CA2486202C - A method of air conditioning and system for the same - Google Patents
A method of air conditioning and system for the same Download PDFInfo
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- CA2486202C CA2486202C CA2486202A CA2486202A CA2486202C CA 2486202 C CA2486202 C CA 2486202C CA 2486202 A CA2486202 A CA 2486202A CA 2486202 A CA2486202 A CA 2486202A CA 2486202 C CA2486202 C CA 2486202C
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- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[O] Chemical compound [N].[O] OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 231100000597 Sick building syndrome Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000008842 sick building syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000000059 Dyspnea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010013975 Dyspnoeas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010019233 Headaches Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010028813 Nausea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010057190 Respiratory tract infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010040742 Sinus congestion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010043521 Throat irritation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004887 air purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000869 headache Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008693 nausea Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000013220 shortness of breath Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/16—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by purification, e.g. by filtering; by sterilisation; by ozonisation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
- A61L2/10—Ultraviolet radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0027—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by direct contact between vapours or gases and the cooling medium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D7/00—Sublimation
- B01D7/02—Crystallisation directly from the vapour phase
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D8/00—Cold traps; Cold baffles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
- F24F8/60—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by adding oxygen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B15/00—Installations affording protection against poisonous or injurious substances, e.g. with separate breathing apparatus
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
An air conditioning method and systems for the same for purification of indoor air by cooling of inflowing air to cryogenic temperature, separation of contaminants and preheating of outgoing air to required temperature wherein cooling is produced by injecting of oxygen and nitrogen at cryogenic temperature into the air passage through a heat exchanger or by using a cryogenic generator that is connected to an air passage of an air conditioning system.
Description
Specification The proposed method and air conditioning system were develop to solve the problem of purification, cooling and refreshing of the indoor air to eliminate root cause of a "Sick building syndrome" and create healthy conditions for people who live in large cities, that are affected by smog, such as Toronto and Hamilton in Canada, New York and Buffalo in the USA, Mexico City. The symptoms attributed to this syndrome include headache, nausea, shortness of breath, sinus congestion, and eye-nose-throat irritation.
The invention can be used for improving of the indoor air in individual homes, offices and production facilities.
Traditional air conditioning cooling systems that are described in Canadian patents 1,298,470; 1,086,499, 1,248807 and 1,248,807 and US patents 6,775,995;
6,796,140;
6,434,963; 6,282,913 and 6,796,375 include a compressor, a condensing unit, an expansion valve and an evaporator. The compressor compresses gaseous refrigerant exiting the evaporator and discharges the high-pressure refrigerant to the condensing unit.
The condensing unit operates as a heat exchanger enabling heat transfer from the gaseous refrigerant to a heat sink such as air or water. The refrigerant condenses within the condensing unit and a state change occurs from gas to liquid. The liquid refrigerant exits the condensing unit and flows to the evaporator through the expansion valve.
The evaporator also operates as a heat exchanger enabling heat transfer from the atmosphere surrounding the evaporator to the liquid refrigerant. As the heat transfer occurs, the temperature of the refrigerant increases until a state change occurs from liquid to gas. The gas refrigerant is drawn into the suction side of the compressor and the cooling cycle continues. The condensing unit can be one of an air-cooled condensing unit or a water-cooled condensing unit. All these systems do not refresh indoor air and in many cases have caused so called "Sick building syndrome" which has resulted due to the accumulation of harmful impurities in indoor air.
The air purification system for a central air conditioning unit per the US
patent 6,761,756 includes a pan assembly including a pan member having bottom and side walls, and also having plurality of ports being spaced about and being disposed through the bottom wall with the pan member being adapted to hold water and to be disposed in a duct for a central air conditioning system; and also includes a plurality of air intake members being disposed in the ports of the pan member; and further includes cap assemblies including a plurality of tubular cap members being spaced above and disposed about the air intake members. This purification system produces significant amount of water and humidity.
The invention can be used for improving of the indoor air in individual homes, offices and production facilities.
Traditional air conditioning cooling systems that are described in Canadian patents 1,298,470; 1,086,499, 1,248807 and 1,248,807 and US patents 6,775,995;
6,796,140;
6,434,963; 6,282,913 and 6,796,375 include a compressor, a condensing unit, an expansion valve and an evaporator. The compressor compresses gaseous refrigerant exiting the evaporator and discharges the high-pressure refrigerant to the condensing unit.
The condensing unit operates as a heat exchanger enabling heat transfer from the gaseous refrigerant to a heat sink such as air or water. The refrigerant condenses within the condensing unit and a state change occurs from gas to liquid. The liquid refrigerant exits the condensing unit and flows to the evaporator through the expansion valve.
