracoccus denitriflcans 48,351 27-OCT-genes, complete cds's.
GB_HTG3AC009689 177954 AC009689 Homo sapiens chromosome 4 clone 104_F_7 map 4, LOW-PASS SEQUENCE Homo sapiens 38,756 28-Aug-99 SAMPLING.
rxa00225 909 GB RO:AF060178 2057 AF060178 Mus musculus heparan sulfate 2-sulfotransferase (Hs2st) mRNA, complete cds.Mus musculus 39,506 18-Jun-98 GB GSSII:AQ325043 734 AQ325043 mgxb0020J01 r CUGI Rice Blast BAC Library Magnaporthe grisea genomic Magnaporthe grisea 38,333 8-Jan-99 clone mgxb0020J01 r, genomic survey sequence.
GB EST31 A1676413 551 A1676413 etmEST0167 EtH1 Eimeria tenella cDNA clone etmc074 5', mRNA sequence. Eimeria tenella 35,542 19-MAY-1999 rca00235 1398 GB BA1:MTCY10G2 38970 Z92539 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 47/162. Mycobacterium 65,759 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB_BA2AF061753 3721 AF061753 Nitrosomonas europaea CTP synthase (pyrG) gene, partial cds; and enolase Nitrosomonas europaea 58,941 31-Aug-98 cLno (eno) gene, complete cds. -.3 GB_BA2:AF086791 37867 AF086791 Zymomonas mobilis strain ZM4 clone 67E10 carbamoylphosphate synthetase Zymomonas mobilis 61,239 4-Nov-98 ~p N
ao small subunit (carA), carbamaylphosphate synthetase large subunk (carB), transcription elongation factor (greA), enolase (eno), pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha subunit (pdhA), pyruvate dehydrogenase beta subunit (pdhB), o ribonuclease H(mh), homoserine kinase homolog, alcohol dehydrogenase 11 (adhB), and excinuclease ABC subunit A (uvrA) genes, complete cds; L, and unknown genes.
N
rxa00246 1158 GB BA2:AF012550 2690 AF012550 Acinetobacter sp. BD413 ComP
(comP) gene, complete cds. Acinetobacter sp. B0413 53,726 27-Sep-99 L"
GB PAT:E03856 1506 E03856 gDNA encoding alcohol dehydrogenase. Bacillus 51,688 29-Sep-97 stearotherrnophilus GB BAI:BACADHT 1688 D90421 8.stearothermophilus adhT gene for alcohol dehydrogenase. Bacillus 51,602 7-Feb-99 stearothermophilus rxa00251 831 GB BA1:MTCY20G9 37218 Z77162 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 25/162. Mycobacterium 42,875 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB_BAI:MTVOD4 69350 AL009198 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 144/162. Mycobacterium 40,380 18-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB BAi:MTV004 69350 AL009198 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 144/162. Mycobacterium 41,789 18Jun-98 tuberculosis rxa00288 1134 GB BA2AF050114 1038 AF050114 Pseudomonas sp. W7 alginate lyase gene, complete orls. Pseudomonas sp. W7 49,898 03-MAR-1999 GB_GSS3:B16984 469 B16984 344A14.TVC CIT978SKAI Homo sapiens genomic Gone A-344A14, genomic Homo sapiens 39,355 4-Jun-98 survey sequence.
GB_IN2:AF144549 7887 AF144549 Aedes albopictus ribosomal protein L34 (rp134) gene, complete cds. Aedes albopictus 36,509 3-Jun-99 rxa00293 1035 GB EST1:T28483 313 T28483 EST46182 Human Kidney Homo sapiens cDNA 3' end similar to ftavin- Homo sapiens 42,997 6-Sep-95 containing monooxygenase 1(HT:1956), mRNA sequence.

Table 4 (continued) GB PRI:HUMFMOI 2134 M64082 Human flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO1) mRNA, complete cds. Homo sapiens 37,915 8-Nov-94 GB EST32:A1734238 512 A1734238 zb73c05.y5 Soares tetal Iung NbHL19W Homo sapiens cDNA done Homo sapiens 41,502 14-Jun-99 IMAGE:309224 5' similar to gb:M64082 DIMETHYLANtLINE
MONOOXYGENASE (HUMAN);, mRNA sequence.
rxa00296 2967 GB_HTG6AC011069 168266 AC011069 Drosophila melanogaster chromosome X clone BACR1 1 H20 (0881) RPCt-98 Drosophila melanogaster 33,890 11,H.20 map 12B-12C strain y; cn bw sp, "' SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS
~=, 92 unordered pieces.
GB ESTI5:AA531468 414 AA531468 nj63d12.s1 NCI CGAP Pr10 Homo sapiens cDNA done IMAGE:997175, Homo sapiens 40,821 20-Aug-97 mRNA sequence.
GB HTG6:AC011069 168266 AC011069 Drosophila melanogaster chromosome X clone BACR11H20 (D881) RPCI-98 Drosophila melanogaster 30,963 02-DEC-1999 11.1-1.20 map 1213-12C strain y; cn bw sp, "' SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS
92 unordered pieces.
rxa00310 558 GB VI:VMVY16780 186986 Y16780 variola minor virus complete genome. variola minor virus 35,883 2-Sep-99 GBVI:VARCG 186103 L22579 Variola major virus (strain Bangladesh-1975) complete genome. Variola major virus 34,664 12-Jan-95 GB__VI:WCGAA 185578 X69198 Variola virus DNA complete genome. Variola virus 36,000 13-DEC-1996 nca00317 777 GB_HTG3AC009571 159648 AC009571 Homo sapiens chromosome 4 clone 57 A22 map 4, ' SEQUENCING IN Homo sapiens 36,988 29-Sep-99 noi PROGRESS ===, 8 unordered pieces. L'' ro GB HTG3:AC009571 159648 AC009571 Homo sapiens chromosome 4 clone 57 A 22 map 4, "' SEQUENCING IN Homo sapiens 36,988 29-Sep-99 -.3 PROGRESS ===, 8 unordered pieces.
GB_PR3:AC005697 174503 AC005697 Homo sapiens chromosome 17, clone hRPK.138 P
22, complete sequence. Homo sapiens 36,340 09-OCT-1998 w D
nca00327 507 GB_BAI:LCATPASEB 1514 X64542 L.casei gene for ATPase beta-subunit. Lactobacillus casei 34,664 11-DEC-1992 GB_BAI:LCATPASEB 1514 X64542 L.casei gene for ATPase beta-subunit.
Ladobacillus casei 39,308 11-DEC-1992 .3 nca00328 615 GB_BAI:STYPUTPE 1887 L01138 Salmonella (S2980) proline permease (putP) gene, 5' end. SalmoneBa sp. 39,623 09-MAY-1996 Lr, GB_BAI:STYPUTPF 1887 L01139 Salnronella (S2983) proline permease (putP) gene, 5' end. Salmonella sp. 39,623 09-MAY-1996 Ln GB_BA1:STYPUTPI 1889 L01142 Salmonella (S3015) proline pemiease (putP) gene, 5' end. Salmonella sp. 42,906 09-MAY-1996 rxa00329 1347 GB PR3AC004691 141990 AC004691 Homo sapiens PAC clone DJ0740D02 from 7p14-p15, complete sequence. Homo sapiens 38,142 16-MAY-1998 GB PR4AC004916 129014 AC004916 Homo sapiens clone DJ0891L14, complete sequence. Homo sapiens 38,549 17JuI-99 GB_PR3ACD04691 141990 AC004691 Homo sapiens PAC cione DJ0740D02 from 7p14-p15, complete sequence. Homo sapiens 35,865 16-MAY-1998 rxa00340 1269 GB_BAI:MTCY427 38110 Z70692 Mycobaderfum tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 991162. Mycobaderium 38,940 24-Jun-99 tuberculosis GB G3S12:AQ412290 238 AQ412290 RPCI-11-195H2.TV RPCI-11 Homo sapiens genomic clone RPCI-11-195H2, Homo sapiens 36,555 23-MAR-1999 genomic survey sequence.
GB_PL2AF1 12871 2394 AF112871 Astasia longa small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence. Astasia longa 36,465 28Jun-99 rxa00379 307 GB_HTGI:CEY56A3 224746 AL022280 Caenorhabditis elegans chromosome III done Y56A3, "' SEQUENCING IN Caenorhabditis elegans 35,179 6-Sep-99 PROGRESS "", in unordered pieces.
GB_HTG1:CEY56A3 224746 AL022280 Caenorhabditis elegans chromosome III clone Y56A3, "- SEQUENCING IN Caenorhabditis elegans 35,179 6-Sep-99 PROGRESS'"', in unordered pieces.

Table 4 (continued) GB PR2:HS134019 86897 AL034555 Human DNA sequence from clone 134019 on chromosome 1p36.11-36.33, Homo sapiens 40,604 23-Nov-99 complete sequence.
nca00381 729 GB_GSS4AQ730532 416 AQ730532 HS_2148 A1 C06_T7C CIT Approved Human Genomic Spenn Library D Homo sapiens 35,766 15-Jul-99 Homo sapiens genomic clone Plate=2149 CoI=11 Row=E, genomic survey sequence.
GB EST23A1120939 561 A1120939 ub74f05.r1 Soares mouse mammary gland NMLMG Mus musculus cDNA clone Mus musculus 41,113 2-Sep-98 IMAGE:1383489 5' similar to gb:J04046 CALMODULIN (HUMAN); gb:M19381 Mouse calmodulin (MOUSE);, mRNA sequence.
GB EST23AI120939 561 A1120939 ub74f05.r1 Soares mouse mammary gland NMLMG Mus musculus cDNA clone Mus musculus 41,113 2Sep-98 IMAGE:1383489 5' similar to gb:J04046 CALMODULIN (HUMAN); gb:M19381 Mouse calmodulin (MOUSE);, mRNA sequence.
rxa00385 362 GB_EST32:AI726450 565 A1726450 BNLGHi5857 Six-day Cotton fiber Gossypium hirsutum cDNA 5' similar to Gossypium hirsutum 41,152 11-Jun-99 (AF015913) Skb1Hs (Homo sapiens), mRNA sequence.
GB GSS4:AQ740856 768 AQ740856 HS 2274 A2 A07T7C CIT Approved Human Genomic Sperm Library D Homo sapiens 41,360 16-Jul-99 Homo sapiens genomic clone Plate=2274 CoI=14 Rovr=A, genomic survey sequence. r v GB PRI:HSPAIP 1587 X91809 H.sapiens mRNA for GAIP protein. Homo sapiens 36,792 29-MAR-1996 0Ln0 -.3 N
nca00388 1134 GB 8A1:MTY25D1O 40838 Z95558 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 28/162. Mycobacterium 51,852 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB_BAI:MSGY224 40051 AD0o0004 Mycobacterium tuberculosis sequence from clone y224. Mycobaderium 51,852 03-DEC-1996 0 tuberculosis -.3 GB HTGI:AP000471 72466 AP000471 Homo sapiens chromosome 21 clone B2308H15 map 21q22.3, Homo sapiens 36,875 13-Sep-99 SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS "', in unordered pieces. Ln rxa00427 909 GB_BAI:MSGY126 37164 AD000012 Myoobacterium tuberculosis sequenoe from done y126. Mycobacterium 60,022 10-DEC-1996 F., tuberculosis L' GB SAI:MTY13D12 37085 Z80343 Mycobaderium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 156/162. Mycobacterium 60,022 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB_HTGI:CEY48C3 270193 Z92855 Caenorhabditis elegans chromosome II clone Y48C3, =" SEQUENCING IN Caenorhabditis elegans 28,013 29-MAY-1999 PROGRESS ===, in unordered pieces.
nca00483 1587 GB PR2:HSAF001550 173882 AF001550 Homo sapiens chromosome 16 BAC
clone CIT987SK-334D11 complete Horno sapiens 38,226 22-Aug-97 sequence.
GB BA1:LLCPJW565 12828 Y12736 Lactocoocus lactis cremoris plasmid pJW565 DNA, abiiM, abiiR genes and Lactococcus lactis subsp. 37,492 01-MAR-1999 orlX. cremoris GB HTG2AC006754 206217 AC006754 Caenorhabditis elegans done Y40B10, ===
SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS ===, Caenorhabditis elegans 36,648 23-Feb-99 unordered pieces.
rxa00511 615 GB_PR3:HSE127C11 38423 Z74581 Human DNA sequence from cosmid E127C11 on chromosome 22q11.2-qter Homo sapiens 39,831 23-Nov-99 contains STS.

GB PR3:HSE127C11 38423 Z74581 Human DNA sequence from cosmid E127C11 on chromosome 22q11.2-qter Homo sapiens 36,409 23-Nov-99 contains STS.
nca00512 718 GB_BAI:MTCY22G8 22550 Z95585 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 49/162. Mycobacterium 56,232 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis Table 4 (continued) GB BA1:MSGLTA 1776 X60513 M.smegmatis gltA gene for citrate synthase.
Mycobacterium smegmatis 56,143 20-Sep-91 GB BA2:ECU73857 128824 U73857 Escherichia coli chromosome minutes 6-8.
Escherichia coli 48,563 14-Jul-99 rxa00517 1164 GB HTG2:AC006911 298804 AC006911 Caenorhabditis elegans clone Y94H6x, "' SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS Caenorhabditis elegans 37,889 24-Feb-99 15 unordered pieces.
GB_HTG2:AC006911 298804 AC006911 Caenorhabditis elegans done Y94H6x, "' SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS Caenorhabditis elegans 37,889 24-Feb-99 15 unordered pieces.
GB EST29:AI602158 481 A1602158 UI-R-AB0-vy-a-01-0-UI.s2 UI-R-ABO Rattus norvegicus cDNA clone UI-R-ABO- Rattus norvegicus 40,833 21-Apr-99 vy-a-01-0-UI 3', mRNA sequence.
nca00518 320 GB BA2:ECU73857 128824 U73857 Escherichia coli chromosome minutes 6-8. Escherichia coli 49,688 14-Jul-99 GB BA2:STU51879 8371 U51879 Salmonella typhimurium propionate catabolism operon: RpoN activator protein Salmonella typhimurium 50,313 5-Aug-99 homolog (prpR), carboxyphosphonoenolpyruvate phosphonomutase homolog (prpB), citrate synthase homolog (prpC), prpD and prpE genes, complete cds.
GB BA2AE000140 12498 AE000140 Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 section 30 of 400 of the complete genome. Escherichia coli 49,688 12-Nov-98 0 nca00606 2378 GB_EST32AU068253 376 AU068253 AU068253 Rice callus Oryza sativa cDNA clone C12658 9A, mRNA sequence. Oryza sativa 41.333 7-Jun-99 Lõ

