CA2486794A1 - Pharmaceutical composition for controlled drug delivery system - Google Patents
Pharmaceutical composition for controlled drug delivery system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2486794A1 CA2486794A1 CA002486794A CA2486794A CA2486794A1 CA 2486794 A1 CA2486794 A1 CA 2486794A1 CA 002486794 A CA002486794 A CA 002486794A CA 2486794 A CA2486794 A CA 2486794A CA 2486794 A1 CA2486794 A1 CA 2486794A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- agents
- pharmaceutical composition
- oral administration
- solid pharmaceutical
- administration according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 title claims description 57
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000000599 controlled substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012729 immediate-release (IR) formulation Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 42
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- MYSWGUAQZAJSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ciprofloxacin Chemical compound C12=CC(N3CCNCC3)=C(F)C=C2C(=O)C(C(=O)O)=CN1C1CC1 MYSWGUAQZAJSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- -1 methylcellulase Polymers 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 229920003091 Methocel™ Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 229960001699 ofloxacin Drugs 0.000 claims description 21
- GSDSWSVVBLHKDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid Chemical compound FC1=CC(C(C(C(O)=O)=C2)=O)=C3N2C(C)COC3=C1N1CCN(C)CC1 GSDSWSVVBLHKDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920003109 sodium starch glycolate Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008109 sodium starch glycolate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229940079832 sodium starch glycolate Drugs 0.000 claims description 20
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229960003405 ciprofloxacin Drugs 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
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- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940032147 starch Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical group [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- GSDSWSVVBLHKDQ-JTQLQIEISA-N Levofloxacin Chemical compound C([C@@H](N1C2=C(C(C(C(O)=O)=C1)=O)C=C1F)C)OC2=C1N1CCN(C)CC1 GSDSWSVVBLHKDQ-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960003376 levofloxacin Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001961 anticonvulsive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960003965 antiepileptics Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 claims description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003149 Eudragit® E 100 Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001773 anti-convulsant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002934 diuretic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940030606 diuretics Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940069428 antacid Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003159 antacid agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- YDVNLQGCLLPHAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloromethane;hydrate Chemical compound O.ClCCl YDVNLQGCLLPHAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- QKDHBVNJCZBTMR-LLVKDONJSA-N (R)-temafloxacin Chemical compound C1CN[C@H](C)CN1C(C(=C1)F)=CC2=C1C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN2C1=CC=C(F)C=C1F QKDHBVNJCZBTMR-LLVKDONJSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XUBOMFCQGDBHNK-JTQLQIEISA-N (S)-gatifloxacin Chemical compound FC1=CC(C(C(C(O)=O)=CN2C3CC3)=O)=C2C(OC)=C1N1CCN[C@@H](C)C1 XUBOMFCQGDBHNK-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- AIJTTZAVMXIJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Grepafloxacin Chemical compound C1CNC(C)CN1C(C(=C1C)F)=CC2=C1C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN2C1CC1 AIJTTZAVMXIJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001458 anti-acid effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940105329 carboxymethylcellulose Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960002549 enoxacin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- IDYZIJYBMGIQMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N enoxacin Chemical compound N1=C2N(CC)C=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=C1N1CCNCC1 IDYZIJYBMGIQMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960003306 fleroxacin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- XBJBPGROQZJDOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fleroxacin Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1C1=C(F)C=C2C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN(CCF)C2=C1F XBJBPGROQZJDOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960003923 gatifloxacin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960000642 grepafloxacin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960002422 lomefloxacin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- ZEKZLJVOYLTDKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lomefloxacin Chemical compound FC1=C2N(CC)C=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=C1N1CCNC(C)C1 ZEKZLJVOYLTDKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960003702 moxifloxacin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- FABPRXSRWADJSP-MEDUHNTESA-N moxifloxacin Chemical compound COC1=C(N2C[C@H]3NCCC[C@H]3C2)C(F)=CC(C(C(C(O)=O)=C2)=O)=C1N2C1CC1 FABPRXSRWADJSP-MEDUHNTESA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960001180 norfloxacin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- OGJPXUAPXNRGGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N norfloxacin Chemical compound C1=C2N(CC)C=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=C1N1CCNCC1 OGJPXUAPXNRGGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004236 pefloxacin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- FHFYDNQZQSQIAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pefloxacin Chemical compound C1=C2N(CC)C=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=C1N1CCN(C)CC1 FHFYDNQZQSQIAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- DZZWHBIBMUVIIW-DTORHVGOSA-N sparfloxacin Chemical compound C1[C@@H](C)N[C@@H](C)CN1C1=C(F)C(N)=C2C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN(C3CC3)C2=C1F DZZWHBIBMUVIIW-DTORHVGOSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004954 sparfloxacin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004576 temafloxacin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005541 ACE inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006491 Acacia senegal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000007848 Alcoholism Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940127291 Calcium channel antagonist Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010011224 Cough Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019739 Dicalciumphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000010228 Erectile Dysfunction Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940122236 Histamine receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007472 Leucaena leucocephala Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000254023 Locusta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 208000008589 Obesity Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
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- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000695 adrenergic alpha-agonist Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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- NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicalcium phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
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- FAKRSMQSSFJEIM-RQJHMYQMSA-N captopril Chemical compound SC[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(O)=O FAKRSMQSSFJEIM-RQJHMYQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
- A61K9/0065—Forms with gastric retention, e.g. floating on gastric juice, adhering to gastric mucosa, expanding to prevent passage through the pylorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2072—Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
- A61K9/2086—Layered tablets, e.g. bilayer tablets; Tablets of the type inert core-active coat
- A61K9/209—Layered tablets, e.g. bilayer tablets; Tablets of the type inert core-active coat containing drug in at least two layers or in the core and in at least one outer layer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
- A61K9/2806—Coating materials
- A61K9/2833—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/284—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone
- A61K9/2846—Poly(meth)acrylates
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention describes a novel controlled release multilayer composition that is capable of delivering a first active agent from one laye r immediately followed by continuous controlled delivery of second active agen t from matrix forming layer while the dosage form floats and is retained in th e fluid of the environment. The floating bilayer system comprises of immediate release layer containing one active agent and a disintegrating agent whereas second floating matrix forming layer comprises a gas generating component, a gelling agent, and a second active agent. The present invention relates more particularly to a controlled release fluoroquinolone compositions, which maintain a therapeutically effective blood concentration of fluoroquinolone for duration with once a day administration.
Description
PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION
FOR CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention This invention generally relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions for oral administration. This invention relates in particular to such compositions in the form of floating bilayer controlled release system for delivery of one or more active agents.
This invention relates more particularly to immediate delivery of a first active agent followed by continuous controlled delivery of a second agent, which may be same or different from the first active agent, while the system or dosage form floats in the fluid of the environment (e.g., the stomach), thereby being retained in the environment of use for an extended period of time.
FOR CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention This invention generally relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions for oral administration. This invention relates in particular to such compositions in the form of floating bilayer controlled release system for delivery of one or more active agents.
This invention relates more particularly to immediate delivery of a first active agent followed by continuous controlled delivery of a second agent, which may be same or different from the first active agent, while the system or dosage form floats in the fluid of the environment (e.g., the stomach), thereby being retained in the environment of use for an extended period of time.
2. Description of the Prior Art Various proposals have been made to achieve controlled release i5 pharmaceutical compositions to slow down the release rate of a drug from preparations so that therapeutically active concentrations are maintained in the body for longer time. In recent years, there have been numerous developments in polymeric carriers and controlled release systems such as films with the drug in a polymer matrix, monolithic devices, reservoir device, microparticles, microspheres or nanoparticles in the form of reservoir and matrix devices, osmotic pumps, pH dependant coatings, soluble polymers with covalently attached 'pendant' drug molecules.
Oral route is the most preferred route of administration for various types of active agents however few active agents exhibit a "small absorption window" in gastrointestinal tract i.e. they are more effectively absorbed only from stomach, duodenum, and initial portion of small intestine. (e.g.
S methyl dopa, captopril) Hence, in case of such active agents to achieve maximum absorption, it is mandatory to retain these drugs in stomach for extended period of time.
Some active agents are intended for exerting a medical action at gastric level e.g. antibiotics like ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin in the treatment of H.
to pylori infection, antacids, proton pump inhibitors and H2 receptor antagonists. In order to achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy, it is beneficial to maintain such drugs in close proximity to gastric mucosa.
There also exists a requirement of therapeutic cases wherein administration (as acute/symptomatic treatment) of a first therapeutically is effective dose of an active agent is required whereas in following steps, slow administration of maintenance dose of the same or different drug is necessary. These types of therapeutic needs result in complicated dosage regimen that are not always correctly adhered to by the patients especially the outpatients. Non compliance with dosage regimen is z,d directly proportional to complexity and no. of daily doses.
The major concern 'with antibiotic therapy is development of resistance by microorganisms. The variation in the antibiotic drug concentrations in the body fluid after conventional drug therapy leads to development of resistance by microorganisms. Many a times this problem is further aggravated due to patient non-compliance due to missed doses.
Fluoroquinolones are one of the most widely used in the management of infectious diseases. Their potent and broad spectrum of activity, efficacy and relative safety make them useful for both community acquired and nosocomial infections. However, inappropriate prescribing and missed posology can lead to antimicrobial resistance.
The candidates representing fluoroquinolone class are ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, grepafloxacin, enoxacin, amifioxacin, fleroxacin, temafloxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin have exhibited wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity.
The present invention will be further elaborated with exemplifications with ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin those being the representative candidates of i a fluoroquinolone group but the scope of the invention is not limitative thereof.
Ciprofloxacin is 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1, 4-drhydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinoline carboxylic acid. It is a faintly yellowish to light yellow crystalline substance. Ciprofloxacin differs from other quinolones in is that it has a fluorine atom at the 6-position, a piperazine moiety at the 7-position, and a cyclopropyl ring at the 1-position. The recommended adult dosage 500-mg every 12 hours. The usual duration of treatment is 7-14 days.