The evaporator also operates as a heat exchanger enabling heat transfer from the atmosphere surrounding the evaporator to the liquid refrigerant. As the heat transfer occurs, the temperature of the refrigerant increases until a state change occurs from liquid to gas. The gas refrigerant is drawn into the suction side of the compressor and the cooling cycle continues. The condensing unit can be one of an air-cooled condensing unit or a water-cooled condensing unit. All these systems do not refresh indoor air and in many cases have caused so called "Sick building syndrome" which has resulted due to the accumulation of harmful impurities in indoor air.
The air purification system for a central air conditioning unit per the US
patent 6,761,756 includes a pan assembly including a pan member having bottom and side walls, and also having plurality of ports being spaced about and being disposed through the bottom wall with the pan member being adapted to hold water and to be disposed in a duct for a central air conditioning system; and also includes a plurality of air intake members being disposed in the ports of the pan member; and further includes cap assemblies including a plurality of tubular cap members being spaced above and disposed about the air intake members. This purification system produces significant amount of water and humidity.
Humidity results in multiplication and growing of different types of harmful bacteria and respiratory infections. As a result such air conditioning system must be equipped with humidifiers.
Moisture separators per the US 6,782,709 or W08000468 and collectors for the liquid phase of a working medium of an air conditioning system per the US patent 6,792,773 significantly reduce humidity of indoor air. However, all these systems have two major weaknesses. First of all, they do not refresh indoor air. Secondly, these cooling systems still remain a breading place for harmful bacteria.
The air conditioner per Canadian patent 1,312,553 comprises water-absorbing polymers that are included in the path of a refrigeration cycle to remove accumulated water or water vapor that inherently develops. This filter still results in contamination of the indoor air with water and harmful bacteria.
Filters and ultraviolet light emitting devises per the US patents 6,743,279;
6,790,265 and 6,707,044 have been used to remove bacteria from the indoor air. The air filter device includes a filter net and one or more ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV
LEDs). The filter net is disposed at an air passageway of the exhaust device. The UV LED
is disposed on the exhaust device and located at one side of the filter net to irradiate UV light toward the filter net, hence accomplishing filtering and sterilizing effects to air passing through the exhaust device and thus improving the quality of indoor air. All know filters and UV
devises provide disinfections of indoor air. However, they do not refresh indoor air.
Carbon dioxide, heavy hydrocarbons and other contaminants affect human health.
Most advanced method of air conditioning per Canadian Application 2,472,752 of 2004/07/08 comprises injecting of purified liquid or cooled to cryogenic temperature oxygen and nitrogen or mixture of these gases into the air passage of the air conditioning system. This method resolved refreshing problem, but direct injection of cold mixture of oxygen and nitrogen can result in precipitation of moisture in the air passage close to injection valves. Also, direct injection of fresh air does not resolve purification of indoor air problem.
We have found that most disadvantages of all known methods and air conditioning systems can be overcome by cooling of inflowing air to cryogenic temperature, separation of frozen or liquefied contaminants from airflow, followed by preheating of outgoing air to required temperature that is produced by an air conditioning system.
Method as above wherein cooling and purification of inflowing air is performed by injecting of refreshing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen or either of these gases at cryogenic temperature into airflow through a heat exchanger that is placed inside the air passage of an air conditioning system.
Other embodiment of the proposed method allows performing deep purification of indoor air by cooling it to cryogenic temperature with using a cryogenic generator that is connected to an air passage of an air conditioning system.
In order to execute the proposed method, an air conditioning system that includes a compressor, air passages, outlets and inlets, oxygen and nitrogen storage units, regulating valves, comprises also a heat exchange that is placed in the air passage and connected by one opening to a liquid nitrogen and oxygen storage units while second one is provided with a nozzle for injecting of cryogenic oxygen-nitrogen mixture into outgoing air.
To improve efficiency of an air conditioning system during continues heavy-duty cycle last on is provide with a bypass that is equipped with a heat exchanger for the continues cooling and purification of indoor air during removal of contaminants from a major air passage.
To speed up defrosting and removal of contaminants an air conditioning system can also be provided with a heat, ultraviolet or high frequency radiator that is placed near a heat exchanger and connected to a power supply.
The proposed air conditioning system can be manufactured as fully autonomous or as a module that is connected to a standard air conditioning system.
To improve energy efficiency by using outdoor air for preheating of injected gases a heat exchanger or mixer can be mounted with partial interface with outdoor air.
To ensure uneven usage and simultaneous refilling of an oxygen and nitrogen storage units, last one is manufactured with capacity that is 3 - 3.5 times greater than capacity of an oxygen one.