-.3 GB EST13.AA363046 329 AA363046 ES772922 Ovary 11 Homo sapiens cDNA 5' end, mRNA sequence. Homo sapiens 34,347 21-Apr-97 N
GB_EST32AU068253 376 AU068253 AU068253 Rice callus Oryza sativa cDNA clone C12658 9A, mRNA sequence. Oryza sativa 41,899 7-Jun-99 00 ~ N
rxa00635 1860 GB BA1:PAORF1 1440 X13378 Pseudomonas amyloderamosa DNA for ORF
1. Pseudomonas 53,912 14-Jul-95 amyloderamosa .3 GB BAI:PAORF1 1440 X13378 Pseudomonas amyloderamosa DNA for ORF 1. Pseudomonas 54,422 14-Jul-95 amyloderamosa , L i n F"
rxa00679 1389 GB_PL2:AC010871 80381 AC010871 Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome III BAC T16011 genomic sequence, Arabidopsis thaliana 38,244 13-Nov-99 "' complete sequence.
GB PL1:AT81KBGEN 81493 X98130 A.thaliana 81kb genomic sequence. Arabidopsis thaliana 36,091 12aVIAR-1997 GB PL2:AC010871 80381 AC010871 Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome III BAC T16011 genomic sequence, Arabidopsis thaliana 37,135 13-Nov-99 complete sequence.
nca00680 441 GB PR3:AC004058 38400 AC004058 Homo sapiens chromosome 4 clone B241P19 map 4q25, complete sequence. Homo sapiens 36.165 30-Sep-98 GB PL1:AT81 KBGEN 81493 X98130 A.thaliana 81 kb genomic sequence. Arabidopsis thaliana 38,732 12-MAR-1997 GB PL1:AB026648 43481 AB026648 Arabidopsis thaliana genomic DNA, chromosome 3, Pt done: MU15, completeArabidopsis thaliana 38,732 07-MAY-1999 sequence.
nca00682 2022 GB HTG3:AC010325 197110 AC010325 Homo sapiens chromosome 19 clone CITB-E1 2568A17, === SEQUENCING IN Homo sapiens 37,976 15-Sep-99 PROGRESS "', 40 unordered pieces.
GS HTG3AC010325 197110 AC010325 Homo sapiens chromosome 19 Gone CITB-E7 2568A17, SEQUENCING IN Homo sapiens 37,976 15-Sep-99 PROGRESS "=, 40 unordered pieces.
GB_PR4:AC008179 181745 AC008179 Homo sapiens done NH0576F01, complete sequence. Homo sapiens 37,143 28-Sep-99 Table 4 (continued) rxa00683 1215 GB BA2:AE000896 10707 AE000896 Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum from bases 1189349 to 1200055 Methanobaderium 38,429 15-Nov-97 (section 102 of 148) of the complete genome. thermoautotrophicum GBIN1:DMBR7A4 212734 AL109630 Drosophila melanogaster done BACR7A4. Drosophila melanogaster 36,454 30-Jul-99 GB__EST35:AV163010 273 AV163010 AV163010 Mus musculus head C57BU6J 13-day embryo Mus musculus cDNA Mus musculus 41,758 8-Jul-99 done 3110006J22, mRNA sequenoe.
nca00686 927 GB HTG2:HSDJ137K2 190223 AL049820 Homo sapiens chromosome 6 clone RP1-137K2 map q25.1-25.3, "' Homo sapiens 38,031 03-DEC-1999 SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS "', in unordered pieces.
GB_HTG2:HSDJ137K2 190223 AL049820 Homo sapiens chromosome 6 clone RP1-137K2 map q25.1-25.3, "' Homo sapiens 38,031 03-DEC-1999 SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS ***, in unordered pieces.
GB_EST12:AA284399 431 AA284399 zs57b04.r1 NCI CGAP GCB1 Homo sapiens cDNA
clone IMAGE:701551 5', Homo sapiens 39,205 14-Aug-97 mRNA sequence.
rxaOO700 927 GB_EST34:A1785570 454 A1785570 uj44d03.xl Sugano mouse liver mlia Mus musculus cDNA clone Mus musculus 41,943 2-Jul-99 IMAGE:1922789 3' similar to gb:Z28407 60S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN L8 (HUMAN);, mRNA sequence.
GB EST25A1256147 684 AI256147 ui95e12.x1 Sugano mouse liver mlia Mus musculus cDNA clone Mus musculus 40,791 12-Nov-98 0 IMAGE:1890190 3' similar to gb:Z28407 60S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN L8 L,, (HUMAN);, mRNA sequenoe. ro .3 GB8A1:CARCGI2 2079 X14979 C. aurantiacus reaction center genes 1 and 2.
Chloroflexus aurantiacus 37,721 23-Apr-91 r nca00703 2409 GB_BA1:SC7H2 42655 AL109732 Streptomyces coelicolor cosmid 7H2.
Streptomyces coelicolor 56,646 2-Aug-99 A3(2) ~
GB_BA1:MTCY274 39991 Z74024 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 126/162. Mycobacterium 37,369 19-Jun-98 tuberculosis .3 GB_8A2:REU60056 2520 U60056 Ralstonia eutropha formate dehydrogenase-like protein (cbb8c) gene, complete Ralstonia eutropha 51,087 16-OCT-1996 cds. Ln nca00705 1038 GB GSS15:AQ604477 505 AQ604477 HS_2116 Bt G07 MR CIT Approved Human Genomic Sperrn Library D Homo Homo sapiens 39,617 10Jun-99 N
sapiens genomic clone Plate=2116 Co1=13 Row=N, genomic sunrey sequence. L"
GB_ESTII:AA224340 443 AA224340 zr14e07.s1 Stratagene hNT neuron (#937233) Homo sapiens cDNA clone Homo sapiens 35.129 11-MAR-1998 IMAGE:648804 3', mRNA sequence.
GB EST5:N30648 291 N30648 yw77b02.s1 Soares_placenta 9to9weeks_2NbHP8to9W Homo sapiens cONA Homo sapiens 43,986 5-Jan-96 clone IMAGE:258219 3', mRNA sequence.
rxa00782 1005 GB BAI:MTCY10D7 39800 Z79700 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 44/162. Mycobacterium 63,327 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB BAI:MLCL373 37304 AL035500 Mycobacterium leprae cosmid L373. Mycobacterium leprae 62,300 27-Aug-99 G8_BA2:AF128399 2842 AF128399 Pseudomonas aeruginosa succinyl-CoA synthetase beta subunit (sucC) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 53,698 25-MAR-1999 succinyl-CoA synthetase alpha subunit (suc0) genes, complete cds.
rxa00783 1395 GB_HTG2:AC008158 118792 AC008158 Homo sapiens chromosome 17 clone hRPK.42 F 20 map 17, Homo sapiens 35,135 28-Jul-99 SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS "', 14 unordered pieces.
GB HTG2AC008158 118792 AC008158 Homo sapiens chromosome 17 clone hRPK.42_F_20 map 17, Homo sapiens 35,135 28-Jul-99 SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS "', 14 unordered pieces.
GB PR3AC005017 137176 AC005017 Homo sapiens BAC done GS214N13 from 7p14-p15, complete sequence. Homo sapiens 35,864 8-Aug-98 nca00794 1128 GB_BAI:MTV017 67200 AL021897 Myoobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 48/162. Mycobacterium 40,331 24-Jun-99 tuberculosis Table 4 (continued) GB BAI:MLCB1222 34714 AL049491 Mycobacterium leprae cosmid B1222.
Mycobacterium leprae 61,170 27-Aug-99 GB_PR2:HS151B14 128942 Z82188 Human DNA sequence from clone 151B14 on chromosome 22 Contains Homo sapiens 37,455 16-Jun-99 SOMATOSTATIN RECEPTOR TYPE 3 (SS3R) gene,pseudogene similar to ribosomal protein L39,RAC2 (RAS-RELATED C3 BOTULINUM TOXIN
SUBSTRATE 2 (P21-RAC2)) gene ESTs, STSs, GSSs and CpG islands, complete sequence.
rxa00799 1767 GB_PL2:AF016327 616 AF016327 Hordeum vulgare Barperml (perml) mRNA, partial cds. Hordeum vulgare 41,311 01-OCT-1997 GB HTG2:HSDJ319M7 128208 AL079341 Homo sapiens chromosome 6 clone RP1-319M7 map p21.1-21.3, =" Homo sapiens 36,845 30-Nov-99 SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS "', in unordered pieces.
GB HTG2:HSDJ319M7 128208 AL079341 Homo sapiens chromosome 6 clone RP1-319M7 map p21.1-21.3, Homo sapiens 36,845 30-Nov-99 SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS "', in unordered pieces.
nca00800 1227 GB_BAI:MTV022 13025 AL021925 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 100/162. Mycobacterium 63,101 17.1un-98 tuberculosis GB BA1:AB019513 4417 AB019513 Streptomyces coelicolor genes for alcohoi dehydrogenase and ABC Streptomyces coelicolor 41,312 13-Nov-98 transporter, complete cds.
GB PLI:SCSFAARP 7008 X68020 S.cerevisiae SFA and ARP genes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae 36,288 29-Nov-94 r v Ln rxa00825 1056 GB BA1:MTY15C10 33050 Z95436 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 154/162. Mycobacterium 39,980 17-Jun-98 -.3 t0 N
tuberculosis GB BA1:MLCB2548 38916 AL023093 Mycobacterium leprae cosmid 82548.
Mycobacterium leprae 39,435 27-Aug-99 D
GB BA2:AF169031 1141 AF169031 Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae putative sugar nucleotide Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 46,232 14-Sep-99 epimerase/dehydratase gene, partial cds. oryzae o rxa00871 Ln rxa00872 1077 GB IN1:CEF23H12 35564 Z74472 Caenorhabditis elegans cosmid F23H12, complete sequence. Caenorhabditis elegans 34,502 08-OCT-1999 Ln GB HTG2AC007263 167390 AC007263 Homo sapiens chromosome 14 clone BAC 79J20 map 14q31, '"' Homo sapiens 35,714 24-MAY-1999 SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS =", 5 ordered pieces.
GB HTG2:AC007263 167390 AC007263 Homo sapiens chromosome 14 clone BAC 79J20 map 14q31, =" Homo sapiens 35,714 24-MAY-1999 SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS "', 5 ordered pieces.
nca00879 2241 GB BA1:MTV049 40360 AL022021 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 81/162. Mycobacterium 36,981 19-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB PL2:CDU236897 1827 AJ236897 Candida dubliniensis ACT1 gene, exons 1-2.
Candida dubliniensis 38,716 1Sep-99 GB PLI:CAACTIA 3206 X16377 Candida albicans acti gene for actin. Candida albicans 36,610 10-Apr-93 ncaD0909 955 GB_BA2:AF010496 189370 AF010496 Rhodobacter capsulatus strain SB1003, partial genome. Rhodobacter capsulatus 51,586 12-MAY-1998 GB BAI:RMPHA 7888 X93358 Rhizobium meliloti pha(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) genes.
Sinorhizobium meliloti 48,367 12-MAR-1999 GB EST16:C23528 317 C23528 C23528 Japanese flounder spleen Paralichthys olivaceus cDNA clone HB5(2), Paralichthys olivaceus 41,640 28Sep-99 mRNA sequence.
nca0D913 2118 GB HTG2:AC007734 188267 AC007734 Homo sapiens chromosome 18 clone hRPK.44 O_1 map 18, '== Homo sapiens 34,457 5-Jun-99 SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS '=', 18 unordered pieces.

Table 4 (continued) GB HTG2AC007734 188267 AC007734 Homo sapiens chromosome 18 clone hRPK.44_O_1 map 18, Nomo sapiens 34,457 5-Jun-99 SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS "", 18 unordered pieces.
GB EST18AA709478 406 AA709478 vv34a05.r1 Stratagene mouse heart (#937316) Mus musculus cDNA done Mus musculus 42,065 24-DEC-1997 IMAGE: 1224272 5', mRNA sequence.
rxa00945 1095 GB HTG4:AC010351 220710 AC010351 Homo sapiens chromosome 5 clone CITB-H1 202286, "' SEQUENCING IN Homo sapiens 36,448 31-OCT-1999 PROGRESS "=, 68 unordered pieces.
GB HTG4:AC010351 220710 AC010351 Homo sapiens chromosome 5 done CITB-H1 2022B6, "' SEQUENCING IN Homo sapiens 36,448 31-OCT-1999 PROGRESS "', 68 unordered pieces.
GS BAI:MTCY05A6 38631 Z96072 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 120/162. Mycobacterium 36,218 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis nca00965 rxa00999 1575 GB_PAT:E13660 1916 E13660 gDNA encoding 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Corynebaderium 98,349 24-Jun-98 glutamicum GB BA1:MTCY359 36021 Z83859 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 84/162. Mycobacterium 38,520 17-Jun-98 rov tuberculosis L' ro GBBAI:MLCB1788 39228 AL008609 Mycobaderium kprae cosmid B1788. Mycobacterium kprae 64,355 27-Aug-99 -.3 rxa01015 442 GB_BAI:MTV008 63033 AL021246 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 108/162. Mycobacterium 39,860 17-Jun-98 ~
~
tuberculosis GB_BAI:MTV008 63033 AL021246 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 108/162. Mycobacterium 39,120 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis -.3 nca01025 1119 GB BA1:SC7A1 32039 AL034447 Streptomyces coelicolor cosmid 7A7.
Streptomyces coelicolor 55,287 15-DEC-1998 L, GB_BAI:MSGB1723CS 38477 L78825 Mycobacterium kprae cosmid B1723 DNA sequence.
Mycobacteriixn leprae 56,847 15-Jun-96 r GB_BAI:MLCB637 44882 Z99263 Mycobacterium leprae cosmid B637. Mycobaderium leprae 56,676 17-Sep-97 cn rxa01048 1347 GB 13A2:AF017444 3067 AF017444 Sinorhizobium meliloti NADP-dependent malic enzyme (tme) gene, complete Sinorhizobium meliloti 53,660 2-Nov-97 cds.
GB BA1:BSUB0013 218470 Z99116 Badllus subtilis complete genome (section 13 of 21): from 2395261 to Bacillus subti6s 37,255 26-Nov-97 2613730.
GB_VI:HSV2HG52 154746 Z86099 Herpes simplex virus type 2 (strain HG52), complete genome. human herpesvirus 2 38,081 04-DEC-1998 rxa01049 1605 GB HTG2AC002518 131855 AC002518 Homo sapiens chromosome X clone bWXD20, "' SEQUENCING IN Homo sapiens 35,647 2-Sep-97 PROGRESS "', 11 unordered pieces.
GB_HTG2:AC002518 131855 AC002518 Homo sapiens chromosome X clone bWXD20, "' SEQUENCING IN Homo sapiens 35,647 2-Sep-97 PROGRESS "', 11 unordered pieces.
GB_HTG2AC002518 131855 AC002518 Homo sapiens chromosome X clone bWXD20, ***
SEQUENCING IN Homo sapiens 26,180 2-Sep-97 PROGRESS "=, 11 unordered pieces.
rxa01077 1494 GB PR3:HSDJ653C5 85237 AL049743 Human DNA sequence from clone 653C5 on chromosome 1p21.3-22.3 Homo sapiens 36,462 23-Nov-99 Contains CA repeat(D1S435), STSs and GSSs, complete sequence.
GB BAI:ECU29579 72221 U29579 Escherichia coli K-12 genome; approximately 61 to 62 minutes. Escherichia coli 41,808 1-Jul-95 GB_BAI:ECU29579 72221 U29579 Escherichia coli K-12 genome; approximately 61 to 62 minutes. Escherichia coli 36,130 1.lul-95 nca01089 873 GB GSS8:AQ044021 387 AQ044021 CIT-HSP-2318C18.TR CIT-HSP Homo sapiens genomic clone 2318C18, Homo sapiens 36,528 14-Jul-98 genomic survey sequence.

Table 4 (continued) GB_GSS8:AQ042907 392 AQ042907 CIT-HSP-2318D17.TR CIT-HSP Homo sapiens genomic clone 2318D17, Homo sapiens 35,969 14-Jul-98 genomic survey sequence.
GB_GSS8AQ044021 387 AQ044021 CIT-HSP-2318C18.TR CIT-HSP Homo sapiens genomic clone 2318C18, Homo sapiens 44,545 14-Jul-98 genomic survey sequence.
nca01093 1554 GB BAI:CORPYKI 2795 L27126 Corynebacterium pyruvate kinase gene, complete cds. Corynebacterium 100,000 07-DEC-1994 glutamicum GB_BAI:MTCY01 B2 35938 Z95554 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 72/162. Mycobacterium 63,771 17tilun-98 tuberculosis GB BA1:M1U65430 1439 U65430 Mycobacterium intracellulare pyruvate kinase (pykF) gene, complete cds. Mycobacterium 67,061 23-DEC-1996 intracellulare rxa01099 948 GB BA2:AF045998 780 AF045998 Corynebacterium glutamicum inositol monophosphate phosphatase (impA) Corynebacterium 99,615 19-Feb-98 gene, complete cds. glutamicum GB BA2:AF051846 738 AF051846 Corynebacterium glutamicum phosphoribosylformimino-5-amino-l- Corynebacterium 100,000 12-MAR-1998 phosphoribosyl-4- imidazolecarboxamide isomerase (hisA) gene, complete glutamicum cds.
GB GSS1:FR0005503 619 Z89313 F.rubripes GSS sequence, Gone 079B16aE8, genomic survey sequence. Fugu rubripes 37,785 01-MAR-1997 0 N

rxa01111 541 GB PR3AC004063 177014 AC004063 Homo sapiens chromosome 4 clone B3218, complete sequence. Homo sapiens 35,835 10-Jul-98 00 G8 PR3:HS1178121 62268 AL109852 Human DNA sequence from clone RP5-1178121 on chromosome X, complete Homo sapiens 37,873 01-DEC-1999 ~ N
sequence. 00 GB_HTG3:AC009301 163369 AC009301 Homo sapiens clone NH0062F14, ==' SEQUENCING
IN PROGRESS "', 5 Homo sapiens 37,240 13-Aug-99 unordered pieces. o nca01130 687 GB_HTG3:AC009444 164587 AC009444 Homo sapiens Gone 1_O_3, "' SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS 8 Homo sapiens 38,416 22-Aug-99 unordered pieces.
GB_HTG3:AC009444 164587 AC009444 Homo sapiens Gone 1 O_3, "' SEQUENCING IN
PROGRESS 8 Homo sapiens 38,416 22-Aug-99 unordered pieces. ~
GB_INI:OMC66A1 34127 AL031227 Drosophila melanogaster cosmid 66A1. Drosophila metanogaster 38,416 05-OCT-1998 rxa01193 1572 GB_BAI:CGASO19 1452 X76875 C.glutamicum (ASO 19) ATPase beta-subunit gene. Corynebacderium 99,931 27-OCT-1994 glutamicum EM PAT:E09634 1452 E09634 Brevibacterium flavum UncD gene whose gene product is involved in CorynebaCterium 99,242 07-OCT-1997 glutamicum (Rel. 52, Created) GB BAI:MLU15186 36241 U15186 Mycobacterium leprae cosmid L471. Mycobacterium leprae 39,153 09-MAR-1995 nca01194 495 EM_PAT:E09634 1452 E09634 Brevibacterium flavum UncD gene whose gene product is invohred in Corynebacterium 100,000 07-OCT-1997 glutarnicum (Rel. 52, Created) GB_BAI:CGAS019 1452 X76875 C.glutamicum (ASO 19) ATPase beta-subunit gene.
Corynebacterium 100,000 27-OCT-1994 glutamicum GB V1:HEPCRE4B 414 X60570 Hepatitis C genomic RNA for putative envelope protein (RE4B isolate). Hepatitis C virus 36,769 5-Apr-92 nca01200 Table 4 (continued) nca01201 1764 GB_BAI:SLATPSYNA 8560 Z22606 S.lividans i protein and ATP
synthase genes. Streptomyces lividans 66,269 01-MAY-1995 GB BAI:MTCY373 35516 Z73419 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 57/162. Mycobacterium 65,437 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB BAI:MLU15186 36241 U15186 Mycobaderiurn leprae cosmid L471. Mycobaderium leprae 39,302 09-MAR-1995 nca01202 1098 GB_BA1:SLATPSYNA 8560 Z22606 S.lividans i protein and ATP
synthase genes. Streptomyces lividans 57,087 01-MAY-1995 GB BAI:SLATPSYNA 8560 Z22606 S.Iividans i protein and ATP synthase genes.
Streptomyces lividans 38,298 01-MAY-1995 GB BA1:MCSQSSHC 5538 Y09978 M.capsulatus orfx, orfy, orfz, sqs and shc genes.
Methylococcus capsulatus 37,626 26-MAY-1998 nca01204 933 GB_PL1 AP000423 154478 AP000423 Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast genomic DNA, complete sequence, Chloroplast Arabidopsis 38,395 15-Sep-99 strain:Columbia. thaliana GB HTG6:AC009762 164070 AC009762 Homo sapiens done RP1 1-114116, SEQUENCING IN
PROGRESS 39 Homo sapiens 35,459 04DEC-1999 unordered pieces. rv GB_HTG6:AC009762 164070 AC009762 Homo sapiens done RP11-114118, SEQUENCING IN
PROGRESS 39 Homo sapiens 36,117 04-DEC-1999 unordered pieces. -.3 rxa01216 1124 GB_BA1:MTCY10G2 38970 Z92539 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 47/162. Mycobacterium 39,064 17Jun-98 N
tuberculosis '' D
O
GB_BA2AF017435 4301 AF017435 Methylobacterium extorquens methanol oxidation genes, gimU-INce gene, Methylobacterium 42.671 10-MAR-1998 ~ o partial ods, and orfL2, orfL1, orfR genes, complete cds, extorquens o GB BAI:CCRFLBDBA 4424 M69228 C.crescentus flagellar gene promoter region.
Caulobacter crescentus 41,054 26-Apr-93 rxa01225 1563 GB_BA2:AF058302 25306 AF058302 Streptomyces roseofulvus frenolicin biosynthetic gene duster, complete Streptomyces roseofuivus 36,205 2-Jun-98 Loõ
sequence. GB_HTG3:AC007301 165741 AC007301 Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 2 clone BACR04B09 (D576) RPCI-98 Drosophila melanogaster 39,922 17-Aug-99 ~
04.8.9 map 43E12-44F1 strain y; cn bw sp, "' SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS
"", 150 unordered pieces.
GB_HTG3:AC007301 165741 AC007301 Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 2 clone BACR04B09 (D576) RPCI-98 Drosophila melanogaster 39,922 17-Aug-99 04.8.9 map 43E12-44F1 strain y; cn bw sp, "' SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS
"', 150 unordered pieces.
rxa01227 444 GB_BAI:SERFDXA 3869 M61119 Saccharopolyspora erythraea ferredoxin (fdxA) gene, complete cds. Saccharopolyspora 64,908 13-MAR-1996 erythraea GB BAI:MTV005 37840 AL010186 Mycobaderium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 51/162. Mycobacterium 62,838 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB_BAI:MSGY348 40056 A0000020 Mycobaderium tuberculosis sequence from done y348. Mycobacterium 61,712 10-DEC-1996 tuberculosis rxa01242 900 GB_PR3:AC005697 174503 AC005697 Homo sapiens chromosome 17, clone hRPK.138_P 22, complete sequence. Homo sapiens 35,373 09-OCT-1998 GB_HTG3AC010722 160723 AC010722 Homo sapiens done NH0122L09, SEQUENCING IN
PROGRESS 2 Homo sapiens 39,863 25-Sep-99 unordered pieces.
GB_HTG3AC010722 160723 AC010722 Homo sapiens done NH0122L09, SEQUENCING IN
PROGRESS 2 Homo sapiens 39,863 25-Sep-99 unordered pieces.

