CA2541255C - Bottleable green tea beverage - Google Patents
Bottleable green tea beverage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2541255C CA2541255C CA2541255A CA2541255A CA2541255C CA 2541255 C CA2541255 C CA 2541255C CA 2541255 A CA2541255 A CA 2541255A CA 2541255 A CA2541255 A CA 2541255A CA 2541255 C CA2541255 C CA 2541255C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- green tea
- bottleable
- tea beverage
- extract
- egcg
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 235000009569 green tea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- WMBWREPUVVBILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N GCG Natural products C=1C(O)=C(O)C(O)=CC=1C1OC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2CC1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 WMBWREPUVVBILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- WMBWREPUVVBILR-WIYYLYMNSA-N (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-o-gallate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1CC2=C(O)C=C(C=C2O[C@@H]1C=1C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 WMBWREPUVVBILR-WIYYLYMNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229940030275 epigallocatechin gallate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 235000020688 green tea extract Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229940094952 green tea extract Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- WMBWREPUVVBILR-GHTZIAJQSA-N (+)-gallocatechin gallate Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC2=C(O)C=C(C=C2O[C@@H]1C=1C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 WMBWREPUVVBILR-GHTZIAJQSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- LVJJFMLUMNSUFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallocatechin gallate Natural products C1=C(O)C=C2OC(C=3C=C(O)C(O)=CC=3)C(O)CC2=C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LVJJFMLUMNSUFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- PXEDJBXQKAGXNJ-QTNFYWBSSA-L disodium L-glutamate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC([O-])=O PXEDJBXQKAGXNJ-QTNFYWBSSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013923 monosodium glutamate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940073490 sodium glutamate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- WMBWREPUVVBILR-NQIIRXRSSA-N (-)-gallocatechin gallate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1CC2=C(O)C=C(C=C2O[C@H]1C=1C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 WMBWREPUVVBILR-NQIIRXRSSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- ADRVNXBAWSRFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechin Natural products OC1Cc2cc(O)cc(O)c2OC1c3ccc(O)c(O)c3 ADRVNXBAWSRFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 235000005487 catechin Nutrition 0.000 description 44
- 229960002989 glutamic acid Drugs 0.000 description 41
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 36
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 30
- 150000001765 catechin Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-DZGCQCFKSA-N (+)-catechin Chemical compound C1([C@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C[C@@H]2O)=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-DZGCQCFKSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229950001002 cianidanol Drugs 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 235000019606 astringent taste Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 16
- DATAGRPVKZEWHA-YFKPBYRVSA-N N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine Chemical compound CCNC(=O)CC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O DATAGRPVKZEWHA-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 9
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229940026510 theanine Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZWLUXSQADUDCSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=O ZWLUXSQADUDCSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000019658 bitter taste Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012734 epicatechin Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 3
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 3
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930184207 Polyphenon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000006468 Thea sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011437 continuous method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- XMOCLSLCDHWDHP-IUODEOHRSA-N epi-Gallocatechin Chemical compound C1([C@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C[C@H]2O)=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 XMOCLSLCDHWDHP-IUODEOHRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019225 fermented tea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940054441 o-phthalaldehyde Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000013809 polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000523 polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012950 reanalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005464 sample preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 2
- XMOCLSLCDHWDHP-SWLSCSKDSA-N (+)-Epigallocatechin Natural products C1([C@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C[C@@H]2O)=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 XMOCLSLCDHWDHP-SWLSCSKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N (2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropansäure Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010011485 Aspartame Proteins 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000206761 Bacillariophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N L-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMOCLSLCDHWDHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-Epigallocatechin Natural products OC1CC2=C(O)C=C(O)C=C2OC1C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 XMOCLSLCDHWDHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003338 L-glutaminyl group Chemical group O=C([*])[C@](N([H])[H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(=O)N([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003121 arginine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000009697 arginine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N aspartame Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000605 aspartame Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003438 aspartame Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010357 aspartame Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005261 aspartic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004403 catechin group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DZYNKLUGCOSVKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N epigallocatechin Natural products OC1Cc2cc(O)cc(O)c2OC1c3cc(O)c(O)c(O)c3 DZYNKLUGCOSVKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006345 epimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl mercaptane Natural products CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144992 flock Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001917 fluorescence detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FTSSQIKWUOOEGC-RULYVFMPSA-N fructooligosaccharide Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO)(OC[C@@]2(OC[C@@]3(OC[C@@]4(OC[C@@]5(OC[C@@]6(OC[C@@]7(OC[C@@]8(OC[C@@]9(OC[C@@]%10(OC[C@@]%11(O[C@H]%12O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%12O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]%11O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]%10O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]9O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]8O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]7O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]6O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]5O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O FTSSQIKWUOOEGC-RULYVFMPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940107187 fructooligosaccharide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940074391 gallic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000004515 gallic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001641 gel filtration chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012789 harvest method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930000223 plant secondary metabolite Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001153 serine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000004400 serine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020374 simple syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M sodium ascorbate Substances [Na+].OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010378 sodium ascorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005055 sodium ascorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M sodium-L-ascorbate Chemical compound [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000008234 soft water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019605 sweet taste sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/16—Tea extraction; Tea extracts; Treating tea extract; Making instant tea
- A23F3/163—Liquid or semi-liquid tea extract preparations, e.g. gels, liquid extracts in solid capsules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/16—Tea extraction; Tea extracts; Treating tea extract; Making instant tea
- A23F3/18—Extraction of water soluble tea constituents
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Tea And Coffee (AREA)
- Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
Abstract
With the object of providing a bottleable green tea beverage for selling hot, a bottleable green tea beverage was prepared, which is a bottleable green tea beverage containing a green tea extract obtained by extracting green tea leaves, wherein the content in epigallocatechin gallate and gallocatechin gallate is 380 mg/l to 1500 mg/l as a total value, the content of glutamic acid is 20 mg/l to 120 mg/l, the diffuse transmittance is 1.0% or less, and the pH is 5 to 7.
Description
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
Bottleable Green Tea Beverage BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a bottleable green tea beverage containing a high concentration of catechins; in particular, the invention relates to a bottleable green tea beverage having an inhibitory effect on the development of sediment during long-term storage when sold hot; furthermore, with improved palatability of the taste provided by the catechins.
RELATED ART STATEMENT
100021 Green tea beverage is an enjoyable drink, as it is a tea beverage that balances taste, such as astringency, flavor, and bitterness. Furthermore, recently, with the change in lifestyle together with the expectation of catechins' contribution to health and the demand for palatability emphasizing the taste that catechins have, bottleable green tea beverages containing high concentrations of catechins have been developed.
[0003] Japanese Patent Publication No. 3329799 and Japanese Patent Publication No.
3338705 disclose a bottleable beverage and a method for preparing a bottleable beverage that determines the mixing proportion and the concentrations of non-epicatechins and epicatechins, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 3342698 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 3360073 disclose a bottleable beverage containing a circular dextrin or a water-soluble macromolecule with the object of preventing the occurrence of sediment in a bottleable beverage containing non-epicatechins and epicatechins.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
100041 As "primary sediment" starts to deposit immediately after beverage preparation, a common green tea beverage is prepared by completely removing this "primary sediment" in the preparation process and then filling a container.
However, a frequently-arising problem is that, after the container has been filled, "secondary sediment" (distinct from "primary sediment"; hereinafter, in the present invention, this "secondary sediment" is simply referred to as "sediment") occurs over time during conservation in the form of supernatant, white cloud, flock (cotton), or precipitate. In particular, when selling a heated green tea beverage bottleable in a PET bottle, the heating promotes the occurrence of sediment, and the sediment occurring inside the container is an important issue, not only to the extent that the flavor and taste of green tea beverage are compromised, but also to the extent that the value of the product will be lost due to its poor appearance.
In this case, the higher concentration of catechins included, the more sediment produced. In addition, a bottleable green tea beverage containing high concentrations of catechins also has the problem of a bad balance occurring between astringency and other tastes, lacks palatability, and even unpleasant feelings are felt.
[0005] It is an object of the present invention to provide a bottleable green tea beverage having a high concentration of catechins with high biological functionality, nonetheless, clarity can be maintained, and flavor and quality are satisfactory from the viewpoint of palatability, and, in particular, a bottleable green tea beverage appropriate for selling hot.
[0006] As a result of earnest studies in view of the aforementioned problems in bottleable green tea beverage containing a high concentration of catechins, the present inventors discovered that, in a bottleable green tea beverage containing a high concentration of catechins, the occurrence of sediment in the bottleable green tea beverage was related to the concentration of glutamic acid and diffuse transmittance and completed the present invention.
[0007] The present invention provides a bottleable green tea beverage containing a green tea extract obtained by extracting green tea leaves with water, wherein the beverage:
Bottleable Green Tea Beverage BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a bottleable green tea beverage containing a high concentration of catechins; in particular, the invention relates to a bottleable green tea beverage having an inhibitory effect on the development of sediment during long-term storage when sold hot; furthermore, with improved palatability of the taste provided by the catechins.
RELATED ART STATEMENT
100021 Green tea beverage is an enjoyable drink, as it is a tea beverage that balances taste, such as astringency, flavor, and bitterness. Furthermore, recently, with the change in lifestyle together with the expectation of catechins' contribution to health and the demand for palatability emphasizing the taste that catechins have, bottleable green tea beverages containing high concentrations of catechins have been developed.
[0003] Japanese Patent Publication No. 3329799 and Japanese Patent Publication No.
3338705 disclose a bottleable beverage and a method for preparing a bottleable beverage that determines the mixing proportion and the concentrations of non-epicatechins and epicatechins, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 3342698 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 3360073 disclose a bottleable beverage containing a circular dextrin or a water-soluble macromolecule with the object of preventing the occurrence of sediment in a bottleable beverage containing non-epicatechins and epicatechins.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
100041 As "primary sediment" starts to deposit immediately after beverage preparation, a common green tea beverage is prepared by completely removing this "primary sediment" in the preparation process and then filling a container.
However, a frequently-arising problem is that, after the container has been filled, "secondary sediment" (distinct from "primary sediment"; hereinafter, in the present invention, this "secondary sediment" is simply referred to as "sediment") occurs over time during conservation in the form of supernatant, white cloud, flock (cotton), or precipitate. In particular, when selling a heated green tea beverage bottleable in a PET bottle, the heating promotes the occurrence of sediment, and the sediment occurring inside the container is an important issue, not only to the extent that the flavor and taste of green tea beverage are compromised, but also to the extent that the value of the product will be lost due to its poor appearance.
In this case, the higher concentration of catechins included, the more sediment produced. In addition, a bottleable green tea beverage containing high concentrations of catechins also has the problem of a bad balance occurring between astringency and other tastes, lacks palatability, and even unpleasant feelings are felt.
[0005] It is an object of the present invention to provide a bottleable green tea beverage having a high concentration of catechins with high biological functionality, nonetheless, clarity can be maintained, and flavor and quality are satisfactory from the viewpoint of palatability, and, in particular, a bottleable green tea beverage appropriate for selling hot.
[0006] As a result of earnest studies in view of the aforementioned problems in bottleable green tea beverage containing a high concentration of catechins, the present inventors discovered that, in a bottleable green tea beverage containing a high concentration of catechins, the occurrence of sediment in the bottleable green tea beverage was related to the concentration of glutamic acid and diffuse transmittance and completed the present invention.
[0007] The present invention provides a bottleable green tea beverage containing a green tea extract obtained by extracting green tea leaves with water, wherein the beverage:
(i) contains both epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) and gallocatechin gailate (GCg) at a total content of 380 mg/I to 1,500 mg/I, provided that GCg is contained at a higher content than that of EGCg, and glutamic acid at a content of 20 mg/I to 120 mg/I, and (ii) has a diffuse transmittance of 1.0 % or less.