Other embodiment of the proposed air conditioning system allows performing deep purification by cooling and liquefying of inflowing air with using a cryogenic generator that is connected to an air passage of an air conditioning system.
For small compartments an air conditioning system can comprise a heat exchanger that is connected by one opening through a regulation valves and mixer to an oxygen and nitrogen storage units, while other opening is provided with a pipe line that is at least partially located inside a compartment and equipped with a nozzle and pan that is adapted to hold and disposed water.
Common air consists of approximately 78% nitrogen, 21 % oxygen, 1 % argon, small amounts of carbon dioxide and other impurities and contaminants. In addition, variable amounts of water vapor is present in air depending upon humidity as well as other contaminants that are produced by natural processes and human activities.
Differences in boiling points provide the basis for purification of the indoor air by cooling it to cryogenic temperature that is accompanied by condensation and freezing of contaminants. For example, boiling temperature of oxygen is -183°C, nitrogen is -196°C, carbon dioxide sublime at temperature -78° C. Liquid temperature of most common hydrocarbons is above -82.5°C (CHa). It is also well know that most airborne microbes, bacteria, mold, spores and other living and mineral contaminants are affiliated with water and large hydrocarbon molecules. Therefore, full purification of outgoing air can be done by cooling of inflowing air inside an air conditioning system to cryogenic temperature followed by separation of liquid and solid contaminants. This method can produce chemically pure and fresh air without any traces of impurities.
In drawings which illustrate embodiments of the inventions, Figure 1 is the air conditioning system that produces cooling and purification of indoor air by injecting of mixture of oxygen and nitrogen at cryogenic temperature into outgoing air through the heat exchanger that is placed in the air passage, Figure 2 is the air conditioning system that comprises the cryogenic generator that is connected to the air passage of the air conditioning system, Figure 3 is the air conditioning system produces refreshment and cooling of indoor air by direct injection and purging a small compartment with fresh oxygen - nitrogen mixture .
In the Figure 1, that illustrates the preferred embodiment, the compressor 1 is connected by the air passage 2 to the cooling - purification module with the heat exchangers 4. The bypass 3 is connected to the main air passage 2. One opening of the heat exchanger 4 is connected through the regulation valves 5 and mixer 6 to the oxygen 7 and nitrogen 8 storage units, such called small capacity Dewars or large capacity tanks for bulk gases.
Other opening of the heat exchanger is provided with the nozzle 9. Hatches 10 on other side of the bypass separate the bypass 3 and major air passage 2. The air passage 2 and bypass 3 are equipped with the defrosting section 11 for removing of moisture and contaminants. To speed up defrosting and ensure sterilization both defrosting sections are equipped with the heat, ultraviolet or high frequency radiators 12 that are connected to the power supplies 13. Both defrosting sections 11 are separated from the main air passage 2 and bypass 3 by hatches 14. The outgoing air passage area is equipped with the heater 15. All valves, ports and radiators are connected electronically to a central control board (which is not shown in the Figure 1 ). Each defrosting section 11 is connected to the duct 16 to enable removal of water and other contaminants during defrosting of the heat exchanger 4.
During working cycle the compressor 1 directs inflowing air throughout the air passage 2 to the heat exchanger 4 whereby it is refreshed by injected mixture of oxygen and nitrogen. Heat exchange between injected gases and inflowing air takes place on the outer surfaces of the heat exchanger 4. As a result of this heat exchange, most contaminants are frozen or liquefied on the outer surface of the heat exchanger 4. Airborne microbes and bacteria, which are affiliated with moisture, are captured and hold by the outer surface of the heat exchanger 4 as well.
Environmental and temperature control is exercised by regulating of indoor air flow rate along the outer surface of the heat exchanger and flow rate of injected mixture of cooled to cryogenic temperature oxygen and nitrogen through the heat exchanger.
Outgoing air also can be preheated to required temperature by the heater 15. After that air is distributed by the air conditioning system to compartments.
Purification of indoor air results in accumulation of significant amount of contaminants on the surfaces of the heat exchanger 4. To maintain high level of efficiency of the air conditioning system the hatch 8 is closed when it required redirecting inflowing air into the bypass 3 whereby purification, refreshing and cooling of outgoing air is continued.
During this time the main air passage heat exchanger 4 is defrosted. The defrosting section 14 can be equipped with an infrared, ultraviolet or high frequency radiator 14 to speed up defrosting cycle. Water and other contaminants are disposed into the duct 16 and removed from the air conditioning system. After that airflow is redirected into the major air passage again to perform defrosting of the bypass section.
