CA2510911A1 - Tib2 rod, and method of fabrication and use - Google Patents
Tib2 rod, and method of fabrication and use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2510911A1 CA2510911A1 CA002510911A CA2510911A CA2510911A1 CA 2510911 A1 CA2510911 A1 CA 2510911A1 CA 002510911 A CA002510911 A CA 002510911A CA 2510911 A CA2510911 A CA 2510911A CA 2510911 A1 CA2510911 A1 CA 2510911A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tib2
- rod
- coating
- electrode
- powders
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/14—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on borides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
- B23K35/402—Non-consumable electrodes; C-electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/327—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C comprising refractory compounds, e.g. carbides
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Abstract
A TiB2 rod, and a method of fabrication therefore are is provided. It may be used to producing a TiB2 coating on the tip surfaces of a resistance spot welding (RSW) electrode, such as may be of a type for welding applications in automotive, and electronic industries. There may be a rod of material for coating the tips of welding rods that includes TiB2 ceramic having good electrical and thermal conductivities and a high melting temperature. The new TiB2 rod may be used to produce a TiB2 coating on an electrode tip surfaces by ESD, which may tend to be low in cost and which may tend to produce a higher electrode life as compared to an embodiment of TiC coating.
Description
TiBz Rod, and Method of Fabrication and Use Area of Application of Invention The TiB2 coating rod, such as may be used to provide by an electrospark deposition (ESD) coating layer on a welding electrode may be used in the field of Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) such as may be used, for example, in applications in industries such as the Automotive and Electronics industries.
Technical Back rg ound With the progress in the automotive industry, regular sheet steels can not meet the corrosion-resistant requirement. Various coated sheet steels, such as Zinc coated steels for example, may be found in an increasing number of applications in automobiles.
However, the resistance spot welding of zinc coated steels may necessitate a higher welding current or longer weld time as compared to uncoated bare steel, because of the lower melting point of Zn and hence the reduced contact resistance as compared to bare steels. This may tend to increase the operating temperature of the electrodes. Under the combined effects of heat and pressure, the electrodes may tend to react with the Zn coating to form low melting point alloys. The formation of these alloys may tend to hasten degradation of the electrodes.
Therefore, researchers have tried to find methods to improve electrode base materials, and to modify the electrode surface conditions. The surface modification methods may be more effective and may be less expensive. A coating layer, which may be a ceramic coating layer, such as may be deposited on electrode surfaces may have a high melting point, high electrical conductivity, high strength and low reactivity with Zn. Such a coating may tend to stop or minimize the reaction between the electrodes and the Zn coating, and hence may tend to improve electrode tip life, and may tend to reduce the sticking tendency between the electrode and the workpiece. As such, there is a need for an advantageous coating material for application on the electrode tip surfaces.
The major surface modification methods include PVD (physical vapor deposition) and ESD (Electrospark Deposition). Others have made observations in this field.
For example, Gobez [ 1 ] applied Co, Ta, Ni, TiN or Mo on CrZrCu electrode, and the results indicated that the first three coatings decreased the electrode tip life but the last two improved the wear resistance of the electrode. Studdon [2] at Wollongong University used TiN on Zn-Al coated steels, and the results indicated 70% improvement in electrode tip life. Ashcroft et al.
[3] applied CrN using PVD on Zn-A1 coated steels, the results indicated that the welding current was reduced by 10%
Technical Back rg ound With the progress in the automotive industry, regular sheet steels can not meet the corrosion-resistant requirement. Various coated sheet steels, such as Zinc coated steels for example, may be found in an increasing number of applications in automobiles.
However, the resistance spot welding of zinc coated steels may necessitate a higher welding current or longer weld time as compared to uncoated bare steel, because of the lower melting point of Zn and hence the reduced contact resistance as compared to bare steels. This may tend to increase the operating temperature of the electrodes. Under the combined effects of heat and pressure, the electrodes may tend to react with the Zn coating to form low melting point alloys. The formation of these alloys may tend to hasten degradation of the electrodes.