Table 4 (continued) rxa01243 1083 GB GSSI0:AQ255057 583 A0255057 mgxb0008N01r CUGI Rice Blast BAC
Library Magnaporthe grisea genomic Magnaporthe grisea 38,722 23-OCT-1998 clone mgxb0o08N01 r, genomic survey sequence.
GB_IN1:CEK05D4 19000 Z92804 Caenorhabditis elegans cosmid K0504, complete sequence. Caenorhabditis elegans 35,448 23-Nov-98 GB_IN1:CEK05D4 19000 Z92804 Caenorhabditis elegans cosmid K05D4, complete sequence. Caenorhabditis elegans 35,694 23-Nov-98 rxa01259 981 GB BAI:CGLPD 1800 Y16642 Corynebacterium glutamicum Ipd gene, complete CDS. Corynebacterium 100,000 1-Fetr99 glutamicum GB_HTG4AC010567 143287 AC010567 Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 3LJ69C1 clone RPCI98-11 N6, Drosophila melanogaster 37,178 16-OCT-1999 SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS "', 70 unordered pieces.
GB HTG4AC010567 143287 AC010567 Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 3L/69C1 clone RPCI98-11N6, Drosophila melanogaster 37,178 16-0CT-1999 "'SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS "', 70 unordered pieces.
rxa01262 1284 G8_BA2:AF172324 14263 AF172324 Escherichia coli GaIF (galF) gene, partial cds; 0-antigen repeat unit transporter Escherichia coli 59,719 Wzx (wzx), WbnA (wbnA), 0-antigen poymerase Wzy (wzy), WbnB (wbnB), WbnC (wbnC), WbnD (wbnD), WbnE (wbnE), UDP-Glc-4-epimerase GalE
(galE), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase Gnd (gnd), UDP-Gec-6-dehydrogenase Ugd (ugd), and WbnF (wbnF) genes, complete cds; and chain length determinant Wzz (wzz) gene, partial cds.
GB_BA2:ECU78086 4759 U78086 Escherichia coli hypothetical uridine-5'-diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase (ugd) Escherichia coli 59,735 5-Nov-97 and 0-chain length regulator (wzz) genes, complete cds. .3 GB_BA1:D90841 20226 D90841 E.coli genomic DNA, Kohara clone #351(45.1-45.5 min.). Escherichia coli 37,904 21-MAR-1997 i rxa01311 870 GB_PR3AC004103 144368 AC004103 Homo sapiens Xp22 BAC GS-619J3 (Genome Systems Human BAC library) Homo sapiens 37,340 18-Apr-98 0 complete sequence.
GB HTG3:AC007383 215529 AC007383 Homo sapiens clone NH0310K15, = SEQUENCING
IN PROGRESS =", 4 Homo sapiens 36,385 25-Sep-99 .3 unordered pieces.
cn GB_HTG3AC007383 215529 AC007383 Homo sapiens done NH0310K15, "' SEQUENCING IN
PROGRESS 4 Homo sapiens 36,385 25-Sep-99 F "
unordered pieces. Ln nca01312 2142 GB BAZ:AE000487 13889 AE000487 Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 section 377 of 400 of the complete genome. Escherichia coli 39,494 12-Nov-98 GB BA1:MTV016 53662 AL021841 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 143/162. Mycobacterium 46,252 23-Jun-99 tuberculosis GB_BA1:U00022 36411 U00022 Mycobacterium leprae cosmid L308. Mycobacterium leprae 46,368 01-MAR-1994 nca01325 795 GB HTG4AC009245 215767 AC009245 Homo sapiens chromosome 7, ="
SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS 24 Homo sapiens 36,016 2-Nov-99 unordered pieces.
GB HTG4AC009245 215767 AC009245 Homo sapiens chromosome 7, =" SEQUENCING IN
PROGRESS 24 Homo sapiens 36,016 2-Nov-99 unordered pieces.
GB HTG4AC009245 215767 AC009245 Homo sapiens chromosome 7, "' SEQUENCING IN
PROGRESS 24 Homo sapiens 39,618 2-Nov-99 unordered pieces.
nca01332 576 GB_HTG6AC007186 225851 AC007186 Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 2 done BACR031306 (D569) RPCI-98 Drosophila melanogaster 35,568 07-03Ø6 map 32A-32A strain y; cn bw sp, ='= SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS"', 91 unordered pieces.
GB_HTG6:AC007147 202291 AC007147 Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 2 done BACR19N18 (0572) RPCI-98 Drosophila melanogaster 35,366 07-DEC-1999 19.N.18 map 32A-32A strain y: cn bw sp, "' SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS
"', 22 unordered pieces.

Table 4 (continued) GB HTG3AC010207 207890 AC010207 Homo sapiens clone RPCI11-375120, ""
SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS "', 25 Homo sapiens 34,821 16-Sep-99 unordered pieces.
rxa01350 1107 GB_BA2:AF109682 990 AF109682 Aquaspirillum arcticum malate dehydrogenase (MDH) gene, complete Cds. Aquaspirillum arcticum 58,487 19-OCT-GB HTG2AC006759 103725 AC006759 Caenorhabditis elegans Gone Y40G12, "' SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS"', Caenorhabditis elegans 37,963 25-Feb-99 8 unordered pieces.
GB_HTG2:AC006759 103725 AC006759 Caenorhabditis eiegans clone Y40G12, "' SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS"', Caenorhabditis elegans 37,963 25-Feb-99 8 unordered pieces.
nca01365 1497 GB_BAI:MTY20B11 36330 Z95121 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 139/162. Mycobacterium 38,011 174un-98 tuberculosis GB BAI:XANXANAB 3410 M83231 Xanthomonas campestris phosphoglucomutase and phosphomannomutase Xanthomonas campestris 47,726 26-Apr-93 (xanA) and phosphomannose isomerase and GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (xanB) genes, complete cds.
GB_GSSI0:AQ194038 697 AQ194038 RPCI11-47D24.TJ RPCI-1 1 Homo sapiens genomic clone RPCI-11-47D24, Homo sapiens 36,599 20-Apr-99 genomic survey sequence.

nca01369 1305 GB BA1:MTY20B11 36330 Z95121 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 139/162. Mycobacterium 36,940 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB GSS3:B10037 974 B10037 T27A19-T7 TAMU Arabidopsis thaliana genomic Gone T27A19, genomic Arabidopsis thaliana 35,284 14-MAY-1997 ~

survey sequence. -.3 GB GSS3:B09549 1097 809549 T21A19-T7.1 TAMU Arabidopsis thaliana genomic clone T21A19, genomic Arabidopsis thaliana 38,324 14-MAY-1997 N
survey sequence. D
rxa01377 1209 GB_BAI:MTCY71 42729 Z92771 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome: segment 1411162. Mycobacterium 39,778 10-Feb-99 N

tuberculosis GB 14TG5AC007547 262181 AC007547 Homo sapiens clone RP1 1-252018, WORKING
DRAFT SEQUENCE, 121 Homo sapiens 32,658 16-Nov-99 -.3 unordered pieces. Ln GB_HTG5:AC007547 262181 AC007547 Horno sapiens clone RP1 1-252018, WORKING
DRAFT SEQUENCE, 121 Homo sapiens 38,395 16-Nov-99 F, unordered pieces. Ln rxa01392 1200 GB BA2:AF072709 8366 AF072709 Streptomyces lividans ampiifiable element AUD4: putative Streptomyces lividans 55,221 8-Jul-98 transcriptional regulator, putative ferredoxin, putative cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase, and putative oxidon3ductase genes, complete cds; and unknown genes.
GB BA1:CGLYSEG 2374 X96471 C.glutamicum lysE and IysG genes. Corynebacterium 100,000 24-Feb-97 giutamicum GB PR4AC005906 185952 AC005906 Homo sapiens 12p13.3 BAC RPCI11-429A20 (Roswell Park Cancer Homo sapiens 36,756 30-Jan-99 Institute Human BAC Library) complete sequence.
nca01436 1314 GB BA1:CGPTAACKA 3657 X89084 C.glutamicum pta gene and ackA
gene. Corynebacterium 100,000 23-MAR-1999 glutamicum GB BA1:D90861 14839 090861 E.co6 genomic DNA, Kohara clone 0405(52.0-52.3 min.). Escherichia coli 53,041 29-MAY-1997 GB PAT:E02087 1200 E02087 DNA encoding acetate kinase protein form Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli 54,461 29-Sep-97 rxa01468 948 GB GSS1:HPU60627 280 U60627 Helicobacter pylori feoB-like DNA
sequence, genomic survey sequence. Helicobacter pylori 39,286 9-Apr-97 GB EST31:A1701691 349 A1701691 we81c04.x1 Soares_NFL T GBC S1 Homo sapiens cDNA clone Homo sapiens 39,412 3-Jun-99 IMAGE:2347494 3' simitar to gb:L19686_mat MACROPHAGE MIGRATION
INHIBITORY FACTOR (HUMAN);, mRNA sequence.

Table 4 (continuedl GB_EST15:AA480256 389 AA480256 ne31f04.s1 NCI_CGAP Co3 Homo sapiens cDNA clone IMAGE:898975 3' Homo sapiens 39,574 14-Aug-97 similar to gb:L19686_rnat MACROPHAGE MIGRATION INHIBITORY
FACTOR (HUMAN);, mRNA sequence.
rxa01478 1959 GB_BA1:SCI51 40745 AL109848 Streptomyces coelicolor cosmid 151.
Streptomyces eoelicolor 54,141 16-Aug-99 A3(2) GB_BAI:SCE36 12581 AL049763 Streptomyces coeticolor cosmid E36. Streptomyces coelicolor 38.126 05-MAY-1999 GB BA1:CGU43535 2531 U43535 Corynebacterium glutamicum multidrug resistance protein (cmr) gene, Corynebaderium 41,852 9-Apr-97 complete cds. glutamicum rxa01482 1998 GB BA1:SC6G4 41055 AL031317 Streptomyces coelicolor cosmid 6G4.
Streptomyces coelicolor 62,149 20-Aug-98 GB_BA1:U00020 36947 U00020 Mycobacterium leprae cosmid B229. Mycobacterium leprae 38,303 01-MAR-1994 GB BAI:MTCY77 22255 Z95389 Myeobaderium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 146/162. Mycobacterium 38,179 18-Jun-98 tuberculosis rxa01534 W
rxa01535 1530 GB BAI:MLCB1222 34714 AL049491 Mycobaderium teprae cosmid B1222.
Mycobaderium leprae 66,208 27-Aug-99 -.3 GBBAI:MTV017 67200 AL021897 Mycobaderium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 48/162. Mycobaderium 38,553 24-Jun-99 tuberculosis W D
GB BA1:PAU72494 4368 U72494 Pseudomonas aeruginosa fumarese (fumC) and Mn superoxide dismutase Pseudomonas aeruginosa 52,690 23-OCT-1996 (sodA) genes, complete cds.

rxa01550 1635 GB_BA1:D90907 132419 D90907 Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 complete genome, 9/27, 1056467-1188885. Synechocystis sp. 56,487 7-Feb-99 .3 GB_IN2AF073177 9534 AF073177 Drosophila metanogaster glycogen phosphorylase (GlyP) gene, complete cds. Drosophila meianogaster 55,100 14ul-99 Lõ
GB IN2J1F073179 3159 AF073179 Drosophila melanogaster glycogen phosphorylase (Glpt) mRNA, complete cds. DrosophNa melanogaster 56,708 27-Apr-99 cn rxa01562 nra01569 1482 GB BA1:D78182 7836 D78182 Streptococcus mutans DNA for dTDP-rhamnose synthesis pathway, complete Streptococcus mutans 44,050 5-Feb-99 cds.
GB_BA2:AF079139 4342 AF079139 Streptomyces venezuelae pikCD operon, complete sequence. Streptomyces venezuelae 38,587 28-OCT-1998 GB BA2:AF087022 1470 AF087022 Streptomyces venezuelae cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (picK) gene, Streptomyoes venezuetae 38,621 15-OCT-1998 complete cds.
rxa01570 978 GB BA1:MTCY63 38900 Z96800 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 16/162. Mycobacterium 59,035 17-Jun-98 tubercutosis GB BA2:AF097519 4594 AF097519 Klebsiella pneumoniae dTDP-D-glucose 4,6 dehydratase (rm1B), glucose-l- KlebsieNa pneumoniae 59,714 4-Nov-98 phosphate thymidylyl transferase (rmlA), dTDP-4-keto-L-rhamnose reductase (rmlD), dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose 3,5-epimerase (rmIC), and rhamnosyl transferase (wbbL) genes, complete cds.

Table 4 (continued) GB BA2:NGOCPSPS 8905 L09189 Netsseria meningitidis dTDP-O-glucose 4,6-dehydratase (ffb8), glucose-l- Neisseria meningitidis 58,384 30-Jul-96 phosphate thymidyl transferase (rfbA) and rfbC genes, complete cds and UPD-glucose-4-epimerase (galE) pseudogene.
nca01571 723 GB BA1:AB011413 12070 AB011413 Streptomyces griseus genes for Orf2, Orf3, 064, Orf5, AfsA, OrfB, partial and Streptomyces griseus 57,500 7-Aug-98 complete cds.
GB BA1:AB011413 12070 AB011413 Streptomyces gnseus genes for O62, Orf3, Ori4, Orf5, AfsA, Orf8, partial and Streptomyces griseus 35,655 7-Aug-98 complete cds.

rxa01572 615 GB BAt AB011413 12070 AB011413 Streptomyces griseus genes for Orf2, Orf3, 064, Orf5, AfsA, Orf8, partial and Streptomyoes griseus 57,843 7-Aug-98 complete cds.
GB BA1:AB011413 12070 A8011413 Streptomyces griseus genes for Orf2, Orf3, Orf4, Orf5, AfsA, OrtB, partial and Streptomyces griseus 38,119 7-Aug-98 complete cds.

rxa01606 2799 GB VI:CFU72240 4783 U72240 Choristoneura fumiferana nuclear potyhedrosis virus ETM protein homolog, 79 Choristoneura fumiferana 37,115 29-Jan-99 kDa protein homolog, 15 kDa protein homolog and GTA protein homolog nucleopoiyhedrovirus genes, complete cds. cn G13_GSSI0:AQ213248 408 AQ213248 HS 3249 61 A02_MR CIT Approved Human Genomic Sperm Library D Homo Homo sapiens 34,559 18-Sep-98 0.30 sapiens genomic done Plate=3249 Co1=3 Row=B, genomic survey sequence.
..,- OD
GB GSS8AQ070145 285 AQ070145 HS_3027 B1_H02_MR CIT Approved Human Genomic Sperm Library D Homo Homo sapiens 40,351 5-Aug-98 sapiens genomic clone Plate=3027 Co1=3 Row=P, genomic survey sequence.
-.3 nca01626 468 GB_PR4:AF152510 2490 AF152510 Homo sapiens protocadherin gamma A3 short form protein (PCDH-gamma-A3) Homo sapiens 34,298 14-Jul-99 ' ~
variable region sequence, complete cds.
i GB_PR4:AF152323 4605 AF152323 Homo sapiens protocadherin gamma A3 (PCDH-gamma-A3) mRNA, complete Homo sapiens 34.298 22.1ul-99 L,, cds.
GB_PR4:AF152509 2712 AF152509 Homo sapiens PCDH-gamma-A3 gene, aberrantly spliced, mRNA sequence. Homo sapiens 34,298 14-Jul-99 rxa01632 1128 GB HTG4AC006590 127171 AC006590 Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 2 clone BACR13N02 (D543) RPCI-98 Drosophila melanogaster 33.812 19-13.N.2 map 36E-36E strain y; cn bw sp, - SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS"', 101 unordered pieces.
GB HTG4J1C006590 127171 AC006590 Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 2 clone BACR13N02 (D543) RPCI-98 Drosophila melanogaster 33,812 19-OCT-1999 13.N.2 map 36E-36E strain y; cn bw sp, - SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS"', 101 unordered pieces.
GB GSS8:B99182 415 899182 CIT-HSP-2280113.TR CIT-HSP Homo sapiens genomic clone 2280113, Homo sapiens 36,111 26-Jun-98 gerromic survey sequence.
rxa01633 1206 GB BAI:BSUB0009 208780 Z99112 Bacillus subtilis complete genome (section 9 of 21): from 1598421 to 1807200. Bacillus subtilis 36,591 26-Nov-97 GB BAI:BSUB0009 208780 299112 Bacillus subtilis complete genome (section 9 of 21): from 1598421 to 1807200. Bacillus subtiiis 34,941 26-Nov-97 GB HTGZ:AC006247 174368 AC006247 Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 2 clone BACR48110 (D505) RPCI-98 Drosophila melanogaster 37,037 2-Aug-99 48.1.10 map 49E6-49F8 strain y; cn bw sp, "' SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS
"', 17 unordered pieces.