Injecting of cryogenic mixture of oxygen and nitrogen can result in overcooling of outgoing air. To reduce overcooling and energy consumption partial preheating of injected mixture of oxygen and nitrogen can be performed by utilization of energy of outdoor air. For this purpose the mixer 8 can be mounted outside of the air passage 2 or the heat exchanger 4 can be partially protruded through the main air passage 2 to interface with outdoor air. Both embodiments are illustrated in Figure 1 wherein the protruded heat exchanger 4 is shown in the main air passage.
The described above embodiment can also produce enrichment of indoor air with oxygen from 20-21% in the beginning to 21.1-25% by the end of a workday by proportional changing flow rates of injected oxygen and nitrogen. It will significantly reduce fatigue, increase productivity and improve health conditions.
This embodiment can be assembled with using standard subassemblies and units.
For example, the liquid nitrogen and oxygen Dewars models 03-CL-160-C and 03-CL-240-C with capacity of 160 and 240 liters of liquid gases consequently can be used for a single home air conditioning system. These Dewars will produce approximately 344,000 liters of fresh purified air based on expansion ration of liquid oxygen to gas as 1 to 860.
Fresh air supply and productivity of the proposed system depends on consumption of oxygen. For private homes it could be determined based on number of family members.
Above-mentioned Dewars with liquid gases might be located outside of a home to ensure safety. Control of an air conditioning system can be done from a computer that is placed conveniently inside a home.
Standard tanks for storage of bulk gases with capacity of 1,000 - 25,000 liters can be used for air conditioning systems for production facilities, schools, hospitals and office buildings.
The air conditioning system that is shown in Figure 2 illustrates another embodiment that produces purification and refreshing of indoor air with using the cryogenic generator that is connected to the air passage of the building with four floors wherein each floor is marked 17 through 20.
The air conditioning system comprises compressor 1 that directs inflowing air into the cryogenic generator 21. Outlet of the cryogenic generator 21 is connected to the heating section 15 whereby the outgoing air is preheated to required temperature. Each floor is equipped with the air inlet 22 for distribution of fresh purified air. Also each floor is equipped with outlets 23 of the exhaust passage 24 of the air conditioning system. The inflowing air passage 24 is equipped with the valve 25 to provide more outdoor air into the building to create excessive pressure inside compartments and compensate oxygen consumption. The cryogenic generator 21 is connected by the duct 16 to the unit 26 for collection of air contaminants. This unit is also equipped with the valve 27 that is used to dispose contaminants. The compressor 1, cryogenic generator 21, heating section 15, unit 26, valves 25 and 27 are connected electronically to the control board 28. The air conditioning system might be also equipped with the oxygen analyzers, temperature control units and other devises that execute temperature, moisture and contamination control to ensure proper function of the system.
During working cycle indoor air through the outlets 23 of the exhaust air passage 24 is directed by the compressor 1 into the cryogenic generator 21. The compressor can be provided also as a subassembly of the cryogenic generator 21. Indoor air is cooled down by the cryogenic generator 21. During cooling all contaminants are frozen or liquefied and separated from air. Solid or liquid contaminants are continuously or periodically disposed through the valve 27. Most contaminants can be extracted from air at -90° C.
Therefore, to complete partial purification of indoor air cooling cycle can be discontinued and outgoing air can be redirected into the heating section 15. However, to perform full purification and produce air, which will comprise mixture of chemically pure oxygen and nitrogen, cooling cycle should be continued to reduce temperature of oxygen to -183°C
and nitrogen to -196°C. After that liquid oxygen and nitrogen forwarded into the mixer wherein air with required concentration of oxygen and nitrogen is recreated and directed into the heating section I5.
This air conditioning system can be assembled with using the standard equipment and modules such as StirLIN-8 cryogenic generator or similar models, depending upon required productivity.
Direct injection of oxygen - nitrogen mixture into indoor air can simplify the air conditioning system for small compartments. Main features of such system are shown in Figure 3.
An air conditioning system shown if Figure 3 comprises a heat exchanger 4 that is connected by one opening through the regulation valves 5 and mixer 6 to the oxygen 7 and nitrogen 8 storage units, while other opening is provided with the pipe line 28 that is at least partially located inside the compartment 17 and equipped with the nozzle 9 and pan 29 to hold and disposed water.
The heat exchanger 4 can be located outside to utilize energy of outdoor air and preheat oxygen-nitrogen mixture or inside the compartment 17. Injected mixtures of oxygen and nitrogen would refresh indoor air and cool it down to required temperature while the pan 29 disposes water and other contaminants. This system can also produce partial purification of indoor air, significant refreshment and required cooling to create comfortable and healthy conditions for example inside a recreation room.