Therefore, researchers have tried to find methods to improve electrode base materials, and to modify the electrode surface conditions. The surface modification methods may be more effective and may be less expensive. A coating layer, which may be a ceramic coating layer, such as may be deposited on electrode surfaces may have a high melting point, high electrical conductivity, high strength and low reactivity with Zn. Such a coating may tend to stop or minimize the reaction between the electrodes and the Zn coating, and hence may tend to improve electrode tip life, and may tend to reduce the sticking tendency between the electrode and the workpiece. As such, there is a need for an advantageous coating material for application on the electrode tip surfaces.
The major surface modification methods include PVD (physical vapor deposition) and ESD (Electrospark Deposition). Others have made observations in this field.
For example, Gobez [ 1 ] applied Co, Ta, Ni, TiN or Mo on CrZrCu electrode, and the results indicated that the first three coatings decreased the electrode tip life but the last two improved the wear resistance of the electrode. Studdon [2] at Wollongong University used TiN on Zn-Al coated steels, and the results indicated 70% improvement in electrode tip life. Ashcroft et al.
[3] applied CrN using PVD on Zn-A1 coated steels, the results indicated that the welding current was reduced by 10%
but no improvement in electrode life was experienced. But the electrode life was stable at +7%
compared to +40% with electrode coating. TiC coating was used to improve electrode tip life in microwelding and the results showed the TiC coating by EDS improve the tip life by 200%
(from 600 to 1200) because the TiC coating reduced the local bonding between electrodes and Ni-coated steel and the deformation of the electrodes. The TiC coating by Huys Industries can also improve the electrode sticking resistance. It improved the CuCrZr electrode life in RSW of Zn-coated steels for automotive applications by 250% (from 400 for the uncoated electrodes to 1000 for coated electrodes).
Detailed Description By way of general overview, this description pertains to a TiBZ rod and its fabrication for the use of producing TiBz coating on resistance spot welding (RSW) electrode tip surfaces for welding applications in automotive, and electronic industries. There may be a rod of material for coating the tips of welding rods that includes TiB2 ceramic having good electrical and thermal conductivities and a high melting temperature. The new TiB2 rod may be used to produce a TiB2 coating on an electrode tip surfaces by ESD, which may tend to be low in cost and which may tend to produce a higher electrode life as compared to an embodiment of TiC
coating.
In one embodiment, there may be a TiB2 coating rod for the use of coating on RS W
electrode tip surface by ESD. That rod may have a chemical composition of, in wt%, 12-24 Ni, 4-10 Mo, 0.15-1.0 W, 0.15-1.0 Co, and balance TiB2. This rod may be used for electrospark deposition (ESD) on RSW electrode tip surfaces in automotive and electronics industries.
An aspect of this invention also covers the fabrication of the TiB2 rod for the use of producing TiB2 coating on RSW electrode tip surfaces. The rod may be fabricated as follows:
1. Powders of Ni, Mo, W, Co and TiB at the above mentioned weight percentage are mixed uniformly and milled for 24-96 hours.
2. Binder is then added and the mixture is formed into a green rod.
compared to +40% with electrode coating. TiC coating was used to improve electrode tip life in microwelding and the results showed the TiC coating by EDS improve the tip life by 200%
(from 600 to 1200) because the TiC coating reduced the local bonding between electrodes and Ni-coated steel and the deformation of the electrodes. The TiC coating by Huys Industries can also improve the electrode sticking resistance. It improved the CuCrZr electrode life in RSW of Zn-coated steels for automotive applications by 250% (from 400 for the uncoated electrodes to 1000 for coated electrodes).
Detailed Description By way of general overview, this description pertains to a TiBZ rod and its fabrication for the use of producing TiBz coating on resistance spot welding (RSW) electrode tip surfaces for welding applications in automotive, and electronic industries. There may be a rod of material for coating the tips of welding rods that includes TiB2 ceramic having good electrical and thermal conductivities and a high melting temperature. The new TiB2 rod may be used to produce a TiB2 coating on an electrode tip surfaces by ESD, which may tend to be low in cost and which may tend to produce a higher electrode life as compared to an embodiment of TiC
coating.