An important factor affecting the absorption of orally administered drug zo through gastrointestinal tract is transit time in gastrointestinal tract.
Ciprofloxacin is absorbed only from the stomach to the jejunum. Hence to achieve maximum efficacy it would be beneficial if the drug is retained in stomach for extended period of time. This problem can be overcome by developing a system that is retained in stomach for prolonged time and zs can release active agent in a controlled manner.
Another widely used fluororquinolone candidate, ofloxacin is the racemate, (~)-9- fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10- (4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H- pyrido [1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzo-xazine -6- carboxylic acid.
Oral route is the most preferred route of administration for various types of active agents however few active agents exhibit a "small absorption window" in gastrointestinal tract i.e. they are more effectively absorbed only from stomach, duodenum, and initial portion of small intestine. (e.g.
S methyl dopa, captopril) Hence, in case of such active agents to achieve maximum absorption, it is mandatory to retain these drugs in stomach for extended period of time.
Some active agents are intended for exerting a medical action at gastric level e.g. antibiotics like ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin in the treatment of H.
to pylori infection, antacids, proton pump inhibitors and H2 receptor antagonists. In order to achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy, it is beneficial to maintain such drugs in close proximity to gastric mucosa.
There also exists a requirement of therapeutic cases wherein administration (as acute/symptomatic treatment) of a first therapeutically is effective dose of an active agent is required whereas in following steps, slow administration of maintenance dose of the same or different drug is necessary. These types of therapeutic needs result in complicated dosage regimen that are not always correctly adhered to by the patients especially the outpatients. Non compliance with dosage regimen is z,d directly proportional to complexity and no. of daily doses.
The major concern 'with antibiotic therapy is development of resistance by microorganisms. The variation in the antibiotic drug concentrations in the body fluid after conventional drug therapy leads to development of resistance by microorganisms. Many a times this problem is further aggravated due to patient non-compliance due to missed doses.
Fluoroquinolones are one of the most widely used in the management of infectious diseases. Their potent and broad spectrum of activity, efficacy and relative safety make them useful for both community acquired and nosocomial infections. However, inappropriate prescribing and missed posology can lead to antimicrobial resistance.
The candidates representing fluoroquinolone class are ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, grepafloxacin, enoxacin, amifioxacin, fleroxacin, temafloxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin have exhibited wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity.
The present invention will be further elaborated with exemplifications with ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin those being the representative candidates of i a fluoroquinolone group but the scope of the invention is not limitative thereof.
Ciprofloxacin is 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1, 4-drhydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinoline carboxylic acid. It is a faintly yellowish to light yellow crystalline substance. Ciprofloxacin differs from other quinolones in is that it has a fluorine atom at the 6-position, a piperazine moiety at the 7-position, and a cyclopropyl ring at the 1-position. The recommended adult dosage 500-mg every 12 hours. The usual duration of treatment is 7-14 days.
An important factor affecting the absorption of orally administered drug zo through gastrointestinal tract is transit time in gastrointestinal tract.
Ciprofloxacin is absorbed only from the stomach to the jejunum. Hence to achieve maximum efficacy it would be beneficial if the drug is retained in stomach for extended period of time. This problem can be overcome by developing a system that is retained in stomach for prolonged time and zs can release active agent in a controlled manner.
Another widely used fluororquinolone candidate, ofloxacin is the racemate, (~)-9- fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10- (4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H- pyrido [1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzo-xazine -6- carboxylic acid.
Ofloxacin is an off-white to pale yellow crystalline powder. The molecule exists as a zwitterion at the pH conditions in the small intestine. The relative solubility characteristics of ofloxacin at room temperature indicate that ofloxacin is considered to be soluble in aqueous solutions with pH
S between 2 and 5. It is sparingly to slightly soluble in aqueous solutions with pH 7 and freely soluble in aqueous solutions with pH above 9. The usual dose of ofloxacin is 200mg to 400mg every 12 hours and the usual duration of treatment is 7-10 days. Considering the maximum solubility of drug, it would be more beneficial to retain the drug in stomach for ~o prolonged duration so as to achieve maximum absorption.
As described above and exemplified with the two leading fluoroquinolone derivatives, the efficacy and patient compliance of the fluoroquinolones and similar drugs can be improved by retaining the compositions in stomach for longer time. To facilitate their longer duration of treatments and to avoid variation in drug concentrations in the body (which occurs with conventional therapy) it is further desirable to extend the release of drug that would lead to better patient compliance and success of therapy.
Thus, in the view of the above discussion it can be concluded that to achieve maximum efficacy of the fluoroquinolone derivatives it is desirable ,~.c to retain the active agents in stomach and acquire uniform continuous release of the same in a controlled manner. It is also desirable to avoid the initial lag time in the release of antibiotic from controlled release composition hence the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is designed to have an initial loading dose as an immediate t5 release form.
The concept of bilayer tablet is well known in the art which is generally employed for various purposes such as stabilization (US pat. 6,287,600), taste masking (US pat. 5,690,959) or delivering two drugs having synergistic effects (US 6,319,519). Bastin described use of bilayer tablet for administration of drugs prone to abuse where the drug layer and gelling layer are separate and the concentration of gelling agent is such that it doesn't retard release of active agent but facilitates drug release similar to that of conventional tablet. Blume (US pat. 6,372,252) discloses s guaifenesin sustained release bilayer tablet offering bioavailability of drug for 12 hours where first portion is of immediate release and second is for controlled release. The release is not site specific.
Several literatures describe buoyant dosage forms which improve gastric residence time. Most of the patents disclose monolithic systems (US
to 4,126,672 and US 4,167,558). US patents 4,814,178 and 4,814,179 describe non-complexed sustained release floating tablets including hydrocolloid gelling agent, oil, selected therapeutic agent, water and have multitudes of air holes with density less than 1. These systems are not restricted to floating in gastric fluid. US patent 4,140,755 discloses two r.s layered buoyant tablet containing antacid where one layer is formulated to immediately release the active and other to obtain density lower than gastric fluid and provide controlled release of drug. Franz (US pat.
S between 2 and 5. It is sparingly to slightly soluble in aqueous solutions with pH 7 and freely soluble in aqueous solutions with pH above 9. The usual dose of ofloxacin is 200mg to 400mg every 12 hours and the usual duration of treatment is 7-10 days. Considering the maximum solubility of drug, it would be more beneficial to retain the drug in stomach for ~o prolonged duration so as to achieve maximum absorption.
As described above and exemplified with the two leading fluoroquinolone derivatives, the efficacy and patient compliance of the fluoroquinolones and similar drugs can be improved by retaining the compositions in stomach for longer time. To facilitate their longer duration of treatments and to avoid variation in drug concentrations in the body (which occurs with conventional therapy) it is further desirable to extend the release of drug that would lead to better patient compliance and success of therapy.
Thus, in the view of the above discussion it can be concluded that to achieve maximum efficacy of the fluoroquinolone derivatives it is desirable ,~.c to retain the active agents in stomach and acquire uniform continuous release of the same in a controlled manner. It is also desirable to avoid the initial lag time in the release of antibiotic from controlled release composition hence the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is designed to have an initial loading dose as an immediate t5 release form.
The concept of bilayer tablet is well known in the art which is generally employed for various purposes such as stabilization (US pat. 6,287,600), taste masking (US pat. 5,690,959) or delivering two drugs having synergistic effects (US 6,319,519). Bastin described use of bilayer tablet for administration of drugs prone to abuse where the drug layer and gelling layer are separate and the concentration of gelling agent is such that it doesn't retard release of active agent but facilitates drug release similar to that of conventional tablet. Blume (US pat. 6,372,252) discloses s guaifenesin sustained release bilayer tablet offering bioavailability of drug for 12 hours where first portion is of immediate release and second is for controlled release. The release is not site specific.
Several literatures describe buoyant dosage forms which improve gastric residence time. Most of the patents disclose monolithic systems (US
to 4,126,672 and US 4,167,558). US patents 4,814,178 and 4,814,179 describe non-complexed sustained release floating tablets including hydrocolloid gelling agent, oil, selected therapeutic agent, water and have multitudes of air holes with density less than 1. These systems are not restricted to floating in gastric fluid. US patent 4,140,755 discloses two r.s layered buoyant tablet containing antacid where one layer is formulated to immediately release the active and other to obtain density lower than gastric fluid and provide controlled release of drug. Franz (US pat.
5,232,704) discloses sustained release bilayer formulation where one layer is drug release layer and other is a floating layer which releases all zo the drug over a extended period in stomach. Conte et al (Us pat 5,681,583) disclosed pharmaceutical multilayered tablet which exhibited high volume increase in contact with biological fluid, increasing volume of tablet and retaining the dosage form in stomach. Dennis (US pat 5,169,638) described buoyant controlled release powder formulation comprising basic active agent, salt of alginic acid and hydrocarbon gelling agent. Alza corporation (US pat. 4,036,228, 4,847,093, 4,344,929) describe osmotic device containing gas generating agent and releasing drug as a effervescent generated fine dispersion over osmotic gradient.
Us patent 4,777,033 discloses oral compositions containing sodium 3o bicarbonate as gas generating agent along with hydrocolloid polymer which offers buoyancy to the system and releasing drug in a controlled manner but not specific to stomach.
All the above systems describe either bilayer tablets or gastro-retentive compositions or combined bilayer gastro-retentive formulation which are either intended for immediate release, or only for controlled delivery of drugs which pose problems of bioavailibility fluctuations. To overcome these insufficiencies, the inventors of the present invention have come out with a novel pharmaceutical composition of floating bilayer system wherein the first layer is designed to release active agent immediately to avoiding lag time in the therapy and the matrix forming second layer that releases drug in a controlled manner while the system floats in gastric environment.