The standard dosing systems such as NORHOF LN2 can be used for regulation of oxygen and nitrogen flow rates in conjunction with LN Dewars with capacity from 5 to 3 5 liters.
Fresh air supply and productivity of the proposed system depends upon consumption of oxygen.
Below is example of calculation of consumption of fresh air for family of three persons:
It is well known that the average pair of human lungs can hold about 6 liters of air, but only small amount of it is used during normal breathing. 'The average-sized (70 kg.) adult mail has Tidal Volume (TV), or other word the amount of air breathed in or out during normal respiration, between 0.450 - 0.500 liter. At rest an average person makes from 15 to I 8 breaths per minute. While breathing this person exchanging about 9 liters of air thought his lungs. However, the human body consumes only 10% of this air, or 0.9 liter per minute. Therefore, 1.2 liter of fresh air per minute is required to supply the average person with fresh air and remove carbon dioxide by purging. However, to produce significant refreshment effect, dilute and remove contaminants by purging productivity of this system must be 5 -10 times greater. Based on the foregoing productivity of the proposed system can vary from 6 to 12 liter per person per minute. Therefore, two Dewars with total capacity about 344,000 liters can provide average person with fresh air for 20 - 40 days or family of three persons for about 7 -14 days around a clock.
Implementation of described above air conditioning method and systems will eliminate the root cause of "Sick building syndrome" and supply people who live and work in big polluted cities with fresh air. These systems also do not produce any pollution.
Moisture separators per the US 6,782,709 or W08000468 and collectors for the liquid phase of a working medium of an air conditioning system per the US patent 6,792,773 significantly reduce humidity of indoor air. However, all these systems have two major weaknesses. First of all, they do not refresh indoor air. Secondly, these cooling systems still remain a breading place for harmful bacteria.
The air conditioner per Canadian patent 1,312,553 comprises water-absorbing polymers that are included in the path of a refrigeration cycle to remove accumulated water or water vapor that inherently develops. This filter still results in contamination of the indoor air with water and harmful bacteria.
Filters and ultraviolet light emitting devises per the US patents 6,743,279;
6,790,265 and 6,707,044 have been used to remove bacteria from the indoor air. The air filter device includes a filter net and one or more ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV
LEDs). The filter net is disposed at an air passageway of the exhaust device. The UV LED
is disposed on the exhaust device and located at one side of the filter net to irradiate UV light toward the filter net, hence accomplishing filtering and sterilizing effects to air passing through the exhaust device and thus improving the quality of indoor air. All know filters and UV
devises provide disinfections of indoor air. However, they do not refresh indoor air.
Carbon dioxide, heavy hydrocarbons and other contaminants affect human health.
Most advanced method of air conditioning per Canadian Application 2,472,752 of 2004/07/08 comprises injecting of purified liquid or cooled to cryogenic temperature oxygen and nitrogen or mixture of these gases into the air passage of the air conditioning system. This method resolved refreshing problem, but direct injection of cold mixture of oxygen and nitrogen can result in precipitation of moisture in the air passage close to injection valves. Also, direct injection of fresh air does not resolve purification of indoor air problem.
We have found that most disadvantages of all known methods and air conditioning systems can be overcome by cooling of inflowing air to cryogenic temperature, separation of frozen or liquefied contaminants from airflow, followed by preheating of outgoing air to required temperature that is produced by an air conditioning system.
Method as above wherein cooling and purification of inflowing air is performed by injecting of refreshing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen or either of these gases at cryogenic temperature into airflow through a heat exchanger that is placed inside the air passage of an air conditioning system.
Other embodiment of the proposed method allows performing deep purification of indoor air by cooling it to cryogenic temperature with using a cryogenic generator that is connected to an air passage of an air conditioning system.
In order to execute the proposed method, an air conditioning system that includes a compressor, air passages, outlets and inlets, oxygen and nitrogen storage units, regulating valves, comprises also a heat exchange that is placed in the air passage and connected by one opening to a liquid nitrogen and oxygen storage units while second one is provided with a nozzle for injecting of cryogenic oxygen-nitrogen mixture into outgoing air.
To improve efficiency of an air conditioning system during continues heavy-duty cycle last on is provide with a bypass that is equipped with a heat exchanger for the continues cooling and purification of indoor air during removal of contaminants from a major air passage.
To speed up defrosting and removal of contaminants an air conditioning system can also be provided with a heat, ultraviolet or high frequency radiator that is placed near a heat exchanger and connected to a power supply.
The proposed air conditioning system can be manufactured as fully autonomous or as a module that is connected to a standard air conditioning system.
To improve energy efficiency by using outdoor air for preheating of injected gases a heat exchanger or mixer can be mounted with partial interface with outdoor air.
To ensure uneven usage and simultaneous refilling of an oxygen and nitrogen storage units, last one is manufactured with capacity that is 3 - 3.5 times greater than capacity of an oxygen one.
Other embodiment of the proposed air conditioning system allows performing deep purification by cooling and liquefying of inflowing air with using a cryogenic generator that is connected to an air passage of an air conditioning system.
For small compartments an air conditioning system can comprise a heat exchanger that is connected by one opening through a regulation valves and mixer to an oxygen and nitrogen storage units, while other opening is provided with a pipe line that is at least partially located inside a compartment and equipped with a nozzle and pan that is adapted to hold and disposed water.
Common air consists of approximately 78% nitrogen, 21 % oxygen, 1 % argon, small amounts of carbon dioxide and other impurities and contaminants. In addition, variable amounts of water vapor is present in air depending upon humidity as well as other contaminants that are produced by natural processes and human activities.
Differences in boiling points provide the basis for purification of the indoor air by cooling it to cryogenic temperature that is accompanied by condensation and freezing of contaminants. For example, boiling temperature of oxygen is -183°C, nitrogen is -196°C, carbon dioxide sublime at temperature -78° C. Liquid temperature of most common hydrocarbons is above -82.5°C (CHa). It is also well know that most airborne microbes, bacteria, mold, spores and other living and mineral contaminants are affiliated with water and large hydrocarbon molecules. Therefore, full purification of outgoing air can be done by cooling of inflowing air inside an air conditioning system to cryogenic temperature followed by separation of liquid and solid contaminants. This method can produce chemically pure and fresh air without any traces of impurities.
In drawings which illustrate embodiments of the inventions, Figure 1 is the air conditioning system that produces cooling and purification of indoor air by injecting of mixture of oxygen and nitrogen at cryogenic temperature into outgoing air through the heat exchanger that is placed in the air passage, Figure 2 is the air conditioning system that comprises the cryogenic generator that is connected to the air passage of the air conditioning system, Figure 3 is the air conditioning system produces refreshment and cooling of indoor air by direct injection and purging a small compartment with fresh oxygen - nitrogen mixture .
In the Figure 1, that illustrates the preferred embodiment, the compressor 1 is connected by the air passage 2 to the cooling - purification module with the heat exchangers 4. The bypass 3 is connected to the main air passage 2. One opening of the heat exchanger 4 is connected through the regulation valves 5 and mixer 6 to the oxygen 7 and nitrogen 8 storage units, such called small capacity Dewars or large capacity tanks for bulk gases.
Other opening of the heat exchanger is provided with the nozzle 9. Hatches 10 on other side of the bypass separate the bypass 3 and major air passage 2. The air passage 2 and bypass 3 are equipped with the defrosting section 11 for removing of moisture and contaminants. To speed up defrosting and ensure sterilization both defrosting sections are equipped with the heat, ultraviolet or high frequency radiators 12 that are connected to the power supplies 13. Both defrosting sections 11 are separated from the main air passage 2 and bypass 3 by hatches 14. The outgoing air passage area is equipped with the heater 15. All valves, ports and radiators are connected electronically to a central control board (which is not shown in the Figure 1 ). Each defrosting section 11 is connected to the duct 16 to enable removal of water and other contaminants during defrosting of the heat exchanger 4.
During working cycle the compressor 1 directs inflowing air throughout the air passage 2 to the heat exchanger 4 whereby it is refreshed by injected mixture of oxygen and nitrogen. Heat exchange between injected gases and inflowing air takes place on the outer surfaces of the heat exchanger 4. As a result of this heat exchange, most contaminants are frozen or liquefied on the outer surface of the heat exchanger 4. Airborne microbes and bacteria, which are affiliated with moisture, are captured and hold by the outer surface of the heat exchanger 4 as well.
Environmental and temperature control is exercised by regulating of indoor air flow rate along the outer surface of the heat exchanger and flow rate of injected mixture of cooled to cryogenic temperature oxygen and nitrogen through the heat exchanger.
Outgoing air also can be preheated to required temperature by the heater 15. After that air is distributed by the air conditioning system to compartments.
Purification of indoor air results in accumulation of significant amount of contaminants on the surfaces of the heat exchanger 4. To maintain high level of efficiency of the air conditioning system the hatch 8 is closed when it required redirecting inflowing air into the bypass 3 whereby purification, refreshing and cooling of outgoing air is continued.
During this time the main air passage heat exchanger 4 is defrosted. The defrosting section 14 can be equipped with an infrared, ultraviolet or high frequency radiator 14 to speed up defrosting cycle. Water and other contaminants are disposed into the duct 16 and removed from the air conditioning system. After that airflow is redirected into the major air passage again to perform defrosting of the bypass section.