In one embodiment, there may be a TiB2 coating rod for the use of coating on RS W
electrode tip surface by ESD. That rod may have a chemical composition of, in wt%, 12-24 Ni, 4-10 Mo, 0.15-1.0 W, 0.15-1.0 Co, and balance TiB2. This rod may be used for electrospark deposition (ESD) on RSW electrode tip surfaces in automotive and electronics industries.
An aspect of this invention also covers the fabrication of the TiB2 rod for the use of producing TiB2 coating on RSW electrode tip surfaces. The rod may be fabricated as follows:
1. Powders of Ni, Mo, W, Co and TiB at the above mentioned weight percentage are mixed uniformly and milled for 24-96 hours.
2. Binder is then added and the mixture is formed into a green rod.
3. The rod is debinded and sintered under 10 MPa to 30 MPa pressure in a controlled atmosphere at 1500-1900°C.
Debinding may refer to heating or baking the green rod for a period of time at moderate, non-sintering temperatures prior to sintering.
This TiB2 rod may be used to coat a layer using ESD onto the RSW electrode tip surface.
The coated layer may typically be of the order of 10-25 ~,m in thickness, and may tend to be very stable. The coated layer may tend to improve the tip life of conventional electrodes (such as Cu-Cr-Zr), without tip dressing. In one embodiment the improvement may be about by 280%, or as much as 1400 cycles, without tip dressing. The TiB2 layer may tend to improve tip life, and may tend to be relatively inexpensive.
In a preferred embodiment, the rod may have a rod composition (in weight percentage) of: 15-20 Ni, 4-8.5 Mo, 0.5-1.0 W, 0.3-1.0 Co, and balance TiB2. It may be milled for 48-72 hours. It may be sintered in a temperature range of 1650-1800°C.
A few experimental examples will be given to illustrate, using tables, the performance of the TiB2 coating on electrode tip surfaces using embodiments of TiB2 rods, as a comparison to TiC coating.
Table 1 shows the chemical compositions (all in weight percentages) of four samples of different TiB2 rods as compared to the TiC rod. It also indicates the average times needed to coat a domed electrode of 16 mm in diameter and 8 mm in radius. It is shown that all four samples of the TiBZ rods are similar to TiC rods and may be used as coating rods for the ESD coating of RSW electrode surfaces.
Table 2 shows a comparison of the tip life of the coated electrodes with the four TiB2 and TiC rods in RSW of 0.8 mm thick Zn-coated steel. It indicates that the electrode life using the TiB2 coating by the four TiB2 rods is improved as compared to the TiC coated electrode.
The following are the details of the examples:
Sample No. 1 Mixing uniformly of powders of 736 g TiB2, 185 g Ni, 61 g Mo, 9 g W, and 9 g Co and then milling the mixture for 52 hours. The mixed powders are made into green rods by adding 83 g binder and then debinded at 220 °C, and then sintered under 10 MPa pressure in a controlled atmosphere at 1710 °C
Sample No. 2 Mixing uniformly of powders of 756 g TiB2,184 g Ni, 42 g Mo,10 g W, and 8 g Co and then milling the mixture for 60 hours. The mixed powders are made into green rods by adding 75 g binder and then debinded at 270 °C, and then sintered under 10 MPa pressure in a controlled atmosphere at 1780 °C
Sample No. 3 Mixing uniformly of powders of 748 g TiB2, 156 g Ni, 85 g Mo, 6 g W, and 5 g Co and then milling the mixture for 52 hours. The mixed powders are made into green rods by adding 91 g binder and then debinded at 190 °C, and then sintered under 10 MPa pressure in a controlled atmosphere at 1680 °C
Sample No. 4 Mixing uniformly of powders of 757 g TiB2, 162 g Ni, 71 g Mo, 7 g W, and 3 g Co and then milling the mixture for 52 hours. The mixed powders are made into green rods by adding 86 g binder and then debinded at 280 °C, and then sintered under 10 MPa pressure in a controlled atmosphere at 1750 °C
Table 1 Composition of the rods and coating time Example 1 2 3 4 TiC for comparison TiB2 73.6 75.6 74.8 75.7 Ni 18.5 18.4 15.6 16.2 Mo 6.1 4.2 8.5 7.1 W 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.7 Co 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.3 Coating 57 59 61 56 65 time (Seconds) Table 2 Average electrode tip life 0.8 mm thick Zn-coated steel TiC 1000 Example 1 1400 Example 2 1500 Example 3 1550 Example 4 1450
Debinding may refer to heating or baking the green rod for a period of time at moderate, non-sintering temperatures prior to sintering.
