CA2576948A1

CA2576948A1 - Procede de traitement de flux a faible teneur en sulfure d'hydrogene par combustion partielle du flux d'alimentation

Procede de traitement de flux a faible teneur en sulfure d'hydrogene par combustion partielle du flux d'alimentation Download PDF

Info

Publication number: CA2576948A1
Authority: CA; Canada
Prior art keywords: sulfur; phase product; solid oxide; reactor; vapor phase
Prior art date: 1998-01-07
Legal status : Abandoned

Application number

CA002576948A

Other languages

English (en)

Inventor

John Scott Buchanan

Khushrav Erach Nariman

Current Assignee

ExxonMobil Oil Corp

Original Assignee

Individual

Priority date

1998-01-07

Filing date

1999-01-06

Publication date

1999-07-15

1998-01-07 Priority claimed from US09/003,610 external-priority patent/US6030597A/en

1999-01-06 Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual

1999-07-15 Publication of CA2576948A1 publication Critical patent/CA2576948A1/fr

Status Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 title description 4
239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 142
NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 103
239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 64
239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 62
229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 40
239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 40
239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 26
150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 21
239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 18
229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
-1 air Chemical compound 0.000 description 16
229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 10
239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 9
BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 9
230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 9
238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 9
XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical group [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 6
229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 6
229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 5
241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 4
229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
238000005670 sulfation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
229960004643 cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 3
230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
230000019635 sulfation Effects 0.000 description 3
229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 2
DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-IEBWSBKVSA-N (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (1s,3s)-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(Cl)Cl)[C@@H]1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-IEBWSBKVSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
241000251730 Chondrichthyes Species 0.000 description 1
239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
101150051715 Phax gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
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239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229940112669 cuprous oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical class O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
238000004375 physisorption Methods 0.000 description 1
239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1