Injecting of cryogenic mixture of oxygen and nitrogen can result in overcooling of outgoing air. To reduce overcooling and energy consumption partial preheating of injected mixture of oxygen and nitrogen can be performed by utilization of energy of outdoor air. For this purpose the mixer 8 can be mounted outside of the air passage 2 or the heat exchanger 4 can be partially protruded through the main air passage 2 to interface with outdoor air. Both embodiments are illustrated in Figure 1 wherein the protruded heat exchanger 4 is shown in the main air passage.
The described above embodiment can also produce enrichment of indoor air with oxygen from 20-21% in the beginning to 21.1-25% by the end of a workday by proportional changing flow rates of injected oxygen and nitrogen. It will significantly reduce fatigue, increase productivity and improve health conditions.
This embodiment can be assembled with using standard subassemblies and units.
For example, the liquid nitrogen and oxygen Dewars models 03-CL-160-C and 03-CL-240-C with capacity of 160 and 240 liters of liquid gases consequently can be used for a single home air conditioning system. These Dewars will produce approximately 344,000 liters of fresh purified air based on expansion ration of liquid oxygen to gas as 1 to 860.
Fresh air supply and productivity of the proposed system depends on consumption of oxygen. For private homes it could be determined based on number of family members.
Above-mentioned Dewars with liquid gases might be located outside of a home to ensure safety. Control of an air conditioning system can be done from a computer that is placed conveniently inside a home.
Standard tanks for storage of bulk gases with capacity of 1,000 - 25,000 liters can be used for air conditioning systems for production facilities, schools, hospitals and office buildings.
The air conditioning system that is shown in Figure 2 illustrates another embodiment that produces purification and refreshing of indoor air with using the cryogenic generator that is connected to the air passage of the building with four floors wherein each floor is marked 17 through 20.
The air conditioning system comprises compressor 1 that directs inflowing air into the cryogenic generator 21. Outlet of the cryogenic generator 21 is connected to the heating section 15 whereby the outgoing air is preheated to required temperature. Each floor is equipped with the air inlet 22 for distribution of fresh purified air. Also each floor is equipped with outlets 23 of the exhaust passage 24 of the air conditioning system. The inflowing air passage 24 is equipped with the valve 25 to provide more outdoor air into the building to create excessive pressure inside compartments and compensate oxygen consumption. The cryogenic generator 21 is connected by the duct 16 to the unit 26 for collection of air contaminants. This unit is also equipped with the valve 27 that is used to dispose contaminants. The compressor 1, cryogenic generator 21, heating section 15, unit 26, valves 25 and 27 are connected electronically to the control board 28. The air conditioning system might be also equipped with the oxygen analyzers, temperature control units and other devises that execute temperature, moisture and contamination control to ensure proper function of the system.
During working cycle indoor air through the outlets 23 of the exhaust air passage 24 is directed by the compressor 1 into the cryogenic generator 21. The compressor can be provided also as a subassembly of the cryogenic generator 21. Indoor air is cooled down by the cryogenic generator 21. During cooling all contaminants are frozen or liquefied and separated from air. Solid or liquid contaminants are continuously or periodically disposed through the valve 27. Most contaminants can be extracted from air at -90° C.
Therefore, to complete partial purification of indoor air cooling cycle can be discontinued and outgoing air can be redirected into the heating section 15. However, to perform full purification and produce air, which will comprise mixture of chemically pure oxygen and nitrogen, cooling cycle should be continued to reduce temperature of oxygen to -183°C
and nitrogen to -196°C. After that liquid oxygen and nitrogen forwarded into the mixer wherein air with required concentration of oxygen and nitrogen is recreated and directed into the heating section I5.
This air conditioning system can be assembled with using the standard equipment and modules such as StirLIN-8 cryogenic generator or similar models, depending upon required productivity.
Direct injection of oxygen - nitrogen mixture into indoor air can simplify the air conditioning system for small compartments. Main features of such system are shown in Figure 3.
An air conditioning system shown if Figure 3 comprises a heat exchanger 4 that is connected by one opening through the regulation valves 5 and mixer 6 to the oxygen 7 and nitrogen 8 storage units, while other opening is provided with the pipe line 28 that is at least partially located inside the compartment 17 and equipped with the nozzle 9 and pan 29 to hold and disposed water.
The heat exchanger 4 can be located outside to utilize energy of outdoor air and preheat oxygen-nitrogen mixture or inside the compartment 17. Injected mixtures of oxygen and nitrogen would refresh indoor air and cool it down to required temperature while the pan 29 disposes water and other contaminants. This system can also produce partial purification of indoor air, significant refreshment and required cooling to create comfortable and healthy conditions for example inside a recreation room.