This TiB2 rod may be used to coat a layer using ESD onto the RSW electrode tip surface.
The coated layer may typically be of the order of 10-25 ~,m in thickness, and may tend to be very stable. The coated layer may tend to improve the tip life of conventional electrodes (such as Cu-Cr-Zr), without tip dressing. In one embodiment the improvement may be about by 280%, or as much as 1400 cycles, without tip dressing. The TiB2 layer may tend to improve tip life, and may tend to be relatively inexpensive.
In a preferred embodiment, the rod may have a rod composition (in weight percentage) of: 15-20 Ni, 4-8.5 Mo, 0.5-1.0 W, 0.3-1.0 Co, and balance TiB2. It may be milled for 48-72 hours. It may be sintered in a temperature range of 1650-1800°C.
A few experimental examples will be given to illustrate, using tables, the performance of the TiB2 coating on electrode tip surfaces using embodiments of TiB2 rods, as a comparison to TiC coating.
Table 1 shows the chemical compositions (all in weight percentages) of four samples of different TiB2 rods as compared to the TiC rod. It also indicates the average times needed to coat a domed electrode of 16 mm in diameter and 8 mm in radius. It is shown that all four samples of the TiBZ rods are similar to TiC rods and may be used as coating rods for the ESD coating of RSW electrode surfaces.
Table 2 shows a comparison of the tip life of the coated electrodes with the four TiB2 and TiC rods in RSW of 0.8 mm thick Zn-coated steel. It indicates that the electrode life using the TiB2 coating by the four TiB2 rods is improved as compared to the TiC coated electrode.
The following are the details of the examples:
Sample No. 1 Mixing uniformly of powders of 736 g TiB2, 185 g Ni, 61 g Mo, 9 g W, and 9 g Co and then milling the mixture for 52 hours. The mixed powders are made into green rods by adding 83 g binder and then debinded at 220 °C, and then sintered under 10 MPa pressure in a controlled atmosphere at 1710 °C
Sample No. 2 Mixing uniformly of powders of 756 g TiB2,184 g Ni, 42 g Mo,10 g W, and 8 g Co and then milling the mixture for 60 hours. The mixed powders are made into green rods by adding 75 g binder and then debinded at 270 °C, and then sintered under 10 MPa pressure in a controlled atmosphere at 1780 °C
Sample No. 3 Mixing uniformly of powders of 748 g TiB2, 156 g Ni, 85 g Mo, 6 g W, and 5 g Co and then milling the mixture for 52 hours. The mixed powders are made into green rods by adding 91 g binder and then debinded at 190 °C, and then sintered under 10 MPa pressure in a controlled atmosphere at 1680 °C
Sample No. 4 Mixing uniformly of powders of 757 g TiB2, 162 g Ni, 71 g Mo, 7 g W, and 3 g Co and then milling the mixture for 52 hours. The mixed powders are made into green rods by adding 86 g binder and then debinded at 280 °C, and then sintered under 10 MPa pressure in a controlled atmosphere at 1750 °C
Table 1 Composition of the rods and coating time Example 1 2 3 4 TiC for comparison TiB2 73.6 75.6 74.8 75.7 Ni 18.5 18.4 15.6 16.2 Mo 6.1 4.2 8.5 7.1 W 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.7 Co 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.3 Coating 57 59 61 56 65 time (Seconds) Table 2 Average electrode tip life 0.8 mm thick Zn-coated steel TiC 1000 Example 1 1400 Example 2 1500 Example 3 1550 Example 4 1450
Claims (4)
1. A TiB2 rod to for use in coating an RSW electrode tip surfaces using EPD, said rod including (in weight percentage): 12-24 Ni, 4-10 Mo, 0.15-1.0 W, 0.15-1.0 Co, and balance TiB2.
