CA2487450C

CA2487450C - (2s)-2-ethylphenylpropanoic acid derivatives

Info

Publication number: CA2487450C
Application number: CA002487450A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Jun Asano; Shigeki Isogai; Wataru Hori
Original assignee: Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
Current assignee: Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
Priority date: 2002-05-27
Filing date: 2003-05-26
Publication date: 2009-09-22
Anticipated expiration: 2023-05-26
Also published as: JPWO2003099766A1; DE60315020T2; CA2487450A1; WO2003099766A1; EP1508566A1; EP1508566B1; AU2003235429A1; US7361783B2; US20060084702A1; EP1508566A4; JP4446387B2; DE60315020D1

Abstract

The invention provides novel (2S)-2-ethylphenylpropanoic acid derivatives that bind to the receptor as ligands of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) a to activate and exhibit lipid-lowering effect, inhibitory effect on the arteriosclerosis, antiobesity effect, blood glucose-lowering effect, etc., their addition salts, and their medicinal compositions. (2S)-2-Ethylphenylpropanoic acid derivatives represented by a general formula (1) (see formula 1) [wherein R1 denotes a halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group, R2 denotes a hydrogen atom, halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group, and, when R2 denotes a hydrogen atom, R3 denotes a halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group and, when R2 denotes a halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group, R3 denotes a hydrogen atom, halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group], and their addition salts.

Description

SPECIFICATION

(2S)-2-Ethylphenylpropanoic acid derivatives The present invention relates to (2S)-2-ethylphenylpropanoic acid derivatives, effective for the therapy of dyslipidemia, ,diabetes mellitus, etc. as agonists of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPA:R), in particular, as agonists for human PPARa isoform, their addition salts, and medicinal compositions containing these compounds.

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that belongs to nuclear receptor superfamily such as steroid receptor, retinoid receptor and thyroid receptor. Moreover, there exist three isoforms (a type, y type and S(or 0) type) in this receptor, which are identified in various animal species (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 1992, 89, 4653).
Thereamong, the PPARa is distributed in the liver, kidney, etc. with high catabolic capacity for fatty acids (Endocrinology, 1995, 137, 354), positively or negatively controlling the expressions of genes relevant to the metabolism and the intracellular transport of fatty acids (e.g. acyl CoA synthetic enzyme, fatty acid-binding protein and lipoprotein lipase) and apolipo protein (AI, AII, CIII) genes relevant to the metabolisms of cholesterol and triglyceride. The PPAR~ is expressed ubiquitously in the tissues of organisms, including nerve cells. The PPARy is highly expressed in the adipocytes and involved in the differentiation of adipocytes (J. Lipid Res., 1996, 37, 907). At present, the physiological significance of PPARb is unclear. In this way, each isoform of PPAR is fulfilling specific functions in the particular organs and tissues.

Moreover, it is reported that a knock-out mouse of PPARa exhibits hypertriglyceridemia with ageing and becomes obesity mainly by increasing the white adipose tissues (J. Biol. Chem.,1998, 273, 29577). This strongly suggests the relevance between activation of PPARa and decreasing effect of lipids (cholesterol and triglyceride) in blood.

On the other hand, as the therapeutic drugs for hyperlipidemia used mainly at present, fibrates and statins are known. However, the fibrates have only weak decreasing effect of cholesterol, while the statins have weak decreasing effect of free fatty acids and triglycerides. Moreover, with respect to the fibrates, adverse effects such as gastrointestinal injury, anthema, headache, hepatic disorder, renal disorder and biliary calculus are reported, hence the development of a therapeutic drug for hyperlipidemia due to specific mechanism that exhibits no such adverse effects is desired.

When considering the present situation of such conventional therapeutic drugs for hyperlipidemia, and the role on the regulatory function of lipometabolism and the connection to thepathology of hyperlipidemia of transcription factor called PPARa, which has become clear until now, if a compound that binds directly to PPARa, in particular, to human PPARa as a ligand and is capable of potently activating human PPARa could be created, it would be expected to become a therapeutic drug that exhibits the decreasing effect of lipids (both of cholesterol and triglyceride) in blood due to specific mechanism.

As endogeneous ligands of PPARa, eicosanoids in hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) group produced via oxidation with cytochrome P-450, in particular, 8-HETE, 8-HEPE, etc. are reported in addition to LTB4 being a metabolite of arachidonic acid (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 1997, 94, 312). However, these endogenous unsaturated fatty acid derivatives are unstable metabolically and chemically and cannot be offered as medicinal drugs.

On the other hand, as compounds with similar structure to the inventive compounds, for which the agonistic activity on PPARa is reported, compounds represented by a general formula (A) (A) [wherein R1 denotes a lower alkyl group with carbon atoms of 1 to 4, lower alkoxy group with carbon atoms of 1 to 3, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxy group, phenyl group which is unsubstituted or which may have substituents, phenoxy group which is unsubstituted or which may have substituents, or benzyloxy group which is unsubstituted or which may have substituents, R2 denotes a lower alkyl group with carbon atoms of 1 to 4, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl group, lower alkoxy group with carbon atoms of 1 to 3, phenoxy group, lower alkylthio group with carbon atoms of 1 to 3, phenylthio group or benzylthio group, and, when R2 is a lower alkyl group with carbon atoms of 1 to 4 or 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl group, R3 denotes a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl group with carbon atoms of 1 to 4 and, when R2 is a lower alkoxy group with carbon atoms of 1 to 3, phenoxy group, lower alkylthio group with carbon atoms of 1 to 3, phenylthio group or benzylthio group, R3 denotes a hydrogen atom, and R4 denotes a lower alkoxy group with carbon atoms of 1 to 3), in Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2001/55367, compounds represented by a general formula (B) ~ A CO2H

R3 (B) [wherein R1 denotes a lower alkyl group, lower alkoxy group, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxy group or benzyloxy group which may have substituents, R2 denotes a hydrogen atom, lower alkyl group or lower alkoxy group, R3 denotes a lower alkoxy group, and A denotes -CH2CONH-, -NHCOCH2-, -CH2CH2CO-, -CH2CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2O-, -CONHCH2-, -CH2NHCH2-, -COCH2O-, -OCH2CO-, -COCH2NH- or -NHCH2CO-], in W001/92201, and compounds represented by a general formula (C) Z
Y-L-X-T M.._.. W
(C) [wherein Ri denotes a hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, alkyl group or the like, L denotes a single bond, double bond, alkylene group or the like, M denotes a single bond, alkylene group or the like, T denotes a single bond, alkylene group or the like, W denotes a carboxyl group, group represented by -CON(R11)R12 or the like, --- denotes a single bond or double bond, X denotes an oxygen atom, alkenylene group or the like, Y denotes an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have hetero atom, or the like, and ring Z denotes a hydrocarbon group which may have hetero atom], in W001/251281 are known. However, in the specifications of these patent applications, (2S)-2- ethylphenylpropanoic acid having a group represented by a formula ~
R
R3 a N)~' i H

[wherein R1 denotes a halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group, R2 denotes a hydrogen atom, halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group, and, when R2 denotes a hydrogen atom, R3 denotes a halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group and, when R2 denotes a halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group, R3 denotes a hydrogen atom, halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group], being a feature of the inventive compounds, is not disclosed.

The subject of the invention is to provide compounds that have a different structure from that of publicly known compounds aforementioned, that have potent agonistic activity on PPARa and exhibit potent effect in vivo, and further that have excellent properties in the points of safety, persistence, etc.

As a result of diligent studies paying an attention to such specific role on the lipometabolism of human PPARa, aiming at the creation of structurally novel drug with effectiveness, persistence and high safety as a therapeutic drug for hyperlipidemia, the inventors have found that novel (2S)-2-ethylphenylpropanoic acid derivatives and their addition salts of the invention have excellent transcriptional activation on human PPARa, are excellent in the persistence, and exhibit excellent lipid-lowering effect in vivo.

Namely, it has been found that (2S)-2-ethylphenylpropanoic acid derivatives represented by a general formula (1) R2 I ~H ~ R3 O M(1) [wherein R1 denotes a halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group, R2 denotes a hydrogen atom, halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group, and, when R2 denotes a hydrogen atom, R3 denotes,a halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group and, when R2 denotes a halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group, R3 denotes a hydrogen atom, halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group], and their addition salts have excellent transcriptional activation on human PPARa, are excellent in the persistence, and exhibit excellent lipid-lowering effect in vivo, leading to the completion of the invention.

Furthermore, it has been found that (2S) -2-ethylphenylpropanoic acid derivatives represented by a general formula (1-a) icrf, N ~ C02H
R2 ~ HR3 O e0 (1-a) [wherein Ri denotes a halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group, R2 denotes a hydrogen atom, halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group, and, when R2 denotes a hydrogen atom, R3 denotes a halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group and, when R2 denotes a halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group, R3 denotes a hydrogen atom, halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group], and their addition salts have excellent transcriptional activation on human PPARa, are excellent in the persistence, and exhibit excellent lipid-lowering effect in vivo, leading to the completion of the invention.