The present invention relates to a controlled release fluoroquinolone formulation for oral administration and methods of its manufacture. In ~g particular, it relates to a controlled release fluoroquinolone formulation which maintains a therapeutically effective blood concentration of fluoroquinolone with once a day administration. The present invention further relates to a modified release bi-layer fluoroquinolone tablet which demonstrates a maximum serum concentration equivalent to an 2o immediate release tablet yet maintains a therapeutically effective blood concentration with once a day administration.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide a novel solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration in the form of floating bilayer system 2s that allows immediate delivery of one active agent followed by release of second active agent from specialized matrix forming layer which causes the system to float.
Us patent 4,777,033 discloses oral compositions containing sodium 3o bicarbonate as gas generating agent along with hydrocolloid polymer which offers buoyancy to the system and releasing drug in a controlled manner but not specific to stomach.
All the above systems describe either bilayer tablets or gastro-retentive compositions or combined bilayer gastro-retentive formulation which are either intended for immediate release, or only for controlled delivery of drugs which pose problems of bioavailibility fluctuations. To overcome these insufficiencies, the inventors of the present invention have come out with a novel pharmaceutical composition of floating bilayer system wherein the first layer is designed to release active agent immediately to avoiding lag time in the therapy and the matrix forming second layer that releases drug in a controlled manner while the system floats in gastric environment.
The present invention relates to a controlled release fluoroquinolone formulation for oral administration and methods of its manufacture. In ~g particular, it relates to a controlled release fluoroquinolone formulation which maintains a therapeutically effective blood concentration of fluoroquinolone with once a day administration. The present invention further relates to a modified release bi-layer fluoroquinolone tablet which demonstrates a maximum serum concentration equivalent to an 2o immediate release tablet yet maintains a therapeutically effective blood concentration with once a day administration.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide a novel solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration in the form of floating bilayer system 2s that allows immediate delivery of one active agent followed by release of second active agent from specialized matrix forming layer which causes the system to float.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a drug delivery system that exhibits immediate release of one active ingredient present in one layer followed by controlled release of second active agent incorporated in second layer which can be same or different than the first one.
It is also an object of the invention to provide a drug delivery system for delivering fluoroquinolone derivatives that floats and thereby is retained in the stomach It is a further object of the present invention to provide such a o composition, which releases active agent from one layer instantaneously due to rapid disintegration of the layer in the fluid of the environment of use.
It is yet another object of the present invention to develop a bilayer system where a gas generating component of a second layer produces I5 gas which gets entrapped by swollen gelled hydrophilic matrix thus causing the system to float, retain in the stomach and release the active agent in a controlled manner from the matrix.
It is yet another object of the present invention to develop a floating bilayer system for delivering fluoroquinolone derivatives that maintains zo therapeutically active concentrations of fluoroquinolones with once a day administration thus leading to better patient compliance.
Thus, the pharmaceutical bilayer composition as described in the present invention is effective for immediate release of active agent from one layer followed by continuous, controlled delivery of active agent present in ~s second layer which is capable of acting locally in gastrointestinal tract or acting systemically by absorption via stomach and upper part of the intestine which can be same or different than the first active. The rate at which the drug from the second matrix forming controlled release layer is released depends on the rate of diffusion of the active agent through swollen polymeric matrix.
Other features, advantages and objectives of this invention and its preferred embodiments will become apparent from the detailed description and accompanying claims, which follow.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a novel solid pharmaceutical composition in the form of a floating bilayer system for oral administration that is adapted to o deliver a first active agent from an first layer immediately upon reaching the gastrointestinal tract, and deliver a second active agent from a second layer which may be same or different, in a controlled manner over a specific time period. The second layer is also adapted to provide buoyancy for the device, thereby making the device effectively float and cs remain in the stomach.
The present invention provides a solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration containing two or more layers comprising of a) At least one layer containing an active agent and disintegrating agent intended for immediate delivery, o b) at least one second layer that includes an active agent for controlled drug delivery, gas generating component, a matrix forming gelling agent which is intended for controlled delivery of active agent to maintain therapeutic effective concentrations with once a day administration in human body and also be administered to veterinary class with appropriate s5 modifications.
c) An optional third layer placed between the above two layers comprising an inert excipients selected from lactose, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, dicalcium phosphate, the layer physically separates the other two layers and facilitates delivery of finro incompatible active agents.
The said composition of the present invention on oral ingestion, comes in contact with gastric fluid, the first layer disintegrates rapidly releasing the 5- active ingredient instantaneously, the second layer considerably swells and gels in presence of fluid of the environment resulting in volume expansion entrapping the gas generated by the reaction of gas generating component and fluid of the environment, thus, releasing the active agent from second layer which may be same or different, in a controlled manner io while the system floats in gastric environment.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention wherein solid pharmaceutical composition is preferably a bilayer tablet and two layers are distinguished by different colors.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises about 5% to cs about 80% of an total active ingredient, more preferably about 25% to 75% and the most preferably about 72% of the total active agent by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
The active agent preferably present in the first layer is in the range of about 2% to 20%, more preferably between 5% to 17% and most zo preferably about 10% of the active agent by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
The preferred ratio of active agent in immediate layer to that in controlled release layer is in the range of 1:1 to about 1:12 and more preferably from about 1:3 to about 1:10.
ZS A first layer of the preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises of a disintegrating agent which can be selected from group of starch, sodium starch glycolate, pregelatinised starch, crosslinked poly vinyl pyrrolidone, Gross linked carboxy methyl cellulose, ion exchange resin, the most preferred being sodium starch glycolate. Sodium starch glycolate helps in rapid disintegration of the first layer as the system comes in contact with the fluid of the environment thus releasing the active agent instantaneously. Sodium starch glycolate is present in an amount ranging from about 0.25% to 2.5%, more preferably 0.5 to 2.0%
and most preferably is about 1 % by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
~o The second layer of the preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises about 45% to about 75% of an active ingredient, more preferably about 50% to 70% and most preferably is about 62% by weight based on the total weight of the composition along with about 2% to about 15% of a gas generating material, about 5% to about 20% of a gelling ,5 agent. As used herein, percentage amounts for an ingredient are the percent weights of the ingredients based on the total weight of the composition, which may be abbreviated as "% w/w."
The active agent as described in the present invention comprises therapeutic compounds which can be formulated into the present floating so bilayer system include ACE inhibitor, alcohol abuse preparation, alpha adrenergic agonist, amoebicide, analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents, anthelmintics, anti-arrhythmic agents, anti-bacterial agents, anti-viral agents, anti-coagulants, anti-depressants, anti-diabetics, anti-diuretics, anti-emetic, anti-epileptics, anti-flatulent, anti-viral, anti-fungal agents, z5 anti-gout agents, anti-hypertensive agents, anti-malarials, anti-migraine agents, anti-muscarinic agents, anti-neoplastic agents, anti-Parkinson agents, anti-psychotic, anti-pyretic, obesity management agents, anti-asthematics, immunosuppressants, anti-protozoal agents, anti-thyroid agents, anti-tussives, anxiolytic, sedatives, hypnotics, neuroleptics, beta-Blockers, cardiac inotropic agents, corticosteriods, diuretics, gastro-intestinal agents, histamine receptor antagonists, norcotics, NSAIDs, anorectics, anorexiants, antacid, blood modifiers, anti convulsant, bone matabolism regulators, bronchial dialators, calcium channel blockers, beta adregeneic blockers, diuretics, CNS agents, cough preparations, erectile dysfunction therapeutic agent, lipid regulating agents, muscle relaxants, anti-anginal agents, psychotherapeutic agents, osteoporosis preparations, respiratory agents, nutritional agents, anti convulsant, smoking cessation agents, thyroid preparation, sex hormones, stimulants, urinary tract agents, uterine contractors, and mixtures thereof. The pharmaceutical tQ composition as described in the present invention can be employed for any new active ingredients for human as well as veterinary use which would be invented in future, with appropriate modifications and not limited only to the catagories mentioned above.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention comprising the active is agent for controlled delivery and the active agent for immediate delivery may exhibit small absorption window in gastrointestinal tract.
The active ingredient present in the first immediate layer and the active ingredient present in the second controlled release layer of the floating bilayer system of the present invention may be same or different. In case .zo of the preferred embodiments of the present invention both the drugs are the same.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention comprising the active agent is preferably selected from group of fluoroquinolone antibiotic such as ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, grepafloxacin, enoxacin, sr...s amifioxacin, fleroxacin, temafloxacin, lomefloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, sparfloxacin, trovafloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin.
The second layer of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises gas generating component which generates gas on contact with gastric fluid and is selected from group of water soluble carbonates, sulfites and bicarbonates such as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium metabisulfite, calcium carbonate. The most preferred being sodium bicarbonate and is present in an amount from about 2% to 15%, preferably from about 5.0% to 10.0% and the most preferred is about 7% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. The gas generating coi'nponent upon interaction with gastric fluid generates carbon dioxide or sulfur dioxide that gets entrapped within hydrated gel matrix of the gelling agent. The amount of gas generating o component present is at least 7.5% of the concentration of the active agent present in the second layer and more preferably about 10%.
The second controlled release layer of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention contains one or more matrix forming gelling agents selected from group consisting of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, ~5 methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carbomer, carboxy methylcellulose, gum tragacanth, gum acacia, guar gum, pectin, modified starch derivatives, xanthan gum, locusta bean gum, sodium alginate, the most preferred being hydroxypropyl methylcellulose i.e. Methocel~ which on contact with gastric fluid swells and gels, forming matrix structure that ~o entraps the gas released and also release the active agent in a controlled manner.
The most preferred matrix forming gelling agent of the present invention is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose which has a viscosity in the range from 4,OOOcps to about 100,OOOcps. Concentration of matrix forming gelling ~5 agent is from about 5% to about 20.0% more preferred being 7.5% to 15% and the most preferred being 10% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. The preferred embodiment of the present invention contains a combination of matrix forming gelling agent comprising of Methocel~ K4M and Methocel~ K100M. The ratio between concentration of Methocel~ K 4 M to Methocel~ K 100M is in the range of 1:0.25 to about 1:5.