Table 4 (continued) rxa01695 1623 GB BAI:CGA224946 2408 AJ224946 Corynebacterium glutamicum DNA
for L-Malate:quinone oxidoreductase. Corynebacterium 100.000 11 Aug-98 glutamicum GB BAI:MTCY24A1 20270 295207 Myeobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 124/162. Mycobacterium 38,626 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB_INI:DMU15974 2994 U15974 Drosophila melanogaster kinesin-like protein (klp68d) mRNA, complete cds. Drosophila melanogaster 36,783 18-Jul-95 rxa01702 1155 GB BAI:CGFDA 3371 X17313 Corynebacterium glutamicum fda gene for fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (EC Corynebacterium 99,913 12-Sep-93 4.1.2.13). glutamicum GB BAI:MTY13E10 35019 Z95324 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 18/162. Mycobacterium 38,786 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB BAI:MLCB4 36310 AL023514 Mycobacterium leprae cosmid B4. Mycobacterium Ieprae 38,238 27-Aug-99 rxa01743 901 GB_IN2:CELC27H5 35840 U14635 Caenorhabditis elegans cosmid C27H5.
Caenorhabd'Ris elegans 35,334 13-Jul-95 GB EST24:Ai167112 579 AI167112 xylem.est.878 Poplar xylem Lambda ZAPII library Populus balsamifera subsp. Populus balsamifera 39,222 03-DEC-1998 trichocarpa cDNA 5', mRNA sequence. subsp. triohocarpa GB GSS9AQ102635 347 AQ102635 HS 3048_B1 F08_MF CIT Approved Human Genomic Sperm Library D Homo Homo sapiens 40,653 27-Aug-98 sapiens genomic clone Plate=3048 Co1=15 Row=L, genomic survey sequence.

rxa01744 1662 GB BAI:MTCY0182 35938 Z95554 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 72/162. Mycobacterium 36,650 17-Jun-98 ~
tuberculosis GB GSSI:AF009226 665 AF009226 Mycobacterium tuberculosis cytochrome D oxidase subunit I (appC) gene, Mycobacterium 63,438 31-Jul-97 ~ D
partial sequence, genomic survey sequence. tuberculosis N
GB BAI:SCD78 36224 AL034355 Streptomyces coelicolor cosmid D78. Streptomyces ooelicolor 53,088 26-Nov-98 o nca01745 836 GB BAI:MTCY190 34150 Z70283 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 98/162. Mycobacterium 62,081 17-Jun-98 - 1 .3 tuberculosis GB BA1:MLCB22 40281 Z98741 Mycobacterium leprae cosmid B22. Mycobacterium leprae 61,364 22-Aug-97 cn i GB BA2:AE000175 15067 AE000175 Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 section 65 of 400 of the complete genome. Escherichia coli 52,323 12-Nov-98 Lõ
nca01758 1140 GB_PR3:HS57G9 113872 Z95116 Human DNA sequence from BAC 57G9 on chromosome 22q12.1 Contains Homo sapiens 39,209 23-Nov-99 ESTs, CA repeat, GSS.
GB PL2:YSCH9666 39057 U10397 Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VIII cosmid 9666. Saccharomyces cerevisiae 40,021 5-Sep-97 GB_PL2:YSCH9986 41664 U00027 Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VIII cosmid 9986. Saccharomyees cerevisiae 34,375 29-Aug-97 rxa01814 1785 GB_BAI:ABCCELB 2058 L24077 Acetobacter xylinum phosphogiucomutase (ceIB) gene, complete cds. Acetobacter xylinus 62,173 21-Sep-94 GB_BAI:MTCY22D7 31859 Z83866 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 133/162. Mycobacterium 39,749 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB BA1:MTCY22D7 31859 Z83866 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 133/162. Mycobacterium 40,034 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis rxa01851 1809 GB GSS9:AQ142579 529 AQ142579 HS_2222_Bt H03_MR CIT Approved Human Genomic Sperm Library D Homo Homo sapiens 38,068 24-Sep-98 sapiens genomic cione Plate=2222 Cot=5 Rovi=P, gerwmic survey sequence.

GB_IN2AC005889 108924 AC005889 Drosophila melanogaster, chromosome 2L, region 30A3- 30A6, P1 clones Drosophila melanogaster 36,557 30-OCT-1998 DS06958 and DS03097, complete sequence.
GB_GSS1AG0o8814 637 AG008814 Homo sapiens genomic DNA, 21q region, clone:
8137B7BB68, genomic survey Homo sapiens 35,316 7-Feb-99 sequence.

Table 4 (continued) rxa01859 1050 GB BA2:AF183408 63626 AF183408 Microcystis aeruginosa DNA
polymerase rII beta subunit (dnaN) gene, partial Microcystis aeruginosa 36.364 cds; microcystin synthetase gene duster, complete sequence; Uma1 (umal), Uma2 (uma2), Uma3 (uma3), Uma4 (uma4), and Uma5 (uma5) genes, complete ods; and Uma6 (uma6) gene, partial cds.
GB_HTG5:AC008031 158889 AC008031 Trypanosoma brucel chromosome 11 done RPCI93-25N14, =" SEQUENCING Trypanosoma brucei 35,334 15-Nov-99 IN PROGRESS "', 2 unordered pieces.
GB BA2:AF183408 63626 AF183408 Microcystis aeruginosa DNA polymerase III beta subunit (dnaN) gene, partial Microcystis aeruginosa 36,529 03-OCT-1999 ods; microcystin synthetase gene cluster, complete sequence; Umal (umal), Uma2 (uma2), Uma3 (uma3), Uma4 (uma4), and Uma5 (uma5) genes, complete cds; and Uma6 (uma6) gene, partial cds.
rxa01865 438 GB_BAI:SERFDXA 3869 M61119 Saccharopolyspora erythraea ferredoxin (fdxA) gene, complete cds. Saccharopolyspora 59,862 13-MAR-1996 erythraea GB BAI:MTV005 37840 AL010186 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 51/162. Mycobacterium 61,949 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB BAI:MSGY348 40056 AD000020 Mycobacterium tuberculosis sequenoe from clone y348. Mycobaderium 59,908 10-DEC-1996 tuberculosis cNn rxa01882 1113 GB PRI:HUMADRA2C 1491 J03853 Human kidney alpha-2-adrenergic receptor mRNA, complete cds. Homo sapiens 36,899 27-Apr-93 0-.30 GB PR4:HSU72648 4850 U72648 Homo sapiens alpha2-C4-adrenergic receptor gene, complete cds. Homo sapiens 36,899 23-Nov-98 GB GSS3:B42200 387 B42200 HS-1055-81-A03-MR.abi CIT Human Genomic Sperm Library C Homo sapiens Homo sapiens 34,805 18-OCT-1997 j 00 genomic clone Plate=CT 777 Col=5 Row=B, genomic survey sequence. p rv rxa01884 1913 GB_BA1:MTCY48 35377 Z74020 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 69/162. Mycobacterium 37,892 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis o GB BA1:SC0001206 9184 AJ001206 Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), glycogen metabofism cluster II. Streptomyces coelicolor 40,413 29-MAR-1999 L i"
N
GBBA1:D90908 122349 D90908 Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 complete genome, 10/27, 1188886-1311234. S nech Y ocystis sp. 47,792 7-Feb-99 rxa01886 897 GB_GSS9AQ116291 572 A0116291 RPCI11-49P6.TK.1 RPCI-11 Homo sapiens genomic done RPCI-11-49P6, Homo sapiens 43,231 20-Apr-99 genomic survey sequence.
GB BA2AE001721 17632 AE001721 Thermotoga maridma section 33 of 136 of the complete genome. Thermotoga maritima 39,306 2Jun-99 GB EST16=J4A567090 596 AA567090 GM01044.5prime GM Drosophia melanogaster ovary BlueScript Drosophila Drosophila meianogaster 42,807 28-Nov-98 melanogaster cDNA clone GM01044 5prime, mRNA sequence.
rxa01887 1134 GB_HTG6:AC008147 303147 AC008147 Homo sapiens clone RP3-405J10, "' SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS 102 Homo sapiens 36,417 03-DEC-1999 unordered pieces.
GB HTG6AC008147 303147 AC008147 Homo sapiens done RP3-405J10, "' SEQUENCING IN
PROGRESS 102 Homo sapiens 37,667 03-DEC-1999 unordered pieces.
GB_BA2:ALW243431 26953 AJ243431 Acinetobacter Iwoffii wzc, wzb, wza, weeA, weeB, woeC, wzx, wzy, weeD, Acinetobacter Iwoffii 39,640 01-OCT-1999 weeE, weeF, weeG, weeH, weel, weeJ, weeK, galU, ugd, pgi, galE, pgm (partial) and mip (partial) genes (emulsan biosynthetic gene duster), strain RAG-1.
nca01888 658 G8_HTG2AC008197 125235 AC008197 Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 3 clone BACR02L12 (D753) RPCI-98 Drosophda melanogaster 32,969 2-Aug-99 02.L.12 map 94B-94C strain y; cn bw sp, "' SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS"', 113 unordered pieces.

Table 4 (continuft GB HTG2AC008197 125235 AC008197 Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 3 clone BACR02L12 (D753) RPCI-98 Drosophila melanogaster 32,969 2-Aug-99 02.L.12 map 94B-94C strain y; cn bw sp, "' SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS
"' 113 unordered pieces.
GB_EST36:AI881527 598 AI881527 606070C09.y1 606 - Ear tissue cDNA library from Schmidt lab Zea mays cDNA, Zea mays 43,617 21-Jul-99 mRNA sequence.
rxa01891 887 GB VI:HIV232971 621 AJ232971 Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C nef gene, patient MP83. Human immunodeficiency 40,040 05-MAR-1999 virus type 1 GB PL1 AFCHSE 6158 Y09542 A.fumigatus chsE gene. Aspergillus fumigatus 37,844 1-Apr-97 GB PR3:AF064858 193387 AF064858 Homo sapiens chromosome 21q22.3 BAC 28F9, complete sequence. Homo sapiens 37,136 2-Jun-98 rxa01895 1051 GB_BA1:CG1238250 1593 AJ238250 Corynebacterium glutamicum ndh gene. Corynebaderium 100,000 24-Apr-99 glutamicum GB BA2AF038423 1376 AF038423 Mycobacterium smegmatis NADH dehydrogenase (ndh) gene, complete cds. Mycobacterium smegmatis 65,254 05-MAY-1998 GB_BAI:MTCY359 36021 Z83859 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 84/162. Mycobacterium 40,058 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis r v nca01901 1383 GB_BA1:MSGB38COS 37114 L01095 M. leprae genomic DNA sequence, cosmid 838 bfr gene, complete cds. Mycobaderium Ieprae 59,551 6-Sep-94 GB BA1:SCE63 37200 AL035640 Streptomyces coelicolor cosmid E63. Streptomyces coelicolor 39,468 17-MAR-1999 -.3 GB PR3AF093117 147216 AF093117 Homo sapiens chromosome 7qtelo BAC E3, complete sequence. Homo sapiens 39,291 02-OCT-1998 D
nca01927 1503 GB_BAI:CGPAN 2164 X96580 C.glutamicum panB, panC & xylB genes.
Corynebacterium 38,384 11-MAY-1999 y o glutamicum o GB BAI:ASXYLA 1905 X59466 Arthrobacter Sp. N.R.R.L. B3728 xyiA gene for D-xylose(D-glucose) lsomerase. Arthrobacter sp. 56,283 04-MAY-1992 ' Ln GB HTG3AC009500 176060 AC009500 Homo sapiens clone NH0511A20, "' SEQUENCING IN
PROGRESS "', 6 Homo sapiens 37,593 24-Aug-99 unordered pieces. L' rxa01952 1836 GB BA2:AE000739 13335 AE000739 Aquifex aeolicus section 71 of 109 of the complete genome. Aquifex aeolicus 36,309 25-MAR-1998 GB EST28A1519629 612 AI519629 t.D39282.5prime LD Drosophila melanogaster embryo pOT2 Drosophila Drosophila meianogaster 41,941 16-MAR-1999 melanogaster cONA clone LD39282 5prime, mRNA sequence.
GB_EST21:AA949396 767 AA949396 LD28277.5prime LD Drosophila metanogaster embryo pOT2 Drosophila Drosophila melanogaster 39,855 25-Nov-98 melanogaster cDNA clone LD28277 5prime, mRNA sequence.
nca01989 630 GB BAI:BSPGIA 1822 X16639 Bacillus stearothermophilus pgiA gene for phosphoglucoisomerase isoenzyme Bacillus 66,292 20-Apr-95 A (EC 5.3.1.9). stearothermophilus GB-BAI:BSUB0017 217420 Z99120 BaciNus subtilis complete genome (section 17 of 21): from 3197001 to Bacillus subtilis 37,255 26-Nov-97 3414420.
GB BA2AF132127 8452 AF132127 Streptococcus mutans sorbitol phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase Streptococcus mutans 63,607 28-Sep-99 operon, complete sequence and unknown gene.
nca02026 720 GB BAI:SXSCRBA 3161 X67744 S.xylosus scrB and scrR genes.
Staphylococcus xylosus 67,778 28-Nov-96 GB BA1:BSUB0020 212150 Z99123 Bacillus subtilis complete genome (section 20 of 21): from 3798401 to BaciAus subtilis 35,574 26-Nov-97 4010550.
GB BAI:BSGENR 97015 X73124 B.subtilis genomic region (325 to 333). Bacillus subtilis 51,826 2-Nov-93 nua02028 526 GB BAI:MTC1237 27030 Z94752 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 46/162. Mycobacterium 54,476 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis Table 4 (continued) GB PL2:SCE9537 66030 U18778 Saocharomyces oerevisiae chromosome V cosmids 9537, 9581, 9495, 9867, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 36,100 1-Aug-97 and lambda done 5896.
GB_GSS13AQ501177 767 AQ501177 V26G9 mTn=3xHA/IacZ Insertion Library Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomic 5', Saccharomyces cerev'isiae 32,039 29-Apr-genomlc survey sequence.
rxa02054 1140 GB BAI:MLCB1222 34714 AL049491 Myoobaderiurn leprae cosmid 81222. Mycobaderium leprae 61,896 27-Aug-99 G8_BAI:MTY13E12 43401 Z95390 Myoobaderium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 1471162. Mycobacterium 59,964 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB_BAI:MTU43540 3453 U43540 Mycobacterium tuberculosis rfbA, rhamnose biosynthesis protein (rfbA), and Mycobacterium 59,659 14-Aug-97 rmlC genes, mmplete cds. tuberculosis rxa02056 2891 GB PAT:E14601 4394 E14601 Brevbacterium lactoferrnentum gene for alpha4cetogiutaric acid Corynebacterium 98,928 26.1ut-99 dehydrogenase, glutamicum GB BA1:D84102 4394 D84102 Corynebaderium glutamicum DNA for 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, complete Corynebacterium 98,928 6-Feb-99 cds. glutamicum GB_BA1:MTV006 22440 AL021008 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv compfete genome;
segment 541162. Mycobacterium 39,265 18-Jun-98 tuberculosis rxa02061 1617 GB HTG7AC005883 211682 AC005883 Homo sapiens chromosome 17 clone RP11-958E11 map 17, = Homo sapiens 37,453 08-DEC-1999 r v SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS "', 2 ordered pieces. "' ro GB Pl.2:ATAC003033 84254 AC003033 Arabidopsis thafiana dtromosome II BAC
T211.14 genomic sequence, complete Arabidopsis thaliana 37,711 19-DEC-1997 -.3 sequence. -- N
GB PL2ATAC002334 75050 AC002334 Arabidopsis theliana chromosome 11 BAC F25118 genomic sequence, complete Arabidopsis thatiana 37,711 04-IIAAAR 1998 00 3Equence.