Still more, it has been found that (2S)-2-ethylphenylpropanoic acid derivatives represented by a general formula (1-b) H
R3 0 Me0 (1-b) [wherein R1 denotes a halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group, R2 denotes a hydrogen atom, halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group, and, when R2 denotes a hydrogen atom, R3 denotes a halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group and, when R2 denotes a halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group, R3 denotes a hydrogen atom, halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group], and their addition salts have excellent transcriptional activation on human PPARa, are excellent in the persistence, and exhibit excellent lipid-lowering effect in vivo, leading to the completion of the invention.

In the general formula (1) of the inventive compounds, preferably compounds with general formula being (1-a) are mentioned. More preferably, in the general formula (1), compounds with general formula being (1-b) are mentioned. Still more preferably, in the general formula (1-b), compounds with Ri and R3 denoting a halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group and R2 denoting a hydrogen atom, halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group are mentioned.

As these still more preferable compounds, compounds shown below, namely, (2S)-2-{[3 -(N-{[4-(3,5-bistrifluoromethylphenoxy)phenyl]
methyl}carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}butyric acid, (2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3-bromo-5-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]methyl}carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}butyric acid, (2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3-bromo-5-fluorophenoxy)phenyl]methyl}carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}
butyric acid, (2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3-bromo-5-trifluoromethylphenoxy)phenyl]methyl}carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}butyric acid,(2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3-chloro-5-fluorophenoxy)phenyl]methyl}carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}butyric acid, (2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylphenoxy)phenyl] methyl}carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}butyric acid, (2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylphenoxy)phenyl]methyl}carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}butyric acid, (2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3,5-dibromophenoxy)phenyl]methyl}carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}butyric acid, (2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3,5-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl]methyl}carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}butyric acid, (2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3,5-difluorophenoxy)phenyl]methyl}carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}butyric acid,(2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)phenyl]methyl}carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}butyric acid, (2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3,4,5-trifluorophenoxy)phenyl]methyl}carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}butyric acid, and the like are mentioned.

In the description of general formula (1) of the invention, for "halogen atoms", fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine are mentioned.

Compounds of the invention can be prepared through processes that follow the processes described in Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP
2001/55367, for example, through following processes (Schemel).

H~ C xP ~ R2~ '% NHz ---R3 O ist process (2) (3) R~ IC02H
R2 {- Il H ~
-F. I( H I~ xp -~' R2-R3~~` ~O 2nd process R3J~`O Me0 (4) (1) 3rd proces8\ /4th process R2 ) ~~ N O-R4 R3 O" Me0 (5) Scheme 1 Namely, compounds represented by the general formula (1) R3 O Me0 (1) [wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as described above], can be synthesized by reacting (first process) compounds synthesizable through the processes described in Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2001/55367 and represented by a general formula (2) O
HOZC ~ Xp Me0)~
(2) [wherein Xp denotes a chiral oxazolidinone group such as optically active 4-benzyl-2-oxazolidinone-3-yl group, 4-isopropyl-2-oxazolidinone-3-yl group or 4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone-3-yl group], with compounds represented by a general formula (3) R2 tL ( ~ NHz o ~
R3 (3) [wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as described above], for 4 to 24 hours at 10 to 80 C in a suitable solvent, for example, chloroform, dichloromethane or the like, using a suitable condensing agent, for example, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N-ethyl-N'-3-dimethylaminopropylcarbodiimide hydrochloride or the like, or by reacting compounds represented by the general formula (2) for 0.5 to 2 hours at -10 to 20 C in a suitable solvent, for example, chloroform, dichloromethane or the like, using a suitable acid halide or acid anhydride, for example, ethyl chlorocarbonate, trifluoroacetic anhydride or the like, in the presence of suitable base, for example, triethylamine or the like, and then by reacting with compounds represented by the general formula (3), to synthesize compounds represented by a general formula (4) R2 < < ~ , H I~ xP
R3 0 Me0 (4) [wherein Rl, R2, R3 and Xp are as described above], and by reacting (second process) these compounds for 0.5 to 8 hours at -20 to 20 C
in a suitable solvent, for example, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or the like, using hydrogen peroxide and lithium hydroxide.

Moreover, compounds represented by the general formula (1) can be synthesized by reacting (third process) compounds shown by the general formula (4) for 0.5 to 8 hours at -20 to 20 C in a suitable solvent, for example, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or the like, using hydrogen peroxide and lithium hydroxide, then esterifying through the publicly known esterification process, for example, process for reacting for 0.5 to 4 hours at 0 to 20 C in methanol, using trimethylsilyldiazomethane, to synthesize compounds represented by a general formula (5) Rl 0 0 R2 ~N;Zz N Oy 0 H
R3 0 Me0 (5) [wherein Rl, R2 and R3 are as described above, and R4 denotes a lower alkyl group with C 1-4], and by reacting (fourth process) these compounds for 4 to 48 hours at 20 to 80 C in a suitable solvent, for example, water, methanol, ethanol, mixed solvent thereof or the like, using a suitable base, for example, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide or the like.

Moreover, compounds represented by the general formula (3) can be synthesized through publicly known processes, for example, processes described in Bioorg. Med. Chem., 1998, 6, 15, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 003/223256, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 003/81266, etc., or processes that follow these, for example, through following processes (Scheme 2) R1 R1~ ~ CHO
R2--(~ `}-OH + F CHO ---- ~ R2-f (j ( ~ --~-R3 5th process R3~"~'~`O 6th process (6) (7) (8) R2--t Ij j OH R2-}; Ij j Hal.
R3 ~~ `O 7th process R3 8th process (9) (10) R2 -~ Ij ~ i - R2 I ~ NHZ
~~"O
R 3 9th process R 3 0 {11) (3) Scheme 2 Namely, compounds represented by the general formula (3) R2 tL ~ NH2 o R3 (3) [wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as described above], can be synthesized by reacting (fifth process) compounds represented by a general formula (6) R3 (6) [wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as described above], with compounds represented by a general formula (7) F acHO

(7) for 0.5 to 24 hours at 20 to 120 C without solvent or in a suitable solvent, for example, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide or the like, in the presence of suitable base, for example, sodium hydride, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate or the like to synthesize compounds represented by a general formula (8) R1 ~ CHO
R2 ~ 1 ~, R3 to (8) [wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as described above], by reacting (sixth process) these compounds for 1 to 8 hours at 0 to 80 C in a suitable solvent, for example, ethanol, isopropanol or the like, using a suitable reducing agent, for example, sodium borohydride, sodium aluminum hydride or the like, to synthesize compounds represented by a general formula (9) R2 ti ~ ~ OH
0 ~
R3 (9) [wherein Rl, R2 and R3 are as described above], by reacting (seventh process) these compounds for 2 to 8 hours at 0 to 80 C without solvent or in a suitable solvent, for example, chloroform, dichloromethane or the like, using a suitable halogenating agent, for example, thionyl chloride, phosphorus tribromide or the like, to synthesize compounds represented by a general formula (10) R2 Hai.
O
R3 (10) [wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as described above, and Hal. denotes a chlorine atom or bromine atom], by reacting (eighth process) these compounds with potassium salt of phthalimide for 2 to 48 hours at 20 to 120 C in a suitable solvent, for example, acetonitrile or N,N-dimethylformamide, to synthesize compounds represented by a general formula (11) R2 :IOJ N/ \

(11) [wherein Rl, R2 and R3 are as described above], and by reacting (ninth process) these compounds for 1.5 to 8 hours at 40 to 100 C in a suitable solvent, for example, ethanol, isopropanol or the like, using hydrazine-hydrate.

As the forms for administering the inventive novel compounds, for example, oral administration with tablets, capsules, granules, powders, inhalants, syrups or the like, or parenteral administration with injections, suppositories or the like can be mentioned.

Examples and referential examples of the inventive compounds will be described below to illustrate the invention in more detail.
However, the invention is not confined to these examples, and they may be altered within a range not to deviate from the scope of the invention.

<Example 1>

[3(2S),4$] -4-Benzyl-3 - ( 2 -{3-[ 3- (,N-{r4 - ( 3 , 4 -difluorophenoxv)phenyl]met ylica_rbamoyl)-4-methoxvplleIIyl]meth=ll) bu anoyloxazol_i di non -2-one F ~ N N~O
F~I O ~ MeO

To a solution of compound (500mg, 1.37mmol) of Referential example 1 in ethanol (lOmL) was added hydrazine-hydrate (137mg, 2.74mmo1), and the mixture was refluxed for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered and the f iltrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Ethyl acetate was added to the residue, which was washed with 2mol/L aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and brine. The ethyl acetate layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then concentrated. To the residue were added dichloromethane (15mL), [3(2S),4R]-3-[2-ethyl-3-(4-methoxy-3-{N-[(4-fluorophenoxyphenyl)methyl]carbamoyl}phenyl)propanoyl]-4-benzyloxazolidine-2-one (542mg, 1.37mmol) and N-ethyl-N'-3-dimethylaminopropylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (395mg, 2.06mmo1) in turn, and the mixture was stirred for 14 hours at room temperature.
After concentrating the reaction mixture, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate =
20:1-5:1) to afford 545mg of white amorphous title compound. Yield 63%.

1H-NNR ( 400MHz, CDC13, 8): 0.92 (3H, t, J 7.8), 1. 74-1. 81 (1H, m), 2.58 (1H, dd, J 9.2, 13.2), 2.82-2.77 (1H, dd, J 6.8, 13.7), 3.05-3.15 (2H, m), 4.02-4.18 (3H, m), 4.62-4.71 (3H, m), 6.69 (1H, m), 6.78-6.84 (1H, m), 6.90-6.93 (3H, m), 7.06-7.32 (5H, m), 7.43 (1H, dd, J 2.0, 8.3), 8.17 (1H, brt), a CH proton dissolved into H20.