The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can also comprise any other suitable ingredient well known to those skilled in the art, such as adsorbents, fillers, antioxidants, buffering agents, colorants, flavorants, sweetening agents, tablet antiadherents, lubricants, tablet binders, diluents, tablet direct compression excipients, tablet disintegrants, tablet glidants, polishing agents, and other equivalent excipients selected from the group consisting of magnesium stearate, io calcium stearate, zinc stearate, powdered stearic acid, hydrogenated vegetable oils, talc, polyethylene glycol, mineral oil, an FD&C color, modified cellulose, lactose, gelatin, starch paste, acacia, tragacanth, povidone, polyethylene glycol, colloidal silicon dioxide, talc, sodium lauryl sulfate, quaternary ammonium salts, mannitol, sodium chloride, sodium i5 sulfate, sodium phosphate, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, calcium carbonate, colloidal anhydrous silica, polyethylene glycols, waxes, hydrogenated castor oil, starch, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and a 2o combination thereof.
Furthermore preferred embodiments of the present invention may be coated with a polymeric film merely to provide protection from moisture.
The said coating polymer is selected from a group of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl .z5 alcohol or methacrylic acid polymer, the most preferred being Eudragit E
100~. The said coating is transparent, soluble in fluid of the environment i.e. soluble in acidic pH and does not retard the release of active agent.
The coating imparts moisture barrier properties to increase stability.
The solid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is coated and the most preferred polymer for coating is Eudragit~ E 100 which is present in concentration from about 1 % to about 5.0%, the most preferred is about 2% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
The pharmaceutical composition as described by the present invention is prepared by process as described below:
Preparation of immediate release granule I:
The granules can be prepared either by process A or B as described below.
t o Process A:
a) The active agent, microcrystallline cellulose, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour are sifted through 40# sieve and mixed in a suitable mixer for 10 minutes.
b) The blend is granulated with warm water (50-55°) by mechanical t5 means.
c) Granules are dried at 45-50°C till LOD is between 2-3%wlw.
d) Dried granules are mechanically sifted through 30# sieve.
e) The granules are lubricated with mixture of sodium starch glycolate, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour, magnesium stearate (presifted through Zo. 40#) by mechanical mixing.
Process B:
a) The active agent, microcrystallline cellulose, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour, sodium starch glycolate, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour, magnesium stearate are sifted through 40# sieve and mixed in a suitable 25 mixer for 10 minutes.
b) The blend is slugged on rotary compression machine or compacted using roll compactor c) The slugs or compacts are sifted through 30# sieve to obtain fine granules.
c) The granules are further lubricated with part of the magnesium stearate (presifted through 40#) by mechanical mixing.
Preparation of Floating controlled release Granules II:
The granules can, be prepared either by process A or B as described below.
Process A:
a) Active agent, Methocel~ K 4M, Methocel~ K100M, lactose are sifted through 30# sieve and mixed by mechanical means in a area with a controlled temperature and humidity.
to b) The blend is granulated using water and granules are dried at 45-50°C.
c) The dried granules are sifted through 30# sieve and lubricated with sodium bicarbonate, talc and magnesium stearate( presifted through 40# sieve).
Process B:
a) Active agent, Methocel~ K 4M, Methocel~ K100M, lactose, sodium bicarbonate, talc and magnesium stearate are sifted through 30# sieve and mixed by mechanical means in a area with a controlled temperature and humidity.
b) The blend is dry granulated and sifted through 20# sieve.
Compression:
Granules I & II are compressed on bilayer tablet compression machine.
Coatin Appropriate quantity of Eudragit~ E 100 is dissolved in blend of Isopropyl alcohol, dichloromethane water under stirring to get clear solution. The solution is strained through 100# & used for film coating of bilayer tablets The most preferred process being process A for preparation of immediate release and controlled release granules.
The invention will be more fully understood from the following examples. These examples are to be constructed as illustrative of the invention and not limitative thereof Example 1 - Ofloxacin Example 1 discloses a floating bilayer system according to the present invention wherein the active agent is Ofloxacin, which is required for the treatment of local action on H. pylori in the stomach.
t o 1. Ingredients of Immediate lacer % w/w Ofloxacin 7.0 Microcrystalline cellulose 1.5 Anhydrous Colloidal Silica 1.0 Color iron oxide yellow 1.0 Sodium starch glycolate 1.0 Magnesium stearate 0.5 2. Ingredients of Controlled release layer % w/w Ofloxacin 63.0 Methocel~ K 100M 6.0 Methocel~ K 4M 4.0 Sodium bicarbonate 7.0 Lactose 4.0 Talc 1.0 Magnesium stearate 1.0 25 3. Coating % w/w Eudragit~ E 100 2.0 The tablet of Example 1 is prepared by following process Preparation of Immediate release granule I:
a) Ofloxacin, microcrystalline cellulose, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour are sifted through 40# sieve and mixed in a suitable mixer for 10 minutes.
b) The blend is granulated with warm water (50-55°) by mechanical means.
c) Granules are dried at 45-50°C till LOD is between 2-3%w/w.
d) Dried granules are mechanically sifted through 30# sieve.
e) The granules are lubricated with mixture of sodium starch glycolate, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour, magnesium stearate (presifted through 40#) by mechanical mixing.
Preparation of Floating controlled release Granules II:
a) Ofloxacin, Methocel~ K 4M, Methocel~ K100M, lactose are sifted through 30# sieve and mixed by mechanical means in a area with a $ controlled temperature and humidity.
b) The blend is granulated using water and granules are dried at 45-50°C.
c) The dried granules are sifted through 30# sieve and lubricated with sodium bicarbonate, talc and magnesium stearate( presifted through 40# sieve).
Compression:
Granules I & II are compressed on Manesty bilayer tablet compression machine.
Coating:
Appropriate quantity of Eudragit~ E 100 is dissolved in blend of Isopropyl alcohol, dichloromethane water under stirring to get clear solution. The solution is strained through 100# & used for film coating of bilayer tablets The tablet of Example 1 was tested for dissolution in 0.1 N HCI using USP
apparatus 1 at 100 rpm. The release profile is as follows:
Ofloxacin released Time (hrs.) (cumulative %) 1 24.25 2 33.22 4 50.0 8 67.72 16 94.30 Example 2 Example 2 discloses a floating bilayer system according to the present ,o invention wherein the active agent is ciprofloxacin, which is required for systemic action and absorbed only from the upper part of gastrointestinal tract.
1. Ingredients of Immediate layer % w/w Ciprofloxacin base 15.0 Microcrystalline cellulose 2.0 Anhydrous Colloidal Silica 0.95 Color iron oxide yellow 1.0 Crosslinked polyvinyl pyrrolidone 0.89 Starch 1500 1.0 zo Magnesium stearate 0.4 2. Ingredients of Controlled release layer % w/w Ciprofloxacin base 60.0 Methocel~ K 100M 3.5 Methocel~ K 4M 3.5 ss Sodium bicarbonate 7.5 Lactose 1.0 Talc 0.5 Magnesium stearate 1.0 3. Coating % W/W
Eudragit~ E 100 2.0 The tablet of Example 2 is prepared by following process Pre~~aration of Immediate release granule I:
a) Ciprofloxacin, microcrystalline cellulose, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour are sifted through 40# sieve and mixed in a suitable mixer for 10 minutes.
b) The blend is granulated using aqueous solution of starch 1500 (50-55°) by mechanical means.
c) Granules are dried at 45-50°C till LOD is between 2-3%w/w.
d) Dried granules are mechanically sifted through 30# sieve.
e) The granules are lubricated with mixture of croslinked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour, magnesium stearate (presifted through 40#) by mechanical mixing.
Preparation of Floating controlled release Granules II:
a) Ciprofloxacin, Methocel~ K 4M, Methocel~ K100M, lactose are sifted through 30# sieve and mixed by mechanical means in a area with a controlled temperature and humidity.
b) The blend is granulated using water and granules are dried at 45-50°C.
c) The dried granules are sifted through 30# sieve and lubricated with sodium bicarbonate, talc and magnesium stearate( presifted through 40# sieve).
Compression:
~> Granules I & II are compressed on Manesty bilayer tablet compression machine.
Coatin Appropriate quantity of Eudragit~ E 100 is dissolved in blend of Isopropyl alcohol, dichloromethane water under stirring to get clear solution. The solution is strained through 100# & used for film coating of bilayer tablets The tablet of Example 2 was tested for dissolution in 0.1 N HCI using USP
apparatus 1 at 100 rpm. The release profile is as follows:
ciprofloxacin, released Time (hrs.) (cumulative %) 1 21.39 2 39.30 4 52.02 8 72.80 16 89.50 !o Example 3 Example 3 discloses a floating bilayer system according to the present invention wherein the active agent is levofloxacin.
1. Ingredients of Immediate I~er % w/w Levofloxacin 6.5 15 Microcrystalline cellulose 2.5 Anhydrous Colloidal Silica 1.0 Color iron oxide yellow 1.0 Sodium starch glycolate 1.2 Magnesium stearate 0.4 .Zo 2. Ingredients of Controlled release layer Levofloxacin 62.5 Methocel~ K 100M 5.0 Methocel~ K 4M 3.3 Sodium bicarbonate 7.5 Lactose 5.0 Talc 1.1 Magnesium stearate 1.0 3. Coatin Eudragit~ E 100 2.0 The tablet of Example 3 is prepared by following process Preparation of Immediate release granule I:
a) Levofloxacin, microcrystalline cellulose, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour are sifted through 40# sieve and mixed in a suitable mixer for 10 minutes.
b) The blend is granulated with warm water (50-55°) by mechanical means.
c) Granules are dried at 45-50°C till LOD is between 2-3%w/w d) Dried granules are mechanically sifted through 30# sieve.
e) The granules are lubricated with mixture of sodium starch glycolate, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour, magnesium stearate (presifted through 40#) by mechanical mixing.
Preparation of Floating controlled release Granules II:
a) Levofloxacin, Methocel~ K 4M, Methocel~ K100M, lactose, sodium bicarbonate, talc and stearic acid are sifted through 30# sieve and mixed by mechanical means in a area with a controlled temperature ,t 0 and humidity.
b) The blend is dry granulated and sifted through 20# sieve.