2. The rod of claim 1, including (in weight percentage):15-20 Ni, 4-8.5 Mo, 0.5-1.0 W, 0.3-1.0 Co, and balance TiB2 in Claim 1.
3. A method of fabricating the rod of claim 1, said method including the steps of obtaining powders of said Ni, Mo, W, Co and TiB2; mixing said powders evenly; milling said powders for 24 - 96 hours; adding 2 -10 % binder; debinding 100-300°C; and sintering under 10 MPa to 30 MPa pressure in controlled atmosphere at 1500-1900°C.
4. A method of fabricating the rod of claim 2 wherein said method includes the steps of obtaining powders of said Ni, Mo, W, Co and TiB2; mixing said powders evenly;
milling said powders for 48 - 72 hours; adding 2 -10 % binder; debinding 100-300°C;
and sintering under MPa to 30 MPa pressure in controlled atmosphere at 1650-1800°C.
milling said powders for 48 - 72 hours; adding 2 -10 % binder; debinding 100-300°C;
and sintering under MPa to 30 MPa pressure in controlled atmosphere at 1650-1800°C.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200410060704.4 | 2004-08-08 | ||
| CNB2004100607044A CN100349687C (en) | 2004-08-08 | 2004-08-08 | Coated stick of spot welding electrode surface electric spark coating layer and its preparing method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2510911A1 true CA2510911A1 (en) | 2006-02-08 |
Family
ID=34603544
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002510911A Abandoned CA2510911A1 (en) | 2004-08-08 | 2005-06-23 | Tib2 rod, and method of fabrication and use |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060029512A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100349687C (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2510911A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2507796C (en) * | 2005-05-17 | 2013-04-09 | Huys Industries Limited | Welding electrode and method |
| US7538294B2 (en) * | 2005-05-17 | 2009-05-26 | Huys Industries Limited | Welding electrode and method |
| CN100445016C (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2008-12-24 | 陈铮 | Copper alloy electrode for resistance weld and its manufacturing method |
| AU2016234943A1 (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2016-11-10 | Alcoa Usa Corp. | Composition for making wettable cathode in aluminum smelting |
| CN102575362B (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2015-09-02 | 美铝公司 | For the manufacture of the composition of the wettable negative electrode in aluminium melting |
| CN102618867B (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2013-10-16 | 湖南三泰新材料股份有限公司 | Composite reinforcement method for TiC/TiB2 base metal ceramic on surface of roller |
| CN103433595B (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2015-07-29 | 苏州飞泰精工科技有限公司 | There is the electrode cap built-up welding device of automation function |
| US10391574B2 (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2019-08-27 | Huys Industries Limited | Welding method and apparatus therefor |
| CN103801851B (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2016-04-06 | 湖北工业大学 | Spot-wedling electrode electric spark on surface deposition Al 2o 3-TiB 2deposition rod of coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN103805988B (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2016-02-10 | 湖北工业大学 | The TiB of electrical spark cladding coating 2-ZrB 2complex phase cladding rod and preparation method thereof |
| CN103993312B (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2016-09-14 | 湖北工业大学 | Rotary body electric spark on surface deposition modified technique and device |
| CN103801858B (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2016-06-08 | 湖北工业大学 | Spot-wedling electrode electric spark on surface deposition TiB2The deposition rod of-TiC coating |
| JP2016191116A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-11-10 | 日本タングステン株式会社 | Hard composite material, cutting tool using the same, and abrasion-resistant member |
| US10974342B2 (en) | 2016-06-22 | 2021-04-13 | Huys Industries Limited | Welding apparatus |
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| DE2557310A1 (en) * | 1975-04-16 | 1976-10-21 | Nippert Co | COLLECTOR FOR AN ELECTRIC MOTOR |
| US4029931A (en) * | 1975-10-31 | 1977-06-14 | Tuffaloy Products, Inc. | Sliding table for resistance welding |
| US4071947A (en) * | 1976-12-13 | 1978-02-07 | The Nippert Company | Bimetal resistance welding electrode and method for making |
| US4049185A (en) * | 1977-03-11 | 1977-09-20 | The Nippert Company | Method of forming double extruded mount |
| JPS6019098B2 (en) * | 1977-09-30 | 1985-05-14 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Manufacturing method of lanthanum hexaboride hot cathode |
| US4288024A (en) * | 1977-10-25 | 1981-09-08 | The Nippert Company | Method for making a bimetal resistance welding electrode |
| US4149310A (en) * | 1978-03-27 | 1979-04-17 | The Nippert Company | Method of making a heat sink mounting |
| US4345136A (en) * | 1978-11-13 | 1982-08-17 | The Nippert Company | Copper bimetal brazed resistance welding electrode |
| USD269617S (en) * | 1980-07-03 | 1983-07-05 | The Nippert Company | Resistance welding electrode |
| US4861961A (en) * | 1981-03-04 | 1989-08-29 | Huys John H | Welding electrode |
| US4416141A (en) * | 1982-01-11 | 1983-11-22 | The Nippert Company | Method and apparatus for forming an electrical connector |
| US4423617A (en) * | 1982-02-22 | 1984-01-03 | The Nippert Company | Method of making a male resistance welding electrode |
| US4607514A (en) * | 1984-05-07 | 1986-08-26 | The Nippert Company | Method of forming a metal part having an annular flange |
| USD290807S (en) * | 1984-08-13 | 1987-07-14 | The Nippert Company | Resistance welding electrode |
| US4836982A (en) * | 1984-10-19 | 1989-06-06 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Rapid solidification of metal-second phase composites |
| US4624303A (en) * | 1985-04-29 | 1986-11-25 | The Nippert Company | Heat sink mounting and method of making |
| US4734254A (en) * | 1986-12-15 | 1988-03-29 | The Nippert Company | Enhanced machining anneal resistant copper alloy |
| JPH0757422B2 (en) * | 1988-04-29 | 1995-06-21 | 株式会社エス・ティー・ケー・セラミックス研究所 | Resistance welding electrode |
| US5066845A (en) * | 1989-09-11 | 1991-11-19 | Alcotec Wire Company | Resistance welding electrode coated with ceramic layer |
| US5111320A (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1992-05-05 | Xerox Corporation | Ferrolectric liquid crystal devices having improved operating properties by using an electronic mask |
| US5427987A (en) * | 1993-05-10 | 1995-06-27 | Kennametal Inc. | Group IVB boride based cutting tools for machining group IVB based materials |
| DE4323149A1 (en) * | 1993-07-10 | 1995-01-12 | Audi Ag | Electrode for resistance welding |
| US5471029A (en) * | 1994-07-22 | 1995-11-28 | Tuffaloy Products, Inc. | Water cooled resistance welding assembly |
| US5933701A (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 1999-08-03 | Texas A & M University System | Manufacture and use of ZrB2 /Cu or TiB2 /Cu composite electrodes |
| US5914057A (en) * | 1997-02-04 | 1999-06-22 | The Nippert Company | Resistance welding electrode and process for making |
| US5954749A (en) * | 1997-05-12 | 1999-09-21 | Evenflo Company, Inc. | Mesh pacifier with attachment clip |
| US6047471A (en) * | 1997-11-20 | 2000-04-11 | The Nippert Company | Method of making a resistance welding electrode |
| US6355901B1 (en) * | 1999-11-02 | 2002-03-12 | The Nippert Company | Welding electrode connecting adapter |
-
2004
- 2004-08-08 CN CNB2004100607044A patent/CN100349687C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-06-23 US US11/159,402 patent/US20060029512A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-06-23 CA CA002510911A patent/CA2510911A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100349687C (en) | 2007-11-21 |
| CN1586791A (en) | 2005-03-02 |
| US20060029512A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
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