<Examples 2 through 8>

Through similar process to Example 1, compounds listed in following Table 1 were obtained.

(Table 1) R1 0 O ~
R2 3~I- ~ H !~ N O
R3 0 Me0 Examp l e R1 R2 R3 Examp l e R1 R2 R3 <<Compound of Example 2>>
[3(2S.),4gl-4-Benzyl-3-(2-13-[3-(N-l[4-(3,5 cl i f 1 uoronhenoxv)Dz henv.llmet ylica_rba_moyl) -4 -mPtho__x~ n,he,n.y1 1mP y1 l) bu anoyl_oxazol i di none-2-one 1H-NMR (400Ngiz, CDC13, S): 0.93 (3H, t, J 7.3), 1.74-1.81 (1H, m), 2.58 (1H, dd, J 9.3, 13 . 2), 2.80 (1H, dd, J 6. 8, 13 .7 ), 3. 06-3 .15 (2H, m), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.01-4.18 (3H, m), 4.65 (2H, d, J 5.9), 4. 66-4 . 70 (1H, m), 6.45-6 . 54 (3H, m), 6.92 (1H, d, J 8. 3), 6.98 (2H, d, J 8.8), 7.07 (2H, d, J 6.3), 7.22-7.28 (3H, m), 7.34 (2H, d, J
8.8), 7.43 (1H, dd, J 2.4, 8.3), 8.11 (1H, d, J 2.4), 8.18 (1H, brt).
<<Compound of Example 3>>

r3(2S),48j-4-Benzyl-3-(2-13-[3-(N-1[4-(2,3-diflnnrophenoxy)pjenyl]methyllcarbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methylllbutanoyloxazolidinone-2-one 1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, 8): 0.92 (3H, t, J 7.3), 1.52-1.62 (1H, m), 2.57 (1H, dd, J 9.3, 13 . 2), 2.80 (1H, dd, J 6. 8, 13 . 7), 3. 05-3 .14 (2H, m) , 3.89 (3H, s), 4. 03-4 .18 (3H, m) , 4. 62-4 . 70 (3H, m) , 6. 75-6 .

(1H, m) , 6. 90-7 . 03 (5H, m), 7.07 (2H, d, J 6.3), 7. 20-7 .30 (5H, m) , 7.42 (1H, dd, J 2.4, 8.8), 8.10 (1H, d, J 2.4), 8.15 (1H, brt).
<<Compound of Example 4>>

[3 (2S),4R]-4-Benzyl-3-(,2-j3-[3-(N-j [4-(2,4-difluorQphe noxv)phen,yl]met y,j,icarbamoyl)-4-methoxvphenyl]met yll)butanoyloxazolidinone-2-one 1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 0.92 (3H, t, J 7.3), 1.54-1.58 (1H, m), 1.75-1.79 (1H, m), 2.57 (1H, dd, J 9.8, 13.7), 2.79 (1H,dd, J
6.8, 13 .2 ), 3. 05-3 .15 (2H, m), 3.88 (3H, s), 4. 02-4 .18 ( 3H,m) , 4.61 (2H, d, J 5.9), 4. 65-4 . 70 (1H, m) , 6. 83-7 . 08 (8H, m) , 7.22-7.28 (5H, m), 7.42 (1H, dd, J 2.4, 8.3), 8.10 (1H, d, J 2.4), 8.13 (1H, brt).
<<Compound of Example 5>>

r3(2$),4R]-4-Benzyl-3-(2;~3-[3-(N-j[4-(2,5-difluoropheno nz henyl]met y1,icarbamoyl)-4-methoxvphenyl]met 1l)butanoyloxazolidinone-2-one 1H-NNgt (400MHz, CDC13, S): 0.92 (3H, t), 1.74-1.81 (1H, m), 2. 57 (1H, dd, J 9. 3, 13 . 7), 2.80 (1H, dd, 16.8, 13 . 2), 3. 05-3 .15 ( 2H, m), 3.89 (3H, s), 4.01-4.18 (3H, m), 4.62-4.70 (3H, m), 6.68-6.73 (1H, m), 6. 75-6. 81 (1H, m), 6.91 (1H, d, J 8. 8), 6.94 (2H, d, J 8. 8), 7.07 (2H, d, J 6. 3), 7. 09-7 .15 (1H, m) , 7.22-7 . 31 (5H, m) , 7.43 (1H, dd, J 2.4, 8.8), 8.10 (1H, d, J 2.4), 8.15 (1H, brt), a CH proton dissolved into H20.

Compound of Example 6>>
[3(2S),4R1-4-Benzyl-3-(2-13-[3-(N-ij4-(2,6-difluorophenoxyltihenyl]met ylicarbamoyl)-4-methox=phenyl]met yll)bu_anoyloxazolidinone-2-one 1H-NNIlZ ( 400NHz, CDC13, b): 0.92 (3H, t), 1. 73-1. 81 (1H, m), 2.56 (1H, dd, J 9.8, 13.7), 2.79 (1H, dd, J 6.3, 13.2), 3.05-3.14 (2H, m), 3.87 (3H, s), 4.00-4.18 (3H, m), 4.60 (2H, d, J 5.9), 4.64-4.70 (1H, m), 6.86-6.91 (3H, m), 6.98-7.07 (4H, m), 7.12-7.24 (6H, m), 7.42 (1H, dd, J2.4, 8.8), 8.09-8.11 (2H, m), aCHprotondissolved into H20.

Compound of Example 7>>

j3(2S),4g] -4-Benzy1-3 - ( 2 -j[ 4 -methoxv-3- ( N-jr4-( 3 , 4 ,,5-trifluorophenox_v-)phenyl]methylica_rbamoyl)phenyl]mP y1i)butanoyl oxazolidinone-2-one 1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 0.92 (3H, t, J 7.3), 1.72-1.83(1H, m), 2.58 (1H, dd, J 9.8, 13 . 7), 2.80 (1H, dd, J 6.8, 13 . 7), 3. 06-3 .15 (2H, m), 3.91 (3H, s), 4. 01-4 .18 (3H, m), 4. 60-4 . 71 (3H, m), 6.56-6.61 (2H, m), 6. 91-6 . 95 (3H, m), 7.07 (2H, d, J 6.8), 7. 22-7 . 28 (3H, m), 7.33 (2H, d, J 8. 8), 7.43 (1H, dd, J 2. 4, 8.8), 8.11 (1H, d, J 2. 4), 8.19 (1H, brt), a CH proton dissolved into H20.

<<Compound of Example 8>>

r3(2S),4Ri-4-Benzyl-3-[?-(13-[N-(,~4-[3,5-b is( tri fluo_romethyl 1 tihenoxX 7 n = henyilmet yt ) carbam__oyl l-4-methoxyphenylimet ylllbutanoyloxazolidinone-2-one 1H-NNgt (400MHz, CDC13, ti): 0.93 (3H, t, J 7.3), 1.52-1.63 (1H, m), 1.72-1.81 (1H, m), 2.58 (1H, dd, J 9.3, 13.2), 2.80 (1H,dd, J
6.8, 13.7), 3.06-3.15 (2H, m), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.01-4.18 (3H,m), 4.66-4.70 (3H, m), 6.92 (1H, d, J 8.3), 6.98 (2H, d, J 8.3), 7.07 (2H, d, J 6.3), 7.20-7 . 28 (3H, m), 7.36-7.38 (4H, m), 7.44 (1H, dd, J 2.4, 8.3), 7.56 (1H, s), 8.11 (1H, d, J 2.4), 8.21 (1H, brt).
<Example 9>

(2S)-2-j[3-(N-i[4-(3.4-Difluorophenoxv-)phenyllmethvllcarbamoyl)_ 4-methoxyphenyl]met yllbutyric acid O
F~ I \ N C02H
F ~ O ~ Me0 ~

To a solution of compound (545mg, 0.867mmo1) of Example 1 in tetrahydrofuran (5mL) was added water (1mL), which was cooled to 0 C. To this were added 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide (411mg, 3.63mmo1) and 1 mol/L aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide (1.45mL) in turn, and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours at 0 C. To the reaction mixture was added a 64% solution of sodium hydrogensulfite (590mg) in water (21L), and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at 0 C .
The reaction mixture was brought to pH 3 with 3mol/L hydrochloric acid, which was extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate =4:1-3:2) to afford 299mg of white powdery title compound. Yield 73%.

Mp: 118-120 C.

1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 0.97 (3H, t, J 7.3), 1.56-1.72 (2H, m), 2.59-2.66 (1H, m), 2.80 (1H, dd, J 6.3, 13.8), 2.94 (1H,dd, J
8.3, 13.7), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.65 (2H, d, J 5.9), 4.65 (2H, d, J 5.9), 6. 69-6 . 74 (1H, m), 6. 79-6 . 85 (1H, m), 6.90 (1H, d, J 8. 3), 6.97 (2H, d, J 8.8), 7.10 (1H, q, J 9.3), 7.29-7.31 (1H, m), 7.35 (2H, d, J
8.8), 8.07 (1H, d, J 2.4), 8.26 (1H, brt).

HRMS: found 469.1666 (-3.5mmu).

Anal: Calcd for C26H25F2NO5 C 66.52, H 5.37, N 2.98; found C 66.36, H 5.47, N 3.22.

[ah 26.0 +29.2 .
<Examples 10 through 15>

Using the compounds of Examples 2 through 6 and 8, through similar process to Example 9, compounds listed in following Table 2 were obtained.

(Table 2) R2 (I r(N1()' O e0 E xamp l e R 1 R2 Examp l e R 1 R2 <<Compound of Example 10>>

(2S)-2-l[3 -(N-l[4-(3,5-Difluorophenoxv)phenyl]met ylicarbamoyl)-4-methoxQ4phenyllmet 1jbutyric acid Mp: 140-142 C.

1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 0.97 (3H, t, J 7.3), 1.56-1.71 (2H, m), 2.59-2.67 (1H, m), 2.80 (1H, dd, J 6.3, 13.7), 2.95 (1H,dd, J
8.3, 13.7), 3.92 (3H, s), 4.67 (2H, d, J 5.9), 6.46-6.54 (3H, m), 6.90 (1H, d, J 8.3), 7.03 (2H, d, J 8.3), 7.26-7.30 (1H, m), 7.38 (2H, d, J 8.3), 8.08 (1H, d, J 2.4), 8.28 (1H, brt).

HRMS: found 469.1681 (-2.0mmu).

Anal: Calcd for C26H25F2NO5 C 66.52, H 5.37, N 2.98; found C 66.25, H 5.45, N 3.12.

lah 26.3: +25=8 .

<<Compound of Example 11>>

(2S)-2-j[3-(N-~[4-(2,3-Difluorophenoxy)nhenyljmet ylicarbamovl)-4-methoxyphenyl]meth~~ibutyric acid Mp: 93-95 C.

1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, N: 0.97 (3H, t, J 7.3), 1.55-1.70 (2H, m), 2.58-2.66 (1H, m), 2.79 (1H, dd, J 6.3, 13.7), 2.94 (1H,dd, J
8.3, 13.7), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.65 (2H, d, J 5.9), 6.76-6.81 (1H, m), 6.89 (1H, d, J 8. 8), 6. 91-7 . 03 (4H, m), 7.28-7 . 30 (1H, m), 7.33 (2H, d, J 8.8), 8.06 (1H, d, J 2.0), 8.24 (1H, brt).

HRMS: found 469.1657 (-4.4mmu).
[aJD28.7 : +28.6 .

<<Compound of Example 12>>
(2S)-2-1[3-(N-~[4-(2,4-Difluorophenoxv)phenyl]methyllcarbamnyl)-4-methox=phenyl]methyllbutyric acid - 0.3 hydrate Mp: 120-122 C.

1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, b): 0.97 (3H, t, J 7.3), 1.55-1.67 (2H, m), 2.58-2.65 (1H, m), 2.79 (1H, dd, J 5.9, 13.7), 2.94 (1H,dd, J
8.8, 13.7), 3.90 (3H, s), 4.63 (2H, d, J 5.9), 6.82-6.98 (5H, m), 7. 03-7 . 08 (1H, m), 7. 28-7 . 32 (3H, m) , 8.06 (1H, d, J 2. 4), 8.22 (1H, brt).

HRMS: found 469.1657 (-4.4mmu).

Anal: Calcd for C26H25F2NU5 - 0.3H20 C 65.76, H 5.43, N 2.94;
found C 65.73, H 5.50, N 3.18.

[a1D28.9: +26.3 .

<<Compound of Example 13>>

_ (2S) -2-~(3-(N-~[ 4- ( 2, 5-Difluorophenoxy) phenyl ]met ylicarba_m__oyl ) 4-mPthoxvnheny] lmPt y1,.}butyric acid Mp: 116-118 C.

1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, 8): 0.97 (3H, t, J 7.3), 1.56-1.72 (2H, m), 2.60 (1H, m), 2.79 (1H, dd, J 6.3, 13.7), 2.79 (1H, dd, J 6.3, 13.7), 2.95 (1H, dd, J8.8, 13.7), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.66 (2H,d, J5.9), 6. 70-6 . 81 (2H, m), 6.89 (1H, d, J 8. 3), 6.99 (2H, d, J 8. 8), 7. 09-7 .15 (1H, m), 7.29 (1H, m), 7.35 (2H, d, J 8.8), 8.08 (1H, d, J 2.4), 8.24 (1H, brt).

HRMS: found 469.1709 (+0.8mmu).

Anal: Calcd for C26H25F2NO5 C 66.52, H 5.37, N 2. 98; found C 66.31, H 5.44, N 3.25.

[a]D29.0: +24.1 .
<<Compound of Example 14>>

(2S) -2-Ij 3- (N-j[ 4- ( 2, 6-Difluorophenoxy) phenyl ]met ylica_rba_m__oy?)-4-methoxvpheny] et llbutyric acid Mp: 106-108 C.

1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 0.96 (3H, t, J 7.8), 1.55-1.71 (2H, m), 2.59-2.66 (1H, m), 2.78 (1H, dd, J 8.3, 13.7), 2.94 (1H,dd, J
8.3, 13.7), 3.89 (3H, s), 4.62 (2H, d, J 5.4), 6.87-6.93 (3H, m), 7.01 (2H, t, J 8.3), 7.11-7.19 (1H, m), 7. 27-7 . 30 (1H, m), 8.06 (1H, d, J 2.0), 8.18 (1H, brt).

HRMS: found 469.1669 (-3.2mmu).

Anal: Calcd for C26H25F2NO5 C 66 . 52, H 5.37, N 2.98; found C 66.40, H 5.39, N 3.01.

[a]D29.0: +27.6 .
<<Compound of Example 15>>
(2S) -2- ( j3- IN-(j4-( 3, 5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenoxylphenvllmethvl)ca_rbamoyl]-4-methoxyphenylimet yl)butyric acid Mp: 125-127 C.

1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 0.97 (3H, t, J 7.8), 1.56-1.71 (2H, m), 2.59-2.67 (1H, m), 2.80 (1H, dd, J 6.3, 13.7), 2.95 (1H,dd, J
8.8, 13.7), 3.93 (3H, s), 4.70 (2H, d, J 5.9), 6.91 (1H, d, J 8.3), 7.04 (2H, d, J 8.3), 7.29 (1H, dd, J 2.0, 8.3), 7.38(2H,s), 7.42 (2H, d, J 8.3), 7.56 (1H, s), 8.08 (1H, d, J 2.0), 8.30(1H, brt).
HRMS: found 569.1655 (+1.8mmu).

Anal: Calcd for C28H25F6N05 C 59. 05, H 4.42, N 2.46; found C 59.12, H 4.43, N 2.59.

[a] D 29.1: +20.7 .
<Example 16>

Methyl (?S)-2-{[4-methoxv-3- N -1j¾-(3,4,5-trifluorQphenoxy, tihe yl]met ylicarbamoyl)pheny1 et ylibutyrate F O
F ~ icra N C 02Me ~ I H F O e0 To a solution of compound (700mg, 1.08mmo1) of Example 7 in tetrahydrofuran (5mL) was added water (1mL), which was cooled to 0 C. To this were added 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide (490mg, 4.32mmo1) and 1 mol/L aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide (1.73mL) in turn, and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours at 0 C. To the reaction mixture was added a 64% solution of sodium hydrogensulfite (702mg) in water (2mL), and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at 0 C.
The reaction mixture was brought to pH 3 with 3mol/L hydrochloric acid, which was extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then concentrated. To the residue were added ethyl acetate (5mL) and methanol (5 mL), which was cooled to 0 C. Then, 2mol/L n-hexane solution (0. 865mL) of trimethylsilyldiazomethane was added dropwise under stirring. After completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred for 2 hours at 0 C. After acetic acid was added to the reaction mixture until yellow color of reaction mixture disappeared, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate = 10:1-2:1) to afford 465mg of colorless liquid title compound. Yield 86%.

1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 0.91 (3H, t, J 7.3), 1.56-1.69 (2H, m), 2.57-2.64 (2H, m), 2.75 (1H, dd, J 6.3, 13.7), 2.93 (1H,dd, J
8.8, 13 . 7), 3.62 (3H, s), 3.92 (3H, s), 4.67 (2H, d, J 5. 9), 6. 57-6 . 61 (2H, m), 6.89 (1H, d, J 8.8), 6.99 (2H, d, J 8.3), 7.25 (1H, dd, J 2.4, 8.8), 7.38 (2H, d, J 8.3), 8.06 (1H, d, J 2.4), 8.26 (1H, brt).

<Example 17>

(2S)-2-{r4-Methoxy-3-(N-4[4-(3,4,5-tri fluorop no phenyl ]m t y3ica_rbamoyl)phenyl ]methyl ibutyri acid F
F ~ N ~ CO2H
H
F O (i Me0 To a solution of compound (465mg, 0.927mmol) of Example 16 in methanol (9mL) were added lmol/L aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide ( 2. 04mL ) and water ( 3mL ), and the mixture was stirred for 4 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was allowed to stand statically for 2 days and then stirred for 18 hours at 50 C.
Water was added to the reaction mixture, which was filtered. After the filtrate was cooled to 0 C, it was brought to pH 4 with 3mol/L
hydrochloric acid. The precipitated powder was collected by filtration, dried and submitted to silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate = 10:1-2:1) to afford 289mg of crude powder.
This was purified by recrystallization (acetonitrile) to afford 183mg of white powdery title compound. Yield 40%.