Compression:
Granules I & II are compressed on Manesty bilayer tablet compression machine.
2s Coating:
Appropriate quantity of Eudragit~ E 100 is dissolved in blend of Isopropyl alcohol, dichloromethane water under stirring to get clear solution. The solution is strained through 100# & used for film coating of bilayer tablets The tablet of Example 3 was tested for dissolution in 0.1 N HCI using USP
apparatus 1 at 100 rpm. The release profile is as follows:
levofloxacin released Time (hrs.) (cumulative %) 1 25.65 2 37.84 4 47.75 8 68.22 16 95.87 Thus, compositions according to the present invention do not only provide gastric-retentive dosage forms which release active agents in a controlled manner through an floating bilayer system but also provides initial instantaneous release of active agent avoiding delay in antimicrobial action.
~S Compositions according to the present invention have an advantage that they may release part of the active agent immediately avoiding lag time and then the compositions may be retained for a long period of time in the stomach of a mammal, thereby delivering an active agent over a period of time that is significant for the clinical need with ince a day administration which offers better patient compliance. Also compositions according to the present invention have the advantage that they may provide gastric retention in order to improve the absorption of the active agents which are absorbed only from the stomach to jejunum, and also to offer local treatment in the stomach.
It is to be understood that the examples and embodiments described hereinabove are for the purposes of providing a description of the present invention by way of examples and are not to be viewed as limiting the present invention in any way. Modification that may be made to that described in above examples by those of ordinary skill in the art is also contemplated by the present invention and is to be included within the spirit.
It is also an object of the invention to provide a drug delivery system for delivering fluoroquinolone derivatives that floats and thereby is retained in the stomach It is a further object of the present invention to provide such a o composition, which releases active agent from one layer instantaneously due to rapid disintegration of the layer in the fluid of the environment of use.
It is yet another object of the present invention to develop a bilayer system where a gas generating component of a second layer produces I5 gas which gets entrapped by swollen gelled hydrophilic matrix thus causing the system to float, retain in the stomach and release the active agent in a controlled manner from the matrix.
It is yet another object of the present invention to develop a floating bilayer system for delivering fluoroquinolone derivatives that maintains zo therapeutically active concentrations of fluoroquinolones with once a day administration thus leading to better patient compliance.
Thus, the pharmaceutical bilayer composition as described in the present invention is effective for immediate release of active agent from one layer followed by continuous, controlled delivery of active agent present in ~s second layer which is capable of acting locally in gastrointestinal tract or acting systemically by absorption via stomach and upper part of the intestine which can be same or different than the first active. The rate at which the drug from the second matrix forming controlled release layer is released depends on the rate of diffusion of the active agent through swollen polymeric matrix.
Other features, advantages and objectives of this invention and its preferred embodiments will become apparent from the detailed description and accompanying claims, which follow.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a novel solid pharmaceutical composition in the form of a floating bilayer system for oral administration that is adapted to o deliver a first active agent from an first layer immediately upon reaching the gastrointestinal tract, and deliver a second active agent from a second layer which may be same or different, in a controlled manner over a specific time period. The second layer is also adapted to provide buoyancy for the device, thereby making the device effectively float and cs remain in the stomach.
The present invention provides a solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration containing two or more layers comprising of a) At least one layer containing an active agent and disintegrating agent intended for immediate delivery, o b) at least one second layer that includes an active agent for controlled drug delivery, gas generating component, a matrix forming gelling agent which is intended for controlled delivery of active agent to maintain therapeutic effective concentrations with once a day administration in human body and also be administered to veterinary class with appropriate s5 modifications.
c) An optional third layer placed between the above two layers comprising an inert excipients selected from lactose, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, dicalcium phosphate, the layer physically separates the other two layers and facilitates delivery of finro incompatible active agents.
The said composition of the present invention on oral ingestion, comes in contact with gastric fluid, the first layer disintegrates rapidly releasing the 5- active ingredient instantaneously, the second layer considerably swells and gels in presence of fluid of the environment resulting in volume expansion entrapping the gas generated by the reaction of gas generating component and fluid of the environment, thus, releasing the active agent from second layer which may be same or different, in a controlled manner io while the system floats in gastric environment.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention wherein solid pharmaceutical composition is preferably a bilayer tablet and two layers are distinguished by different colors.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises about 5% to cs about 80% of an total active ingredient, more preferably about 25% to 75% and the most preferably about 72% of the total active agent by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
The active agent preferably present in the first layer is in the range of about 2% to 20%, more preferably between 5% to 17% and most zo preferably about 10% of the active agent by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
The preferred ratio of active agent in immediate layer to that in controlled release layer is in the range of 1:1 to about 1:12 and more preferably from about 1:3 to about 1:10.
ZS A first layer of the preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises of a disintegrating agent which can be selected from group of starch, sodium starch glycolate, pregelatinised starch, crosslinked poly vinyl pyrrolidone, Gross linked carboxy methyl cellulose, ion exchange resin, the most preferred being sodium starch glycolate. Sodium starch glycolate helps in rapid disintegration of the first layer as the system comes in contact with the fluid of the environment thus releasing the active agent instantaneously. Sodium starch glycolate is present in an amount ranging from about 0.25% to 2.5%, more preferably 0.5 to 2.0%
and most preferably is about 1 % by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
~o The second layer of the preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises about 45% to about 75% of an active ingredient, more preferably about 50% to 70% and most preferably is about 62% by weight based on the total weight of the composition along with about 2% to about 15% of a gas generating material, about 5% to about 20% of a gelling ,5 agent. As used herein, percentage amounts for an ingredient are the percent weights of the ingredients based on the total weight of the composition, which may be abbreviated as "% w/w."
The active agent as described in the present invention comprises therapeutic compounds which can be formulated into the present floating so bilayer system include ACE inhibitor, alcohol abuse preparation, alpha adrenergic agonist, amoebicide, analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents, anthelmintics, anti-arrhythmic agents, anti-bacterial agents, anti-viral agents, anti-coagulants, anti-depressants, anti-diabetics, anti-diuretics, anti-emetic, anti-epileptics, anti-flatulent, anti-viral, anti-fungal agents, z5 anti-gout agents, anti-hypertensive agents, anti-malarials, anti-migraine agents, anti-muscarinic agents, anti-neoplastic agents, anti-Parkinson agents, anti-psychotic, anti-pyretic, obesity management agents, anti-asthematics, immunosuppressants, anti-protozoal agents, anti-thyroid agents, anti-tussives, anxiolytic, sedatives, hypnotics, neuroleptics, beta-Blockers, cardiac inotropic agents, corticosteriods, diuretics, gastro-intestinal agents, histamine receptor antagonists, norcotics, NSAIDs, anorectics, anorexiants, antacid, blood modifiers, anti convulsant, bone matabolism regulators, bronchial dialators, calcium channel blockers, beta adregeneic blockers, diuretics, CNS agents, cough preparations, erectile dysfunction therapeutic agent, lipid regulating agents, muscle relaxants, anti-anginal agents, psychotherapeutic agents, osteoporosis preparations, respiratory agents, nutritional agents, anti convulsant, smoking cessation agents, thyroid preparation, sex hormones, stimulants, urinary tract agents, uterine contractors, and mixtures thereof. The pharmaceutical tQ composition as described in the present invention can be employed for any new active ingredients for human as well as veterinary use which would be invented in future, with appropriate modifications and not limited only to the catagories mentioned above.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention comprising the active is agent for controlled delivery and the active agent for immediate delivery may exhibit small absorption window in gastrointestinal tract.
The active ingredient present in the first immediate layer and the active ingredient present in the second controlled release layer of the floating bilayer system of the present invention may be same or different. In case .zo of the preferred embodiments of the present invention both the drugs are the same.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention comprising the active agent is preferably selected from group of fluoroquinolone antibiotic such as ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, grepafloxacin, enoxacin, sr...s amifioxacin, fleroxacin, temafloxacin, lomefloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, sparfloxacin, trovafloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin.
The second layer of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises gas generating component which generates gas on contact with gastric fluid and is selected from group of water soluble carbonates, sulfites and bicarbonates such as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium metabisulfite, calcium carbonate. The most preferred being sodium bicarbonate and is present in an amount from about 2% to 15%, preferably from about 5.0% to 10.0% and the most preferred is about 7% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. The gas generating coi'nponent upon interaction with gastric fluid generates carbon dioxide or sulfur dioxide that gets entrapped within hydrated gel matrix of the gelling agent. The amount of gas generating o component present is at least 7.5% of the concentration of the active agent present in the second layer and more preferably about 10%.
The second controlled release layer of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention contains one or more matrix forming gelling agents selected from group consisting of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, ~5 methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carbomer, carboxy methylcellulose, gum tragacanth, gum acacia, guar gum, pectin, modified starch derivatives, xanthan gum, locusta bean gum, sodium alginate, the most preferred being hydroxypropyl methylcellulose i.e. Methocel~ which on contact with gastric fluid swells and gels, forming matrix structure that ~o entraps the gas released and also release the active agent in a controlled manner.
The most preferred matrix forming gelling agent of the present invention is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose which has a viscosity in the range from 4,OOOcps to about 100,OOOcps. Concentration of matrix forming gelling ~5 agent is from about 5% to about 20.0% more preferred being 7.5% to 15% and the most preferred being 10% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. The preferred embodiment of the present invention contains a combination of matrix forming gelling agent comprising of Methocel~ K4M and Methocel~ K100M. The ratio between concentration of Methocel~ K 4 M to Methocel~ K 100M is in the range of 1:0.25 to about 1:5.
