CA2522031A1 - Methode de traitement de residus de sables bitumineux a l'aide de chaux ou de chaux et de dioxyde de carbone - Google Patents
Methode de traitement de residus de sables bitumineux a l'aide de chaux ou de chaux et de dioxyde de carbone Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2522031A1 CA2522031A1 CA002522031A CA2522031A CA2522031A1 CA 2522031 A1 CA2522031 A1 CA 2522031A1 CA 002522031 A CA002522031 A CA 002522031A CA 2522031 A CA2522031 A CA 2522031A CA 2522031 A1 CA2522031 A1 CA 2522031A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tailings
- water
- oil sands
- fines
- cyclone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 51
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 16
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 title abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002425 soil liming agent Substances 0.000 claims 10
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 49
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 38
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 36
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 29
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003027 oil sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000020 calcium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012254 magnesium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/04—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
- C10G1/045—Separation of insoluble materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
- B03B9/02—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for oil-sand, oil-chalk, oil-shales, ozokerite, bitumen, or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
- B09B3/25—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
- C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/04—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
- C10G1/047—Hot water or cold water extraction processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
- C02F11/148—Combined use of inorganic and organic substances, being added in the same treatment step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2522031A CA2522031C (fr) | 2004-10-05 | 2005-10-03 | Methode de traitement de residus de sables bitumineux a l'aide de chaux ou de chaux et de dioxyde de carbone |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2481597 | 2004-10-05 | ||
| CA2,481,597 | 2004-10-05 | ||
| CA2522031A CA2522031C (fr) | 2004-10-05 | 2005-10-03 | Methode de traitement de residus de sables bitumineux a l'aide de chaux ou de chaux et de dioxyde de carbone |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2522031A1 true CA2522031A1 (fr) | 2006-04-05 |
| CA2522031C CA2522031C (fr) | 2013-02-19 |
Family
ID=36141721
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2522031A Active CA2522031C (fr) | 2004-10-05 | 2005-10-03 | Methode de traitement de residus de sables bitumineux a l'aide de chaux ou de chaux et de dioxyde de carbone |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2522031C (fr) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7726491B2 (en) | 2002-09-19 | 2010-06-01 | Suncor Energy Inc. | Bituminous froth hydrocarbon cyclone |
| US7736501B2 (en) | 2002-09-19 | 2010-06-15 | Suncor Energy Inc. | System and process for concentrating hydrocarbons in a bitumen feed |
| US7931800B2 (en) | 2007-03-14 | 2011-04-26 | Apex Engineering Inc. | Method for extraction of bitumen from oil sands using lime |
| US8025341B2 (en) | 2005-11-09 | 2011-09-27 | Suncor Energy Inc. | Mobile oil sands mining system |
| US8168071B2 (en) | 2005-11-09 | 2012-05-01 | Suncor Energy Inc. | Process and apparatus for treating a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock |
| US8343337B2 (en) | 2008-10-29 | 2013-01-01 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Bitumen extraction process |
| WO2013188983A1 (fr) * | 2012-06-21 | 2013-12-27 | Suncor Energy Inc. | Déshydratation des résidus fins et épais par injection de gaz et floculation |
| US20140116946A1 (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-01 | SYNCRUDE CANADA LTD. in trust for the owners of the Syncrude Project as such owners of exist now | Use of multivalent inorganic additives |
| CN104520410A (zh) * | 2012-06-21 | 2015-04-15 | 桑科能源股份有限公司 | 提高的用于使稠细粒尾矿脱水的技术 |
| WO2020055893A1 (fr) * | 2018-09-11 | 2020-03-19 | Graymont Western Canada Inc. | Amélioration des caractéristiques géotechniques de résidus par ajout de chaux |
| US10647606B2 (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2020-05-12 | Graymont Western Canada Inc. | Treatment of oil sands tailings with lime at elevated pH levels |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2567644C (fr) | 2005-11-09 | 2014-01-14 | Suncor Energy Inc. | Systeme mobile pour l'extraction du sable bitumineux |
| CA2689021C (fr) | 2009-12-23 | 2015-03-03 | Thomas Charles Hann | Appareil et procede de regulation de debit par le truchement d'une caisse aspirante |
| WO2019094620A2 (fr) | 2017-11-08 | 2019-05-16 | Graymont Western Canada Inc. | Traitement de flux de queues à l'aide d'une ou de plusieurs doses de chaux, et systèmes et procédés associés |
-
2005
- 2005-10-03 CA CA2522031A patent/CA2522031C/fr active Active
Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7726491B2 (en) | 2002-09-19 | 2010-06-01 | Suncor Energy Inc. | Bituminous froth hydrocarbon cyclone |
| US7736501B2 (en) | 2002-09-19 | 2010-06-15 | Suncor Energy Inc. | System and process for concentrating hydrocarbons in a bitumen feed |
| US8025341B2 (en) | 2005-11-09 | 2011-09-27 | Suncor Energy Inc. | Mobile oil sands mining system |
| US8096425B2 (en) | 2005-11-09 | 2012-01-17 | Suncor Energy Inc. | System, apparatus and process for extraction of bitumen from oil sands |
| US8168071B2 (en) | 2005-11-09 | 2012-05-01 | Suncor Energy Inc. | Process and apparatus for treating a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock |
| US8225944B2 (en) | 2005-11-09 | 2012-07-24 | Suncor Energy Inc. | System, apparatus and process for extraction of bitumen from oil sands |
| US7931800B2 (en) | 2007-03-14 | 2011-04-26 | Apex Engineering Inc. | Method for extraction of bitumen from oil sands using lime |
| US8343337B2 (en) | 2008-10-29 | 2013-01-01 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Bitumen extraction process |
| US9481799B2 (en) | 2008-10-29 | 2016-11-01 | The Chemours Company Fc, Llc | Treatment of tailings streams |
| US9011972B2 (en) | 2008-10-29 | 2015-04-21 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Treatment of tailings streams |
| CN104520410A (zh) * | 2012-06-21 | 2015-04-15 | 桑科能源股份有限公司 | 提高的用于使稠细粒尾矿脱水的技术 |
| CN104519974A (zh) * | 2012-06-21 | 2015-04-15 | 桑科能源股份有限公司 | 使用气体注入以及絮凝剂的稠细粒尾矿的脱水 |
| WO2013188983A1 (fr) * | 2012-06-21 | 2013-12-27 | Suncor Energy Inc. | Déshydratation des résidus fins et épais par injection de gaz et floculation |
| US20140116946A1 (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-01 | SYNCRUDE CANADA LTD. in trust for the owners of the Syncrude Project as such owners of exist now | Use of multivalent inorganic additives |
| US10647606B2 (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2020-05-12 | Graymont Western Canada Inc. | Treatment of oil sands tailings with lime at elevated pH levels |
| WO2020055893A1 (fr) * | 2018-09-11 | 2020-03-19 | Graymont Western Canada Inc. | Amélioration des caractéristiques géotechniques de résidus par ajout de chaux |
| US10894730B2 (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2021-01-19 | Graymont (Pa) Inc. | Geotechnical characteristics of tailings via lime addition |
| US20210101807A1 (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2021-04-08 | Graymont Western Canada Inc. | Geotechnical characteristics of tailings via lime addition |
| US20210101808A1 (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2021-04-08 | Graymont Western Canada Inc. | Geotechnical characteristics of tailings via lime addition |
| US11718543B2 (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2023-08-08 | Graymont Western Canada Inc. | Geotechnical characteristics of tailings via lime addition |
| US11724946B2 (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2023-08-15 | Graymont Western Canada Inc. | Geotechnical characteristics of tailings via lime addition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2522031C (fr) | 2013-02-19 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request |