nua02063 1350 GB BAI:SCGLGC 1518 X89733 S.coelioobr DNA for glgC gene.
Streptomyces coelicalor 56,972 12-Jul-99 GB_GSS4 AQ687350 786 AQ687350 nbxb0074H11 r CUGI Rice BAC l.ibrary Oryza sativa genomic clone Oryza sativa 40,696 1-JuM99 - .3 nbxb0074H 11 r, genomic survey sequence.
GB EST38:AW028530 444 AW028530 wv27f10.x1 NCI CGAP Kid11 Horno sapiens cDNA
done IMAGE:2530795 3' Homo sapiens 36,795 27-OCT-1999 similar to WP:T03G11.6 CE04874 :, mRNA sequence. Ln rxa02100 2348 GB BAI:MSGY151 37036 A0000018 Mycobacterium tuberculosis sequence trom done y151. Mycobacterium 40,156 10-DEC-1996 tuberculosis G8_BAI:MTCY130 32514 Z73902 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 59/162. Mycobacterium 55,218 17.1un-98 tuberculosis GB_I3A1:SC0001205 9589 AJ001205 Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) glycogen melabolism dusterl. Streptomyces coelicolor 38,475 29-MAR-1999 nca02122 822 GB BA1:D90858 13548 D90858 E.coli genomic DNA, Kohara done #401(51.3-51.6 min.). Escheriohia cofi 38,586 29-MAY-1997 GB_EST37:A1948595 469 A1948595 wq07d12.x1 NCt_CGAP Kid12 Homo sapiens cDNA
clone IMAGE:2470583 3', Homo sapiens 37,259 6-Sep-99 mRNA sequence.
GB_HTG3AC010387 220665 AC010387 Homo sapiens chromosome 5 clone CITB-Ht 2074D8,'=' SEQUENCING IN Homo sapiens 38,868 15-Sep-99 PROGRESS =", 77 unordered pieces.
rxa02140 1200 GB BAI:MSGB1551CS 36548 L78813 Mycobacterium leprae cosmid 81551 DNA sequence. Mycobacterium leprae 51,399 15-Jun-96 GB_8A1:MSGB1554CS 36548 L78814 Mycobacterium leprae cosmid B1554 DNA sequence.
Mycobacterium leprae 51,399 15-Jun-96 GB ROAF093099 2482 AF093099 Mus musculus transcription factor TBLYM (Tblym) mRNA, cornplete cds. Mus musculus 36,683 01-OCT-1999 rxa02142 774 GB BAI:MTCY190 34150 Z70283 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome: segment 981162. Mycobacterium 57,292 17-Jun-96 tuberculosis Table 4 (continued) GB BA1:SC6G10 36734 AL049497 Streptomyces coelicolor cosmid 6G10. Streptomyces coelicolor 35,058 24-MAR-1999 GB BA1:AB016787 5550 AB016787 Pseudomonas putida genes for cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase A-E and 2 Pseudomonas putida 47,403 5-Aug-99 ORFs, complete cds.
nca02143 1011 GB BAI:MTCY190 34150 Z70283 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 98/162. Mycobacterium 57.317 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GBBAI:MSGB1551CS 36548 L78813 Mycobacterium leprae cosmid 81551 DNA sequence.
Mycobacterium leprae 38,159 15-Jun-96 GB_BAI:MSGB1554CS 36548 L78814 Mycobaderium leprae cosmid 81554 DNA sequenoe.
Mycobacterium leprae 38,159 15-Jun-96 rxa02144 1347 GB BAI:MTCY190 34150 Z70283 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 98/162. Mycobaderium 55,530 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB HTG3:AC011500_0 300851 AC011500 Homo sapiens chromosome 19 done CIT978SKB_60E11, SEQUENCING Homo sapiens 39,659 18-Feb-00 IN PROGRESS "', 246 unordered pieces.
GB HTG3:AC011500_0 300851 AC011500 Horno sapiens chromosome 19 clone CIT978SKB
60E11, "= SEQUENCING Homo sapiens 39,659 18-Feb-00 IN PROGRESS "', 246 unordered pieces.
nca02147 1140 GB_EST28:AI492095 485 A1492095 tg07a01.x1 NCI CGAP_CLL1 Homo sapiens d]NA clone IMAGE:2108040 3, Homo sapiens 39,798 30-MAR-1999 mRNA sequence.
GB ESTI0:AA157467 376 AA157467 zo50e01.r1 Stratagene endothelial cell 937223 Homo sapiens cDNA clone Horno sapiens 36,436 11-DEC-1996 -.3 IMAGE:590328 5', mRNA sequence.
GB_ESTI0:AA157467 376 AA157467 zo50e01.r1 Stratagene endothelial cell 937223 Homo sapiens cDNA clone Homo sapiens 36,436 11-DEC-1996 ~ D
IMAGE:590328 5', mRNA sequence. CD o rxa02149 1092 GB PR3:HSBK277P6 61698 AL117347 Human DNA sequence from clone 277P6 on chromosome 1q25.3-31.2, Homo sapiens 36,872 23-Nov-99 complete sequence. -.3 GB BA2:EMB065R075 360 AF116423 Rhizobium etli mutant MB045 RosR-transcriptionalty regulated sequence. Rhizobium etli 43,175 06-DEC-1999 Ln GB_EST34AI789323 574 A1789323 uk53g05.y1 Sugano mouse kidney mkia Mus musculus cDNA clone Mus musculus 39,715 2-Jul-99 ~
IMAGE:1972760 6 similar to WP:K1 1H12.8 CE12160 ;, mRNA sequence. cn rxa02175 1416 GB BAI:CGGLTG 3013 X66112 C.glutamicum gR gene for citrate synthase and ORF. Corynebacterium 100,000 17-Feb-95 glutamicum GB_BAI:MTCY31 37630 Z73101 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 41/162. Mycobacterium 64,331 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB BAI:MLC657 38029 Z99494 Mycobacterium leprae cosmid 857. Mycobacterium leprae 62,491 10-Feb-99 rxa02196 816 GB RO:RATDAPRP 2819 M76426 Rattus norvegicus dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-related protein (dpp6) mRNA, Rattus norvegicus 38,791 31-MAY-complete cds.
GB GSS8AQ012162 763 A0012162 127PB037070197 Cosmid library of chromosome II
Rhodobacter sphaeroides Rhodobacter sphaeroides 40,044 4-Jun-98 genomic clone 127PB037070197, genomic survey sequence.
GB_RO:RATDAPRP 2819 M76426 Rattus norvegicus dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-related protein (dpp6) mRNA, Rattus norvegicus 37,312 31-MAY-1995 complete cds.
nca02209 1694 GB BA1:A8025424 2995 AB025424 Corynebacterium glutamicum gene for aconitase, partial cds. Corynebacterium 99,173 3-Apr-99 glutamicum GB BA2AF002133 15437 AF002133 Mycobaderium avium strain GIRIO transcriptional regulator (mav81) gene, Mycobacterium avium 40,219 26-MAR-1998 partial cds, aconitase (acn), invasin 1(invl), invasin 2 (inv2), transcriptional regulator (moxR), ketoacyl-reductase (fabG), enoyl-reductase (inhA) and ferrochelatase (mav272) genes, complete cds.

Table 4 (continued) GB 8A1:M1V007 32806 AL021184 Myoobacterium tubercutosis H37Rv complete genonle; segment 64/162. Mycobacterium 38,253 17-Jun-98 tub$roubsls nra02213 874 GBBA1:A8025424 2995 Afj025424 Corynebacterium glutamicurn gene for sconitase, partial ods. Corynebacterium 99,096 3 Apr-99 glutamicum G8 BA1:MT1/007 32806 A1021184 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 641162. Mycobaeterium 34,937 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB_8A2:AF002133 15437 AF002133 Mycobacterium avium strain GIR10 transcriptional regulator (mav81) gene, Mycobaderium avium 36,885 26-MAR-1998 partiai cds, sconitase (acn), invasin 1(invl), invasin 2(inv2), transcriptional negubter (moxR), ketoacyl-reductase (fabG), enoyl-reduclase (inhA) and ferrochelatase (mav272) genes, ooWlete cds.
rxa02245 780 GB_8A2:RCU23145 5960 U23145 Rhodobacter capsuiatus Catvin cycle carbon dioxide fixation operon: fructose- Rhodobacter capsulatus 48,701 28-OCT-1,6-lsedoheptulose-l,7-bisphosphate aktoiase (cbbA) gene, partial ods, Form 11 ribubse-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (cbbM) gene, complete csls, and Calvin cycle operon: pentose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase 0 (cbbE), phosphogiycoiate phosphatase (cbbZ), and cbbY genes, complete cds.

N
GBf3A1:ECU82664 139818 U82664 Escherichia coli minutes 9 to 11 genomic sequence. Escherichia coii 39,119 11-Jan-97 Ln GB HTG2:AC007922 158858 AC007922 Homo sapiens chromosome 18 done hRPK.178_F 10 map 18, Homo sapiens 33,118 26-Jun-99 -.3 SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS "', 11 unordered pieces.
rxa02256 1125 GB f3A1:CGGAPPGK 3804 X59403 C.glutarnkwm gap, pgk and tpi genes for gyoeraldehyde-3-phosphate, Corynebacterium 99,289 05-OCT-1992 D
phosphoglycerate kinase and triosephosphate isomerase. gkrtamicum GS_f3A1:SCC54 30753 AL035591 Streptomyces coelicolor cosmid C54. Streptomyces coelicolor 36,951 11Jun-99 0 GB_SAI:MTCY493 40790 Z95844 Mycobacterium tubercukuis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 63l162. Mycobacterium 64,196 19-Jun-98 - 1 .3 tuberculosis rxa02257 1338 GB BAI:CGGAPPGK 3804 X59403 C.glutarnicum gap, pgk and tpi genes for gyceraidehyde-3-phosphate, Corynebacterium 98.873 05-0CT-1992 cn I
phosphoglycerate kinase and triosephosphate isomerase. glutamicum cn GB BAI:MTCY493 40790 Z95844 Mycobaderium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 63/162. Mycobacterium 61,273 19-Jun-96 tuberculosis GB BA2:MAU82749 2530 U82749 Mycobacterium avium glyceraidehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase homolog Mycobacterium avium 61,772 6Jarr98 (gapdh) gene, complete cds; and phosphogtycerate kinase gene, partial cds.
rxa02258 900 GB_BAI:CGGAPPGK 3804 X59403 C.giutamicum gap, pgk and tpi genes for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, Corynebaderium . 99,667 05-0CT-1992 phosphoglycerate kinase and triosephosphate Isomerase. glutamicum GB BAI:CORPEPC 4885 M25819 C.gk-tamicum piwsphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene, complete cds. Corynebaderium 100,000 15-DEC-1995 glutamicum GBPATA09073 4885 A09073 C.giutamicum ppg gene for phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase. Corynebaderium 100,000 25-Aug-93 gkrtamicum rxa02259 2895 G4_8A1:CORPEPC 4885 M25819 C.glutamicum phosphoenoipyruvate oarboxylase gene, complete cds. Corynebacterium 100,000 15-DEC-1995 glutamicum GB PAT:A09073 4885 A09073 C.glutamicum ppg gene for phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase. Corynebacterium 100,000 25-Aug-93 glutamicum GB_f3A1:CGPPC 3292 X14234 Corynebaeterium glutamicum phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene (EC Corynebacterium 99,827 12-Sep-93 4.1.1.31). glutamicum Table 4 (continued) rxa02288 969 GB PR3:HSDJ94E24 243145 AL050317 Human DNA sequence from clone RP1-94E24 on chromosome 20q12, Homo sapiens 36,039 03-DEC-1999 complete sequence.
GB HTG3:AC010091 159526 AC010091 Homo sapiens cione NH0295A01, '"' SEQUENCtNG
IN PROGRESS 4 Homo sapiens 35,331 1/Sep-99 unordered pieces.
GB_HTG3AC010091 159526 AC010091 Homo sapiens done NH0295A01, "' SEQUENCING IN
PROGRESS 4 Homo sapiens 35,331 11Sep-99 unordered pieces.
rxa02292 796 GB_BA2:AF125164 26443 AF125164 Baeteroides fragilis 638R
polysaccharide B(PS 82) biosynthesis bcus, Bacteroides fragiis 39,747 01-DEC-complete sequence; and unknown genes.
GB GSS5AQ744695 827 A0744695 HS 5505 A2_C06_SP6 RPCi-11 Human Mate BAC Library Homo sapiens Homo sapiens 39,185 16-Jul-99 genomic done Plate=1081 Co1=12 Row=E, genomicsuroey sequenoe.
GB EST14.AA381925 309 AA381925 EST95058 Activated T-cells I Homo sapiens cDNA
5' end, mRNA sequence. Homo sapiens 35,922 21-Apr-97 rxa02322 511 GB t3A1:MTCY22G8 22550 Z95585 Mycobactenum tuberculosis H37Rv eompfete gerwme; segment 491162. Mycobacierium 57.677 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB BAI:MTCY22G8 22550 295585 Mycobacterium tubercuiosis H37Rv compk3te genome; segment 49/162. Mycobacterium 37,143 17-Jun-98 tubercuiosis o N

rxa02326 939 GB BA1:CGPYC 3728 Y09548 Corynebacterium giutamicum pyc gene.
Corynebatxerium 100,000 08-MAY-1998 00 glutamicum GB BA2:AF038548 3637 AF03854B Corynebactertum giutamicum pyruvate carboxylase (pyc) gene, compiete ods. Corynebacterium 100,000 24-DEC-1997 ro glutamicum i N
GB BA1:MTCY349 43523 Z83018 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv compiete genome;
segment 1311162. Mycobacterium 37,363 17-Jun-98 0 tuberculosis rxa02327 1083 GB_BA1:CGPYC 3728 Y09548 Corynebacteriurn giutsmicum pyc gene.
Corynebacterium 99,259 ~Y-1998 giutamicum Ln G88A2:AF038548 3637 AF038548 Corynebacterium glutamicum pyruvate carboxylase (pyc) gene, complete cds. Corynebacterium 99,259 24DEC-1997 ~
giutamicurn GB 8A1:MTCY349 43523 Z83018 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segmeM 131/162. Mycobacterium 41,317 174un-98 tuberculosis rxa02328 1719 GB BAI:CGPYC 3728 Y09548 Corynebacterium glutamicum pyc gene.
Corynebacterium 100,000 08-MAY-1998 giutamicum GB t3A2:AF038548 3637 AF038548 Corynebacterium giutamicum pyruvate carboxylase (pyc) gene, complete cds. Corynebacterium 100,000 24-DEC-1997 giutamicum GB PL2AF097728 3916 AF097728 Aspergillus terreus pyruvate carboxyiaae (Pyc) mRNA, compiete cds. Asperginus ten+eus 52,248 29-OCT-1998 nut02332 1266 GB_BAI:MSGLTA 1776 X60513 M.smegmatis gttA gene for citrate synthase. Mycobacterium smegmatis 58,460 20-Sep-91 GB 8A2:ABU85944 1334 U85944 Antarctic bacterium DS2-3R citrate synthase (cisy) gene, complete cds. Antardic bacxerium DS2- 57,154 23-Sep-97 GB BA2:AE000175 15067 AE000175 Escherichia coG K-12 MG1655 section 65 of 400 of the complete genome. Escherichia coli 38,164 12-Nov-98 rxa02333 1038 GB BA1:MSGLTA 1776 X80513 M.smegmatis gitA gene for citrate synthase. Mycobaderium smegmatis 58,929 20-Sep-91 G8_PR4:HUAC002299 171681 AC002299 Homo sapiens Chromosome 16 BAC done CIT987-SKA-113A6 -canplete Homo sapiens 33,070 23-Nar-99 genomic sequenoe, complete sequenoe.

Table 4 (continued) GB HTG2AC007889 127840 AC007889 Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 3 Gone BACR48E12 (D695) RPCI-98 Orosophile melanogaster 34,897 2-pWg-99 48.E.12 map 87A-87B strain y; cn bw sp, "" SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS"=, 86 unordered pieces.
rxa02399 1487 GB BAI:CGACEA 2427 X75504 C.glutamicurn aceA gene and thiX genes (partial). Corynebacterium 100,000 9-Sep-94 glutamicum GB_BAI:CORACEA 1905 L28760 Corynebacter9um glutamicum isocitrate tyase (aceA) gene. Corynebacterium 100,000 10=Feb-95 giutarnicum GB PAT:113693 2135 113693 Sequence 3 from patent US 5439822. Unknown. 99,795 26-Sep-95 nca02404 2340 GB BAI:CGACEB 3024 X78491 C.glutamicum (ATCC 13032) aceB gene.
Corynebacterium 99,914 13-Jan-95 glutamicum GB_BAI:CORACEB 2725 L27123 Corynebacterium glutamicum malate synthase (aceB) gene, complete cds. Corynebacterium 99,786 B-Jun-95 glutamicum GB BAI:PFFC2 5588 Y11998 P.fluorescens FC2.1, FC2.2, FC2.3c, FC2.4 and FC2.5c open reading franies. Pseudomonas tluoresoens 63,539 11Jul-97 nuaO2414 870 GB PR4:AC007102 176258 AC007102 Homo sapiens chromosome 4 clone C0162P16 map 4p16, complete sequence. Homo sapiens 35.069 2-Jun-99 N