The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can also comprise any other suitable ingredient well known to those skilled in the art, such as adsorbents, fillers, antioxidants, buffering agents, colorants, flavorants, sweetening agents, tablet antiadherents, lubricants, tablet binders, diluents, tablet direct compression excipients, tablet disintegrants, tablet glidants, polishing agents, and other equivalent excipients selected from the group consisting of magnesium stearate, io calcium stearate, zinc stearate, powdered stearic acid, hydrogenated vegetable oils, talc, polyethylene glycol, mineral oil, an FD&C color, modified cellulose, lactose, gelatin, starch paste, acacia, tragacanth, povidone, polyethylene glycol, colloidal silicon dioxide, talc, sodium lauryl sulfate, quaternary ammonium salts, mannitol, sodium chloride, sodium i5 sulfate, sodium phosphate, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, calcium carbonate, colloidal anhydrous silica, polyethylene glycols, waxes, hydrogenated castor oil, starch, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and a 2o combination thereof.
Furthermore preferred embodiments of the present invention may be coated with a polymeric film merely to provide protection from moisture.
The said coating polymer is selected from a group of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl .z5 alcohol or methacrylic acid polymer, the most preferred being Eudragit E
100~. The said coating is transparent, soluble in fluid of the environment i.e. soluble in acidic pH and does not retard the release of active agent.
The coating imparts moisture barrier properties to increase stability.
The solid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is coated and the most preferred polymer for coating is Eudragit~ E 100 which is present in concentration from about 1 % to about 5.0%, the most preferred is about 2% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
The pharmaceutical composition as described by the present invention is prepared by process as described below:
Preparation of immediate release granule I:
The granules can be prepared either by process A or B as described below.
t o Process A:
a) The active agent, microcrystallline cellulose, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour are sifted through 40# sieve and mixed in a suitable mixer for 10 minutes.
b) The blend is granulated with warm water (50-55°) by mechanical t5 means.
c) Granules are dried at 45-50°C till LOD is between 2-3%wlw.
d) Dried granules are mechanically sifted through 30# sieve.
e) The granules are lubricated with mixture of sodium starch glycolate, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour, magnesium stearate (presifted through Zo. 40#) by mechanical mixing.
Process B:
a) The active agent, microcrystallline cellulose, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour, sodium starch glycolate, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour, magnesium stearate are sifted through 40# sieve and mixed in a suitable 25 mixer for 10 minutes.
b) The blend is slugged on rotary compression machine or compacted using roll compactor c) The slugs or compacts are sifted through 30# sieve to obtain fine granules.
c) The granules are further lubricated with part of the magnesium stearate (presifted through 40#) by mechanical mixing.
Preparation of Floating controlled release Granules II:
The granules can, be prepared either by process A or B as described below.
Process A:
a) Active agent, Methocel~ K 4M, Methocel~ K100M, lactose are sifted through 30# sieve and mixed by mechanical means in a area with a controlled temperature and humidity.
to b) The blend is granulated using water and granules are dried at 45-50°C.
c) The dried granules are sifted through 30# sieve and lubricated with sodium bicarbonate, talc and magnesium stearate( presifted through 40# sieve).
Process B:
a) Active agent, Methocel~ K 4M, Methocel~ K100M, lactose, sodium bicarbonate, talc and magnesium stearate are sifted through 30# sieve and mixed by mechanical means in a area with a controlled temperature and humidity.
b) The blend is dry granulated and sifted through 20# sieve.
Compression:
Granules I & II are compressed on bilayer tablet compression machine.
Coatin Appropriate quantity of Eudragit~ E 100 is dissolved in blend of Isopropyl alcohol, dichloromethane water under stirring to get clear solution. The solution is strained through 100# & used for film coating of bilayer tablets The most preferred process being process A for preparation of immediate release and controlled release granules.
The invention will be more fully understood from the following examples. These examples are to be constructed as illustrative of the invention and not limitative thereof Example 1 - Ofloxacin Example 1 discloses a floating bilayer system according to the present invention wherein the active agent is Ofloxacin, which is required for the treatment of local action on H. pylori in the stomach.
t o 1. Ingredients of Immediate lacer % w/w Ofloxacin 7.0 Microcrystalline cellulose 1.5 Anhydrous Colloidal Silica 1.0 Color iron oxide yellow 1.0 Sodium starch glycolate 1.0 Magnesium stearate 0.5 2. Ingredients of Controlled release layer % w/w Ofloxacin 63.0 Methocel~ K 100M 6.0 Methocel~ K 4M 4.0 Sodium bicarbonate 7.0 Lactose 4.0 Talc 1.0 Magnesium stearate 1.0 25 3. Coating % w/w Eudragit~ E 100 2.0 The tablet of Example 1 is prepared by following process Preparation of Immediate release granule I:
a) Ofloxacin, microcrystalline cellulose, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour are sifted through 40# sieve and mixed in a suitable mixer for 10 minutes.
b) The blend is granulated with warm water (50-55°) by mechanical means.
c) Granules are dried at 45-50°C till LOD is between 2-3%w/w.
d) Dried granules are mechanically sifted through 30# sieve.
e) The granules are lubricated with mixture of sodium starch glycolate, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour, magnesium stearate (presifted through 40#) by mechanical mixing.
Preparation of Floating controlled release Granules II:
a) Ofloxacin, Methocel~ K 4M, Methocel~ K100M, lactose are sifted through 30# sieve and mixed by mechanical means in a area with a $ controlled temperature and humidity.
b) The blend is granulated using water and granules are dried at 45-50°C.
c) The dried granules are sifted through 30# sieve and lubricated with sodium bicarbonate, talc and magnesium stearate( presifted through 40# sieve).
Compression:
Granules I & II are compressed on Manesty bilayer tablet compression machine.
Coating:
Appropriate quantity of Eudragit~ E 100 is dissolved in blend of Isopropyl alcohol, dichloromethane water under stirring to get clear solution. The solution is strained through 100# & used for film coating of bilayer tablets The tablet of Example 1 was tested for dissolution in 0.1 N HCI using USP
apparatus 1 at 100 rpm. The release profile is as follows:
Ofloxacin released Time (hrs.) (cumulative %) 1 24.25 2 33.22 4 50.0 8 67.72 16 94.30 Example 2 Example 2 discloses a floating bilayer system according to the present ,o invention wherein the active agent is ciprofloxacin, which is required for systemic action and absorbed only from the upper part of gastrointestinal tract.
1. Ingredients of Immediate layer % w/w Ciprofloxacin base 15.0 Microcrystalline cellulose 2.0 Anhydrous Colloidal Silica 0.95 Color iron oxide yellow 1.0 Crosslinked polyvinyl pyrrolidone 0.89 Starch 1500 1.0 zo Magnesium stearate 0.4 2. Ingredients of Controlled release layer % w/w Ciprofloxacin base 60.0 Methocel~ K 100M 3.5 Methocel~ K 4M 3.5 ss Sodium bicarbonate 7.5 Lactose 1.0 Talc 0.5 Magnesium stearate 1.0 3. Coating % W/W
Eudragit~ E 100 2.0 The tablet of Example 2 is prepared by following process Pre~~aration of Immediate release granule I:
a) Ciprofloxacin, microcrystalline cellulose, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour are sifted through 40# sieve and mixed in a suitable mixer for 10 minutes.
b) The blend is granulated using aqueous solution of starch 1500 (50-55°) by mechanical means.
c) Granules are dried at 45-50°C till LOD is between 2-3%w/w.
d) Dried granules are mechanically sifted through 30# sieve.
e) The granules are lubricated with mixture of croslinked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour, magnesium stearate (presifted through 40#) by mechanical mixing.
Preparation of Floating controlled release Granules II:
a) Ciprofloxacin, Methocel~ K 4M, Methocel~ K100M, lactose are sifted through 30# sieve and mixed by mechanical means in a area with a controlled temperature and humidity.
b) The blend is granulated using water and granules are dried at 45-50°C.
c) The dried granules are sifted through 30# sieve and lubricated with sodium bicarbonate, talc and magnesium stearate( presifted through 40# sieve).
Compression:
~> Granules I & II are compressed on Manesty bilayer tablet compression machine.
Coatin Appropriate quantity of Eudragit~ E 100 is dissolved in blend of Isopropyl alcohol, dichloromethane water under stirring to get clear solution. The solution is strained through 100# & used for film coating of bilayer tablets The tablet of Example 2 was tested for dissolution in 0.1 N HCI using USP
apparatus 1 at 100 rpm. The release profile is as follows:
ciprofloxacin, released Time (hrs.) (cumulative %) 1 21.39 2 39.30 4 52.02 8 72.80 16 89.50 !o Example 3 Example 3 discloses a floating bilayer system according to the present invention wherein the active agent is levofloxacin.
1. Ingredients of Immediate I~er % w/w Levofloxacin 6.5 15 Microcrystalline cellulose 2.5 Anhydrous Colloidal Silica 1.0 Color iron oxide yellow 1.0 Sodium starch glycolate 1.2 Magnesium stearate 0.4 .Zo 2. Ingredients of Controlled release layer Levofloxacin 62.5 Methocel~ K 100M 5.0 Methocel~ K 4M 3.3 Sodium bicarbonate 7.5 Lactose 5.0 Talc 1.1 Magnesium stearate 1.0 3. Coatin Eudragit~ E 100 2.0 The tablet of Example 3 is prepared by following process Preparation of Immediate release granule I:
a) Levofloxacin, microcrystalline cellulose, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour are sifted through 40# sieve and mixed in a suitable mixer for 10 minutes.
b) The blend is granulated with warm water (50-55°) by mechanical means.
c) Granules are dried at 45-50°C till LOD is between 2-3%w/w d) Dried granules are mechanically sifted through 30# sieve.
e) The granules are lubricated with mixture of sodium starch glycolate, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour, magnesium stearate (presifted through 40#) by mechanical mixing.
Preparation of Floating controlled release Granules II:
a) Levofloxacin, Methocel~ K 4M, Methocel~ K100M, lactose, sodium bicarbonate, talc and stearic acid are sifted through 30# sieve and mixed by mechanical means in a area with a controlled temperature ,t 0 and humidity.
b) The blend is dry granulated and sifted through 20# sieve.
Compression:
Granules I & II are compressed on Manesty bilayer tablet compression machine.