The standard dosing systems such as NORHOF LN2 can be used for regulation of oxygen and nitrogen flow rates in conjunction with LN Dewars with capacity from 5 to 3 5 liters.
Fresh air supply and productivity of the proposed system depends upon consumption of oxygen.
Below is example of calculation of consumption of fresh air for family of three persons:
It is well known that the average pair of human lungs can hold about 6 liters of air, but only small amount of it is used during normal breathing. 'The average-sized (70 kg.) adult mail has Tidal Volume (TV), or other word the amount of air breathed in or out during normal respiration, between 0.450 - 0.500 liter. At rest an average person makes from 15 to I 8 breaths per minute. While breathing this person exchanging about 9 liters of air thought his lungs. However, the human body consumes only 10% of this air, or 0.9 liter per minute. Therefore, 1.2 liter of fresh air per minute is required to supply the average person with fresh air and remove carbon dioxide by purging. However, to produce significant refreshment effect, dilute and remove contaminants by purging productivity of this system must be 5 -10 times greater. Based on the foregoing productivity of the proposed system can vary from 6 to 12 liter per person per minute. Therefore, two Dewars with total capacity about 344,000 liters can provide average person with fresh air for 20 - 40 days or family of three persons for about 7 -14 days around a clock.
Implementation of described above air conditioning method and systems will eliminate the root cause of "Sick building syndrome" and supply people who live and work in big polluted cities with fresh air. These systems also do not produce any pollution.
Claims (13)
1. A method of air conditioning, which comprises cooling of inflowing air to cryogenic temperature, separation of frozen or liquefied contaminants from airflow, followed by preheating of outgoing air to required temperature.
2. A method of air conditioning, as claimed in claim 1, wherein inflowing air is cooled by injecting of refreshing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen or either of these gases at cryogenic temperature into airflow through a heat exchanger that is placed inside an air passage of an air conditioning system.
3. A method of air conditioning, as claimed in claim 1, wherein inflowing air is liquefied, purified by distillation of oxygen and nitrogen, mixed to recreate breathing mixture and preheated to required temperature by an air conditioning system.
4. A method of air conditioning, as claimed in claim 1, wherein outgoing air is enriched with oxygen.
5. An air conditioning system to execute method, as claimed in claim 2, comprises a compressor, defrosting system and heat exchange that is placed inside an air passage and connected by one opening through a regulation valves and mixer to an oxygen and nitrogen storage units, while other opening is provided with a nozzle.
6. An air conditioning system, as claimed in claim 5, comprises a bypass that is separated from a main air passage by hatches and equipped with a heat exchanger for the continues cooling and purification of inflowing air during removal of contaminants from a major air passage.
7. An air conditioning system, as claimed in claim 5, comprises a heat, ultraviolet or high frequency radiator that is placed close to a heat exchanger and connected to a power supply.
8. An air conditioning system, as claimed in claim 5, is manufactured fully autonomous.
9. An air conditioning system, as claimed in claim 5, is manufactured as a module that is connected to a standard air conditioning system.
10. An air conditioning system, as claimed in claim 5, wherein a heat exchanger is mounted with partial interface with outdoor air to perform preheating of oxygen-nitrogen mixture prior to injecting into airflow.
11. An air conditioning system, as claimed in claim 5, wherein a nitrogen storage unit is manufactured with capacity that is 3 - 3.5 times greater than capacity of an oxygen one.
12. An air conditioning system to execute method, as claimed in claim 3, comprises a cryogenic generator that is connected to an air passage for cooling, purification and liquefying of inflowing air.
13. An air conditioning system to execute method, as claimed in claim 1, comprises a heat exchanger that is connected by one opening through a regulation valves and mixer to an oxygen and nitrogen storage units, while other opening is provided with a pipe line that is at least partially located inside a compartment and equipped with a nozzle and pan to hold and disposed water.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2486202A CA2486202C (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2004-11-22 | A method of air conditioning and system for the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2486202A CA2486202C (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2004-11-22 | A method of air conditioning and system for the same |
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| CA2486202A1 CA2486202A1 (en) | 2006-05-22 |
| CA2486202C true CA2486202C (en) | 2010-08-17 |
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| CA2486202A Expired - Fee Related CA2486202C (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2004-11-22 | A method of air conditioning and system for the same |
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| CN104606704A (en) * | 2015-01-17 | 2015-05-13 | 叶立英 | Air sterilization and disinfection method and system |
| CN113819594B (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2022-12-23 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | Air conditioner control method, air conditioner remote controller, air conditioner and air conditioner system |
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