GB_HTG3:AC011214 183414 AC011214 Homo sapiens clone 5_C 3, LOW-PASS SEQUENCE
SAMPLING. Homo sapiens 36,885 03-0CT 1999 GB HTG3AC011214 183414 AC011214 Homo sapiens clone 5_C_3, LOW-PASS SEQUENCE
SAMPLING. Homo sapiens 36,885 03-OCT-1999 nca02435 681 GB BA2:AF101055 7457 AF101055 Clostridium acetobutylicum atp operon, complete sequence. Clostridium acetobutyiicum 39,605 03-MAR-1999 00 N N
GB OM:RABPKA 4441 J03247 Rabbit phosphorylase kinase (alpha subunit) mRNA, complete cds, Oryctolagus cuniculus 36,061 27-Apr-93 GB OM:RABPLASISM 4458 M84656 Oryctolagus cunicukis phosphorylase kinase alpha subunit mRNA, complete Orydolagus cuniculus 36,000 22-Jun-98 cds. ' 10 nu002440 963 GB ESTI4:AA417723 374 AA417723 zv01b12.s1 NCL CGAP_GCB1 Homo sapiens cDNA cione IMAGE:746207 3' Homo sapiens 38,770 16-OCT-1997 simitar to contains Alu r~ petitive element;contains element L1 repetitive r element ;, mRNA sequence. "' GB_ESTII:AA215428 303 AA215428 zr95a07.s1 NCI_CGAP GCB1 Homo sapiens cDNA done tMAGE:683412 3' Honw sapiens 39,934 13-Aug-97 simUar to contains Alu repetitive element;, mRNA sequence.
GB BAI:MTCY77 22255 Z95389 Myeobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 1461162. Mycobacterium 38.889 18,1un-98 tuberculosis nca02453 876 GB EST14AA426336 375 AA426336 zv53g02.s1 Soares testis_NHT Homo sapiens cDNA clone IMAGE:757394 3', Homo sapiens 38,043 16-OCT-1997 mRNA sequence.
GB BAI:STMAACCB 1353 M55426 S.fradiae aminoglycoside acetyltransferase (aacC8) gene, complete cds. Streptomyoes fradiae 37,097 05-MAY-1993 GB PR3AC004500 77538 AC004500 Homo sapiens chromosome 5, P1 clone 107689 (LBNL
H14), complete Homo sapiens 33,256 30-MAR-1998 sequence.
rxa02474 897 GB_BA1:AB009078 2686 AB009078 Brevibacterium saccharolyticum gene for L-2.3-butanediol dehydrogenase, Brevibacterium 96,990 13-Feb-99 complete cds. saccharotyticum GB OM:BTU71200 877 U71200 Bos taurus aoetoin reductase mRNA, complete cds. Bos taurus 51,659 8-Oot-97 GB_EST2:F12685 287 F12685 HSC3DA031 normalized infant brain cDNA Homo sapiens eDNA clone c- Homo sapiens 41,509 14-Mar-95 3da03, mRNA sequence rxa02480 1779 GB BAI:MTV012 70287 AL021287 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 132/162. Mycobacterium 36,737 23-Jun-99 tuberculosis Table 4 (continued) GB BA1:SC6G10 36734 AL049497 Streptomyces coelicoior cosmid 6G10. Streptomyces coeiicobr 35.511 24MAR-1999 GB 8A1 AP000060 347800 AP000060 Aeropyrum pemix genomic DNA, section W.
Aeropyrum pemix 48,014 22-Jun-99 rxa02485 rxa02492 840 GB BA1:STMPGM 921 M83661 Streptomyces coeficolor phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM) gene, complete cds. Streptomyces coeiioolor 65,672 26-Apr-93 GB_8A1:MTCY20G9 37218 Z77162 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 25/162. Mycobacterium 61,436 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB BA1:U00018 42991 U00018 Mycobacterium leprae cosmid B2168. Mycobacterium lepree 37,893 01-MAR-1994 rxa02528 1098 GB PR2:HS161N10 56075 AL008707 Human DNA sequence from PAC
161N10 on chromosome Xq25. Contains Homo sapiens 37,051 23-Nov-99 EST. o GB HTG2AC008235 136017 AC008235 Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 3 clone BACR15B19 (D995) RPCI-98 Drosophila melanogaster 36,822 2-Aug-99 L,, 15.8.19 map 94F-95A strain y; cn bw sp, "' SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS ro -.3 125 unordered pieces. N
GB HTG2AC008235 136017 AC008235 Drosophila meianogaster chromosome 3 clone BACR15B19 (D995) RPCI-98 Drosophila meianogaster 36,822 2-Aug-99 ro 15.8.19 map 94F-95A strain y; cn bw sp, "' SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS"', 125 unordered pieces. -' o rxa02539 1641 GB_BA2:RSU17129 17425 U17129 Rhodococcus erythropoiis ThcA
(thcA) gene, compkete cds; and unknown Rhodoeoccus erythropofis 66,117 16-Jul-genes. o GB BAI:MTV038 16094 AL021933 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 241162. Mycobacterium 65,174 17-Jun-98 ~
tuberculosis N
GB_BA2AF068264 3152 AF068264 Pseudomonas aeruginoss quinoprotein ethanol dehydrogenase (exaA)gene, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 65,448 18-MAR-1999 L"
partial cds; cytochrome c550 precursor (exaB), NAD+ dependent acetaidehyde dehydrogenase (exaC), and pyrroloquinoiine quinone synthesis A (pqqA) genes, complete cds; and pyrroioquinoline quinone synthesis B (pqqB) gene, partial cds.
rxa02551 483 GB BAI:BACHYPTP 17057 D29985 Bacillus subtilis wapA and orf genes for wall-associated protein and Bacillus subtiBs 53,602 7-Feb-99 hypotheticai proteins.
GB BAI:BACHUlWAP0128954 D31856 BaoiBus subblis genome containing the hut and wapA toci. Bacillus subtilis 53,602 7-Feb-99 GB BAI:BSGBGLUC 4290 Z34526 B.subtilis (Marburg 168) genes for beta-giucoside permease and beta- BaciAus subtiiis 53,602 3-Jul-95 glucosidase.
rxa02556 1281 GB HTG3AC008128 335761 AC008128 Homo sapiens, SEQUENCING IN
PROGRESS 106 unordered pieces. Homo sapiens 34,022 22-Aug-99 GB_HTG3AC008128 335761 AC008128 Hona sapiens, '== SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS "=, 106 unordered pieces. Homo sapiens 34,022 22-Aug-99 GB PL2AC005292 99053 AC005292 Genomic sequence for Arabidopsis thaiiana SAC
F26F24, complete sequence. Arabidopsis thaliana 33,858 16-Apr-99 rxa02560 990 GB INI:CEF07A11 35692 Z66511 Caenorhabditis elegans cosmid F07A11, complete sequence. Caenorhabditis elegans 36,420 2-Sep-99 GB EST32:AI731605 566 A1731605 BNLGHi10201 Six-day Cotton fiber Gossypium hirautum cDNA 5' sanitar to Gossypium hrcsutum 38,095 11-Jun-99 (AC004684) hypotheticai protein (Arabidopsis thaiiana), mRNA sequence.
GB iN1:CEF07A11 35692 Z66511 Caenorhabdkis elegans cosmid F07A11, complete sequence. Caenofiabditis etegans 33,707 2-Sep-99 Table 4 (continued) rxa02572 668 GB_BAI:MTCY63 38900 Z96800 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 16/162. Mycobacteriurn 61,677 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB_8A1:MTCY63 38900 Z96800 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genorne;
segment 16/162. Mycobacterium 37,170 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB_HTGI:HS24H01 46989 AL121632 Homo sapiens chromosome 21 done LLNLc116H0124 map 21q21, "' Homo sapiens 19,820 29-Sep-99 SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS ="", in unordered pieces.
rxa02596 1326 GB_BA1:MT1/026 23740 AL022076 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 157/162. Mycobacterium 36,957 24-Jun-99 tuberculosis GB_&42AF026540 1778 AF026540 Mycobacterium tuberculosis UDP-galactopyranose mutase (glf) gene, comptete Myoobacterium 67,627 30-OCT-1998 cds. tuberculosis GB_8A2:MTU96128 1200 U96128 Mycobacterium tuberculosis UDP-galactopyranose mutase (glf) gene, complete Mycrobacterium 70,417 25-MAR-1998 ods. tuberculosis nca02611 1775 GB_8A1:MTCY130 32514 Z73902 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genorne; segment 59/162. Mycobacterium 38,532 17-Jun-98 tubercubsis GB BAI:MSGY151 37036 AD000018 Mycobacterium tuberculosis sequence from clone y151. Mycobacterium 60,575 10-DEC-1998 tUbCrculosis U1 GB BA1:U00014 36470 U00014 Mycobacterium leprae cosmid B1549. Mycobacterium leprae 57,486 29-Sep-94 ~
nca02612 2316 GB_8A1:MTCY130 32514 Z73902 Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segment 59/162. Mycobacterium 38,018 17-Jun-98 tuberculosls ro GB_BAI:MSGY151 37036 AD000018 Mycobscterium tuberculosis sequence from done y151. Mycobacterium 58,510 10-DEC-1996 j N
tuberculosis GB BAI:STMGLGEN 2557 L11647 Streptomyces aureofaciens glycogen branching enzyme (gIgB) gene, complete Streptomyces 57,1J3 25-MAY-1995 i cds. aureofaciens . 0 rxa02621 942 GB_BAI:CGL133719 1839 AJ133719 Corynebacterium glutamicum yjcc gene, amtR gane and citE gene, partiat. Corynebacterium 36,858 12-Aug-99 L i' glutamicum F' Ln GB INI:CEM106 39973 Z46935 Caenorhabditis elegans cosmid M106, complete sequence. Caenorhabditia elegans 37.608 2-Sep-99 GB_EST29:AI547662 377 AI547662 Ul-R-C3-sz-h-03-0-Ul.sl UI-R-C3 Rattus norvegicus cDNA done Ul-R-C3-sz-h- Rattus norvegicus 50,667 3-Jul-99 03-0-UI 3', mRNA sequence.
nca02640 1650 GB 8A1:tu17V025 121125 AL022121 Myccbacterium tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome; segnrent 155/162. Myoobacterium 39,187 24-Jun-99 tuberculosis GB_BAI:PAU49666 4495 U49666 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (orfX), glycerol dfiffusion facilitator (glpF), glycerol Pseudomonas aeruginosa 59,273 18-MAY-1997 kinase (glpK), and GIp repressor (glpR) genes, complete cds, and (orM) gene, partial cds_ GB BA1:AB015974 1641 AB015974 Pseudomonas tolaasii glpK gene for glycerol kinase, complete cds. Pseudomonas tolaasii 58,339 26,Aug-99 rxa02654 1006 GB_EST6:N65787 512 N65787 20827 Lambda-PRL2 Arabidopsis thatiana cDNA clone 2328777, mRNA Arabidopsis thallana 39,637 54an-98 sequence.
C,B_PI.,2:T17H3 65839 AC005916 Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome I BAC T17H3 sequence, complete Arabidopsis thaliana 33,735 5-Aug-99 seQuence.
GB RO:MMU58105 88871 U58105 Mus musculus Btk locus, alpha-0-galactosidase A(Ags), r9bosomal protein Mus muscutus 35,431 13-Feb-97 (1-441L), and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) genes, complete cds.
rxa02666 891 GB PR3AC004643 43411 AC004643 Homo sapiens chromosome 16, cosmid done 363E3 (LANL), comptete Homo sapiens 38,851 01-MAY-1998 sequence.

Table 4 (continued) GB PR3AC004643 43411 AC004643 Homo sapiens chromosome 16, cosmid done 363E3 (LANL), cotrvlete Homo sapiens 41,599 01-MAY-1998 sequence.
GB_BA2AF049897 9196 AF049897 Corynebacterium glutamicum N-acetylglutamylphosphate reductase (argC), Corynebaderium 40,413 1Jul-98 omithine acetyttransferase (argJ), N,aostylgiutamate kinase (argB), glutamicum acetylomithine transaminase (argD), omithine carbamoyRransferase (argF), arginine repressor (argR), argininosuccinate synthase (argG), and argininosuccinate iyase (argH) genes, complete cds.
rxa02675 1980 GB_BAI:PDENQOURF 10425 1.02354 Paracoccus denitrificans NADH
dehydrogenase (URF4), (NQ08), (NQ09), Paracoccus denitrificans 40,735 20-MAY-(URF5), (URF6), (NQ010), (NQ011), (NQ012), (NQ013), and (NQ014) genes, compiete cds's; biotin [acetyi-CoA carboxyl] Iigase (birA) gene, complete ods.
GB_BAI:MTCY339 42861 Z77163 Mycobacterium tubercuiosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 1011162. Myoobaeterium 36,471 17-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB BAI:MXADEVRS 2452 L19029 Myxococcus xanthus devR and devS genes, cxrrrpiete ods's. Myxococcus xanthus 38,477 27-Jan-94 rxa02694 1065 GB BAI:BACLDH 1147 M19394 B.caklolyticus lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) gene, complete cds. Baallus cakioiyticus 57,371 26-Apr-93 GB BAI:BACLDHL 1361 M14788 B.stearothemrophilus Ict gene encoding L-lactate dehydrogenase, complete BadAus 57,277 26-Apr-93 ods, stearothermophiius L"

GB_PATA06664 1350 A06664 B.stearothermophilus Ict gene. BaoiUus 57,277 29-Jul-93 -.3 stearothermophilus nca02729 844 GB_ESTI5:AA494626 121 AA494626 fa09d04.r1 Zebrafish ICRFzfls Danio rerio d)NA ckme 11A22 5' simifar to Danlo rerio 50,746 27-Jun-97 D
TR:G1 171163 G1171163 G/T-MISMATCH BINDING PROTEIN. ;, mRNA - N
sequence. o GB_ESTI5:AA494626 121 AA494626 fa09d04.r1 Zebrafish ICRFzfls Danio redo d)NA
done 11 A22 5' simiiar to Danio rera 36,364 27-Jun-97 .3 TR:G1171163 G1171163 GIT-1NISMATCH BINDING PROTEIN. ;, mRNA o Ln sequence.
r~
Ln rxa02730 1161 GB EST19AA758660 233 AA758660 ah67d06.s1 Soares testis_NHT Homo sapiens cDNA done 1320683 3', mRNA Homo sapiens 37,059 29-DEC-1998 sequence.
GB EST15AA494626 121 AA494626 fa09d04.r1 Zebrafish ICRFzfls Danio rerio cDNA
done 11A22 5' similar to Danio rerio 42,149 27-Jun-97 ! TR:G1171163 G1171163 G/T-MISMATCH BINDING PROTEIN. ;, mRNA
sequence.
GB PR4AC006285 150172 AC006285 Homo sapiens, complete sequence. Homo sapiens 37,655 15-Nov-99 rxa02737 1665 GB PAT:E13655 2260 E13655 gDNA encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Corynebaderium 99,580 24,iun-98 glutartiicum GB_BAI:MTCY493 40790 295844 Mycobadedum tuberculosis H37Rv complete genome;
segment 631162. Myeobaderium 38,363 19-Jun-98 tuberculosis GB BA1:SC5A7 40337 AL031107 Streptomyces coelicolor cosmid 5A7. Streptomyces coelicolor 39,444 27Jui-98 nra02738 1203 G8 PAT:E13655 2260 E13655 gDNA encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Corynebaaterium 96,226 24-Jun 98 glutamicum GB BAI:SCC22 22115 AL096839 Streptomyces coeiieokx cosmid C22. Streptomyces coelicolor 60,399 12Ju(-99 GB_BA1:SC5A7 40337 AL031107 Streptomyces coelicolor cosmid 5A7. Streptomyces coelicolor 36,426 27Ju1-98 nca02739 2223 GB BA1:AB023377 2572 A8023377 Corynebacterium giutamiwm tkt gene for transketolase, complete cds. Corynebaderium 99,640 20-Feb-99 giutamicum Table 4 (continued) GB BAI:MLCL536 36224 Z99125 Mycobaderium leprae cosmid L536. Mycobaoterium leprae 61,573 04-DEC-1998 GB BA1:U00013 35881 U00013 Mycobacterium seprae cosmid B1496. Mycobaderium leprae 61,573 01-MAR-1994 rxa02740 1053 GB HTG2:AC006247 174368 AC006247 Drosophila rnelanogaster duomosome 2 clone BACR48I10 (0505) RPCI-98 Drosophifa melanogaster 37,105 2-Aug-99 48110 map 49E6-49F8 strain y; cn bw sp, "" SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS
=", 17 unordered pieoes.
GB_HTG2AC006247 174368 AC006247 Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 2 clone BACR48110 (0505) RPCI-98 Drosophila melanogaster 37,105 2-Aug-99 48.1.10 map 49E6-49F8 strain y; cn bw sp, === SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS
"', 17 unordered pieces.
GB_HTG3:AC007150 121474 AC007150 Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 2 done BACR16P13 (D597) RPCI-98 Orosophila melanogastar 38,728 20-Sep-99 16.P.13 map 49E-49F strain y; cn bw sp, "" SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS"', 87 unordered pieces. - ~
rxa02741 1089 GB HTG2AC004951 129429 AC004951 Homo sapiens done DJ1022114, ===
SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS 14 Homo sapiens 33,116 12-Jun-98 unordered pieces.
GB HTG2AC004951 129429 AC004951 Homo sapiens done DJ1022114, "= SEQUENCING tN
PROGRESS 14 Homo sapiens 33,116 12-Jun-98 Ln ro unordered pieces. -.3 GB_IN1:AB006546 931 AB006546 Ephydatia Nuviatifis mRNA for G protein a subunit 4, partial cds. Ephydatia fluviatilis 36,379 23-Jun-99 rxa02743 1161 GB
8A1:MLCL536 36224 Z99125 Mycobaderium leprae cosmid L536. Mycobactenum leprae 48,401 04-DEC-1998 D
GBBA1:1J00013 35881 U00013 Mycobacterium ieprae cosmid 81496. Mycobacterium leprae 48,401 01-MAR-1994 GB HTG2AC007401 83657 AC007401 Homo sapiens done NH0501007, "' SEQUENCING IN
PROGRESS "=. 3 Homo sapiens 37,128 26Jun-99 1 .3 unordered pieces.
rxa02797 1026 GB_BA1:CGBETPGEN 2339 X93514 C.glutamicum betP gene.
Corynebecterium 38,889 8-Sep-97 i glutamicum Lõ
GB GS59:AQ148714 405 AQ148714 HS_3136 A1 A03_MR CIT Approved Human Genomic Sperm Library 0 Homo Homo sapiens 34,321 08-OCT-1998 sapiens genomic clone Plate=3136 Col=5 Row=A, genomic survey sequence.

G8 BAI:BFU64514 3837 U64514 Bacillus firmus dppABC operon, dipeptide transporter protein dppA gene, BaciNus firmus 38,072 1-Feb-97 partial cds, and dipeptide transporter proteins dpp8 and dppC genes, camplete cds.
rxa02803 680 G8_BA1:U00020 36947 U00020 Mycobacterium k;prae cosmid 8229.
Mycobacterium leprae 34,462 01-MAR-1994 GB BA2:PSU85643 4032 U85643 Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae putative dihydropteroate synthase gene, Pseudomonas syringae pv. 50,445 9-Apr-97 partiai cds, regulatory protein MntA (mrsA), triose phosphate isomerase (tpiA), syringae transport protein SecG (secG), tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Met, and 15 kDa protein genes, complete cds.
GB BA1:SC6G4 41055 AL031317 Stnoptomyces coelicoior cosmid 8G4. Streptomyces ooeNcolor 59,314 20-Aug-98 rxa0Z8Z1 363 G8_HTG2:AC008105 91421 AC008105 Homo sapiens chromosome 17 done 2020 K i 7 map 17, "' SEQUENCING Homo sapiens 37,607 22-Jul-99 IN PROGRESS -', 12 unordered pieces.
GB HTG2:AC008105 91421 AC008105 Homo sapiens chromosome 17 clone 2020_IC 17 map 17, =" SEQUENCING Homo sapiens 37.607 22-Jul-99 IN PROGRESS '"', 12 unordered pieces.
GB_EST33AV117143 222 AV117143 AV117143 Mus musculus C57BU6J 10-day embryo Mus musculus d)NA clone Mus musaihn 40,157 30-Jun-99 2610200J 17, mRNA sequence.

Table 4 (continued) rxa02829 373 GB HTGI:HSU9G8 48735 AL008714 Homo sapiens chromosome X clone LL0XNC01-9G8, "' SEQUENCING IN Homo sapiens 41,595 23-Nov-99 PROGRESS ', in unordered pieces.
GB_HTGI:HSU9G8 48735 AL008714 Homo sapiens chromosome X done LLOXNC01-9G8, "' SEQUENCING IN Homo sapiens 41,595 23-Nov-99 PROGRESS "', in unordered pieces.
GB PR3:HSU85B5 39550 Z69724 Human DNA sequence from cosmid U85B5, between markers DXS366 and . Homo sapiens 41,595 23-Nov-99 DXS87 on chromosome X.
rxd03216 1141 GB_HTG3AC008184 151720 AC008184 Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 2 clone BACR04005 (D540) RPCI-98 Orosophila melanogaster 39,600 2-Aug-99 04.D.5 map 38E5-36F2 strain y; cn bw sp, "' SEQUENCING IN PROGRESS
"', 27 unordered pieces.
GB_EST15:AA477537 411 AA477537 zu36g12.r1 Soares ovary tumor NbHOT Homo sapiens cDNA clone Homo sapiens 37,260 9-Nov-97 INIAGE:740134 5' similar to contains Alu repetitive element;contakts element HGR repetitive element ;, mRNA sequence.
GB_EST26A1330662 412 A1330662 fa91dO8.y1 zebrafish fin dayl regeneration Danio rerio cDNA 5', mRNA Oanio rerio 37,805 28-DEC-1998 sequence. rxs03215 1038 GB_BA1:SC3F9 19830 AL023862 Streptomyces coelicolor cosmid 3F9. Streptomyces coelicolor 48,657 10-Feb-99 A3(2) GB_8A1_SLLINC 36270 X79146 S.Iinoolnensis (78-11) Lincomycin produdion genes.
Streptomyoes rincolnensis 39,430 15-tNAY-1996 "' ro -.3 GB HTGS:AC009660 204320 AC009660 Homo sapiens chromosome 15 clone RP11~24J10 map 15, SEQUENCING Homo sapiens 35,151 04-DEC-1999 IN PROGRESS "", 41 unordered pieces. y rzs03224 1288 GB_PR3:AC004076 41322 AC004076 Homo sapiens chromosome 19, cosmid R30217, cormbte sequence. Homo sapiens 37,788 29-Jan-98 GB_PL2:SPAC926 23193 AL110469 S.pombe chromosome I cosmid c926. Schizosaccharomyces 38,474 2-Sep-99 -.3 Pombe ~
GB_BA2:AE001081 11473 AE001081 Archaeoglobus fulgidus section 26 of 172 of the complete genome. Archaeoglobus fulgidus 35,871 15-DEC-1997 Lõ
Ln Exemplification Example 1: Preparation of total genomic DNA of Corynebacterium glutamicum A culture of Corynebacterium glutamicum (ATCC 13032) was grown overnight at 30 C with vigorous shaking in BHI medium (Difco). The cells were harvested by centrifugation, the supematant was discarded and the cells were resuspended in 5 ml buffer-I (5% of the original volume of the culture - all indicated volumes have been calculated for 100 ml of culture volume). Composition of buffer-I: 140.34 g/1 sucrose, 2.46 g/1 MgSO, x 7HZ0, 10 ml/1 KH=PO4 solution (100 g/1, adjusted to pH 6.7 with KOH), 50 ml/1 M12 concentrate (10 g/1(NH,)2S0,, I g/l NaCI, 2 g/l MgSO4 x 7H20, 0.2 g/1 CaCl2, 0.5 g/1 yeast extract (Difco), 10 ml/1 trace-elements-mix (200 mg/l FeSO, x H~O, 10 mg/1 ZnSO4 x 7 HZO, 3 mg/l MnC11 x 4 H1O, 30 mg/1 H3BO220 mg/1 CoCI=
x 6 H2O, 1 mg/1 NiCl2 x 6 HZO, 3 mg/1 NaZMoO4 x 2 H~O, 500 mg/i complexing agent (EDTA or critic acid), 100 ml/I vitamins-mix (0.2 mg/1 biotin, 0.2 mg/1 folic acid, 20 mg/1 p-amino benzoic acid, 20 mg/l riboflavin, 40 mg/1 ca-panthothenate, 140 mg/1 nicotinic acid, 40 mg/1 pyridoxole hydrochloride, 200 mg/1 myo-inositol).
Lysozyme was added to the suspension to a final concentration of 2.5 mg/ml. After an approximately 4 h incubation at 37 C, the cell wall was degraded and the resulting protoplasts are harvested by centrifugation. The pellet was washed once with 5 ml buffer-I and once with 5 ml TE-buffer (10 mM Tris-HC1,1 mM EDTA, pH 8). The pellet was resuspended in 4 ml TE-buffer and 0.5 ml SDS solution (10%) and 0.5 ml NaCI solution (5 M) are added. After adding of proteinase K to a final concentration of 200 g/ml, the suspension is incubated for ca.18 h at 37 C. The DNA was purified by extraction with phenol, phenol-chlorofonn-isoamylalcohol and chlorofonm-isoamylalcohol using standard procedures. Then, the DNA was precipitated by adding 1/50 volume of 3 M sodium acetate and 2 volumes of ethanol, followed by a 30 min incubation at -20 C and a 30 min centrifugation at 12,000 rpm in a high speed centrifuge using a SS34 rotor (Sorvall). The DNA was dissolved in I ml TE-buffer containing 20 g/ml RNaseA and dialysed at 4 C against 1000 ml TE-buffer for at least 3 hours.
During this time, the buffer was exchanged 3 times. To aliquots of 0.4 ml of the dialysed DNA solution, 0.4 ml of 2 M LiCI and 0.8 mI of ethanol are added.
After a 30 min incubation at -20 C, the DNA was collected by centrifugation (13,000 rpm, Biofuge Fresco, Heraeus, Hanau, Germany). The DNA pellet was dissolved in TE-buffer.
DNA
prepared by this procedure could be used for all purposes, including southem blotting or construction of genomic libraries.
Example 2: Construction of genomic libraries in Escherichia coli of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032.
Using DNA prepared as described in Example 1, cosmid and plasmid libraries were constructed according to known and well established methods (see e.g., Sambrook, J. et al.
(1989) "Molecular Cloning : A Laboratory Manual", Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, or Ausubel, F.M. et al. (1994) "Current Protocols in Molecular Biology", John Wiley &
Sons.) Any plasmid or cosmid could be used. Of particular use were the plasmids pBR322 (Sutcliffe, J.G. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 75:3737-3741); pACYC 177 (Change &
Cohen (1978) J. Bacteriol 134:1141-1156), plasmids of the pBS series (pBSSK+, pBSSK- and others; Stratagene, LaJolla, USA), or cosmids as SuperCos 1(Stratagene, LaJolla, USA) or Lorist6 (Gibson, T.J., Rosenthal A. and Waterson, R.H. (1987) Gene 53:283-286.
Gene libraries specifically for use in C. glutamicum may be constructed using plasmid pSL 109 (Lee, H.-S. and A. J. Sinskey (1994) J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 4: 256-263).
Example 3: DNA Sequencing and Computational Functional Analysis Genomic libraries as described in Example 2 were used for DNA sequencing according to standard methods, in particular by the chain termination method using AB1377 sequencing machines (see e.g., Fleischman, R.D. et al. (1995) "Whole-genome Random Sequencing and Assembly of Haemophilus Influenzae Rd., Science, 269:496-512). Sequencing primers with the following nucleotide sequences were used: 5'-GGAAACAGTATGACCATG-3' (SEQ ID NO:783) or 5'-GTAAAACGACGGCCAGT-3' (SEQ ID
NO:784).
Example 4: In vivo Mutagenesis In vivo mutagenesis of Corynebacterium glutamicum can be performed by passage of plasmid (or other vector) DNA through E. coli or other microorganisms (e.g.
Bacillus spp. or yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae) which are impaired in their capabilities to maintain the integrity of their genetic information. Typical mutator strains have mutations in the genes for the DNA repair system (e.g., mutHLS, mutD, mutT, etc.; for reference, see Rupp, W.D.
(1996) DNA repair mechanisms, in: Escherichia coli and Salmonella, p. 2277-2294, ASM:
Washington.) Such strains are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The use of such strains is illustrated, for example, in Greener, A. and Callahan, M. (1994) Strategies 7: 32-34.
Example 5: DNA Transfer Between Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum Several Corynebacterium and Brevibacterium species contain endogenous plasmids (as e.g., pHM 1519 or pBL 1) which replicate autonomously (for review see, e.g., Martin, J.F. et al. (1987) Biotechnology, 5:137-146). Shuttle vectors for Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamieum can be readily constructed by using standard vectors for E. coli (Sambrook, J. et al. (1989), "Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual", Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press or Ausubel, F.M. et al. (1994) "Current Protocols in Molecular Biology", John Wiley & Sons) to which a origin or replication for and a suitable marker from Corynebacierium glulamicum is added. Such origins of replication are preferably taken from endogenous plasmids isolated from Corynebacterium and Brevibacterium species. Of particular use as transformation markers for these species are genes for kanamycin resistance (such as those derived from the Tn5 or Tn903 transposons) or chloramphenicol (Winnacker, E.L. (1987) "From Genes to Clones -Introduction to Gene Technology, VCH, Weinheim). There are numerous examples in the literature of the construction of a wide variety of shuttle vectors which replicate in both E.
coli and C. glulamicum, and which can be used for several purposes, including gene over-expression (for reference, see e.g., Yoshihama, M. et al. (1985) J. Bacteriol.
162:591-597, Martin J.F. et al. (1987) Biotechnology, 5:137-146 and Eikma.nns, B.J. et al.
(1991) Gene, 102:93-98).
Using standard methods, it is possible to clone a gene of interest into one of the shuitle vectors described above and to introduce such a hybrid vectors into strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Transformation of C. glutamicum can be achieved by protoplast transformation (Kastsumata, R. et al. (1984) J. Bacteriol. 159306-311), electroporation (Liebl, E. el al. (1989) FEMSMicrobiol. Letters, 53:399-303) and in cases where special vectors are used, also by conjugation (as described e.g in Schgfer, A et al.

(1990) J. Bacteriol. 172:1663-1666). It is also possible to transfer the shuttle vectors for C. glutamicum to E. coil by preparing plasmid DNA from C. glutamicum (using standard methods well-known in the art) and transforming it into E. coli. This transformation step can be performed using standard methods, but it is advantageous to use an Mcr-deficient E. coli strain, such as NM522 (Gough & Murray (1983) J. Mol. Biol. 166:1-19).
Genes may be overexpressed in C. glutamicum strains using plasmids which comprise pCGI (U.S. Patent No. 4,617,267) or fragments thereof, and optionally the gene for kanamycin resistance from TN903 (Grindley, N.D. and Joyce, C.M.
(1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77(12): 7176-7180). In addition, genes may be overexpressed in C. glutamicum strains using plasmid pSL109 (Lee, H.-S. and A.
J.
Sinskey (1994) J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 4: 256-263).
Aside from the use of replicative plasmids, gene overexpression can also be achieved by integration into the genome. Genomic integration in C. glutamicum or other Corynebacterium or Brevibacterium species may be accomplished by well-known methods, such as homologous recombination with genomic region(s), restriction endonuclease mediated integration (REMI) (see, e.g., DE Patent 19823834), or through the use of transposons. It is also possible to modulate the activity of a gene of interest by modifying the regulatory regions (e.g., a promoter, a repressor, and/or an enhancer) by sequence modification, insertion, or deletion using site-directed methods (such as homologous recombination) or methods based on random events (such as transposon mutagenesis or REMI). Nucleic acid sequences which function as transcriptional terminators may also be inserted 3' to the coding region of one or more genes of the invention; such terminators are well-known in the art and are described, for example, in Winnacker, E.L. (1987) From Genes to Clones - Introduction to Gene Technology.
VCH:
Weinheim.

Example 6: Assessment of the Expression of the Mutant Protein Observations of the activity of a mutated protein in a transformed host cell rely on the fact that the mutant protein is expressed in a similar fashion and in a similar quantity to that of the wild-type protein. A useful method to ascertain the level of transcription of the mutant gene (an indicator of the amount of mRNA available for translation to the gene product) is to perform a Northern blot (for reference see, for example, Ausubel et at.

(1988) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Wiley: New York), in which a primer designed to bind to the gene of interest is labeled with a detectable tag (usually radioactive or chemiluminescent), such that when the total RNA of a culture of the organism is extracted, run on gel, transferred to a stable matrix and incubated with this probe, the binding and quantity of binding of the probe indicates the presence and also the quantity of mRNA for this gene. This information is evidence of the degree of transcription of the mutant gene. Total cellular RNA can be prepared from Corynebacteriuiri glutamicum by several methods, all well-known in the art, such as that described in Bormann, E.R. et al.
(1992) Mol. Microbiol. 6: 317-326.
To assess the presence or relative quantity of protein translated from this mRNA, standard techniques, such as a Western blot, may be employed (see, for example, Ausubel et al. (1988) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Wiley: New York). In this process, total cellular proteins are extracted, separated by gel electrophoresis, transferred to a matrix such as nitrocellulose, and incubated with a probe, such as an antibody, which specifically binds to the desired protein. This probe is generally tagged with a chemiluminescent or colorimetric label which may be readily detected. The presence and quantity of label observed indicates the presence and quantity of the desired mutant protein present in the cell.

Example 7: Growth of Genetically Modified Corynebacterium glutamicum - Media and Culture Conditions Genetically modified Corynebacteria are cultured in synthetic or natural growth media. A number of different growth media for Corynebacteria are both well-known and readily available (Lieb et al. (1989) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 32:205-210; von der Osten et al. (1998) Biotechnology Letters, 11:1 ]-16; Patent DE 4,120,867;
Liebl (1992) "The Genus Corynebacterium, in: The Procaryotes, Volume 11, Balows, A. et al., eds.
Springer-Verlag). These media consist of one or more carbon sources, nitrogen sources, inorganic salts, vitamins and trace elements. Preferred carbon sources are sugars, such as mono-, di-, or polysaccharides. For example, glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, ribose, sorbose, ribulose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, raffinose, starch or cellulose serve as very good carbon sources. It is also possible to supply sugar to the media via complex compounds such as molasses or other by-products from sugar refinement. It can also be advantageous to supply mixtures of different carbon sources. Other possible carbon sources are alcohols and organic acids, such as methanol, ethanol, acetic acid or lactic acid. Nitrogen sources are usually organic or inorganic nitrogen compounds, or materials which contain these compounds. Exemplary nitrogen sources include ammonia gas or ammonia salts, such as NH4CI or (NH4)2SO4, NH4OH, nitrates, urea, amino acids or complex nitrogen sources like corn steep liquor, soy bean flour, soy bean protein, yeast extract, meat extract and others.
Inorganic salt compounds which may be included in the media include the chloride-, phosphorous- or sulfate- salts of calcium, magnesium, sodium, cobalt, molybdenum, potassium, manganese, zinc, copper and iron. Chelating compounds can be added to the medium to keep the metal ions in solution. Particularly useful chelating compounds include dihydroxyphenols, like catechol or protocatechuate, or organic acids, such as citric acid. It is typical for the media to also contain other growth factors, such as vitamins or growth promoters, examples of which include biotin, riboflavin, thiamin, folic acid, nicotinic acid, pantothenate and pyridoxin. Growth factors and salts frequently originate from complex media components such as yeast extract, molasses, corn steep liquor and others. The exact composition of the media compounds depends strongly on the immediate experiment and is individually decided for each specific case.
Information about media optimization is available in the textbook "Applied Microbiol.
Physiology, A
Practical Approach (eds. P.M. Rhodes, P.F. Stanbury, IRL Press (1997) pp. 53-73, ISBN 0 19 963577 3). It is also possible to select growth media from commercial suppliers, like standard l(Merck) or BHI (grain heart infusion, DIFCO) or others.
All medium components are sterilized, either by heat (20 minutes at 1.5 bar and 121 C) or by sterile filtration. The components can either be sterilized together or, if necessary, separately. All media components can be present at the beginning of growth, or they can optionally be added continuously or batchwise.
Culture conditions are defined separately for each experiment. The temperature should be in a range between 15 C and 45'C. The temperature can be kept constant or can be altered during the experiment. The pH of the medium should be in the range of 5 to 8.5, preferably around 7.0, and can be maintained by the addition of buffers to the media.
An exemplary buffer for this purpose is a potassium phosphate buffer.
Synthetic buffers such as MOPS, HEPES, ACES and others can alternatively or simultaneously be used. It is also possible to maintain a constant culture pH through the addition of NaOH or NH,OH during growth. If complex medium components such as yeast extract are utilized, the necessity for additional buffers may be reduced, due to the fact that many complex compounds have high buffer capacities. If a fermentor is utilized for culturing the micro-organisms, the pH can also be controlled using gaseous ammonia.
The incubation time is usually in a range from several hours to several days.
This time is selected in order to permit the maximal amount of product to accumulate in the broth. The disclosed growth experiments can be carried out in a variety of vessels, such as microtiter plates, glass tubes, glass flasks or glass or metal fermentors of different sizes.
For screening a large number of clones, the microorganisms should be cultured in microtiter plates, glass tubes or shake flasks, either with or without baffles. Preferably 100 mi shake flasks are used, filled with 10% (by volume) of the required growth medium. The flasks should be shaken on a rotary shaker (amplitude 25 mm) using a speed-range of 100 - 300 rpm. Evaporation losses can be diminished by the maintenance of a humid atmosphere; alternatively, a mathematical correction for evaporation losses should be performed.
If genetically modified clones are tested, an unmodified control clone or a control clone containing the basic plasmid without any insert should also be tested.
The medium is inoculated to an OD600 of 0.5 - 1.5 using cells grown on agar plates, such as CM plates (10 g/I glucose, 2,5 g/l NaC1, 2 g/1 urea, 10 g/I polypeptone, 5 g/1 yeast extract, 5 g/1 meat extract, 22 g/I NaCI, 2 g/1 urea, 10 g/1 polypeptone, 5 g/l yeast extract, 5 g/1 meat extract, 22 g/1 agar, pH 6.8 with 2M NaOH) that had been incubated at 30 C. Inoculation of the media is accomplished by either introduction of a saline suspension of C.
glutamicum cells from CM plates or addition of a liquid preculture of this bacterium.
Example 8 - In vitro Analysis of the Function of Mutant Proteins The determination of activities and kinetic parameters of enzymes is well established in the art. Experiments to determine the activity of any given altered enzyme must be tailored to the specific activity of the wild-type enzyme, which is well within the ability of one of ordinary skill in the art. Overviews about enzymes in general, as well as specific details concerning structure, kinetics, principles, methods, applications and examples for the determination of many enzyme activities may be found, for example, in the following references: Dixon, M., and Webb, E.C., (1979) Enzymes. Longmans: London; Fersht, (1985) Enzyme Structure and Mechanism.
Freeman: New York; Walsh, (1979) Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms. Freeman: San Francisco; Price, N.C., Stevens, L. (1982) Fundamentals of Enzymology. Oxford Univ.
Press: Oxford; Boyer, P.D., ed. (1983) The Enzymes, 3'd ed. Academic Press:
New York; Bisswanger, H., (1994) Enzymkinetik, 2"d ed. VCH: Weinheim (ISBN
3527300325); Bergmeyer, H.U., Bergmeyer, J., Gral3l, M., eds. (1983-1986) Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, 3'd ed., vol. I-XII, Verlag Chemie: Weinheim; and Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (1987) vol. A9, "Enzymes". VCH: Weinheim, p.
352-363.
The activity of proteins which bind to DNA can be measured by several well-established methods, such as DNA band-shift assays (also called gel retardation assays).
The effect of such proteins on the expression of other molecules can be measured using reporter gene assays (such as that described in Kolmar, H. el al. (1995) EMBO
J. 14:
3895-3904 and references cited therein). Reporter gene test systems are well known and established for applications in both pro- and eukaryotic cells, using enzymes such as beta-galactosidase, green fluorescent protein, and several others.
The determination of activity of membrane-transport proteins can be performed according to techniques such as those described in Gennis, R.B. (1989) "Pores, Channels and Transporters", in Biomembranes, Molecular Structure and Function, Springer: Heidelberg, p. 85-137; 199-234; and 270-322.

Example 9: Analysis of Impact of Mutant Protein on the Production of the Desired Product The effect of the genetic modification in C. glutamicum on production of a desired compound (such as an amino acid) can be assessed by growing the modified microorganism under suitable conditions (such as those described above) and analyzing the medium and/or the cellular component for increased production of the desired product (i.e., an amino acid). Such analysis techniques are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art, and include spectroscopy, thin layer chromatography, staining methods of various kinds, enzymatic and microbiological methods, and analytical chromatography such as high performanee liquid chromatography (see, for example, = ' -126-Ullman, Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, vol. A2, p. 89-90 and p. 443-613, VCH:
Weinheim (1985); Fallon, A. et al., (1987) "Applications of HPLC in Biochemistry" in:
Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol. 17; Rehm et al.
(1993) Biotechnology, vol. 3, Chapter III: "Product recovery and purification", page 469-714, VCH: Weinheim; Belter, P.A. et al. (1988) Bioseparations: downstream processing for biotechnology, John Wiley and Sons; Kennedy, J.F. and Cabral, J.M.S.
(1992) Recovery processes for biological materials, John Wiley and Sons;
Shaeiwitz, J.A. and Henry, J.D. (1988) Biochemical separations, in: Ulmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, vol. B3, Chapter 11, page 1-27, VCH: Weinheim; and Dechow, F.J. (1989) Separation and purification techniques in biotechnology, Noyes Publications.) In addition to the measurement of the final product of fermentation, it is.also possible to analyze other components of the metabolic pathways utilized for the production of the desired compound, such as intermediates and side-products, to determine the overall efficiency of production of the compound. Analysis methods include measurements of nutrient levels in the medium (e.g., sugars, hydrocarbons, nitrogen sources, phosphate, and other ions), measurements of biomass composition and growth, analysis of the production of common metabolites of biosynthetic pathways, and measurement of gasses produced during fermentation. Standard methods for these measurements are outlined in Applied Microbial Physiology, A Practical Approach, P.M. Rhodes and P.F. Stanbury, eds., IRL Press, p. 103-129; 131-163; and 165-(ISBN: 0199635773) and references cited therein.

Example 10: Purification of the Desired Product from C. glutamicum Culture Recovery of the desired product from the C. glutamicum cells or supernatant of the above-described culture can be performed by various methods well known in the art.
If the desired product is not secreted from the cells, the cells can be harvested from the culture by low-speed centrifugation, the cells can be lysed by standard techniques, such as mechanical force or sonication. The cellular debris is removed by centrifugation, and the supematant fraction containing the soluble proteins is retained for further purification of the desired compound. If the product is secreted from the C.
glutamicum cells, then the cells are removed from the culture by low-speed centrifugation, and the supemate fraction is retained for further purification.
The supernatant fraction from either purification method is subjected to chromatography with a suitable resin, in which the desired molecule is either retained on a chromatography resin while many of the impurities in the sample are not, or where the impurities are retained by the resin while the sample is not. Such chromatography steps may be repeated as necessary, using the same or different chromatography resins. One of ordinary skill in the art would be well-versed in the selection of appropriate chromatography resins and in their most efficacious application for a particular molecule to be purified. The purified product may be concentrated by filtration or ultrafiltration, and stored at a temperature at which the stability of the product is maximized.
There are a wide array of purification methods known to the art and the preceding method of purification is not meant to be limiting. Such purification techniques are described, for example, in Bailey, J.E. & Ollis, D.F.
Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, McGraw-Hill: New York (1986).
The identity and purity of the isolated compounds may be assessed by techniques standard in the art, i hese include high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), spectroscopic methods, staining methods, thin layer chromatography, NIRS, enzymatic assay, or microbiologically. Such analysis methods are reviewed in: Patek et al. (1994) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 133-140; Malakhova et al. (1996) Biotekhnologiya 11: 27-32; and Schmidt et al. (1998) Bioprocess Engineer. 19: 67-70. Ulmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, (1996) vol. A27, VCH: Weinheim, p. 89-90, p. 521-540, p. 540-547, p. 559-566, 575-581 and p. 581-587; Michal, G. (1999) Biochemical Pathways: An Atlas of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, John Wiley and Sons; Fallon, A.
el al.
(1987) Applications of HPLC in Biochemistry in: Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol. 17.

Example 11: Analysis of the Gene Sequences of the Invention The comparison of sequences and determination of percent homology between two sequences are art-known techniques, and can be accomplished using a mathematical algorithm, such as the algorithm of Karlin and Altschul (1990) Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci.
USA 87:2264-68, modified as in Karlin and Altschul (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA

90:5873-77. Such an algorithm is incorporated into the NBLAST and XBLAST
programs (version 2.0) of Altschul, et al. (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-10.
BLAST
nucleotide searches can be performed with the NBLAST program, score = 100, wordlength = 12 to obtain nucleotide sequences homologous to SMP nucleic acid molecules of the invention. BLAST protein searches can be performed with the XBLAST program, score = 50, wordlength = 3 to obtain amino acid sequences homologous to SMP protein molecules of the invention. To obtain gapped alignments for comparison purposes, Gapped BLAST can be utilized as described in Altschul et al., (1997) Nucleic Acids Res. 25(17):3389-3402. When utilizing BLAST and Gapped BLAST programs, one of ordinary skill in the art will know how to optimize the parameters of the program (e.g., XBLAST and NBLAST) for the specific sequence being analyzed.
Another example of a mathematical algorithm utilized for the comparison.of sequences is the algorithm of Meyers and Miller ((1988) Comput. Appl. Biosci.
4: 11-17). Such an algorithm is incorporated into the ALIGN program (version 2.0) which is part of the GCG sequence alignment software package. When utilizing the ALIGN
program for comparing amino acid sequences, a PAM 120 weight residue table, a gap length penalty of 12, and a gap penalty of 4 can be used. Additional algorithms for sequence analysis are known in the art, and include ADVANCE and ADAM.
described in Torelli and Robotti (1994) Comput. Appl. Biosci. 10:3-5; and FASTA, described in Pearson and Lipman (1988) P.N.A.S. 85:2444-8.
The percent homology between two amino acid sequences can also be accomplished using the GAP program in the GCG software package (available at http://www.gcg.com), using either a Blosum 62 matrix or a PAM250 matrix, and a gap weight of 12, 10, 8, 6, or 4 and a length weight of 2, 3, or 4. The percent homology between two nucleic acid sequences can be accomplished using the GAP program in the GCG software package, using standard parameters, such as a gap weight of 50 and a length weight of 3.
A comparative analysis of the gene sequences of the invention with those present in Genbank has been performed using techniques known in the art (see, e.g., Bexevanis and Ouellette, eds. (1998) Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide to the Analysis of Genes and Proteins. John Wiley and Sons: New York). The gene sequences of the invention . -129-were compared to genes present in Genbank in a three-step process. In a first step, a BLASTN analysis (e.g., a local alignment analysis) was performed for each of the sequences of the invention against the nucleotide sequences present in Genbank, and the top 500 hits were retained for further analysis. A subsequent FASTA search (e.g., a combined local and global alignment analysis, in which limited regions of the sequences are aligned) was performed on these 500 hits. Each gene sequence of the invention was subsequently globally aligned to each of the top three FASTA hits, using the GAP
program in the GCG software package (using standard parameters). In order to obtain correct results, the length of the sequences extracted from Genbank were adjusted to the length of the query sequences by methods well-known in the art. The results of this analysis are set forth in Table 4. The resulting data is identical to that which would have been obtained had a GAP (global) analysis alone been performed on each of the genes of the invention in comparison with each of the references in Genbank, but required significantly reduced computational time as compared to such a database-wide GAP
(global) analysis. Sequences of the invention for which no alignments above the cutoff values were obtained are indicated on Table 4 by the absence of alignment information.
It will further be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the GAP
alignment homology percentages set forth in Table 4 under the heading "% homology (GAP)"
are listed in the European numerical format, wherein a',' represents a decimal point. For example, a value of "40,345" in this column represents "40.345%".

Example 12: Construction and Operation of DNA Microarrays The sequences of the invention may additionally be used in the construction and application of DNA microarrays (the design, methodology, and uses of DNA
arrays are well known in the art, and are described, for example, in Schena, M. el al.
(1995) Science 270: 467-470; Wodicka, L. et al. (1997) Nature Biotechnology 15: 1359-1367;
DeSaizieu, A. et al. (1998) Nature Biotechnology 16: 45-48; and DeRisi, J.L.
et al.
(1997) Science 278: 680-686).
DNA microarrays are solid or flexible supports consisting of nitrocellulose, nylon, glass, silicone, or other materials. Nucleic acid molecules may be attached to the surface in an ordered manner. After appropriate labeling, other nucleic acids or nucleic acid mixtures can be hybridized to the immobilized nucleic acid molecules, and the label ~ = , may be used to monitor and measure the individual signal intensities of the hybridized molecules at defined regions. This methodology allows the simultaneous quantification of the relative orabsolute amount of all or selected nucleic acids in the applied nucleic acid sample or mixture. DNA microarrays, therefore, penmit an analysis of the expression of multiple (as many as 6800 or more) nucleic acids in parallel (see, e.g., Schena, M. (1996) BioEssays 18(5): 427-431).
The sequences of the invention may be used to design oligonucleotide primers which are able to amplify defined regions of one or more C. glutamicum genes by a nucleic acid amplification reaction such as the polymerase chain reaction. The choice and design of the 5' or 3' oligonucleotide primers or of appropriate linkers allows the covalent attachment of the resulting PCR products to the surface of a support medium described above (and also described, for example, Schena, M. et al. (1995) Science 270:
467-470).
Nucleic acid microarrays may also be constructed by in situ oligonucleotide synthesis as described by Wodicka, L. et al. (1997) Nature Biotechnology 15:

1367. By photolithographic methods, precisely defined regions of the matrix are exposed to light. Protective groups which are photolabile are thereby activated and undergo nucleotide addition, whereas regions that are masked from light do not undergo any modification. Subsequent cycles of protection and light activation permit the synthesis of different oligonucleotides at defined positions. Small, defined regions of the genes of the invention may be synthesized on microarrays by solid phase oligonucleotide synthesis.
The nucleic acid molecules of the invention present in a sample or mixture of nucleotides may be hybridized to the microarrays. These nucleic acid molecules can be labeled according to standard methods. In brief, nucleic acid molecules (e.g., mRNA
molecules or DNA molecules) are labeled by the incorporation of isotopically or fluorescently labeled nucleotides, e.g., during reverse transcription or DNA
synthesis.
Hybridization of labeled nucleic acids to microarrays is described (e.g., in Schena, M. et al. (1995) supra; Wodicka, L. et al. (1997), supra; and DeSaizieu A. et al.
(1998), supra). The detection and quantification of the hybridized molecule are tailored to the specific incorporated label. Radioactive labels can be detected, for example, as , described in Schena, M. et al. (1995) supra) and fluorescent labels may be detected, for example, by the method of Shalon et al. (1996) Genome Research 6: 639-645).
The application of the sequences of the invention to DNA microarray technology, as described above, permits comparative analyses of different strains of C.
glutamicum or other Corynebacteria. For example, studies of inter-strain variations based on individual transcript profiles and the identification of genes that are important for specific and/or desired strain properties such as pathogenicity, productivity and stress tolerance are facilitated by nucleic acid array methodologies. Also, comparisons of the profile of expression of genes of the invention during the course of a fermentation reaction are possible using nucleic acid array technology.

Example 13: Analysis of the Dynamics of Cellular Protein Populations (Proteomics) The genes, compositions, and methods of the invention may be applied to study the interactions and dynamics of populations of proteins, termed 'proteomics'.
Protein populations of interest include, but are not limited to, the total protein population of C.
glutamicum (e.g., in comparison with the protein populations of other organisms), those proteins which are active under specific environmental or metabolic conditions (e.g., during fermentation, at high or low temperature, or at high or low pH), or those proteins which are active during specific phases of growth and development.
Protein populations can be analyzed by various well-known techniques, such as gel electrophoresis. Cellular proteins may be obtained, for example, by lysis or extraction, and may be separated from one another using a variety of electrophoretic techniques. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) separates proteins largely on the basis of their molecular weight. Isoelectric focusing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (IEF-PAGE) separates proteins by their isoelectric point (which reflects not only the amino acid sequence but also posttranslational modifications of the protein). Another, more preferred method of protein analysis is the consecutive combination of both IEF-PAGE and SDS-PAGE, known as 2-D-gel electrophoresis (described, for example, in Hermann et al. (1998) Electrophoresis 19:
3217-3221; Fountoulakis et al. (1998) Electrophoresis 19: 1193-1202; Langen et aL
(1997) Electrophoresis 18: 1184-1192; Antelmann el al. (1997) Electrophoresis 18:

1451-1463). Other separation techniques may also be utilized for protein separation, such as capillary gel electrophoresis; such techniques are well known in the art.
Proteins separated by these methodologies can be visualized by standard techniques, such as by staining or labeling. Suitable stains are known in the art, and include Coomassie Brilliant Blue, silver stain, or fluorescent dyes such as Sypro Ruby (Molecular Probes). The inclusion of radioactively labeled amino acids or other protein precursors (e.g., 35S-methionine, 35S-cysteine, 14C-labelled amino acids, 15N-amino acids, 15NO3 or 15NH4+ or 13C-labelled amino acids) in the medium of C.
glutamicum permits the labeling of proteins from these cells prior to their separation.
Similarly, fluorescent labels may be employed. These labeled proteins can be extracted, isolated and separated according to the previously described techniques.
Proteins visualized by these techniques can be further analyzed by measuring the amount of dye or label used. The amount of a given protein can be determined quantitatively using, for example, optical methods and can be compared to the amount of other proteins in the same gel or in other gels. Comparisons of proteins on gels can be made, for example, by optical comparison, by spectroscopy, by image scanning and analysis of gels, or through the use of photographic films and screens. Such techniques are well-known in the art.
To determine the identity of any given protein, direct sequencing or other standard techniques may be employed. For example, N- and/or C-terminal amino acid sequencing (such as Edman degradation) may be used, as may mass spectrometry (in particular MALDI or ESI techniques (see, e.g., Langen et al. (1997) Electrophoresis 18:
1184-1192)). The protein sequences provided herein can be used for the identification of C. glutamicum proteins by these techniques.
The information obtained by these methods can be used to compare pattems of protein presence, activity, or modification between different samples from various biological conditions (e.g., different organisms, time points of fermentation, media conditions, or different biotopes, among others). Data obtained from such experiments alone, or in combination with other techniques, can be used for various applications, such as to compare the behavior of various organisms in a given (e.g., metabolic) situation, to increase the productivity of strains which produce fine chemicals or to increase the efficiency of the production of fine chemicals.

= ' ~

Equivalents Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize, or will be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the following claims.

Claims

1. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ
ID NO:
53, or a complement thereof.

2. An isolated nucleic acid molecule which encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54, or a complement thereof.

3. An isolated nucleic acid molecule which encodes a naturally occurring allelic variant of a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54, or a complement thereof.

4. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence which is at least 50% identical to the entire nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:53, or a complement thereof.

5. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a fragment of at least 15 contiguous nucleotides of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:53, or a complement thereof.

6. An isolated nucleic acid molecule which encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence which is at least 50% identical to the entire amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54, or a complement thereof.

7. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising the nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 1-6 and a nucleotide sequence encoding a heterologous polypeptide.

8. A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 1-7.

9. The vector of claim 8, which is an expression vector.

10. A host cell transfected with the expression vector of claim 9.

11. The host cell of claim 10, wherein said cell is a microorganism.

12. The host cell of claim 11, wherein said cell belongs to the genus Corynebacterium or Brevibacterium.

13. The host cell of claim 10, wherein the expression of said nucleic acid molecule results in the modulation in production of a fine chemical from said cell.

14. The host cell of claim 14, wherein said fine chemical is: an organic acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a nonproteinogenic amino acid, a purine base, a pyrimidine base, a nucleoside, a nucleotide, a lipid, a saturated fatty acid, an unsaturated fatty acid, a diol, a carbohydrate, an aromatic compound, a vitamin, a cofactor, a polyketide, or an enzyme.

15. A method of producing a polypeptide comprising culturing the host cell of claim 10 in an appropriate culture medium to, thereby, produce the polypeptide.

16. An isolated polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NO:54.

17. An isolated polypeptide comprising a naturally occurring allelic variant of a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54.

18. An isolated polypeptide which is encoded by a nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence which is at least 50% identical to the entire nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:53.

19. An isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence which is at least 50%
identical to the entire amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54.

20. An isolated polypeptide comprising a fragment of a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54, wherein said polypeptide fragment maintains a biological activity of the polypeptide comprising the amino sequence of SEQ ID

NO:54.

21. An isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence which is encoded by a nucleic acid molecule comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:53.

22. The isolated polypeptide of any one of claims 16-21, further comprising a heterologous amino acid sequence.

23. A method for producing a fine chemical, comprising culturing the cell of claim 10 such that the fine chemical is produced.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein said method further comprises the step of recovering the fine chemical from said culture.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein said cell belongs to the genus Corynebacterium or Brevibacterium.

26. The method of claim 23, wherein said cell is: Corynebacterium glutamicum, Corynebacterium herculis, Corynebacterium lilium, Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum, Corynebacterium acetoglutamicum, Corynebacterium acetophilum, Corynebacterium ammoniagenes, Corynebacterium fujiokense, Corynebacterium nitrilophilus, Brevibacterium ammoniagenes, Brevibacterium butanicum, Brevibacterium divaricatum, Brevibacterium flavum, Brevibacterium healii, Brevibacterium ketoglutamicum, Brevibacterium ketosoreductum, Brevibacterium lactofermentum, Brevibacterium linens, Brevibacterium paraffinolyticum, or those strains of Table 3.

27. The method of claim 23, wherein expression of the nucleic acid molecule from said vector results in modulation of production of said fine chemical.

28. The method of claim 23, wherein said fine chemical is: an organic acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a nonproteinogenic amino acid, a purine base, a pyrimidine base, a nucleoside, a nucleotide, a lipid, a saturated fatty acid, an unsaturated fatty acid, a diol, a carbohydrate, an aromatic compound, a vitamin, a cofactor, a polyketide or an enzyme.

29. The method of claim 23, wherein said fine chemical is an amino acid.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein said amino acid is: lysine, glutamate, glutamine, alanine, aspartate, glycine, serine, threonine, methionine, cysteine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine, proline, histidine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, or tryptophan.

31. A method for producing a fine chemical, comprising culturing a cell whose genomic DNA has been altered by the introduction of a nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 1-6.

32. A method for diagnosing the presence or activity of Corynebacterium diphtheria, comprising detecting the presence of at least one of the nucleic acid molecules of any one of claims 1-6 or the polypeptide molecules of any one of claims 16-21, thereby diagnosing the presence or activity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

33. A host cell comprising the nucleic acid molecule of SEQ ID NO:53, wherein the nucleic acid molecule is disrupted.

34. A host cell comprising the nucleic acid molecule of SEQ ID NO:53, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises one or more nucleic acid modifications as compared to the sequence of SEQ ID NO:53.

35. A host cell comprising the nucleic acid molecule of SEQ ID NO:53, wherein the regulatory region of the nucleic acid molecule is modified relative to the wild-type regulatory region of the molecule.