2s Coating:
Appropriate quantity of Eudragit~ E 100 is dissolved in blend of Isopropyl alcohol, dichloromethane water under stirring to get clear solution. The solution is strained through 100# & used for film coating of bilayer tablets The tablet of Example 3 was tested for dissolution in 0.1 N HCI using USP
apparatus 1 at 100 rpm. The release profile is as follows:
levofloxacin released Time (hrs.) (cumulative %) 1 25.65 2 37.84 4 47.75 8 68.22 16 95.87 Thus, compositions according to the present invention do not only provide gastric-retentive dosage forms which release active agents in a controlled manner through an floating bilayer system but also provides initial instantaneous release of active agent avoiding delay in antimicrobial action.
~S Compositions according to the present invention have an advantage that they may release part of the active agent immediately avoiding lag time and then the compositions may be retained for a long period of time in the stomach of a mammal, thereby delivering an active agent over a period of time that is significant for the clinical need with ince a day administration which offers better patient compliance. Also compositions according to the present invention have the advantage that they may provide gastric retention in order to improve the absorption of the active agents which are absorbed only from the stomach to jejunum, and also to offer local treatment in the stomach.
It is to be understood that the examples and embodiments described hereinabove are for the purposes of providing a description of the present invention by way of examples and are not to be viewed as limiting the present invention in any way. Modification that may be made to that described in above examples by those of ordinary skill in the art is also contemplated by the present invention and is to be included within the spirit.
Claims (40)
1. The solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration containing two or more layers comprising of a) At least one layer containing an active agent and disintegrating agent intended for immediate delivery, b) At least one second layer that includes an active agent for controlled drug delivery, gas generating component, a matrix forming gelling agent which is intended for controlled delivery of active agent to maintain therapeutic effective concentrations with once a day administration in a human body and also can be extended to veterinary use with appropriate modifications.
c) An optional third layer placed between the above two layers comprising an inert excipients selected from lactose, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, dicalcium phosphate, the layer physically separates the other two layers and facilitates delivery of two incompatible active agents.
c) An optional third layer placed between the above two layers comprising an inert excipients selected from lactose, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, dicalcium phosphate, the layer physically separates the other two layers and facilitates delivery of two incompatible active agents.
2. The solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 1, wherein the said composition on oral ingestion, comes in contact with gastric fluid, the first layer disintegrates rapidly releasing the active ingredient instantaneously, the second layer considerably swells and gels in presence of fluid of the environment resulting in volume expansion entrapping the gas generated by the reaction of gas generating component and fluid of the environment, thus, releasing the active agent from second layer which may be same or different, in a controlled manner while the system floats in gastric environment.
3. The solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 1, wherein composition is preferably a bilayer tablet and the layers are differentiated by using different colors.
4. The solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 1, wherein a first layer comprises of a disintegrating agent which can be selected from group of starch, sodium starch glycolate, pregelatinised starch, crosslinked poly vinyl pyrrolidone, cross linked carboxy methyl cellulose, ion exchange resin, the most preferred being sodium starch glycolate. Sodium starch glycolate is present in an amount ranging from about 0.25% to 2.5%, more preferably about 0.5 to 2.0% and most preferably is about 1% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
5. The second controlled release layer of the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 1, wherein gas generating component can be selected from the group consisting of a water soluble carbonates, sulphites, and bicarbonates such as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium metabisulphite, calcium carbonate, and combinations thereof, which on contact with gastric fluid release carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide gas.
6. The solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 1, wherein the gas generating component is sodium bicarbonate present in an amount from about 2.0% to about 15.0%, preferably in an amount from about 5.0% to 10% and the most preferred is about 7% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
7. The solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 1, wherein the second controlled release layer contains one or more matrix forming gelling agents selected from group consisting of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylcellulase, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carbomer, carboxy methylcellulose, gum tragacanth, gum acacia, guar gum, pectin, modified starch derivatives, xanthan gum, locusta bean gum, sodium alginate, the most preferred being hydroxypropyl methylcellulose which on contact with gastric fluid swells and gels, forming matrix structure that entraps the gas released and also release the active agent in a controlled manner.
8. The solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 1, wherein the matrix forming gelling agent is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose i.e. Methocel® which has a viscosity in the range from 4,000 cps to about 100,000cps. Concentration of matrix forming polymer is from about 5% to about 20.0%, preferably from 7.5% to 15% and the most preferred is about 10% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
9. The solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 1, wherein the most preferred combination of matrix forming gelling agent contains combination of Methocel® K4M and Methocel® K100M.
10. The solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 1, wherein the gas generating component is adapted to generate a gas in contact with gastric fluid, wherein the gelling agent is adapted to form a substantially gas-impermeable gel matrix in the presence of a fluid, and thereby trapping the gas generated effectively causing the device to float in the fluid while the second active agent is released slowly in a controlled manner.
11. The solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 1, wherein each layer of the said dosage form additionally comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, zinc stearate, powdered stearic acid, hydrogenated vegetable oils, talc, polyethylene glycol, mineral oil, an FD&C color, modified cellulose, lactose, gelatin, starch paste, acacia, tragacanth, povidone, polyethylene glycol, colloidal silicon dioxide, talc, sodium lauryl sulfate, quaternary ammonium salts, mannitol, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, calcium carbonate, colloidal anhydrous silica, polyethylene glycols, waxes, hydrogenated castor oil, starch, PVP and a combination thereof.
12. The solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 1, wherein active agent in Immediate Release layer and active agent in Controlled Release layer may be same or different. The preferred composition according to claim 1, comprises same active agent in both the layers.
13. The solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 1, wherein the total amount of active agent is in the range from about 5% to about 80% of an total active ingredient, more preferably about 25% to 75% and the most preferably about 72% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
14. The solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 1, wherein the therapeutic agent is selected from the groups consisting of ACE inhibitor, alcohol abuse preparation, alpha adrenergic agonist, amoebicide, analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents, anthelmintics, anti-arrhythmic agents, anti-bacterial agents, anti-viral agents, anti-coagulants, anti-depressants, anti-diabetics, anti-diuretics, anti-emetic, anti-epileptics, anti-flatulent, anti-viral, anti-fungal agents, anti-gout agents, anti-hypertensive agents, anti-malarials, anti-migraine agents, anti-muscarinic agents, anti-neoplastic agents, anti-parkinson agents, anti-psychotic, anti-pyretic, obesity management agents, anti-asthematics, immunosuppressants, anti-protozoal agents, anti-thyroid agents, anti-tussives, anxiolytic, sedatives, hypnotics, neuroleptics, beta-Blockers, cardiac inotropic agents, corticosteriods, diuretics, gastro-intestinal agents, histamine receptor antagonists, norcotics, NSAIDs, anorectics, anorexiants, antacid, blood modifiers, anti convulsant, bone matabolism regulators, bronchial dialators, calcium channel blockers, beta adregeneic blockers, diuretics, CNS agents, cough preparations, erectile dysfunction therapeutic agent, lipid regulating agents, muscle relaxants, anti-anginal agents, psychotherapeutic agents, osteoporosis preparations, respiratory agents, nutritional agents, anti convulsant, smoking cessation agents, thyroid preparation, sex hormones, stimulants, urinary tract agents, uterine contractors, and mixtures thereof.
15. The solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 1, wherein the active agent is preferably selected from group of fluoroquinolone antibiotic such as ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, grepafloxacin, enoxacin, amifioxacin, fleroxacin, temafloxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin.
16. The solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 1, wherein the most preferred active agents is ofloxacin.
17. The solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 1, wherein the most preferred active agents is ciprofloxacin.
18. The solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 1, wherein the system may be coated with a transparent polymeric film merely to provide protection from moisture which doesn't retard the release.
The said coating polymer is selected from a group of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol or methacrylic acid polymer, the most preferred being Eudragit E
100®.
The said coating polymer is selected from a group of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol or methacrylic acid polymer, the most preferred being Eudragit E
100®.
19. The solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 1, wherein the preferred polymer for coating is Eudragit® E 100 and is present in concentration from about 1% to about 5.0%, the most preferred is about 2% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
20. The process of manufacturing the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 1, is as described below Preparation of Immediate release granule I:
a) The active agent, microcrystalline cellulose, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour are sifted through 40# sieve and mixed in a suitable mixer for 10 minutes.
b) The blend is granulated with warm water ( 50-55°) by mechanical means.
c) Granules are dried at 45-50°C till LOD is between 2-3%w/w.
d) Dried granules are mechanically sifted through 30# sieve.
e) The granules are lubricated with mixture of sodium starch glycolate, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour, magnesium stearate (presifted through 40#) by mechanical mixing.
Preparation of Floating controlled release Granules II:
a) Active agent, Methocel® K 4M, Methocel® K100M, lactose are sifted through 30# sieve and mixed by mechanical means in a area with a controlled temperature and humidity.
b) The blend is granulated using water and granules are dried at 45-50°C.
c) The dried granules are sifted through 30# sieve and lubricated with sodium bicarbonate, talc and magnesium stearate( presifted through 40#
sieve).
Compression:
Granules I & II are compressed on bilayer tablet compression machine.
Coating:
Appropriate quantity of Eudragit® E 100 is dissolved in blend of Isopropyl alcohol, dichloromethane water under stirring to get clear solution. The solution is strained through 100# & used for film coating of bilayer tablets
a) The active agent, microcrystalline cellulose, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour are sifted through 40# sieve and mixed in a suitable mixer for 10 minutes.
b) The blend is granulated with warm water ( 50-55°) by mechanical means.
c) Granules are dried at 45-50°C till LOD is between 2-3%w/w.
d) Dried granules are mechanically sifted through 30# sieve.
e) The granules are lubricated with mixture of sodium starch glycolate, colloidal anhydrous silica, colour, magnesium stearate (presifted through 40#) by mechanical mixing.