Mp: 133-135 C.

IH-NNIl2 (400MHz, CDC13, S): 0.97 (3H, t, J 7.8), 1.56-1.71 (2H, m), 2.60-2.67 (1H, m), 2.80 (1H, dd, J 6.3, 13.7), 2.95 (1H,dd, J
8.3, 13.7), 3.92 (3H, s), 4.67 (2H, d, J 5.9), 6.57-6.61 (2H, m), 6.90 (1H, d, J 8.3), 6.99 (2H, d, J 8.8), 7.29 (1H, dd, J 2.4, 8.3), 7.38 (2H, d, J 8.8), 8.08 (1H, d, J 2.4), 8.27 (1H, brt).
HRMS: found 487.1574 (-3.3mmu).

Anal: Calcd for C26H24F3NO5 C 64.06, H 4.96, N 2.87; found C 64 . 74, H 4.85, N 2.93.

[aln26.e: +28.50.
<Examples 18 through 23>

Using the compounds of Referential examples 9 through 14, through similar process to Example 1, compounds list in following Table 3 were obtained.

(Table 3) R2 ( I~ H N O
R3 O Me0 Examp l e R 1 R2 R3 Examp t e R 1 R2 R3 18 3-Cl 5-Cl H 21 3-Cl 4-Br H
19 3-Cl 4-Cl H 22 3-CF3 4-Cl H
20 3-F 4-Cl H 23 3-CF3 5-F H
<<Compound of Example 18>>

[3(2S),4R]-4-Benzyl-3-(2-13-[3-(N-~[4-(3,5-dichlor~phenoxy)~heny1 ]methylicarbcZmoy'l )-4-mPthoxyphenyl ]metbyll1 butanoy,loxazol i dinone-2 -one 1H-NNR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 0.93 (3H, t, J 7.2), 1.54-1.57 (1H, m), 1.76-1.78 (1H, m), 2.57 (1H, dd, J 8.8, 13.6), 2.80 (1H,dd, J
6.8, 13.6), 3.05-3.15 (2H, m), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.03-4.18 (3H,m), 4.64-4.68 (3H, m), 6.84-6.85 (2H, m), 6.91-6.96 (3H, m), 7.06-7.08 (3H, m), 7.22-7.28 (3H, m), 7.32-7.34 (2H, m), 7.42-7.45 (1H, m), 8.11-8.12 (1H, m), 8.18 (1H, brs).

<<Compound of Example 19>>
[3(2S),4R]-4-Benzyl-3-(2-13-[3-(,N-1[4-(3,4-dichloropheno ti=henyl]met yllcarbamoyl)-4-methoxvpheny]]met y]i)butanoyloxazolidinone-2-one 1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, b): 0.92 (3H, t, J 7.4), 1.53-1.60 (1H, m), 1.74-1.79 (1H, m), 2.57 (1H, dd, J 9.2, 13.6), 2.80 (1H,dd, J
6.8, 13.6), 3.05-3.15 (2H, m), 3.90 (3H, s), 4.03-4.18 (3H,m), 4. 63-4 . 70 (3H, m), 6. 82-6. 85 (1H, m), 6. 91-6 . 96 (3H, m), 7. 06-7 . 08 (3H, m), 7.20-7.29 (3H, m), 7.30-7.38 (3H, m), 7.42-7.44 (1H, m), 8.10-8.11 (1H, m), 8.17 (1H, brs).

<<Compound of Example 20>>
[3(2S),4R]-4-Benzyl-3-(2-f3-[3-(N-lG4-(4-chloro-3-fluoronhenox),phenyl]metyllcarbamoyl)-4-methoxvphenvl]met ~l.)butanoyloxazolidinone-2-one 1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 0.92 (3H, t, J 7.2), 1.52-1.60 (1H, m), 1.74-1.79 (1H, m), 2.58 (1H, dd, J 9.6, 13.6), 2.80 (1H,dd, J

6.8, 13.6), 3.05-3.15 (2H, m), 3.90 (3H, s), 4.03-4.18 (3H,m), 4.63-4.70 (3H, m), 6.71-6.78 (2H, m), 6.91-6.96 (3H, m), 7.06-7.08 (2H, m), 7.22-7.33 (6H, m), 7.42-7.44 (1H, m), 8.10-8.11 (1H, m), 8.17 (1H, brs).

<<Compound of Example 21>>

j3(2S) 4A1-4-BenzyI-3-(2-~3-[3-(N-J[4-(4-bromo-3-chlnrnphPnoxV)phej1y1 ]methylica_rbam__oy7 )-4-metboxyl2heny}]methyl } )b u anoyloxa .ol idinone-2-one 1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 0.92 (3H, t, J 7.2), 1.53-1.60 (1H, m), 1.74-1.79 (1H, m), 2.57(1H, dd, J 8.8, 13.6), 2.80 (1H,dd, J
6.8, 13.6), 3.05-3.15 (2H,m), 3.90 (3H, s), 4.03-4.18 (3H,m), 4.63-4.70 (3H, m), 6.75-6.78 (1H, m), 6.91-6.95 (3H, m), 7.06-7.08 (3H, m), 7.20-7.33 (5H, m), 7.42-7.44 (1H, m), 7.51-7.53 (1H, m), 8.10-8.11 (1H, m), 8.17 (1H, brs).

<<Compound of Example 22>>

[ J(TG...r), 4Aj-4-Benzyl-3- ( 2-{,3- j 3- ( N-j[ 4- ( 4-chloro-3-t~r;flLoromethy,lph no nenyl]methylicarbamoyl)-4-methoxwhenvl]
mPt yll) bu anoyl o azol idi none-2-one 1H-NMR (400NHz, CDC13, S): 0.92 (3H, t, J 7.2), 1.52-1.60 (1H, m), 1.74-1.81 (1H, m), 2.58 (1H, dd, J 9.2, 13.6), 2.80 (1H,dd, J
6.8, 13.6), 3.05-3.15 (2H, m), 3.90 (3H, s), 4.03-4.18 (3H,m), 4.64-4.70 (3H, m), 6.91-6.96 (3H, m), 7.04-7.08 (3H, m), 7.20-7.28 (3H, m), 7 .30-7 .34 (3H, m), 7 .41-7 . 44 (2H, m), 8 .10-8 .11 (1H, m) , 8.18 (1H, brs).

<<Compound of Example 23>>

f 3(S ), 4RI-4-Benzyl-3-(2-13- [ 3- (N-j( 4_( 3-fluoro-5-tr i f 7 uo_romethyl phenoxy) n= henyl ] met y],ica_rbamoyl.)-4 -metho=henyl I
met yllibT utanoyloxazolidinone-2-one 1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, b): 0.92 (3H, t, J 7.2), 1.52-1.56 (1H, m), 1.74-1.81 (1H, m), 2.58 (1H, dd, J 9.6, 13.6), 2.80 (1H,dd, J
6.8, 13.6), 3.06-3.15 (2H, m), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.03-4.18 (3H,m), 4.65-4.70 (3H, m), 6.80-6.83 (1H, m), 6.91-7.08 (7H, m), 7.20-7.28 (3H, m), 7.34-7.36 (2H, m), 7.42-7.45 (1H, m), 8.11 (1H, m), 8.19 (1H, brs).

<Examples 24 through 29>

Using the compounds of Examples 18 through 23, through similar process to Example 16, compounds list in following Table 4 were obtained.

(Table 4) COzMe R2 I H R3 Me0 Examp l e R 1 R2 R3 Examp l e R 1 R2 R3 24 3-Cl 5-Cl H 27 3-Cl 4-Br H
25 3-Cl 4-Cl H 28 3-CF3 4-Cl H
26 3-F 4-Cl H 29 3-CF3 5-F H
<<Compound of Example 24>>

Methyl (2S)-2-jj4-methoxv-3-(N-{(4-(3,5-d; chio_roph no Dz henyl ]methyl icarbamoyl 1_ nhenyl ]methyl ibutyrate 1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 0.91 (3H, t, J 7.4), 1.52-1.69 (2H, m), 2.59-2.64 (1H, m), 2.75 (1H, dd, J 6.4, 14.0), 2.93 (1H,dd, J
8.8, 14 . 0), 3.62 (3H, s), 3.92 (3H, s), 4.68 (2H, d, J 6. 0), 6. 85-6 . 86 (2H, m), 6.88-6.90 (1H, m), 7.00-7.02 (2H, m), 7.06-7.07 (1H, m), 7. 23-7 . 25 (1H, m), 7. 37-7 . 40 (2H, m), 8.06 (1H, m), 8.26 (1H, brs).
<<Compound of Example 25>>

Methyl (2S)-2-{f4-methoxv-3-(N-l(4-(3,4-dichlo_roph no ns henyl )methsv, llca_rbamoyl),phenyl im ,yllbutyra 1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, 8): 0.91 (3H, t, J 7.2), 1.52-1.69 (2H, m), 2.58-2.63 (1H, m), 2.75 (1H, dd, J 6.8, 13.6), 2.93 (1H,dd, J
8.8, 13 . 6), 3.62 (3H, s), 3.92 (3H, s), 4.67 (2H, d, J 5. 6), 6. 83-6 . 90 (2H, m), 6. 97-7 . 01 (2H, m) , 7.07 (1H, m) , 7.23-7.26 (1H, m) , 7. 35-7 .

(3H, m), 8.05-8.06 (1H, m), 8.25 (1H, brs).

Compound of Example 26>>

Methyl (2S)-2-l[4-methoxy-3-(N-jj4-(4-chloro-3-fl uorophenoxy)phenyl ]methyl ica_rbam__oyl )phenyl imethyl lbLtyrd 1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 0.91 (3H, t, J 7.6), 1.52-1.67 (2H, m), 2.58-2.63 (1H, m), 2.75 (1H, dd, J 6.8, 14.0), 2.93 (1H,dd, J
8.4, 14 . 0), 3.62 (3H, s), 3.92 (3H, s), 4.67 (2H, d, J 5. 6), 6. 71-6 . 79 (2H, m), 6.88-6.90 (1H, m), 6.98-7.02 (2H, m), 7.23-7.33 (2H, m), 7.35-7.38 (2H, m), 8.05-8.06 (1H, m), 8.25 (1H, brs).

Compound of Example 27>>

Methyl (2S)-2-{[4-methoxv-3-(N-ij4-(4-bromo-3-chlo_roph.no )phenyl)methylica_rbam__oyl)phenyl)methyllbit ra 1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 0.91 (3H, t, J 7.2), 1.49-1.70 (2H, m), 2.57-2.64 (1H, m), 2.75 (1H, dd, J 6.4, 13.6), 2.93 (1H,dd, J
8.8, 13 . 6), 3.62 (3H, s), 3.92 (3H, s), 4.67 (2H, d, 16.4) , 6. 76-6 . 79 (1H, m), 6.88-6.90 (1H, m), 6.97-7.01 (2H, m), 7.07-7.08 (1H, m), 7.23-7.36 (1H, m), 7.36-7.38 (2H, m), 7.51-7.53 (1H, m), 8.05-8.06 (1H, m), 8.25 (1H, brs).

Compound of Example 28>>
MÃthyL(2S-)-2-~[4-methoxv-3-(N-i[4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylph-enoxv-)phenyl]methylica_rba_m__oyl)phenyl]methylibtt yrate 1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 0.91 (3H, t, J 7.6), 1.52-1.69 (2H, m), 2.59-2.64 (1H, m), 2.75 (1H, dd, J 6.4, 13.6), 2.93 (1H,dd, J
8.8, 13 . 6), 3.62 (3H, s), 3.92 (3H, s), 4.67 (2H, d, J 5. 6), 6. 88-6 . 90 (1H, m), 6.98-7.00 (2H, m), 7.05-7.08 (1H, m), 7.23-7.32 (2H, m), 7.37-7.43 (3H, m), 8.05-8.06 (1H, m), 8.26 (1H, brs).

<<Compound of Example 29>>

Methyl (2S)-2-1j4-methoxv-3- -(lf4-(3-fluoro-5-trifluo_romethylphenoxy)gheny1 ~t y1 lcarbamoyl )phenyl ]methyl ibut yrate 1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, b): 0.91 (3H, t, J 7.2), 1.49-1.69 (2H, m), 2.59-2.64 (1H, m), 2.76 (1H, dd, J 6.4, 14.0), 2.93 (1H,dd, J
8.4, 14 . 0), 3.63 (3H, s), 3.92 (3H, s), 4.69 (2H, d, J 5. 6), 6. 81-6 . 85 (1H, m), 6.88-6.90 (1H, m), 7.00-7.05 (4H, m), 7.22-7.24 (1H, m), 7.40-7.42 (2H, m), 8.06-8.07 (1H, m), 8.27 (1H, brs).

<Examples 30 through 35>

Using the compounds of Examples 24 through 29, through similar process to Example 17, compounds list in following Table 5 were obtained.

(Table 5) R1 0 ~ C02H
R2 I I~
R3 O Me0 Example R1 R2 R3 Example R1 R2 R3 30 3-Cl 5-Cl H 33 3-Cl 4-Br H
31 3-Cl 4-Cl H 34 3-CF3 4-Cl H
32 3-F 4-Cl H 35 3-CF3 5-F H
<<Compound of Example 30>>

(2,s)-2-j( 4 -Methoxv-3 - ( N-j[ 4 - ( 3 , 5 -ciichlnroph no tiz henyl]methyllcarbamoyl)phenyl]met .yllbutyrlc acid Mp: 145-148 C.

1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, 8): 0.97 (3H, t, J 7.6), 1.56-1.71 (2H, m), 2.60-2.67 (1H, m), 2.79 (1H, dd, J 6.4, 13.8), 2.95 (1H,dd, J
8.8, 13.8), 3.92 (3H, s), 4.67 (2H, d, J 6.0), 6.85-6.86 (2H, m), 6.89-6.91 (1H, m), 7.00-7.02 (2H, m), 7.06-7.07 (1H, m), 7.26-7.30 (1H, m), 7.37-7.39 (2H, m), 8.08-8.09 (1H, m), 8.27 (1H, brs).

HRMS: found 501.1104 (-0.5mmu).

Anal: Calcd for C26H25C12N05 C 62.16, H 5.02, N 2.79; found C
62.30, H 5.08, N 2.75.

Laln25: +18.0 .

<<Compound of Example 31>>

j2S1-2-~[4-Methoxv-3-(N-l[4-(3.4-dichl_o_rophenoxy)phenyl]methyllca_rbamoyl)phenyllmethylibutyri acid Mp: 139-141 C.

IH-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 0.96 (3H, t, J 7.6), 1.55-1.75 (2H, m), 2.59-2.67 (1H, m), 2.79 (1H, dd, J 6.0, 13.6), 2.95 (1H,dd, J
8.8, 13.6), 3.92 (3H, s), 4.66 (2H, d, J 6.0), 6.83-6.86 (1H, m), 6. 89-6 .91 (1H, m), 6. 97-7 . 00 (2H, m), 7. 06-7 . 07 (1H, m), 7. 26-7 . 30 (1H, m), 7.35-7.37 (3H, m), 8.08 (1H, m), 8.26 (1H,brs).

HRMS: found 501.1080 (-3.Ommu).

Anal: Calcd for C26H25C12NO5 C 62.16, H 5.02, N 2.79; found C
62.26, H 5.07, N 2.81.

[a]DZ5: +21.4 .
<<Compound of Example 32>>

(2S.)-2-~ [4-Methoxv-3-(N-~ f 4-(4-chloro-3-fluoroph -no pheny,l lm ylicarbam__oy1 )phenyl im yllbutyric acid Mp: 117-118 C.

1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 0.96 (3H, t, J 7.6), 1.59-1.70 (2H, m), 2.61-2.64 (1H, m), 2.79 (1H, dd, J 6.8, 13.6), 2.95 (1H,dd, J
8.8, 13.6), 3.92 (3H, s), 4.66 (2H, d, J 6.0), 6.72-6.79 (2H, m), 6.89-6.91 (1H, m), 6.99-7.01 (2H, m), 7.26-7.37 (4H, m), 8.07-8.08 (1H, m), 8.26 (1H, brs).

HRMS: found 485.1391 (-1.5mmu).

Anal: Calcd for C26H25C1FN05 C 64.26, H 5.19, N 2.88; found C
64.13, H 5.24, N 2.93.

[a]DZ5: +24.1 .
<<Compound of Example 33>>
(2S)-2-1[4-Methoxy-3-(.N-1[4-(4-bromo-3-ch1_o_rophenox=-)phE?nyl ]methylica_rbam__oyl )phenyl ]methylibutyric acid Mp: 140-142 C.

1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 0.96 (3H, t, J 7.6), 1.56-1.72 (2H, m), 2.60-2.67 (1H, m), 2.79 (1H, dd, J 6.4, 13.6), 2.95 (1H,dd, J
8.8, 13.6), 3.92 (3H, s), 4.66 (2H, d, J 5.6), 6.76-6.79 (1H, m), 6.89-6.91 (1H, m), 6.98-7.01 (2H, m), 7.07-7.08 (1H, m), 7.27-7.30 (1H, m), 7.35-7.37 (2H, m), 7.51-7.53 (1H, m), 8.07-8.08 (1H, m), 8.26 (1H, brs).

HRMS: found 545.0588 (-1.7mmu).

Anal: Calcd for C26H25BrC1NO5 C 57.11, H 4.61, N 2.56; found C
57.20, H 4.65, N 2.57.

[a]D25: +21.4 .
<<Compound of Example 34>>

(?S) -2-l[ 4-Methoxv-3- ( N-1[ 4- ( 4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenox=-)phenyl]methyllcarbamoyl)phenyl]methylibut yric acid Mp: 141-142 C.

1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 0.97 (3H, t, J 7.2), 1.56-1.72 (2H, m), 2.60-2.67 (1H, m), 2.79 (1H, dd, J 6.4, 13.6), 2.95 (1H,dd, J

8.8, 13.6), 3.92 (3H, s), 4.67 (2H, d, J 6.4), 6.89-6.91 (1H, m), 6.98-7.00 (2H, m), 7.05-7.08 (1H, m), 7.25-7.31 (2H, m), 7.37-7.43 (3H, m), 8.08 (1H, m), 8.27 (1H, brs).

HRMS: found 535.1388 (-1.5mmu).

Anal: Calcd for C27H25C1F3N05 C 60.57, H 4.70, N 2.61; found C
60.44, H 4.71, N 2.67.

Ia]D25: +25.90.
<<Compound of Example 35>>
(2S)-2-lj4-Methoxv-3-(N-j[4-(3-fluoro-5-trif luoromethy]phenoxv ) phenvl et yllcarbamoyl )phenyl ]met yl ibut yric acid Mp: 125-128 C.

1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 0.97 (3H, t, J 7.6), 1.56-1.72 (2H, m), 2.60-2.67 (1H, m), 2.79 (1H, dd, J 6.8, 14.0), 2.95 (1H,dd, J
8.4, 14.0), 3.92 (3H, s), 4.68 (2H, d, J 5.2), 6.81-6.85 (1H, m), 6.89-6.91 (1H, m), 7.00-7.04 (4H, m), 7.27-7.30 (1H, m), 7.39-7.41 (2H, m), 8.08-8.09 (1H, m), 8.28 (1H, brs).

HRMS: found 519.1694 (-2.5mmu).

Anal: Ca1cd for C27H25F4N05 C 62.43, H 4.85, N 2.70; found C62.34, H 4.88, N 2.77.

[al15 : +22.6 .
<Referential example 1>

N-(4-(3,4-Difluoropheno nhenylmet l]nhthalimide O
F~I N
F ~ ~ O
1) Process 1 4-(3,4-Difluorophe noxv)benzyl alcohol F ~ ~ OH
~ ~ ( ~
F

To a solution of 4-fluorobenzaldehyde (2.50g, 20.lmmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (13mL) were added potassium carbonate (3.33g, 24.lmmol) and 3,4-difluorophenol (2.61g, 20.1mmo1) in turn, and the mixture was stirred for 2.5 hours at 135 C. Water was added to the reaction mixture, which was extracted with ethyl acetate. Then the ethyl acetate layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then concentrated under reduced pressure.
To the residue were added ethanol (50mL) and sodium borohydride (760mg, 20.lmmol) in turn, and the mixture was stirred for 4 hours at room temperature. Water was added to the reaction mixture, which was brought to pH 4 with 3mol/L hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate layer was washed with saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate = 20 :1-3 :1) to afford 4.40g of pale yellow liquid title compound.
Yield 93%.

1H-NMR (400NHz, CDC13, S): 4.69 (2H, d, J 5.9), 6.72-6.74 (1H, m), 6.80-6.85 (1H, m), 7.00 (2H, d, J 8.8), 7.11 (1H, q, J 9.3), 7.37 (2H, d, J 8.8).

2) Process 2 N-[4-(3,4-Difluorophenoxy,)phenylmet yl]phthalimide F ~ Jc N
~I ~ib F O p To a solution of compound (4.40g, 18 . 6mmo1) obtained in Process 1 in dichloromethane (lOmL) was added thionyl chloride (2.65g, 22 . 3mmo1) , and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours at room temperature.
The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and N,N-dimethylformamide (15mL) and potassium phthalimide (3.61g, 19 . 5mmo1) were added to the residue in turn, which was stirred for 2 hours at 80 C. Water was added to the reaction mixture, the precipitated powder was collected by filtration, which was washed with water and then dried to afford 6.52g of white powdery title compound. Yield 96%.

1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, b): 4.83 (2H, s), 6.67-6.71 (1H, m), 6.77-6.82 (1H, m), 6.93 (2H, d, J 8.3), 7.09 (1H, q, J 9.3), 7.44 (2H, d, J 8.3), 7.70-7.74 (2H, m), 7.84-7.88 (2H, m).

<Referential examples 2 through 8>

Through similar process to Referential example 1, compounds listed in following Table 6 were obtained.

(Table 6) R2 3a N

Ref. examp l e R 1 R2 R3 Ref. examp l e R 1 R2 R3 <<Compound of Referential example 2>>
N-j4-(3,5-Difluorophenoxv)phenvlmet yliphthalimide 1H-NNgt ( 400MHz, CDC13, 8): 4.85 (2H, s), 6. 43-6 . 53 (3H, m), 7.00 (2H, d, J 8.8), 7.47 (2H, d, J 8.8), 7.73 (2H, m), 7.87 (2H,m).
<<Compound of Referential example 3>>
N-[4-(2,3-Difluorophenox=)phenylmet yl]phthalimide 1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 4.82 (2H, s), 6.73-6.78 (1H, m), 6. 91-7 . 02 (4H, m) , 7.43 (2H, d, J 8.8), 7. 69-7 . 74 (2H, m) , 7. 83-7 .

(2H, m).

<<Compound of Referential example 4>>

rõ1-[ 4- (.2 4-Dif luorophenoxy) phenylmet yl] ptlthal i m,_de 1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, 6): 4.81 (2H, m), 6.80-6.88 (2H, m), 6. 90-6 . 96 ( 1H, m) , 7.00-7 . 05 (1H, m) , 7.40 (2H, d, J 8. 8), 7.70-7.73 (2H, m), 7.82-7.86 (2H, m).

<<Compound of Referential example 5>>

N- r4 -(2 5-D if luoronhenox)oz henylmet yl ] phtha l_ i m__ i de 1H-NMR (400NII3z, CDC13, S): 4.83 (2H, s), 6.68-6.72 (1H, m), 6. 74-6 . 80 (1H, m) , 6.95 (2H, d, J 8.8), 7.08-7.14 (1H, m), 7.44 (2H, d, J 8.8), 7.71-7.73 (2H, m), 7.84-7.87 (2H, m).

<<Compound of Referential example 6>>
N-(4-(2,6-Difluorophenoxs)phenvlmet y1]phthal_imide 1H-NMR (400Nffiz, CDC13, b): 4.80 (2H, s), 6.87 (2H, d, J
8.8),6.95-7.02 (2H, m), 7.10-7.18 (2H, m), 7.40 (2H, d, J 8.8), 7.68-7.72 (2H, m), 7.82-7.86 (2H, m).

<<Compound of Referential example 7>>
N-[4-(3,4,5-Trifluorophenoxv)phenylmet yl]phthalim__ide 1H-NMR ( 400Miz, CDC13, S): 4.84 (2H, s), 6. 55-6 . 59 (2H, m), 6.96 (2H, d, J 8.8), 7.47 (2H, d, J 8.8), 7.72-7.74 (2H, m), 7.85-7.88 (2H, m).

<<Compound of Referential example 8>>

N-~4-(3 5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]p$~ylmet1]yliphthal_im__ide ~ I ( ~ N

C ~ 0 ~ p ~ ~

1H-NMR ( 400MHz, CDC13, b) : 4.86 (2H, s), 7.00 (2H, d, J 8. 8), 7. 37 (2H, s), 7.51 (2H, d, J 8.8), 7.56 (1H, s), 7.72-7.74 (2H, m), 7.86-7.88 (2H, m).

<Referential examples 9 through 14>

Through similar process to Referential example 1, compounds listed in following Table 7 were obtained.

(Table 7) R2 I () N ~~

Ref.example R1 R2 R3 Ref.example R1 R2 R3 9 3-Cl 5-Cl H 12 3-Cl 4-Br H
3-Cl 4-Cl H 13 3-CF3 4-Cl H
11 3-F 4-Cl H 14 3-CF3 5-F H
<<Compound of Referential example 9>>

N-[4-(3,5-Dichlorophenoxy)phenylmet yl]phthalimide 1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 4.84 (2H, s), 6.83-6.84 (2H, m), 6.96-6.98 (2H, m), 7.05-7.06 (1H, m), 7.45-7.48 (2H, m), 7.71-7.73 (2H, m), 7.85-7.88 (2H, m).

<<Compound of Referential example 10>>
N-[4-(3,4-Dichlorophenoxv)pphenylmet yl]phthalimide 1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 4.83 (2H, s), 6.81-6.84 (1H, m), 6.94-6.96 (2H, m), 7.05-7.06 (1H, m), 7.33-7.36 (1H, m), 7.44-7.46 (2H, m), 7.71-7.85 (2H, m), 7.86-7.87 (2H, m).

<<Compound of Referential example 11>>

N-j4 -(4-Chloro-3-fluoropheno . )phen= met 1]phthalimide 1H-NMR (400Nffiz, CDC13, b): 4.84 (2H, s), 6.69-6.77 (2H, m), 6.95-6.97 (2H, m), 7.27-7.31 (1H, m), 7.44-7.46 (2H, m), 7.71-7.85 (2H, m), 7.86-7.87 (2H, m).

<<Compound of Referential example 12>>
N-G4-(4-Bromo-3-chlorophenox=)phenylmet yl]phthalimide 1H-NMR (400Ngiz, CDC13, S): 4.84 (2H, s), 6.74-6.77 (2H, m), 6.94-6.96 (2H, m), 7.06 (1H, m), 7.44-7.46 (2H, m), 7.49-7.52 (1H, m), 7.71-7.73 (2H, m), 7.85-7.87 (2H, m).

<<Compound of Referential example 13>>
N-[4- (,4-Chloro-3-tri_fluo_rometh.ylphenox=-)phenylm.t y1]phthal_imide 1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, fi): 4.84 (2H, s), 6.94-6.96 (2H, m), 7. 02-7 . 05 (1H, m), 7. 30-7 .31 (1H, m) , 7. 39-7 .41 (1H, m), 7.45-7.47 (2H, m), 7.72-7.74 (2H, m), 7.85-7.87 (2H, m).

<<Compound of Referential example 14>>
N-[4-(3-Fluoro-5-trifl_uoromethylphenoxy)12z henylm yliphthalimide 1H-NMR (400MHz, CDC13, S): 4.85 (2H, s), 6.78-6.82 (1H, m), 6.98-7.03 (4H, m), 7.48-7.50 (2H, m), 7.72-7.75 (2H, m), 7.86-7.88 (2H, m).

<Test example 1>

Test of transcriptional activation on human peroxi some proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ct The CHO cells were cultured in a Dulbecco-modif ied Eagle' s medium containing 10% delipid fetal calf serum (FCS/DMEM). To these cells were cotransfected receptor plasmid and its reporter plasmid (STRATAGENE Corp.) that express fused protein of DNA-binding domain being transcription factor of yeast with ligand-binding domain of human PPARa (Biochemistry, 1993, 32, 5598), and luciferase plasmid of Renilla (Promega Corp.) for internal standard, using lipofectamine. Thereafter, testing compound or (8S)-HETE being a control compound was added in the 10% SFCS/DMEM and both luciferase activities were measured after 24 hours, which were corrected with internal standard.

[Result]

Activity table 1 shows the EC50 values of testing compounds (representative compounds among compounds obtained in the examples aforementioned) and control compound.

<Activity table 1>

Testing compound Transcriptional activation on PPARa EC50( mol/L) Example 9 0.0016 Example 10 0.0029 Example 16 0.0023 (8S)-HETE 1.30 From the results as above, it is seen that the inventive (2S)-2-ethylphenylpropanoic acid derivatives have potent transcriptional activation on human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a.

<Test example 2>

Test of lipid-lowering effect To a 27-month old male Beagle dog (HRA Beagle; Convance Research Products Inc.) was orally administered testing compound (0.3mg/mL) in weak aqueous alkali solution sealed in a gelatin capsule once a day for continuous 14 days (0.03mg/ kg/day). For the feed during the period of administration, standard diet (Canine diet, PMI
nutrition International Inc.) was used. Blood was collected before start of administration and after administration for 14 days, and total cholesterol value in serum and triglyceride value were measured by enzymic method [Cholesterol E-Test Wako (Wako Pure Chemical Industries,Ltd.), Liquitec TGII reagent 1, 2 (Rosch) and standard serum for measurement of lipid (Rosch) were used]. The decreasing rates of total cholesterol value and triglyceride value were calculated, respectively, according to following calculation formula.

Decreasing rate (%) = (Measured value before administration -,Measured value after administration Measured value before administration x 100 [Result]
Activity table 2 shows the decreasing rates of total cholesterol value and triglyceride value in-blood of testing compound (representative compound among compounds obtained in the examples aforementioned).

<Activity table 2>
Testing compound Decreasing rate Total cholesterol Triglyceride Example 10 28 50 From the results as above, it is seen=that the inventive (2S)-2-ethylphenylpropanoic acid derivative has excellent lipid-lowering effect in vivo.

The inventive compounds are novel (2S)-2-ethylphenylpropanoic acid derivatives and their salts, and theyexhibit excellent transcriptional activation on PPARa and exhibit excellent lipid-lowering effect in vivo.

Hence, the inventive compounds are effective as lipid-lowering drugs, inhibitory drugs for the progress of the arteriosclerosis and preventive and/or therapeutic drugs for the diabetes.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A (2S)-2-Ethylphenylpropanoic acid derivative of general formula (1) wherein R1 is halogen or trifluoromethyl, R2 is hydrogen, halogen or trifluoromethyl, and, when R2 is hydrogen, R3 is halogen or trifluoromethyl, and, when R2 is halogen or trifluoromethyl, R3 is hydrogen, halogen or trifluoromethyl , or an addition salt thereof.

2. A compound according to claim 1 of general formula (1-a), or an addition salt thereof, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in claim 1.

3. A compound according to claim 1 of general formula (1-b), or an addition salt thereof, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in claim 1.

4. A compound according to claim 1 of general formula (1-c), or an addition salt thereof, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different and represent halogen or trifluoromethyl, or an addition salt thereof.

5. A compound according to claim 1 of general formula (1-d) wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and represent halogen or trifluoromethyl, or an addition salt thereof.

6. A compound according to claim 1 of general formula (1-e) wherein R1 and R3 are the same or different and represent halogen or trifluoromethyl, or an addition salt thereof.

7. The compound (2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3,5-bistrifluoromethylphenoxy)phenyl]
methyl}carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}butyric acid.

8. The compound (2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3-bromo-5-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]
methyl}carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}butyric acid.

9. The compound (2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3-bromo-5-fluorophenoxy)phenyl]methyl}
carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}butyric acid.

10. The compound (2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3-bromo-5-trifluoromethylphenoxy)phenyl]
methyl}carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}butyric acid.

11. The compound (2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3-chloro-5-fluorophenoxy)phenyl]methyl}
carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}butyric acid.

12. The compound (2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylphenoxy)phenyl]
methyl}carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}butyric acid.

13. The compound (2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylphenoxy)phenyl]
methyl}carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}butyric acid.

14. The compound (2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3,5-dibromophenoxy)phenyl]
methyl}carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}butyric acid.

15. The compound (2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3,5-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl]methyl}
carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl] methyl}butyric acid.

16. The compound (2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3,5-difluorophenoxy)phenyl]methyl}
carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}butyric acid.

17. The compound (2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)phenyl]methyl}
carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenol]methyl}butyric acid.

18. The compound (2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3,4,5-trifluorophenoxy)phenyl]methyl}
carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}butyric acid.

19. The compound (2S)-2-{[3-(N-{[4-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)phenyl]methyl}
carbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl}butyric acid.

20. The compound methyl(2S)-2-{[4-methoxy-3-(N-{4-(3,4,5-triflulorophenoxy) phenyl]methyl}carbamoyl)phenyl}methyl}butyrate.

21. A PPAR.alpha. agonist composition comprising a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

22. A PPAR.alpha. and PPAR.gamma. dual agonist composition comprising a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

23. A PPAR.alpha. and PPAR.delta. dual agonist composition comprising a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

24. A PPAR.alpha., PPAR.gamma. and PPAR.delta. triple agonist composition comprising a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

25. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

26. A composition according to claim 25 which is a lipid-lowering composition.

27. A composition according to claim 25 for the prevention or treatment of arteriosclerosis.

28. A composition according to claim 25 for the prevention or treatment of diabetes.

29. A composition according to claim 25 for the prevention or treatment of obesity.

30. A composition according to claim 25 for the prevention or treatment of syndrome X.

31. A use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 as a PPAR.alpha. agonist.

32. A use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 as a PPAR.alpha. and PPAR.gamma. dual agonist.

33. A use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 as a PPAR.alpha. and PPAR.delta. dual agonist.

34. A use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 as a PPAR.alpha, PPAR.gamma.
and PPAR.delta. triple agonist.

35. A use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 as a lipid-lowering compound.

36. A use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 for the prevention or treatment of arteriosclerosis.

37. A use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 for the prevention or treatment of diabetes.

38. A use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 for the prevention or treatment of obesity.

39. A use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 for the prevention or treatment of syndrome X.

40. A use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 in the manufacture of a medicament for use as a PPAR.alpha. agonist.

41. A use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 in the manufacture of a medicament for use as a PPAR.alpha. and PPAR.gamma. dual agonist.

42. A use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 in the manufacture of a medicament for use as a PPAR.alpha. and PPAR.delta. dual agonist.

43. A use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 in the manufacture of a medicament for use as a PPAR.alpha., PPAR.gamma. and PPAR.delta. triple agonist.

44. A use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 in the manufacture of a medicament for use as a lipid-lowering compound.

45. A use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 in the manufacture of a medicament in the prevention or treatment of arteriosclerosis.

46. A use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 in the manufacture of a medicament in the prevention or treatment of diabetes.

47. A use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 in the manufacture of a medicament in the prevention or treatment of obesity.

48. A use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 20 in the manufacture of a medicament in the prevention or treatment of syndrome X.

49. A commercial package comprising a compound according to any one of claims to 20 together with instructions for the use thereof as a PPAR.alpha. agonist.

50. A commercial package comprising a compound according to any one of claims to 20 together with instructions for the use thereof as a PPAR.alpha. and PPAR.gamma. dual agonist.

51. A commercial package comprising a compound according to any one of claims to 20 together with instructions for the use thereof as a PPAR.alpha. and PPAR.delta. dual agonist.

52. A commercial package comprising a compound according to any one of claims to 20 together with instructions for the use thereof as a PPAR.alpha., PPAR.gamma. and PPAR.delta. triple agonist.

53. A commercial package comprising a compound according to any one of claims to 20 together with instructions for the use thereof as a lipid-lowering compound.

54. A commercial package comprising a compound according to any one of claims to 20 together with instructions for the use thereof in the prevention or treatment of arteriosclerosis.

55. A commercial package comprising a compound according to any one of claims to 20 together with instructions for the use thereof in the prevention or treatment of diabetes.

56. A commercial package comprising a compound according to any one of claims to 20 together with instructions for the use thereof in the prevention or treatment of obesity.

57. A commercial package comprising a compound according to any one of claims to 20 together with instructions for the use thereof in the prevention or treatment of syndrome X.