[0008] In addition, the invention provides the above bottleable green tea beverage, wherein the product temperature of the bottleable green tea beverage is 50 C to 70 C.
[0009] In addition, the invention provides the above bottleable green tea beverage, wherein the pH is from 5 to 7.
[0010] According to the present invention, among the catechins, EGCg and GCg, which are effective in physiological function, can be effectively ingested.
Further, development of sediment can also be prevented during long-term conservation when sold hot, while at the same time, the flavor and taste that the green tea beverage has intrinsically can be maintained and improved.
Consequently, a bottleable green tea beverage containing high concentrations of catechins can be provided, which is suitable for selling not only from refrigerated to ordinary temperature, but also up to hot temperature.
[0011] Note that, in the present invention, a "green tea beverage" means a beverage containing green tea extract, which is obtained by extracting green tea leaves, and preferably is a beverage containing 50% or more of the extract.
[0012] A "bottleable green tea beverage" means a green tea beverage, which is a green tea beverage that can be drunk without diluting, and which can be provided in the form of a conventional container similar to conventional beverages, such as a formed container made of plastic, for instance, a formed container with polyethylene terephthalate as a main component (so-called PET bottle), a metal can, a paper container combined with a metal foil or a plastic film, or a bottle.
[0013] In addition, in the present invention, "selling hot" means warming a bottleable green tea beverage up to a temperature that allows provision to a ..... t . . . . . ... .... .. . . .. . . . ..... . . . ......: ...... .... .
.,. __ .-,.:.:.x-.. . , ,. ,.. , . ,.. . .. ... ... .. .. .. . ... . ..... .
,... ...............:...
consumer, or the like, in a warm state and maintaining the beverage at this temperature. For instance, this means heating a bottleable green tea beverage by direct exposure, conduction, or radiation from a 50 C to 120 C heat source, or by a microwave, or the like, maintaining the product temperature of the bottleable green tea beverage product at 40 C to 100 C, preferably at 50 C to 70 C, among which 55 C to 60 C is preferred, and providing a consumer or the like, with the tea while this temperature is kept.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0014] In the following, an embodiment of the beverage of the present invention will be described. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described below.
[0015] The bottleable green tea beverage related to the present embodiment is a bottleable green tea beverage, which contains a green tea extract obtained by extracting green tea leaves, containing both epigallocatechin and gallocatechin gallate at a total content of 380 mg/I to 1500 mg/I of epigallocatechin gallate and gallocatechin gallate, provided that gallocatechin gallate is contained at a higher content than epigallocatechin gallate, additionally containing 20 mg/I to 120 mg/I of glutamic acid, and having a diffuse transmittance of 1.0% or less.
[0016] Epigallocatechin gallate (hereinafter referred to as EGCg) and gallocatechin gallate (hereinafter referred to as GCg) are compounds with extremely strong bitterness and astringency, while at the same time they are known to be useful compounds with high biological activity and can be determined and quantified by a method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) that uses detection at ultraviolet wavelengths.
[0017] EGCg, which is an epimer catechin, is a compound in which a catechin backbone and gallic acid are ester-bonded and can be obtained by a method well known in the art, or a method that will be well known in the future.
Specifically, as EGCg exists in natural plants, including tea leaves, it can be obtained by extraction from a natural plant with water or hot water, or a water soluble organic solvent, such as ethanol, or a mixture thereof. Furthermore, in order to increase the content in EGCg, performing concentration or separation/purification is preferred.
[0018] GCg, which is a non-epimer catechin, almost does not exist in natural plants, including tea leaves. However, it can be obtained, for instance, by heat treatment of EGCg at approximately 80 C or more to promote heat isomerization (epimerization).
4a [0019] That is to say, by heating at approximately 80 C or above, purified EGCg or a mixture containing EGCg or a catechin composition containing EGCg, such as a tea extract or an infusion, to promote heat isomerization of EGCg, the concentration in GCg content can be increased. In addition, concentration or separation/purification from this heat-treated compound is also possible to elevate the concentration of GCg.
[0020] In order to include EGCg and GCg, a catechin composition containing EGCg and GCg, such as a tea extract or a commercially available tea extract can be added.
[0021] One or more species among purified EGCg and GCg can be added and mixed so that the composition of EGCg and GCg becomes as desired.
[0022] The glutamic acid used in the present embodiment is preferably L-glutamic acid or sodium L-glutamate salt. In addition, any grade of glutamic acid, for food additive use, for medicinal use or for reagent use, can be used. In addition, materials containing glutamic acid derived from a natural compound can also be used, among which, from the viewpoint of flavor, a material derived from tea is preferred.
For instance, a highly concentrated green tea extract or an extract in which the concentration in glutamic acid has been elevated by removing catechins, polysaccharides, and the like from a green tea extract can be used. The glutamic acid contained in the green tea beverage can be quantified using the HPLC method and an amino acid analyzer.
[0023] In addition to catechins, amino acids are known to contribute to a green tea beverage as components related to the taste (sweet taste, pleasant taste) of a common green tea beverage. The amino acids contained in a green tea beverage are theanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine, serine, and the like, and these are believed to amount to 90% or more of the total amino acid contained in a green tea beverage (Shin Chagyo Zensho, 8th Edition, Chamber of Tea Association of Shizuoka Prefecture, 1988).
[0024] Among these, glutamic acid and salt thereof, in addition to being known as flavorants and food additives as pleasant taste components, are known as additives related to alleviating bitter taste and astringency of food and medicine (Refer to, for instance, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-204036, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-69961, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-160484). In addition, Nakagawa reports the variation of taste structure and palatability in a case where glutamic acid and sucrose were added to a green tea simultaneously (Muneyuki Nakagawa, Taste and Chemical Components of Green Tea, Tea Research Journal, Vol. 40, 1-9, 1973). According to this, it is reported that, when the concentrations of glutamic acid and sucrose added were raised, the intensities regarding bitter taste and astringency tended to increase with a glutamic acid concentration of 1%; these intensities decreased with an addition of 2% to 4%, and palatability decreased with the addition of glutamic acid and sucrose, the taste becoming unpleasant and not qualifying as that of a green tea.
[0025] It is important that bottleable green tea beverage related to the present embodiment has a diffuse transmittance of 1.0% or less, and being from 0.1% to 1.0%
is important, taking measurement limitation into consideration. If 1.0% or less, occurrence of sediment can be prevented, even when serving bottleable green tea beverage for selling hot.
[0026] Regarding adjustment of diffuse transmittance, the adjustment can be performed by supplying a green tea extract, which is to be a raw material of the bottleable green tea beverage, to an ultrafiltration step by sampling a portion from any of the green tea extracts immediately after the ultrafiltration step or before and after the heat sterilization step, or a bottleable green tea beverage immediately after manufacture, measuring the diffuse transmittance for each lot and managing adequately with the criteria of 1.0% or less. In addition, it has been verified that, once adjusted, the diffuse transmittance almost does not change, even if the bottleable green tea beverage is stored under heat (for two weeks at 60 C).
[0027] Even if the diffuse transmittance is more than 1.00%, in the present invention, the diffuse transmittance is taken as within the criteria of 1.0% or less as long as it can be rounded to the first decimal place and become include the range of 1.0% or less, as long as the value allows occurrence of sediment to be prevented.
[0028] Here, the diffuse transmittance is measured according to JIS K7105.
Regarding diffuse transmittance, a relationship exists between the total light transmittance and haze as in the following formula:
[0029] (Formula 1) Haze (%) = (diffuse transmittance/total light transmittance) x 100 [0030] The diffuse transmittance can be obtained, using a commercially available hazemeter, by placing a sample in a glass cell whose optical path length is known and directly measuring the transmitted scattering light.
[0031] (Method for Preparing a Bottleable green tea beverage) [0032] The bottleable green tea beverage related to the present embodiment can be prepared by, for instance, extracting green tea leaves with water or hot water, thereafter, mixing a catechin composition containing predetermined catechins to adjust the quantities of EGCg and GCg, furthermore, adding glutamic acid to adjust this quantity, while at the same time performing ultrafiltration so that the diffuse transmittance of the product becomes 1.0% or less, and in other steps by a similar method to common green tea beverages. Natural tea flavor can be drawn according to such a preparation method, which is preferred. In the following, one aspect of the method for preparing the bottleable green tea beverage related to the present embodiment will be described;
however, the invention is not limited to this embodiment.
[0033] (Raw Tea Leaves) [0034] As long as they are leaves collected from a tea plant (scientific name:
Camellia sinensis), any tea species can be considered as the tea leaves to be used as raw materials, without limitation to the type, production region, harvest period, harvest method, cultivate method thereof, and the like. Fresh tea leaves and the like (containing leaf and stem) can also be used as raw tea leaves. In addition, any type among Sen-cha, Kamairi-cha, Kabuse-cha, Gyokuro, Ten-cha, Matcha, Ban-cha, Houji-cha, steamed Tamaryoku-cha, pan-fired Tamaryoku-cha, Ureshino-cha, Aoyagi-cha, and the like can be used as raw tea leaves, as long as it is crude tea obtained by crude tea processing, which stops enzymatic activity by such means as steaming or roasting of these fresh tea leaves and the like, or refined tea based thereon. In addition, two or more types of these crude teas or refined teas may be combined, and preparation may include a flavorant.
[0035] (Extraction Step) [0036] Extraction of green tea leaves that allows extraction of green tea component to be performed taking the flavor into account is sufficient, with no particular limitation on the extraction method, extraction conditions, and the like. For instance, the extraction temperature range can be from cold water to hot water. In addition, an extract extracted with cold water and an extract extracted with hot water can be combined and used. The settings for the amount of extraction water and the extraction time can be set at will to suit the extraction temperature range and the required extraction efficiency. Also, the extractor only needs to have a structure that allows sufficient extraction work to be carried out, and, for instance, a kneader or the like can be used. Stirring and pressure adjustment (pressurized extraction) are adequately performed as necessary during extraction. In addition to pure water, hard water, soft water and ion-exchanged water, ascorbic acid-containing aqueous solution, pH-adjusted water, and the like can be given as examples of extraction water used in the extraction.
[0037] Adequately, the green tea extract obtained by extraction is cooled to the order of 5 C to 40 C as necessary; at the same time, or before or after, ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate or the like is added to the green tea extract as necessary, which is adjusted to be acidic (pH 4 to 5). By carrying out cooling or acidity adjustment, or both, of the green tea extract, oxidation of the extracted components can be prevented, while at the same time components causing primary sediment can be precipitated and the efficiency of filtration carried out in the subsequent step can be increased.
[0038] (Ultrafiltration Step) [0039] Next, the green tea extract extracted as described above is subjected to ultrafiltration. Ultrafiltration allows the diffuse transmittance to be 1.0%
or less while keeping the original flavor of green tea, and as a result, the occurrence of sediment when the green tea extract is turned into bottleable green tea beverage can be suppressed suitably.
[0040] In the present embodiment, ultrafiltration means filtration (separation) that removes substances of roughly 1 m or larger, and, for instance, filtration by diatomaceous earth, filter filtration, MF membrane separation, UF membrane separation, and the like can be cited, among which kieselguhr filtration is preferred. In addition, two or more of these filtration methods may be used concomitantly.
[0041] Here, kieselguhr filtration is a cake filtration using diatomaceous earth as a filter aid. Diatomaceous earth is the earth resulting over long years from phytoplanktons called diatoms which deposited at the bottom of the sea or the bottom of a lake and fossilized, accumulating microscopic diatom clusters. As the diameter is from several to several tens of micrometers, and there are numerous microscopic holes of 0.1 m to 1.0 m on the surface, forming a compact cake layer of filter aid on a wire mesh or a filter cloth allows a clarified solution to be obtained at filtration time. The main component of diatomaceous earth is silica (Si02), in particular, amorphous silica, those purified by firing being generally used in filter aid applications.
[0042] Diatomaceous earth can be used as long as it is diatomaceous earth used as a filter aid, such as diatomaceous earth ore that has been ground and dried, or ground and dried and further fired or flux fired, among which a kieselguhr filter aid with 0.05 to 0.1 Darcy is preferably used. Preparation of a much clearer bottleable green tea beverage is possible by using a kieselguhr filter aid with 0.05 to 0.1 Darcy.
[0043] "Kieselguhr filter aid with 0.05 to 0.1 Darcy" means a kieselguhr filter aid with a Darcy transmittance K in the range of 0.05 to 0.1. "Darcy transmittance K" is an index to indicate the permeability of a filter aid and can be determined by water permeation method or air permeation method.
[0044] In addition, for the diatomaceous earth used in the present embodiment, the use of diatomaceous earth from which iron has been removed by elution with acid treatment is preferred. This is not only because iron influences taste in green tea beverages, but additionally because it is also the cause of browning. In addition, another filter aid, such as silica gel, pearlite, or cellulose may be mixed and used with diatomaceous earth.
100451 As a method for kieselguhr filtration, it suffices to add diatomaceous earth of a desired amount to green tea extract, carry out suitable stirring or auto-circulation by a pump, to contact green tea extract and diatomaceous earth for a predetermined time, then, separate and remove diatomaceous earth with a filtration unit. In so doing, the batch method or the semi-continuous method can be chosen according to the amount of green tea extract treated. As one example of semi-continuous method, it suffices to precoat the support surface of the membrane filter with diatomaceous earth, and while injecting (body feeding) kieselguhr filtration agent as necessary to the green tea extract, which becomes a stock solution, send the stock solution to the precoated filtration unit.
In so doing, as preparing two or more filtration units to carry out cake extraction and reverse-wash with one during filtration with the other is effective, it is preferred.
[00461 It suffices to adjust the amount of diatomaceous earth used and the contact time depending on the amount or concentration of the stock solution of green tea extract used. For instance, when the green tea extract is prepared using an amount of extraction water of 20 to 100 fold with respect to the raw tea leaves, if, in terms of total amount of precoating and body feed, 0.1 to 5 mass percent per green tea extract is contacted for 5 minutes to 120 minutes, the diffuse transmittance can suitably become 1.0% or less.
[00471 In order to eliminate primary sediment occurring during extraction, a coarse filtration step can also be introduced prior to the ultrafiltration step.
Here, the coarse filtration step is a step for eliminating extraction residues, such as tea leaves and large particles. For instance, stainless filter, flannel cloth, strainer, centrifugal separation, and other general filtration method to eliminate extraction residues can be suitably used in combination. In addition, primary sediment may be eliminated at the same time in the ultrafiltration step.
[0048] (Combination) ...... I ... ... ... .. . .. . :.. ... ........ ,.. ....: ..>.. ....... ..
...... , ....:. . ..... . .. ,...... .,.... ... .<...:... , ......,:.. .
......... . . . . . . ...... , ._......
[0049] Next, a predetermined catechin composition is added to the green tea extract prepared as described above to adjust the amount of EGCg and GCg so that the total concentration of EGCg and GCg is 380 mg/l to 1500 mg/l, preferably 590 mg/l to mg/l.
[0050] A green tea beverage containing a total concentration of 380 mg/l to mg/1 in EGCg and GCg allows EGCg and GCg to be effectively drunk, which, among the catechins, are effective in physiological function and allows bottleable green tea beverage having taste palatability to be provided.
[0051] The catechin composition can be prepared by means of adjustment of the amount of EGCg and GCg by adding one or more species of purified EGCg and GCg.
In addition, tea extracts obtained by extracting tea leaves from non-fermented tea, semi-fermented tea, or fermented tea with water, hot water, or water-soluble organic solvent, and further carrying out a predetermined purification and concentration, and commercially available tea extracts can also be used to adjust the amount of EGCg and GCg. For instance, THEA-FLAN*30E, THEA-FLAN* 30A, THEA-FLAN*W, THEA-~ *
FLAN 90S (all. manufactured by ITO EN Co., LTD.), SUNFLAVONE HG (Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd.), POLYPHENON 70A, POLYPHENON E (Mitsui Norin Co., Ltd.), Theacalone* 90S (Tokiwa Phytochemical Co., Ltd.), CTP-95 (Citimex), Greenselect *
(Indena), Tea-Fresh*80S (Japan Chlorophyll Co., Ltd.), TEAVIGO*(DSM
Nutritional Products), or the like can be used.
[0052] Here, as an adjustment of the proportion of EGCg and GCg, an adjustment can be carried out, in which only purified EGCg or a tea extract containing large amounts of EGCg is added, treated with heat in a subsequent step, and isomerized into GCg from EGCg to raise the proportion of GCg. In particular, performing heat isomerization of EGCg at the same time as heat sterilization of the bottleable green tea beverage to include EGCg and GCg is suitable. Although the proportion of EGCg and GCg varies due to heat isomerization, the amount of catechins almost does not change if close to pH neutrality and below.
*Trade-mark 1 1 [0053] The bottleable green tea beverage related to the present embodiment can also be prepared by obtaining a temporary intermediate by removing a portion or the entirety, preferably from 50% to 100%, more preferably from 70% to 100%, of the catechins contained in the green tea extract immediately after extraction and then adding the above-mentioned catechin composition, such as a tea extract.
[0054] As a method for removing catechins from green tea extract, removal methods, such as resin adsorption by a synthetic adsorption resin or the like, membrane separation by an ultrafiltration membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane, gel filtration chromatography, solvent extraction, can be used. Among these, resin adsorption using PVPP, which is a synthetic adsorption resin, as it allows catechins to be adsorbed selectively, is suitable as a method for removing catechins. Furthermore, the method for removing catechins, which is an invention by the present applicants (Patent 3315304), is particularly suitable. In so doing, the amount of the synthetic adsorption resin PVPP is adequately selected depending on the quantity or concentration of catechin composition contained in the green tea extract.
[0055] Next, glutamic acid is added to the green tea extract to adjust the concentration of glutamic acid to be from 20 mg/l to 120 mg/l, preferably from 24 mg/l to 113 mg/l, and more preferably from 38 mg/l to 113 mg/1.
100561 In general, since glutamic acid contained in green tea leaves is extracted in a green tea extract, the concentration of glutamic acid contained in a green tea extract depends on the concentration of green tea extract. Consequently, it suffices to adjust the amount of glutamic acid added according to the extraction conditions of green tea leaves. Furthermore, it suffices to add and dissolve the glutamic acid before the green tea extract extracted in the extraction step becomes held in a container, and preferably, a step for adjusting the amounts of EGCg and GCg, then adding and dissolving the glutamic acid may be established. In addition, a material containing a high concentration of glutamic acid may be added as well.
[0057] In addition, an additive, such as oxidation inhibitor, emulsifying agent, preservative, pH adjuster, flavor, seasoning agent, edulcorant, acidulant, quality stabilizer, alone or in combination, may be mixed in the bottleable green tea beverage related to the present embodiment.
[0058] For instance, vitamin C (ascorbic acid or ascorbic acid salt), vitamin E, cysteine, and the like can be used as oxidation inhibitor; in particular, inclusion of 0.005 to 0.2 mass percent of vitamin C is adequate. In addition, if the pH is adjusted to to 7, and among this range, to 5.5 to 6.5, using sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, or the like as a pH adjuster, the flavor and stability during conservation of the green tea beverage can be kept, which is therefore preferred.
[0059] For instance, glucose, fructose, isomerized liquid sugar syrup, fructooligosaccharide, emulsified oligosaccharide, soybean oligosaccharide, cyclodextrin, aspartame, rakanka extract, and the like may be used as edulcorant, and in particular, including 0.01 to 1.0 mass percent of cyclodextrin is adequate.
By mixing these additives alone or in combination, a more suitable beverage can be provided. In addition, the beverage can be suitably diluted with water to adjust the concentration of catechins and mixture to be at drinking concentration.
[0060] (Containment) [0061] The bottleable green tea beverage related to the present embodiment can be provided in the form of a conventional container similar to conventional beverages, such as a formed container made of plastic, for instance, a formed container with polyethylene terephthalate as a main component (so-called PET bottle), a metal can, a paper container combined with a metal foil or a plastic film, or a bottle, and is prepared by filling these containers with the green tea beverage prepared as described above.
During this filling, if the filling environment or the container interior is substituted with inert gas, such as nitrogen gas, oxidation of the bottleable green tea beverage is adequately prevented.
[0062] Further, if a metal can is to be filled, heat sterilization is carried out under conditions defined by Food Sanitation Law after the container has been filled.
For those containers that cannot be retort sterilized, such as PET bottle and paper container, a method is adopted in which heat sterilization is carried out under similar sterilization conditions as described above, for instance, with a plate heat exchanger and the like, then cooling to a given temperature and filling the container. In addition, under sterile conditions, a container can be filled by mixing another component.
Furthermore, operations, such as heat sterilizing under acidic conditions, then returning the pH to neutrality under sterile conditions, or heat sterilizing under neutral pH
conditions, then adjusting the pH under sterile conditions, are also possible.
[0063] (Evaluation of Diffuse Transmittance) [0064] The diffuse transmittance of green tea beverage related to the present embodiment is measured using a hazemeter and managed with the criteria that it is 1.0% or less.
[0065] It suffices to carry out the measurement of diffuse transmittance in any among a green tea extract immediately after an ultrafiltration step, or before or after a heat sterilization step, or a bottleable green tea beverage immediately after manufacturing.
A manufacturing condition is preferably applied, where a portion of each lot of a green tea beverage is sampled and the diffuse transmittance is measured as described previously so that it is 1.0% or less, for among which, a green tea beverage immediately prior to filling in case a metal can, or a green tea beverage after heat sterilization in case a container that cannot be retort sterilized, such as a PET bottle or a paper container.
[0066] In general, for a green tea beverage subjected to ultrafiltration under the conditions described previously, the diffuse transmittance is 1.0% or less.
However, in the event the diffuse transmittance is measured and the value exceeds 1.0%, it suffices to subject it to ultrafiltration again.
EXAMPLE
[0067] Examples of the present invention will be shown in the following;
however, the scope of the patent is not limited to the examples.
[0068] (Quantitation of Catechins) [0069] The HPLC gradient method was used for the component analysis of catechins.
The analytical conditions were as follows:
Column: YMC J'sphere ODS-H80 cp 4.6x250 mm Mobile phase:
Gradient elution method using Solution A: acetonitrile:water:phosphoric acid = 5:94.9:0.1 Solution B: acetonitrile:water:phosphoric acid = 50:49.9:0.1 (The programs for the gradients are shown in Table 1.) Amount injected: 10 L
Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min.
Detection: UV 230 nm Column temperature: 40 C
[0070] [Table 1]
Program (min) Flow rate Solution A Solution B
(ml/min) (%) (%) INITIAL 1.0 95 5 5.0 1.0 95 5 10.0 1.0 90 10 15.0 1.0 90 10 25.0 1.0 80 20 40.0 1.0 80 20 45.0 1.0 20 80 55.0 1.0 20 80 60.0 1.0 95 5 74.0 1.0 95 5 [0071] Calibration curve construction method: Each catechin reference product (manufactured by Kurita Water Industries Ltd) was diluted with distilled water to obtain three concentrations in a range on the order of 10 ppm to 100 ppm to prepare the standard solutions. Standard solutions at each concentration were respectively injected into the HPLC, and a three-point calibration curve was constructed beforehand from the obtained peak area values and the concentrations.
[0072] Sample preparation method: 5 ml of sample to be quantified and characterized was accurately measured, introduced into a 50 ml volumetric flask, the volume was adjusted with distilled water, the resulting solution was filtered with a 0.45-m membrane filter, then injected into HPLC and quantified with the three-point calibration curve method described previously.
[0073] When a value was shown to exceed a range of the calibration curve, the dilution factor was further increased to allow for a quantitation within the limits, and a reanalysis was performed.
[0074] (Separation and Quantitation of Glutamic Acid and Theanine) [0075] Glutamic acid and theanine were quantified by the HPLC method using fluorescence detection with the ortho-phthalaldehyde reaction solution. The analytical conditions were as follows:
Column: Wakosil-II 5C18HG cp 4.6 x 250 mm Mobile phase:
Gradient elution method using:
Solution A: 50 mM sodium acetate (adjusted to pH 6.0 with acetic acid) Solution B: 100% acetonitrile (The programs for the gradients are shown in Table 2.) Color reagent: o-phthalaldehyde reagent (OPA) o-phthalaldehyde in the amounts of 246 mg was dissolved in 20 ml of 0.1 M
boric acid buffer solution (adjusted to pH 10.0 with 1 M NaOH), and 200 L of mercaptoethanol was added.
Amount injected: 5 m each of OPA, sample and OPA; 15 m total Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min Detection: fluorescence detector with excitation wavelength at 340 nm and detection wavelength at 455 nm Column temperature: 40 C
[00761 [Table 2]
Program (min) Flow rate Solution A Solution B Gradient curve (ml/min) (%) (%) INITIAL 1.0 88 12 *
10.00 1.0 88 12 11 10.01 1.0 84 16 11 25.00 1.0 84 16 11 25.01 1.0 82 18 11 40.00 1.0 82 18 11 45.00 1.0 55 45 6 60.00 1.0 55 45 11 61.00 1.0 88 12 6 76.00 1.0 88 12 11 [0077] Calibration curve construction method: glutamic acid (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), theanine (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.) reference products were respectively diluted with distilled water to obtain three concentrations in a range on the order of 1 ppm to 30 ppm to prepare the standard solutions. Standard solutions at each concentration were respectively injected into the HPLC, and a three-point calibration curve was constructed from the obtained peak area values and the concentrations.
[0078] Sample preparation method: 5 ml of sample was accurately measured, introduced into a 25-ml volumetric flask, the volume was adjusted with distilled water, the resulting solution was filtered with a 0.45- m membrane filter, then injected into HPLC and quantified by the standard reagent solution with the three-point calibration curve method.
[0079] When a value was shown to exceed a range of the calibration curve, the dilution factor was further increased to allow for a quantitation within the limits, and a reanalysis was performed.
[0080] (Measurement of Diffuse Transmittance) [0081] The diffuse transmittance was analyzed for beverages canned immediately after manufacturing and for canned beverages stored after manufacturing at 60 C for two weeks, according to the method described in JIS K7105, using the hazemeter HM-150 manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory at a product temperature of 25 C.
[0082] (Evaluation of Sediment Occurrence) [0083] The situation of sediment occurrence was evaluated visually for green tea beverages bottled in heat-resistant bottles after storage at 4 C or 60 C for two weeks.
-: none +: slight sedimentation (fine powders present) ++: some sedimentation +++: fair amount of sediment ++++: large amount of sediment +++++: extremely large amount of sediment [0084] (Sensory Evaluation) [0085] For the sensory characteristics, beverages stored at 25 C for two weeks, and beverages from samples stored at 25 C, which were warmed to 60 C immediately before sensory evaluation, were scored by five trained examiners according to the evaluation sheet of Table 3 for each of "irritation upon mouth contact,"
"astringency,"
and "thickness," which characterize a green tea beverage, using a seven-stage evaluation. In addition, the overall "tastiness" as green tea beverage, which takes into account the balance of "irritation upon mouth contact," "astringency," and "thickness,"
and other tastes, was also evaluated.
[0086] [Table 3]
Score Irritation upon Astringency Thickness Tastiness mouth contact 1 Extremely strong Extremely Extremely Extremely not tasty, strong weak not acceptable 2 Strong Strong Weak Not tasty, not acceptable 3 Rather strong Rather strong Rather weak Rather not tasty, but acceptable 4 Neither Neither Neither Ordinary Rather weak Rather weak Rather strong Rather tasty 6 Weak Weak Strong Tasty 7 Extremely weak Extremely Extremely Extremely tasty weak strong [0087] (Overall Evaluation) [0088] The product value as bottleable green tea beverage was assessed by gathering the results from the evaluation of sediment occurrence and the sensory evaluation.
[0089] Excellent: is extremely desirable as heated, ordinary temperature, or refrigerated bottleable green tea beverage Good: is suitable as heated, ordinary temperature, or refrigerated bottleable green tea beverage Comparatively poor: is suitable as ordinary temperature or refrigerated bottleable green tea beverage, but not suited for heating Poor: not suitable as bottleable green tea beverage [0090] (Example) [0091] An extract obtained by extracting 60.0 g of green tea with 2500 ml of ion-exchanged water at 60 C for 5 minutes was crudely filtered with a mesh and then cooled to 25 C or below. Thereafter, 3.0 g of ascorbic acid was added, centrifugal separation (using the SA1 continuous centrifugal separator manufactured by Westfalia at a flow rate of 300 1/h, a rotation speed of 10000 rpm, and a centrifugal sedimentation surface of 1000 m2) was performed, and then kieselguhr filtration (contact time: 30 minutes; filtration using 100 g of acid-treated diatomaceous earth with a Darcy value of 0.1, with 0.15 g/cm2 per filtration area, by pressure) was carried out.
Thereafter 4.0 g of ascorbic acid and sodium glutamate (manufactured by Hayashi Pure Chemical Industry, Ltd.; food additive) and epigallocatechin gallate TEAVIGO (DSM
Nutritional Products) as shown in Table 4 were added so as to obtain various concentrations to the kieselguhr-filtered green tea extract; then, water was added as ion-exchanged water;
furthermore, sodium bicarbonate was used to adjust the pH to 6.0 to 6.1, and the weight of the extract was adjusted to 10 kg. After adjustment, the temperature of the extract was heated up to 90 C and the solution was canned by filling a steel can.
Next, the filling beverage was heat sterilized (123 C, 10 minutes) to prepare a bottleable green tea beverage. One container of the prepared bottleable green tea beverage was opened, a fraction of the green tea beverage inside the container was sampled, and the concentration of each component and the diffuse transmittance immediately after manufacturing were measured. In addition, for sediment observation, a transparent heat-resistant bottle was filled separately and heat sterilized as described previously to prepare a bottleable green tea beverage.
[0092] The concentration of each component and the results of the above-mentioned evaluation from Examples 1 to 6 are shown in Table 4.
[0093] [Table 4]
Unit for each component: mg/1 Example Example Example Example Example Example Bx 0.398 0.392 0.397 0.409 0.281 0.308 pH 6.11 6.09 6.07 6.08 6.10 6.00 EGCg (A) 459.8 470.1 444.6 454.0 182.3 273.1 GCg (B) 540.5 549.5 521.6 532.6 215.0 318.9 A + B 1000.3 1019.6 966.2 986.6 397.3 592.0 8 catechin species 1251.9 1275.6 1208.2 1235.8 602.0 807.0 Glutamic acid 39.9 24.6 77.3 113.1 23.7 25.3 Theanine 15.7 15.7 15.2 14.1 16.2 16.1 Diffuse transmittance %
(immediately after 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 manufacturing) Diffuse transmittance %
(after two weeks at 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 60 C) Occurrence of sediment (after two weeks at 4 C) - - - -Occurrence of sediment (after two weeks at - - - - - -60 C) Irritation upon mouth contact 4.2 3.0 4.6 5.6 6.2 5.2 (for 25 C drink) Astringency 3.6 2.8 4.6 5.4 5.8 5.4 (for 25 C drink) Thickness 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.0 4.0 (for 25 C drink) Irritation upon mouth 4.0 3.2 4.8 5.6 6.2 5.2 contact (for 60 C drink) Astringency 3.8 3.2 5.4 5.8 6.0 5.2 (for 60 C drink) Thickness 4.4 4.4 3.6 3.8 3.6 4.2 (for 60 C drink) Tastiness 3.6 3.0 4.8 5.2 5.0 6.0 (for 25 C drink) Tastiness 3.8 3.4 4.8 5.0 5.0 6.0 (for 60 C drink) Overall score Good Good Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent [0094] (Comparative Examples) [0095] For Comparative Example 1, bottleable green tea beverage was prepared with a similar procedure to the Example, except that kieselguhr filtration after centrifugal separation was not carried out glutamic acid was not added.
[0096] For Comparative Examples 3 and 5, bottleable green tea beverage was prepared with a similar procedure to the Example, except that kieselguhr filtration after centrifugal separation was not carried out.
[0097] For Comparative Example 2, bottleable green tea beverage was prepared with a similar procedure to the Example, except that glutamic acid was not added.
[0098] For Comparative Example 4, bottleable green tea beverage was prepared with a similar procedure to the Example, except that the glutamic acid content was 14.1mg.
[0099] The concentration of each component and the results of the above-mentioned evaluation for Comparative Examples 1 to 5 are shown in Table 5.
[0100] [Table 5]
Unit for each component: mg/1 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Bx 0.390 0.396 0.398 0.389 0.471 pH 6.03 6.01 6.08 6.05 5.99 EGCg (A) 470.5 466.7 449.8 467.9 494.9 GCg (B) 545.8 539.2 524.0 545.2 575.7 A+ B 1016.3 1005.9 973.8 1013.1 1070.6 8 catechin species 1268.1 1257.3 1217.4 1265.1 1319.3 Glutamic acid 6.3 6.8 38.5 14.1 455 Theanine 12.8 14.9 14.8 14.1 18.6 Diffuse transmittance %
(immediately after 4.6 0.2 4.5 0.2 5.4 manufacturing) Diffuse transmittance % 4.5 0.2 4.6 0.3 5.3 (after two weeks at 60 C) Occurrence of sediment - -(after two weeks at 4 C) Occurrence of sediment ++++ ++ ++++ + +++++
(after two weeks at 60 C) Irritation upon mouth contact 3.6 2.6 4.0 3.0 4.6 (for 25 C drink) Astringency (for 25 C 2.8 2.4 2.8 2.6 5.0 drink) Thickness 3.8 3.6 3.2 3.8 4.2 (for 25 C drink) Irritation upon mouth contact 3.6 2.8 4.2 3.4 4.4 (for 60 C drink) Astringency (for 60 C 2.6 2.2 3.4 2.6 5.2 drink) Thickness 4.2 4.0 3.6 4.4 4.4 (for 60 C drink) Tastiness 2.8 2.0 2.8 2.4 2.0 (for 25 C drink) Tastiness 3.0 2.8 4.0 2.8 2.2 (for 60 C drink) Overall score Poor Poor Poor Compara- Poor tively poor [0101] (Discussion) [0102] Evaluation results for Examples 1 to 6 are shown in Table 4. In Examples I to 4, with a total concentration in EGCg and GCg of approximately 1000 mg/l (total amount of 8 catechin species of approximately 1200 mg/1 to 1300 mg/1) and various concentrations of glutamic acid (approximately 25 mg/1 to 110 mg/1), the occurrence of sediment could be suppressed in any of the examples. In addition, in the sensory evaluation, "irritation upon mouth contact," "astringency," and "thickness"
were balanced at both 25 C and 60 C, and it was found that "tastiness" also increases with the glutamic acid content.
[0103] In addition, in Examples 5 and 6, with a total concentration in EGCg and GCg of approximately 400 mg/l to 600 mg/l (total amount of 8 catechin species of approximately 600 mg/1 to 800 mg/1) and the concentration of glutamic acid of approximately 25 mg/l, the occurrence of sediment could be suppressed as in Examples I to 4; as for sensory evaluation, the balance of "irritation upon mouth contact,"
"astringency" and "thickness," and "tastiness" were better for both 25 C and 60 C.
[0104] Consequently, the overall score of bottleable green tea beverages of Examples I to 6 being excellent in their conservability at low temperature and when heated, as well as their senses at ordinary temperature and when heated, they are suitable as bottleable green tea beverages, among which, Examples 3 to 6 were found to be extremely good.
[0105] Meanwhile, evaluation results for Comparative Examples 1 to 5 are shown in Table 5. For Comparative Examples 1, 3, and 5, in which kieselguhr filtration after centrifugation filtration was not carried out, occurrence of sediment was observed noticeably after conservation at 60 C. In addition, for Comparative Examples 2 and 4, in which kieselguhr filtration was carried out, but glutamic acid content was less compared to Examples 1 to 6, the occurrence of sediment was also observed after conservation at 60 C.
[0106] In addition, regarding sensory evaluation, in Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 4 with a total concentration in EGCg and GCg of approximately 1000 mg/l (total amount of 8 catechin species of approximately 1200 mg/l to 1300 mg/1) and various concentrations of glutamic acid (approximately 6 mg/1 to 14 mg/1), "irritation upon mouth contact," "astringency," and "thickness" were enhanced compared to Examples 1 to 4 with the same order of catechin concentration, and the overall "tastiness" was found to be either similar or less.
[0107] Next, for Comparative Example 5 with a total concentration in EGCg and GCg of approximately1000 mg/l (total amount of 8 catechin species of approximately mg/1) and a concentration in glutamic acid of approximately 455 mg/1, although "irritation upon mouth contact," "astringency," and "thickness" were balanced by the effect provided by the taste of glutamic acid, due to the taste of glutamic acid being too pronounced, the extent was not acceptable in terms of overall "tastiness."
[0108] Table 6 shows composition data of a commercial bottled tea beverage containing catechin in high concentrations (product name: Healthya Ryokucha, manufactured by Kao, a product exclusively for cold use, purchased in August 2004) as well as results when an unopened product was heated at 60 C and conserved for two weeks. The value of diffuse transmittance prior to heating at 60 C was high at 5.2%; in addition, occurrence of sediment after conservation at 60 C was also prominent.
[0109] [Table 6]
Unit for each component: mg/l Comparative Example 6 Bx 1.033 pH 5.90 EGCg (A) 367.6 GCg (B) 409.5 A + B 777.1 8 catechin species 1763.2 Glutamic acid 26.8 Theanine 99.1 Diffuse transmittance % 5.2 (prior to heat treatment) Occurrence of sediment ++++
(after two weeks at 60 C)
[0008] In addition, the invention provides the above bottleable green tea beverage, wherein the product temperature of the bottleable green tea beverage is 50 C to 70 C.
[0009] In addition, the invention provides the above bottleable green tea beverage, wherein the pH is from 5 to 7.
[0010] According to the present invention, among the catechins, EGCg and GCg, which are effective in physiological function, can be effectively ingested.
Further, development of sediment can also be prevented during long-term conservation when sold hot, while at the same time, the flavor and taste that the green tea beverage has intrinsically can be maintained and improved.
Consequently, a bottleable green tea beverage containing high concentrations of catechins can be provided, which is suitable for selling not only from refrigerated to ordinary temperature, but also up to hot temperature.
[0011] Note that, in the present invention, a "green tea beverage" means a beverage containing green tea extract, which is obtained by extracting green tea leaves, and preferably is a beverage containing 50% or more of the extract.
[0012] A "bottleable green tea beverage" means a green tea beverage, which is a green tea beverage that can be drunk without diluting, and which can be provided in the form of a conventional container similar to conventional beverages, such as a formed container made of plastic, for instance, a formed container with polyethylene terephthalate as a main component (so-called PET bottle), a metal can, a paper container combined with a metal foil or a plastic film, or a bottle.
[0013] In addition, in the present invention, "selling hot" means warming a bottleable green tea beverage up to a temperature that allows provision to a ..... t . . . . . ... .... .. . . .. . . . ..... . . . ......: ...... .... .
.,. __ .-,.:.:.x-.. . , ,. ,.. , . ,.. . .. ... ... .. .. .. . ... . ..... .
,... ...............:...
consumer, or the like, in a warm state and maintaining the beverage at this temperature. For instance, this means heating a bottleable green tea beverage by direct exposure, conduction, or radiation from a 50 C to 120 C heat source, or by a microwave, or the like, maintaining the product temperature of the bottleable green tea beverage product at 40 C to 100 C, preferably at 50 C to 70 C, among which 55 C to 60 C is preferred, and providing a consumer or the like, with the tea while this temperature is kept.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0014] In the following, an embodiment of the beverage of the present invention will be described. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described below.
[0015] The bottleable green tea beverage related to the present embodiment is a bottleable green tea beverage, which contains a green tea extract obtained by extracting green tea leaves, containing both epigallocatechin and gallocatechin gallate at a total content of 380 mg/I to 1500 mg/I of epigallocatechin gallate and gallocatechin gallate, provided that gallocatechin gallate is contained at a higher content than epigallocatechin gallate, additionally containing 20 mg/I to 120 mg/I of glutamic acid, and having a diffuse transmittance of 1.0% or less.
[0016] Epigallocatechin gallate (hereinafter referred to as EGCg) and gallocatechin gallate (hereinafter referred to as GCg) are compounds with extremely strong bitterness and astringency, while at the same time they are known to be useful compounds with high biological activity and can be determined and quantified by a method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) that uses detection at ultraviolet wavelengths.
[0017] EGCg, which is an epimer catechin, is a compound in which a catechin backbone and gallic acid are ester-bonded and can be obtained by a method well known in the art, or a method that will be well known in the future.
Specifically, as EGCg exists in natural plants, including tea leaves, it can be obtained by extraction from a natural plant with water or hot water, or a water soluble organic solvent, such as ethanol, or a mixture thereof. Furthermore, in order to increase the content in EGCg, performing concentration or separation/purification is preferred.
[0018] GCg, which is a non-epimer catechin, almost does not exist in natural plants, including tea leaves. However, it can be obtained, for instance, by heat treatment of EGCg at approximately 80 C or more to promote heat isomerization (epimerization).
4a [0019] That is to say, by heating at approximately 80 C or above, purified EGCg or a mixture containing EGCg or a catechin composition containing EGCg, such as a tea extract or an infusion, to promote heat isomerization of EGCg, the concentration in GCg content can be increased. In addition, concentration or separation/purification from this heat-treated compound is also possible to elevate the concentration of GCg.
[0020] In order to include EGCg and GCg, a catechin composition containing EGCg and GCg, such as a tea extract or a commercially available tea extract can be added.
[0021] One or more species among purified EGCg and GCg can be added and mixed so that the composition of EGCg and GCg becomes as desired.
[0022] The glutamic acid used in the present embodiment is preferably L-glutamic acid or sodium L-glutamate salt. In addition, any grade of glutamic acid, for food additive use, for medicinal use or for reagent use, can be used. In addition, materials containing glutamic acid derived from a natural compound can also be used, among which, from the viewpoint of flavor, a material derived from tea is preferred.
For instance, a highly concentrated green tea extract or an extract in which the concentration in glutamic acid has been elevated by removing catechins, polysaccharides, and the like from a green tea extract can be used. The glutamic acid contained in the green tea beverage can be quantified using the HPLC method and an amino acid analyzer.
[0023] In addition to catechins, amino acids are known to contribute to a green tea beverage as components related to the taste (sweet taste, pleasant taste) of a common green tea beverage. The amino acids contained in a green tea beverage are theanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine, serine, and the like, and these are believed to amount to 90% or more of the total amino acid contained in a green tea beverage (Shin Chagyo Zensho, 8th Edition, Chamber of Tea Association of Shizuoka Prefecture, 1988).
[0024] Among these, glutamic acid and salt thereof, in addition to being known as flavorants and food additives as pleasant taste components, are known as additives related to alleviating bitter taste and astringency of food and medicine (Refer to, for instance, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-204036, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-69961, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-160484). In addition, Nakagawa reports the variation of taste structure and palatability in a case where glutamic acid and sucrose were added to a green tea simultaneously (Muneyuki Nakagawa, Taste and Chemical Components of Green Tea, Tea Research Journal, Vol. 40, 1-9, 1973). According to this, it is reported that, when the concentrations of glutamic acid and sucrose added were raised, the intensities regarding bitter taste and astringency tended to increase with a glutamic acid concentration of 1%; these intensities decreased with an addition of 2% to 4%, and palatability decreased with the addition of glutamic acid and sucrose, the taste becoming unpleasant and not qualifying as that of a green tea.
[0025] It is important that bottleable green tea beverage related to the present embodiment has a diffuse transmittance of 1.0% or less, and being from 0.1% to 1.0%
is important, taking measurement limitation into consideration. If 1.0% or less, occurrence of sediment can be prevented, even when serving bottleable green tea beverage for selling hot.
[0026] Regarding adjustment of diffuse transmittance, the adjustment can be performed by supplying a green tea extract, which is to be a raw material of the bottleable green tea beverage, to an ultrafiltration step by sampling a portion from any of the green tea extracts immediately after the ultrafiltration step or before and after the heat sterilization step, or a bottleable green tea beverage immediately after manufacture, measuring the diffuse transmittance for each lot and managing adequately with the criteria of 1.0% or less. In addition, it has been verified that, once adjusted, the diffuse transmittance almost does not change, even if the bottleable green tea beverage is stored under heat (for two weeks at 60 C).
[0027] Even if the diffuse transmittance is more than 1.00%, in the present invention, the diffuse transmittance is taken as within the criteria of 1.0% or less as long as it can be rounded to the first decimal place and become include the range of 1.0% or less, as long as the value allows occurrence of sediment to be prevented.
[0028] Here, the diffuse transmittance is measured according to JIS K7105.
Regarding diffuse transmittance, a relationship exists between the total light transmittance and haze as in the following formula:
[0029] (Formula 1) Haze (%) = (diffuse transmittance/total light transmittance) x 100 [0030] The diffuse transmittance can be obtained, using a commercially available hazemeter, by placing a sample in a glass cell whose optical path length is known and directly measuring the transmitted scattering light.
[0031] (Method for Preparing a Bottleable green tea beverage) [0032] The bottleable green tea beverage related to the present embodiment can be prepared by, for instance, extracting green tea leaves with water or hot water, thereafter, mixing a catechin composition containing predetermined catechins to adjust the quantities of EGCg and GCg, furthermore, adding glutamic acid to adjust this quantity, while at the same time performing ultrafiltration so that the diffuse transmittance of the product becomes 1.0% or less, and in other steps by a similar method to common green tea beverages. Natural tea flavor can be drawn according to such a preparation method, which is preferred. In the following, one aspect of the method for preparing the bottleable green tea beverage related to the present embodiment will be described;
however, the invention is not limited to this embodiment.
[0033] (Raw Tea Leaves) [0034] As long as they are leaves collected from a tea plant (scientific name:
Camellia sinensis), any tea species can be considered as the tea leaves to be used as raw materials, without limitation to the type, production region, harvest period, harvest method, cultivate method thereof, and the like. Fresh tea leaves and the like (containing leaf and stem) can also be used as raw tea leaves. In addition, any type among Sen-cha, Kamairi-cha, Kabuse-cha, Gyokuro, Ten-cha, Matcha, Ban-cha, Houji-cha, steamed Tamaryoku-cha, pan-fired Tamaryoku-cha, Ureshino-cha, Aoyagi-cha, and the like can be used as raw tea leaves, as long as it is crude tea obtained by crude tea processing, which stops enzymatic activity by such means as steaming or roasting of these fresh tea leaves and the like, or refined tea based thereon. In addition, two or more types of these crude teas or refined teas may be combined, and preparation may include a flavorant.
[0035] (Extraction Step) [0036] Extraction of green tea leaves that allows extraction of green tea component to be performed taking the flavor into account is sufficient, with no particular limitation on the extraction method, extraction conditions, and the like. For instance, the extraction temperature range can be from cold water to hot water. In addition, an extract extracted with cold water and an extract extracted with hot water can be combined and used. The settings for the amount of extraction water and the extraction time can be set at will to suit the extraction temperature range and the required extraction efficiency. Also, the extractor only needs to have a structure that allows sufficient extraction work to be carried out, and, for instance, a kneader or the like can be used. Stirring and pressure adjustment (pressurized extraction) are adequately performed as necessary during extraction. In addition to pure water, hard water, soft water and ion-exchanged water, ascorbic acid-containing aqueous solution, pH-adjusted water, and the like can be given as examples of extraction water used in the extraction.
[0037] Adequately, the green tea extract obtained by extraction is cooled to the order of 5 C to 40 C as necessary; at the same time, or before or after, ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate or the like is added to the green tea extract as necessary, which is adjusted to be acidic (pH 4 to 5). By carrying out cooling or acidity adjustment, or both, of the green tea extract, oxidation of the extracted components can be prevented, while at the same time components causing primary sediment can be precipitated and the efficiency of filtration carried out in the subsequent step can be increased.
[0038] (Ultrafiltration Step) [0039] Next, the green tea extract extracted as described above is subjected to ultrafiltration. Ultrafiltration allows the diffuse transmittance to be 1.0%
or less while keeping the original flavor of green tea, and as a result, the occurrence of sediment when the green tea extract is turned into bottleable green tea beverage can be suppressed suitably.
[0040] In the present embodiment, ultrafiltration means filtration (separation) that removes substances of roughly 1 m or larger, and, for instance, filtration by diatomaceous earth, filter filtration, MF membrane separation, UF membrane separation, and the like can be cited, among which kieselguhr filtration is preferred. In addition, two or more of these filtration methods may be used concomitantly.
[0041] Here, kieselguhr filtration is a cake filtration using diatomaceous earth as a filter aid. Diatomaceous earth is the earth resulting over long years from phytoplanktons called diatoms which deposited at the bottom of the sea or the bottom of a lake and fossilized, accumulating microscopic diatom clusters. As the diameter is from several to several tens of micrometers, and there are numerous microscopic holes of 0.1 m to 1.0 m on the surface, forming a compact cake layer of filter aid on a wire mesh or a filter cloth allows a clarified solution to be obtained at filtration time. The main component of diatomaceous earth is silica (Si02), in particular, amorphous silica, those purified by firing being generally used in filter aid applications.
[0042] Diatomaceous earth can be used as long as it is diatomaceous earth used as a filter aid, such as diatomaceous earth ore that has been ground and dried, or ground and dried and further fired or flux fired, among which a kieselguhr filter aid with 0.05 to 0.1 Darcy is preferably used. Preparation of a much clearer bottleable green tea beverage is possible by using a kieselguhr filter aid with 0.05 to 0.1 Darcy.
[0043] "Kieselguhr filter aid with 0.05 to 0.1 Darcy" means a kieselguhr filter aid with a Darcy transmittance K in the range of 0.05 to 0.1. "Darcy transmittance K" is an index to indicate the permeability of a filter aid and can be determined by water permeation method or air permeation method.
[0044] In addition, for the diatomaceous earth used in the present embodiment, the use of diatomaceous earth from which iron has been removed by elution with acid treatment is preferred. This is not only because iron influences taste in green tea beverages, but additionally because it is also the cause of browning. In addition, another filter aid, such as silica gel, pearlite, or cellulose may be mixed and used with diatomaceous earth.
100451 As a method for kieselguhr filtration, it suffices to add diatomaceous earth of a desired amount to green tea extract, carry out suitable stirring or auto-circulation by a pump, to contact green tea extract and diatomaceous earth for a predetermined time, then, separate and remove diatomaceous earth with a filtration unit. In so doing, the batch method or the semi-continuous method can be chosen according to the amount of green tea extract treated. As one example of semi-continuous method, it suffices to precoat the support surface of the membrane filter with diatomaceous earth, and while injecting (body feeding) kieselguhr filtration agent as necessary to the green tea extract, which becomes a stock solution, send the stock solution to the precoated filtration unit.
In so doing, as preparing two or more filtration units to carry out cake extraction and reverse-wash with one during filtration with the other is effective, it is preferred.
[00461 It suffices to adjust the amount of diatomaceous earth used and the contact time depending on the amount or concentration of the stock solution of green tea extract used. For instance, when the green tea extract is prepared using an amount of extraction water of 20 to 100 fold with respect to the raw tea leaves, if, in terms of total amount of precoating and body feed, 0.1 to 5 mass percent per green tea extract is contacted for 5 minutes to 120 minutes, the diffuse transmittance can suitably become 1.0% or less.
[00471 In order to eliminate primary sediment occurring during extraction, a coarse filtration step can also be introduced prior to the ultrafiltration step.
Here, the coarse filtration step is a step for eliminating extraction residues, such as tea leaves and large particles. For instance, stainless filter, flannel cloth, strainer, centrifugal separation, and other general filtration method to eliminate extraction residues can be suitably used in combination. In addition, primary sediment may be eliminated at the same time in the ultrafiltration step.
[0048] (Combination) ...... I ... ... ... .. . .. . :.. ... ........ ,.. ....: ..>.. ....... ..
...... , ....:. . ..... . .. ,...... .,.... ... .<...:... , ......,:.. .
......... . . . . . . ...... , ._......
[0049] Next, a predetermined catechin composition is added to the green tea extract prepared as described above to adjust the amount of EGCg and GCg so that the total concentration of EGCg and GCg is 380 mg/l to 1500 mg/l, preferably 590 mg/l to mg/l.
[0050] A green tea beverage containing a total concentration of 380 mg/l to mg/1 in EGCg and GCg allows EGCg and GCg to be effectively drunk, which, among the catechins, are effective in physiological function and allows bottleable green tea beverage having taste palatability to be provided.
[0051] The catechin composition can be prepared by means of adjustment of the amount of EGCg and GCg by adding one or more species of purified EGCg and GCg.
In addition, tea extracts obtained by extracting tea leaves from non-fermented tea, semi-fermented tea, or fermented tea with water, hot water, or water-soluble organic solvent, and further carrying out a predetermined purification and concentration, and commercially available tea extracts can also be used to adjust the amount of EGCg and GCg. For instance, THEA-FLAN*30E, THEA-FLAN* 30A, THEA-FLAN*W, THEA-~ *
FLAN 90S (all. manufactured by ITO EN Co., LTD.), SUNFLAVONE HG (Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd.), POLYPHENON 70A, POLYPHENON E (Mitsui Norin Co., Ltd.), Theacalone* 90S (Tokiwa Phytochemical Co., Ltd.), CTP-95 (Citimex), Greenselect *
(Indena), Tea-Fresh*80S (Japan Chlorophyll Co., Ltd.), TEAVIGO*(DSM
Nutritional Products), or the like can be used.
[0052] Here, as an adjustment of the proportion of EGCg and GCg, an adjustment can be carried out, in which only purified EGCg or a tea extract containing large amounts of EGCg is added, treated with heat in a subsequent step, and isomerized into GCg from EGCg to raise the proportion of GCg. In particular, performing heat isomerization of EGCg at the same time as heat sterilization of the bottleable green tea beverage to include EGCg and GCg is suitable. Although the proportion of EGCg and GCg varies due to heat isomerization, the amount of catechins almost does not change if close to pH neutrality and below.
*Trade-mark 1 1 [0053] The bottleable green tea beverage related to the present embodiment can also be prepared by obtaining a temporary intermediate by removing a portion or the entirety, preferably from 50% to 100%, more preferably from 70% to 100%, of the catechins contained in the green tea extract immediately after extraction and then adding the above-mentioned catechin composition, such as a tea extract.
[0054] As a method for removing catechins from green tea extract, removal methods, such as resin adsorption by a synthetic adsorption resin or the like, membrane separation by an ultrafiltration membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane, gel filtration chromatography, solvent extraction, can be used. Among these, resin adsorption using PVPP, which is a synthetic adsorption resin, as it allows catechins to be adsorbed selectively, is suitable as a method for removing catechins. Furthermore, the method for removing catechins, which is an invention by the present applicants (Patent 3315304), is particularly suitable. In so doing, the amount of the synthetic adsorption resin PVPP is adequately selected depending on the quantity or concentration of catechin composition contained in the green tea extract.
[0055] Next, glutamic acid is added to the green tea extract to adjust the concentration of glutamic acid to be from 20 mg/l to 120 mg/l, preferably from 24 mg/l to 113 mg/l, and more preferably from 38 mg/l to 113 mg/1.
100561 In general, since glutamic acid contained in green tea leaves is extracted in a green tea extract, the concentration of glutamic acid contained in a green tea extract depends on the concentration of green tea extract. Consequently, it suffices to adjust the amount of glutamic acid added according to the extraction conditions of green tea leaves. Furthermore, it suffices to add and dissolve the glutamic acid before the green tea extract extracted in the extraction step becomes held in a container, and preferably, a step for adjusting the amounts of EGCg and GCg, then adding and dissolving the glutamic acid may be established. In addition, a material containing a high concentration of glutamic acid may be added as well.
[0057] In addition, an additive, such as oxidation inhibitor, emulsifying agent, preservative, pH adjuster, flavor, seasoning agent, edulcorant, acidulant, quality stabilizer, alone or in combination, may be mixed in the bottleable green tea beverage related to the present embodiment.
[0058] For instance, vitamin C (ascorbic acid or ascorbic acid salt), vitamin E, cysteine, and the like can be used as oxidation inhibitor; in particular, inclusion of 0.005 to 0.2 mass percent of vitamin C is adequate. In addition, if the pH is adjusted to to 7, and among this range, to 5.5 to 6.5, using sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, or the like as a pH adjuster, the flavor and stability during conservation of the green tea beverage can be kept, which is therefore preferred.
[0059] For instance, glucose, fructose, isomerized liquid sugar syrup, fructooligosaccharide, emulsified oligosaccharide, soybean oligosaccharide, cyclodextrin, aspartame, rakanka extract, and the like may be used as edulcorant, and in particular, including 0.01 to 1.0 mass percent of cyclodextrin is adequate.
By mixing these additives alone or in combination, a more suitable beverage can be provided. In addition, the beverage can be suitably diluted with water to adjust the concentration of catechins and mixture to be at drinking concentration.
[0060] (Containment) [0061] The bottleable green tea beverage related to the present embodiment can be provided in the form of a conventional container similar to conventional beverages, such as a formed container made of plastic, for instance, a formed container with polyethylene terephthalate as a main component (so-called PET bottle), a metal can, a paper container combined with a metal foil or a plastic film, or a bottle, and is prepared by filling these containers with the green tea beverage prepared as described above.
During this filling, if the filling environment or the container interior is substituted with inert gas, such as nitrogen gas, oxidation of the bottleable green tea beverage is adequately prevented.
[0062] Further, if a metal can is to be filled, heat sterilization is carried out under conditions defined by Food Sanitation Law after the container has been filled.
For those containers that cannot be retort sterilized, such as PET bottle and paper container, a method is adopted in which heat sterilization is carried out under similar sterilization conditions as described above, for instance, with a plate heat exchanger and the like, then cooling to a given temperature and filling the container. In addition, under sterile conditions, a container can be filled by mixing another component.
Furthermore, operations, such as heat sterilizing under acidic conditions, then returning the pH to neutrality under sterile conditions, or heat sterilizing under neutral pH
conditions, then adjusting the pH under sterile conditions, are also possible.
[0063] (Evaluation of Diffuse Transmittance) [0064] The diffuse transmittance of green tea beverage related to the present embodiment is measured using a hazemeter and managed with the criteria that it is 1.0% or less.
[0065] It suffices to carry out the measurement of diffuse transmittance in any among a green tea extract immediately after an ultrafiltration step, or before or after a heat sterilization step, or a bottleable green tea beverage immediately after manufacturing.
A manufacturing condition is preferably applied, where a portion of each lot of a green tea beverage is sampled and the diffuse transmittance is measured as described previously so that it is 1.0% or less, for among which, a green tea beverage immediately prior to filling in case a metal can, or a green tea beverage after heat sterilization in case a container that cannot be retort sterilized, such as a PET bottle or a paper container.
[0066] In general, for a green tea beverage subjected to ultrafiltration under the conditions described previously, the diffuse transmittance is 1.0% or less.
However, in the event the diffuse transmittance is measured and the value exceeds 1.0%, it suffices to subject it to ultrafiltration again.
EXAMPLE
[0067] Examples of the present invention will be shown in the following;
however, the scope of the patent is not limited to the examples.
[0068] (Quantitation of Catechins) [0069] The HPLC gradient method was used for the component analysis of catechins.
The analytical conditions were as follows:
Column: YMC J'sphere ODS-H80 cp 4.6x250 mm Mobile phase:
Gradient elution method using Solution A: acetonitrile:water:phosphoric acid = 5:94.9:0.1 Solution B: acetonitrile:water:phosphoric acid = 50:49.9:0.1 (The programs for the gradients are shown in Table 1.) Amount injected: 10 L
Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min.
Detection: UV 230 nm Column temperature: 40 C
[0070] [Table 1]
Program (min) Flow rate Solution A Solution B
(ml/min) (%) (%) INITIAL 1.0 95 5 5.0 1.0 95 5 10.0 1.0 90 10 15.0 1.0 90 10 25.0 1.0 80 20 40.0 1.0 80 20 45.0 1.0 20 80 55.0 1.0 20 80 60.0 1.0 95 5 74.0 1.0 95 5 [0071] Calibration curve construction method: Each catechin reference product (manufactured by Kurita Water Industries Ltd) was diluted with distilled water to obtain three concentrations in a range on the order of 10 ppm to 100 ppm to prepare the standard solutions. Standard solutions at each concentration were respectively injected into the HPLC, and a three-point calibration curve was constructed beforehand from the obtained peak area values and the concentrations.
[0072] Sample preparation method: 5 ml of sample to be quantified and characterized was accurately measured, introduced into a 50 ml volumetric flask, the volume was adjusted with distilled water, the resulting solution was filtered with a 0.45-m membrane filter, then injected into HPLC and quantified with the three-point calibration curve method described previously.
[0073] When a value was shown to exceed a range of the calibration curve, the dilution factor was further increased to allow for a quantitation within the limits, and a reanalysis was performed.
[0074] (Separation and Quantitation of Glutamic Acid and Theanine) [0075] Glutamic acid and theanine were quantified by the HPLC method using fluorescence detection with the ortho-phthalaldehyde reaction solution. The analytical conditions were as follows:
Column: Wakosil-II 5C18HG cp 4.6 x 250 mm Mobile phase:
Gradient elution method using:
Solution A: 50 mM sodium acetate (adjusted to pH 6.0 with acetic acid) Solution B: 100% acetonitrile (The programs for the gradients are shown in Table 2.) Color reagent: o-phthalaldehyde reagent (OPA) o-phthalaldehyde in the amounts of 246 mg was dissolved in 20 ml of 0.1 M
boric acid buffer solution (adjusted to pH 10.0 with 1 M NaOH), and 200 L of mercaptoethanol was added.
Amount injected: 5 m each of OPA, sample and OPA; 15 m total Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min Detection: fluorescence detector with excitation wavelength at 340 nm and detection wavelength at 455 nm Column temperature: 40 C
[00761 [Table 2]
Program (min) Flow rate Solution A Solution B Gradient curve (ml/min) (%) (%) INITIAL 1.0 88 12 *
10.00 1.0 88 12 11 10.01 1.0 84 16 11 25.00 1.0 84 16 11 25.01 1.0 82 18 11 40.00 1.0 82 18 11 45.00 1.0 55 45 6 60.00 1.0 55 45 11 61.00 1.0 88 12 6 76.00 1.0 88 12 11 [0077] Calibration curve construction method: glutamic acid (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), theanine (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.) reference products were respectively diluted with distilled water to obtain three concentrations in a range on the order of 1 ppm to 30 ppm to prepare the standard solutions. Standard solutions at each concentration were respectively injected into the HPLC, and a three-point calibration curve was constructed from the obtained peak area values and the concentrations.
[0078] Sample preparation method: 5 ml of sample was accurately measured, introduced into a 25-ml volumetric flask, the volume was adjusted with distilled water, the resulting solution was filtered with a 0.45- m membrane filter, then injected into HPLC and quantified by the standard reagent solution with the three-point calibration curve method.
[0079] When a value was shown to exceed a range of the calibration curve, the dilution factor was further increased to allow for a quantitation within the limits, and a reanalysis was performed.
[0080] (Measurement of Diffuse Transmittance) [0081] The diffuse transmittance was analyzed for beverages canned immediately after manufacturing and for canned beverages stored after manufacturing at 60 C for two weeks, according to the method described in JIS K7105, using the hazemeter HM-150 manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory at a product temperature of 25 C.
[0082] (Evaluation of Sediment Occurrence) [0083] The situation of sediment occurrence was evaluated visually for green tea beverages bottled in heat-resistant bottles after storage at 4 C or 60 C for two weeks.
-: none +: slight sedimentation (fine powders present) ++: some sedimentation +++: fair amount of sediment ++++: large amount of sediment +++++: extremely large amount of sediment [0084] (Sensory Evaluation) [0085] For the sensory characteristics, beverages stored at 25 C for two weeks, and beverages from samples stored at 25 C, which were warmed to 60 C immediately before sensory evaluation, were scored by five trained examiners according to the evaluation sheet of Table 3 for each of "irritation upon mouth contact,"
"astringency,"
and "thickness," which characterize a green tea beverage, using a seven-stage evaluation. In addition, the overall "tastiness" as green tea beverage, which takes into account the balance of "irritation upon mouth contact," "astringency," and "thickness,"
and other tastes, was also evaluated.
[0086] [Table 3]
Score Irritation upon Astringency Thickness Tastiness mouth contact 1 Extremely strong Extremely Extremely Extremely not tasty, strong weak not acceptable 2 Strong Strong Weak Not tasty, not acceptable 3 Rather strong Rather strong Rather weak Rather not tasty, but acceptable 4 Neither Neither Neither Ordinary Rather weak Rather weak Rather strong Rather tasty 6 Weak Weak Strong Tasty 7 Extremely weak Extremely Extremely Extremely tasty weak strong [0087] (Overall Evaluation) [0088] The product value as bottleable green tea beverage was assessed by gathering the results from the evaluation of sediment occurrence and the sensory evaluation.
[0089] Excellent: is extremely desirable as heated, ordinary temperature, or refrigerated bottleable green tea beverage Good: is suitable as heated, ordinary temperature, or refrigerated bottleable green tea beverage Comparatively poor: is suitable as ordinary temperature or refrigerated bottleable green tea beverage, but not suited for heating Poor: not suitable as bottleable green tea beverage [0090] (Example) [0091] An extract obtained by extracting 60.0 g of green tea with 2500 ml of ion-exchanged water at 60 C for 5 minutes was crudely filtered with a mesh and then cooled to 25 C or below. Thereafter, 3.0 g of ascorbic acid was added, centrifugal separation (using the SA1 continuous centrifugal separator manufactured by Westfalia at a flow rate of 300 1/h, a rotation speed of 10000 rpm, and a centrifugal sedimentation surface of 1000 m2) was performed, and then kieselguhr filtration (contact time: 30 minutes; filtration using 100 g of acid-treated diatomaceous earth with a Darcy value of 0.1, with 0.15 g/cm2 per filtration area, by pressure) was carried out.
Thereafter 4.0 g of ascorbic acid and sodium glutamate (manufactured by Hayashi Pure Chemical Industry, Ltd.; food additive) and epigallocatechin gallate TEAVIGO (DSM
Nutritional Products) as shown in Table 4 were added so as to obtain various concentrations to the kieselguhr-filtered green tea extract; then, water was added as ion-exchanged water;
furthermore, sodium bicarbonate was used to adjust the pH to 6.0 to 6.1, and the weight of the extract was adjusted to 10 kg. After adjustment, the temperature of the extract was heated up to 90 C and the solution was canned by filling a steel can.
Next, the filling beverage was heat sterilized (123 C, 10 minutes) to prepare a bottleable green tea beverage. One container of the prepared bottleable green tea beverage was opened, a fraction of the green tea beverage inside the container was sampled, and the concentration of each component and the diffuse transmittance immediately after manufacturing were measured. In addition, for sediment observation, a transparent heat-resistant bottle was filled separately and heat sterilized as described previously to prepare a bottleable green tea beverage.
[0092] The concentration of each component and the results of the above-mentioned evaluation from Examples 1 to 6 are shown in Table 4.
[0093] [Table 4]
Unit for each component: mg/1 Example Example Example Example Example Example Bx 0.398 0.392 0.397 0.409 0.281 0.308 pH 6.11 6.09 6.07 6.08 6.10 6.00 EGCg (A) 459.8 470.1 444.6 454.0 182.3 273.1 GCg (B) 540.5 549.5 521.6 532.6 215.0 318.9 A + B 1000.3 1019.6 966.2 986.6 397.3 592.0 8 catechin species 1251.9 1275.6 1208.2 1235.8 602.0 807.0 Glutamic acid 39.9 24.6 77.3 113.1 23.7 25.3 Theanine 15.7 15.7 15.2 14.1 16.2 16.1 Diffuse transmittance %
(immediately after 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 manufacturing) Diffuse transmittance %
(after two weeks at 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 60 C) Occurrence of sediment (after two weeks at 4 C) - - - -Occurrence of sediment (after two weeks at - - - - - -60 C) Irritation upon mouth contact 4.2 3.0 4.6 5.6 6.2 5.2 (for 25 C drink) Astringency 3.6 2.8 4.6 5.4 5.8 5.4 (for 25 C drink) Thickness 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.0 4.0 (for 25 C drink) Irritation upon mouth 4.0 3.2 4.8 5.6 6.2 5.2 contact (for 60 C drink) Astringency 3.8 3.2 5.4 5.8 6.0 5.2 (for 60 C drink) Thickness 4.4 4.4 3.6 3.8 3.6 4.2 (for 60 C drink) Tastiness 3.6 3.0 4.8 5.2 5.0 6.0 (for 25 C drink) Tastiness 3.8 3.4 4.8 5.0 5.0 6.0 (for 60 C drink) Overall score Good Good Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent [0094] (Comparative Examples) [0095] For Comparative Example 1, bottleable green tea beverage was prepared with a similar procedure to the Example, except that kieselguhr filtration after centrifugal separation was not carried out glutamic acid was not added.
[0096] For Comparative Examples 3 and 5, bottleable green tea beverage was prepared with a similar procedure to the Example, except that kieselguhr filtration after centrifugal separation was not carried out.
[0097] For Comparative Example 2, bottleable green tea beverage was prepared with a similar procedure to the Example, except that glutamic acid was not added.
[0098] For Comparative Example 4, bottleable green tea beverage was prepared with a similar procedure to the Example, except that the glutamic acid content was 14.1mg.
[0099] The concentration of each component and the results of the above-mentioned evaluation for Comparative Examples 1 to 5 are shown in Table 5.
[0100] [Table 5]
Unit for each component: mg/1 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Bx 0.390 0.396 0.398 0.389 0.471 pH 6.03 6.01 6.08 6.05 5.99 EGCg (A) 470.5 466.7 449.8 467.9 494.9 GCg (B) 545.8 539.2 524.0 545.2 575.7 A+ B 1016.3 1005.9 973.8 1013.1 1070.6 8 catechin species 1268.1 1257.3 1217.4 1265.1 1319.3 Glutamic acid 6.3 6.8 38.5 14.1 455 Theanine 12.8 14.9 14.8 14.1 18.6 Diffuse transmittance %
(immediately after 4.6 0.2 4.5 0.2 5.4 manufacturing) Diffuse transmittance % 4.5 0.2 4.6 0.3 5.3 (after two weeks at 60 C) Occurrence of sediment - -(after two weeks at 4 C) Occurrence of sediment ++++ ++ ++++ + +++++
(after two weeks at 60 C) Irritation upon mouth contact 3.6 2.6 4.0 3.0 4.6 (for 25 C drink) Astringency (for 25 C 2.8 2.4 2.8 2.6 5.0 drink) Thickness 3.8 3.6 3.2 3.8 4.2 (for 25 C drink) Irritation upon mouth contact 3.6 2.8 4.2 3.4 4.4 (for 60 C drink) Astringency (for 60 C 2.6 2.2 3.4 2.6 5.2 drink) Thickness 4.2 4.0 3.6 4.4 4.4 (for 60 C drink) Tastiness 2.8 2.0 2.8 2.4 2.0 (for 25 C drink) Tastiness 3.0 2.8 4.0 2.8 2.2 (for 60 C drink) Overall score Poor Poor Poor Compara- Poor tively poor [0101] (Discussion) [0102] Evaluation results for Examples 1 to 6 are shown in Table 4. In Examples I to 4, with a total concentration in EGCg and GCg of approximately 1000 mg/l (total amount of 8 catechin species of approximately 1200 mg/1 to 1300 mg/1) and various concentrations of glutamic acid (approximately 25 mg/1 to 110 mg/1), the occurrence of sediment could be suppressed in any of the examples. In addition, in the sensory evaluation, "irritation upon mouth contact," "astringency," and "thickness"
were balanced at both 25 C and 60 C, and it was found that "tastiness" also increases with the glutamic acid content.
[0103] In addition, in Examples 5 and 6, with a total concentration in EGCg and GCg of approximately 400 mg/l to 600 mg/l (total amount of 8 catechin species of approximately 600 mg/1 to 800 mg/1) and the concentration of glutamic acid of approximately 25 mg/l, the occurrence of sediment could be suppressed as in Examples I to 4; as for sensory evaluation, the balance of "irritation upon mouth contact,"
"astringency" and "thickness," and "tastiness" were better for both 25 C and 60 C.
[0104] Consequently, the overall score of bottleable green tea beverages of Examples I to 6 being excellent in their conservability at low temperature and when heated, as well as their senses at ordinary temperature and when heated, they are suitable as bottleable green tea beverages, among which, Examples 3 to 6 were found to be extremely good.
[0105] Meanwhile, evaluation results for Comparative Examples 1 to 5 are shown in Table 5. For Comparative Examples 1, 3, and 5, in which kieselguhr filtration after centrifugation filtration was not carried out, occurrence of sediment was observed noticeably after conservation at 60 C. In addition, for Comparative Examples 2 and 4, in which kieselguhr filtration was carried out, but glutamic acid content was less compared to Examples 1 to 6, the occurrence of sediment was also observed after conservation at 60 C.
[0106] In addition, regarding sensory evaluation, in Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 4 with a total concentration in EGCg and GCg of approximately 1000 mg/l (total amount of 8 catechin species of approximately 1200 mg/l to 1300 mg/1) and various concentrations of glutamic acid (approximately 6 mg/1 to 14 mg/1), "irritation upon mouth contact," "astringency," and "thickness" were enhanced compared to Examples 1 to 4 with the same order of catechin concentration, and the overall "tastiness" was found to be either similar or less.
[0107] Next, for Comparative Example 5 with a total concentration in EGCg and GCg of approximately1000 mg/l (total amount of 8 catechin species of approximately mg/1) and a concentration in glutamic acid of approximately 455 mg/1, although "irritation upon mouth contact," "astringency," and "thickness" were balanced by the effect provided by the taste of glutamic acid, due to the taste of glutamic acid being too pronounced, the extent was not acceptable in terms of overall "tastiness."
[0108] Table 6 shows composition data of a commercial bottled tea beverage containing catechin in high concentrations (product name: Healthya Ryokucha, manufactured by Kao, a product exclusively for cold use, purchased in August 2004) as well as results when an unopened product was heated at 60 C and conserved for two weeks. The value of diffuse transmittance prior to heating at 60 C was high at 5.2%; in addition, occurrence of sediment after conservation at 60 C was also prominent.
[0109] [Table 6]
Unit for each component: mg/l Comparative Example 6 Bx 1.033 pH 5.90 EGCg (A) 367.6 GCg (B) 409.5 A + B 777.1 8 catechin species 1763.2 Glutamic acid 26.8 Theanine 99.1 Diffuse transmittance % 5.2 (prior to heat treatment) Occurrence of sediment ++++
(after two weeks at 60 C)
Claims (12)
1. A bottleable green tea beverage containing a green tea extract obtained by extracting green tea leaves with water, wherein the beverage:
(i) contains both epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) and gallocatechin gallate (GCg) at a total content of 380 mg/l to 1,500 mg/l, provided that GCg is contained at a higher content than that of EGCg, and glutamic acid at a content of 20 mg/l to 120 mg/l, and (ii) has a diffuse transmittance of 1.0 % or less.
(i) contains both epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) and gallocatechin gallate (GCg) at a total content of 380 mg/l to 1,500 mg/l, provided that GCg is contained at a higher content than that of EGCg, and glutamic acid at a content of 20 mg/l to 120 mg/l, and (ii) has a diffuse transmittance of 1.0 % or less.
2. The bottleable green tea beverage according to claim 1, wherein the content of EGCg is from 182.1 to 459.8 mg/l and the content of GCg from 215.0 to 549.5 mg/l.
3. The bottleable green tea beverage according to claim 1 or 2, which has a pH of 5 to 7.
4. The bottleable green tea beverage according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is maintained at a temperature of 50°C to 70°C.
5. A bottled green tea beverage which is the bottleable green tea beverage as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3 contained in a bottle.
6. The bottled green tea beverage according to claim 5, which is maintained at a temperature of 50°C to 70°C.
7. The bottled green tea beverage according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the bottle is a transparent bottle made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
8. A process for producing the bottleable green tea beverage as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, which process comprises:
(A) extracting green tea leaves with hot water to obtain a green tea extract;
(B) cooling the extract to 5°C to 40°C;
(C) adding ascorbic acid to the extract to adjust a pH of the extract to 4-5, before or after step (B);
(D) subjecting the extract after steps (B) and (C), to ultrafiltration with a kieselguhr filter aid with 0.05 to 0.1 Darcy;
(E) adding epigallocatechin gallate to the extract after step (D);
(F) heating the extract after step (E) at a temperature of 80°C or above to cause an isomerization of epigallocatechin gallate to gallocatechin gallate or cause both the isomerization and sterilization; and (G) adding glutamic acid or sodium glutamate at any time after step (A).
(A) extracting green tea leaves with hot water to obtain a green tea extract;
(B) cooling the extract to 5°C to 40°C;
(C) adding ascorbic acid to the extract to adjust a pH of the extract to 4-5, before or after step (B);
(D) subjecting the extract after steps (B) and (C), to ultrafiltration with a kieselguhr filter aid with 0.05 to 0.1 Darcy;
(E) adding epigallocatechin gallate to the extract after step (D);
(F) heating the extract after step (E) at a temperature of 80°C or above to cause an isomerization of epigallocatechin gallate to gallocatechin gallate or cause both the isomerization and sterilization; and (G) adding glutamic acid or sodium glutamate at any time after step (A).
9. The process according to claim 8, wherein the hot water used in step (A) is ion exchanged water having a temperature of 60°C.
10. The process according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the extract is subjected to a coarse filtration step by using a stainless filter, a flannel cloth, a strainer or a centrifugal separator between steps (C) and (D), for eliminating extraction residues.
11. The process according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the kiegelguhr filter aid comprises diatomaceous earth which has been treated with an acid for removing iron.
12. The process according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the pH
of the extract is adjusted to 5.5-6.5 by sodium bicarbonate between steps (E) and (F).
of the extract is adjusted to 5.5-6.5 by sodium bicarbonate between steps (E) and (F).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2541255A CA2541255C (en) | 2006-03-29 | 2006-03-29 | Bottleable green tea beverage |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2541255A CA2541255C (en) | 2006-03-29 | 2006-03-29 | Bottleable green tea beverage |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2541255A1 CA2541255A1 (en) | 2007-09-29 |
CA2541255C true CA2541255C (en) | 2010-04-20 |
Family
ID=38561857
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2541255A Active CA2541255C (en) | 2006-03-29 | 2006-03-29 | Bottleable green tea beverage |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CA (1) | CA2541255C (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113845991B (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2024-03-12 | 泸州老窖股份有限公司 | Tea wine and preparation method thereof |
-
2006
- 2006-03-29 CA CA2541255A patent/CA2541255C/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2541255A1 (en) | 2007-09-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7972644B2 (en) | Bottleable green tea beverage | |
CN1611125B (en) | Packaged, tea-based beverages | |
TWI358262B (en) | ||
JP5562229B2 (en) | Taste improving agent and tea beverage containing the same | |
JP4745784B2 (en) | Purified green tea extract | |
JP3626462B2 (en) | Method for producing tea beverage | |
TWI439231B (en) | Method for producing purified substances of green tea extract | |
CN1923022B (en) | Preparation process of purified green-tea extract | |
CN107580455A (en) | Green tea extracts composition | |
JP4065012B2 (en) | Containerized green tea beverage for warming sale and method for producing the same | |
JP5366784B2 (en) | Container drink | |
JP3696594B2 (en) | Production method of tea extract | |
JP4332487B2 (en) | Containerized green tea beverage | |
EP1576887B1 (en) | Packaged tea drink | |
JP3884975B2 (en) | Tea beverage raw material selection method and tea beverage production method | |
JP2006333769A (en) | Tea extract | |
JP6993418B2 (en) | Decolorized tea extract and its manufacturing method | |
JP7074418B1 (en) | Fermented tea extract manufacturing method | |
CA2541255C (en) | Bottleable green tea beverage | |
EP1836899A1 (en) | Bottleable green tea beverage | |
JP5547939B2 (en) | Container drink | |
WO2018100948A1 (en) | Beverage composition | |
JP2006271401A (en) | Method for producing beverage | |
JP4369464B2 (en) | Containerized green tea beverage and method for producing the same | |
JP2010246484A (en) | Container-packed roasted tea beverage, method for producing the same, and method for improving bitter and astringent taste of high catechin roasted tea beverage |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
EEER | Examination request |