Preparation of Floating controlled release Granules II:
a) Active agent, Methocel® K 4M, Methocel® K100M, lactose are sifted through 30# sieve and mixed by mechanical means in a area with a controlled temperature and humidity.
b) The blend is granulated using water and granules are dried at 45-50°C.
c) The dried granules are sifted through 30# sieve and lubricated with sodium bicarbonate, talc and magnesium stearate( presifted through 40#
sieve).
Compression:
Granules I & II are compressed on bilayer tablet compression machine.
Coating:
Appropriate quantity of Eudragit® E 100 is dissolved in blend of Isopropyl alcohol, dichloromethane water under stirring to get clear solution. The solution is strained through 100# & used for film coating of bilayer tablets
21. The process of manufacturing the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 20, wherein the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration comprises of two or more layers containing a) At least one layer containing an active agent and disintegrating agent intended for immediate delivery, b) at least one second layer that includes an active agent for controlled drug delivery, gas generating component, a matrix forming gelling agent which is intended for controlled delivery of active agent to maintain therapeutic effective concentrations with once a day administration in a human body and also can be extended to veterinary use with appropriate modifications.
c) An optional third layer placed between the above two layers comprising an inert excipients selected from lactose, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, dicalcium phosphate, the layer physically separates the other two layers and facilitates delivery of two incompatible active agents.
c) An optional third layer placed between the above two layers comprising an inert excipients selected from lactose, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, dicalcium phosphate, the layer physically separates the other two layers and facilitates delivery of two incompatible active agents.
22. The process of manufacturing the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 20, wherein the said composition on oral ingestion, comes in contact with gastric fluid, the first layer disintegrates rapidly releasing the active ingredient instantaneously, the second layer considerably swells and gels in presence of fluid of the environment resulting in volume expansion entrapping the gas generated by the reaction of gas generating component and fluid of the environment, thus, releasing the active agent from second layer which may be same or different, in a controlled manner while the system floats in gastric environment.
23. The process of manufacturing the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 20, wherein the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration is preferably a bilayer tablet and the layers are differentiated by using different colors.
24. The process of manufacturing the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 20, wherein a first layer comprises of a disintegrating agent which can be selected from group of starch, sodium starch glycolate, pregelatinised starch, crosslinked poly vinyl pyrrolidone, cross linked carboxy methylcellulose, ion exchange resin, the most preferred being sodium starch glycolate. Sodium starch glycolate is present in an amount ranging from about 0.25% to 2.5%, more preferably about 0.5 to 2.0% and most preferably is about 1% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
25. The process of manufacturing the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 20, wherein the second controlled release layer contains gas generating component which can be selected from the group consisting of a water soluble carbonates, sulphites, and bicarbonates such as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium metabisulphite, calcium carbonate, and combinations thereof, which on contact with gastric fluid release carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide gas.
26. The process of manufacturing the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 20, wherein the gas generating component is sodium bicarbonate present in an amount from about 2.0% to about 15.0%, more preferably from about 5% to 10% and the most preferred is about 7%
by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
27. The process of manufacturing the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 20, wherein the second controlled release layer contains one or more matrix forming gelling agents selected from group consisting of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carbomer, carboxy methylcellulose, gum tragacanth, gum acacia, guar gum, pectin, modified starch derivatives, xanthan gum, locusta bean gum, sodium alginate, the most preferred being hydroxypropyl methylcellulose which on contact with gastric fluid swells and gels, forming matrix structure that entraps the gas released and also release the active agent in a controlled manner.
28. The process of manufacturing the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 20, wherein the matrix forming gelling agent is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose i.e. Methocel® which has a viscosity in the range from 4,000 cps to about 100,000cps. Concentration of matrix forming polymer is from about 5% to about 20.0%, preferably from 7.5% to 15% and the most preferred is about 10% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
29. The process of manufacturing the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 20, wherein the most preferred combination of matrix forming gelling agent contains combination of Methocel® K4M and Methocel® K100M.
30. The process of manufacturing the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 20, wherein the gas generating component is adapted to generate a gas in contact with gastric fluid, wherein the gelling agent is adapted to form a substantially gas-impermeable gel matrix in the presence of a fluid, and thereby trapping the gas generated effectively causing the device to float in the fluid while the second active agent is released slowly in a controlled manner.
31. The process of manufacturing the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 20, wherein the floating bilayer system is adapted to be taken into a person's gastric region and upper intestine by being oral administered.
32. The process of manufacturing the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 20, wherein each layer of the said dosage form additionally comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, zinc stearate, powdered stearic acid, hydrogenated vegetable oils, talc, polyethylene glycol, mineral oil, an FD&C
color, modified cellulose, lactose, gelatin, starch paste, acacia, tragacanth, povidone, polyethylene glycol, colloidal silicon dioxide, talc, sodium lauryl sulfate, quaternary ammonium salts, mannitol, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, calcium carbonate, colloidal anhydrous silica, polyethylene glycols, waxes, hydrogenated castor oil, starch, PVP and a combination thereof.
color, modified cellulose, lactose, gelatin, starch paste, acacia, tragacanth, povidone, polyethylene glycol, colloidal silicon dioxide, talc, sodium lauryl sulfate, quaternary ammonium salts, mannitol, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, calcium carbonate, colloidal anhydrous silica, polyethylene glycols, waxes, hydrogenated castor oil, starch, PVP and a combination thereof.
33. The process of manufacturing the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 20, wherein active agent in Immediate Release layer and active agent in Controlled Release layer may be same or different. The preferred composition comprises same active agent in both the layers.
34. The process of manufacturing the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 20, wherein the total amount of active agent is in the range from about 5% to about 80% of an total active ingredient, more preferably about 25% to 75% and the most preferably about 72% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
35. The process of manufacturing the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 20, wherein the active agent is selected from ACE inhibitor, alcohol abuse preparation, alpha adrenergic agonist, amoebicide, analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents, anthelmintics, anti-arrhythmic agents, anti-bacterial agents, anti-viral agents, anti-coagulants, anti-depressants, anti-diabetics, anti-diuretics, anti-emetic, anti-epileptics, anti-flatulent, anti-viral, anti-fungal agents, anti-gout agents, anti-hypertensive agents, anti-malarials, anti-migraine agents, anti-muscarinic agents, anti-neoplastic agents, anti-parkinson agents, anti-psychotic, anti-pyretic, obesity management agents, anti-asthematics, immunosuppressants, anti-protozoal agents, anti-thyroid agents, anti-tussives, anxiolytic, sedatives, hypnotics, neuroleptics, beta-Blockers, cardiac isotropic agents, corticosteriods, diuretics, gastro-intestinal agents, histamine receptor antagonists, norcotics, NSAIDs, anorectics, anorexiants, antacid, blood modifiers, anti convulsant, bone matabolism regulators, bronchial dialators, calcium channel blockers, beta adregeneic blockers, diuretics, CNS agents, cough preparations, erectile dysfunction therapeutic agent, lipid regulating agents, muscle relaxants, anti-anginal agents, psychotherapeutic agents, osteoporosis preparations, respiratory agents, nutritional agents, anti convulsant, smoking cessation agents, thyroid preparation, sex hormones, stimulants, urinary tract agents, uterine contractors, and mixtures thereof.
36. The process of manufacturing the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 20, wherein the active agent is preferably selected from group of fluoroquinolone antibiotic such as ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, grepafloxacin, enoxacin, amifioxacin, fleroxacin, temafloxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin.
37. The process of manufacturing the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 20, wherein the most preferred active agents is ofloxacin.
38. The process of manufacturing the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 20, wherein the most preferred active gents is Ciprofloxacin.
39. The process of manufacturing the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 20, wherein the system may be coated with a polymeric film merely to provide protection from moisture which doesn't retard the release. The said coating polymer is selected from a group of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol or methacrylic acid polymer, the most preferred being Eudragit E 100®.
40. The process of manufacturing the solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration according to claim 20, wherein the preferred polymer for coating is Eudragit® E 100 and is present in concentration from about 1%
to about 5.0%, the most preferred is about 2% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
to about 5.0%, the most preferred is about 2% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IN495MU2002 | 2002-06-04 | ||
| IN495/MUM/2002 | 2002-06-04 | ||
| PCT/IN2002/000133 WO2003101431A1 (en) | 2002-06-04 | 2002-06-14 | Pharmaceutical composition for controlled drug delivery system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2486794A1 true CA2486794A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
Family
ID=34074055
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002486794A Abandoned CA2486794A1 (en) | 2002-06-04 | 2002-06-14 | Pharmaceutical composition for controlled drug delivery system |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2002319898A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2486794A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ20041175A3 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10297745T5 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2405094B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011051308A1 (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2012-12-27 | Hennig Arzneimittel Gmbh & Co. Kg | Manufacturing process and dosage form |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1201136B (en) * | 1987-01-13 | 1989-01-27 | Resa Farma | TABLET FOR PHARMACEUTICAL USE SUITABLE FOR THE RELEASE OF SUBSTANCES OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCES |
| US5783212A (en) * | 1996-02-02 | 1998-07-21 | Temple University--of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education | Controlled release drug delivery system |
| US20060099245A1 (en) * | 2000-08-01 | 2006-05-11 | Manoj Kumar | Hydrodynamically balancing oral drug delivery system with biphasic release |
| KR20040018394A (en) * | 2001-07-04 | 2004-03-03 | 썬 파마슈티컬 인더스트리스 리미티드 | Gastric retention controlled drug delivery system |
-
2002
- 2002-06-14 CA CA002486794A patent/CA2486794A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-14 CZ CZ20041175A patent/CZ20041175A3/en unknown
- 2002-06-14 DE DE10297745T patent/DE10297745T5/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-06-14 GB GB0426726A patent/GB2405094B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-14 AU AU2002319898A patent/AU2002319898A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CZ20041175A3 (en) | 2005-04-13 |
| GB2405094B (en) | 2006-06-07 |
| GB2405094A (en) | 2005-02-23 |
| GB0426726D0 (en) | 2005-01-12 |
| AU2002319898A1 (en) | 2003-12-19 |
| DE10297745T5 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |