CA2469648C - Method and plate apparatus for dew point evaporative cooler - Google Patents
Method and plate apparatus for dew point evaporative cooler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2469648C CA2469648C CA002469648A CA2469648A CA2469648C CA 2469648 C CA2469648 C CA 2469648C CA 002469648 A CA002469648 A CA 002469648A CA 2469648 A CA2469648 A CA 2469648A CA 2469648 C CA2469648 C CA 2469648C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- wet
- plates
- dry
- sides
- stream
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 111
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 50
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 56
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015250 liver sausages Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012802 pre-warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
- F24F1/0083—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units with dehumidification means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
- F24F5/0035—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using evaporation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
- F24F1/0059—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers
- F24F1/0063—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers by the mounting or arrangement of the heat exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
- F24F1/0059—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers
- F24F1/0067—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers by the shape of the heat exchangers or of parts thereof, e.g. of their fins
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
- F24F1/0087—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units with humidification means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
- F24F3/1423—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant with a moving bed of solid desiccants, e.g. a rotary wheel supporting solid desiccants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D5/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
- F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
- F24F2203/1032—Desiccant wheel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
- F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
- F24F2203/1056—Rotary wheel comprising a reheater
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
- F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
- F24F2203/1068—Rotary wheel comprising one rotor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
- F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
- F24F2203/1084—Rotary wheel comprising two flow rotor segments
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
- F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
- F24F2203/1096—Rotary wheel comprising sealing means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/54—Free-cooling systems
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Central Air Conditioning (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US34120601P | 2001-12-12 | 2001-12-12 | |
| US60/341,206 | 2001-12-12 | ||
| PCT/US2002/039808 WO2003049844A1 (en) | 2001-12-12 | 2002-12-11 | Method and plate apparatus for dew point evaporative cooler |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2469648A1 CA2469648A1 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
| CA2469648C true CA2469648C (en) | 2009-06-30 |
Family
ID=23336633
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002469648A Expired - Lifetime CA2469648C (en) | 2001-12-12 | 2002-12-11 | Method and plate apparatus for dew point evaporative cooler |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1465721B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP4081009B2 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN100557360C (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU2002346722B2 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2469648C (enExample) |
| IL (2) | IL162367A0 (enExample) |
| MX (1) | MXPA04005714A (enExample) |
| RU (1) | RU2320947C2 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2003049844A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1668297A1 (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2006-06-14 | Oxycell Holding B.V. | Heat exchange element |
| GB0415549D0 (en) * | 2004-07-12 | 2004-08-11 | Oxycell Holding Bv | Heat exchange device |
| CN101102888B (zh) * | 2005-01-11 | 2011-01-19 | Ff西里·诺明西斯有限公司 | 改进蒸发式热交换器的方法和材料 |
| AU2006206035B2 (en) * | 2005-01-11 | 2010-03-04 | F F Seeley Nominees Pty Ltd | Method and materials for improving evaporative heat exchangers |
| CN101828078A (zh) * | 2007-09-14 | 2010-09-08 | 约翰·弗朗西斯·乌尔驰 | 空调装置 |
| WO2009149745A1 (de) * | 2008-06-09 | 2009-12-17 | A-Heat Allied Heat Exchange Technology Ag | Wärmetauscherblock, sowie ein verfahren zur benetzung eines wärmetauscherblocks |
| CN101726062B (zh) * | 2008-10-24 | 2012-09-05 | Tcl集团股份有限公司 | 除湿空调器及其除湿方法 |
| CN102155856B (zh) * | 2011-01-27 | 2013-02-20 | 张宜万 | 多通道板翅式露点间接蒸发冷却换热器 |
| CN102095320B (zh) * | 2011-01-27 | 2013-02-20 | 张宜万 | 多通道板翅式露点间接蒸发冷却装置 |
| WO2014205204A1 (en) | 2013-06-19 | 2014-12-24 | Coolerado Corporation | Reduction of scale build-up in an evaporative cooling apparatus |
| CN103353253B (zh) * | 2013-06-25 | 2015-04-22 | 上海艾客制冷科技有限公司 | 一种冷却塔组及其分水装置 |
| CN104110983A (zh) * | 2014-07-16 | 2014-10-22 | 王云清 | 露点蒸发冷却芯体 |
| US10215498B2 (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2019-02-26 | Kyungdong Navien Co., Ltd. | Air guide-integrated evaporation cooler and method for manufacturing same |
| CN108801002A (zh) * | 2017-05-02 | 2018-11-13 | 戴斯分析公司 | 紧凑型膜基热质交换器 |
| RU178851U1 (ru) * | 2017-05-05 | 2018-04-19 | Роман Васильевич Палий | Устройство косвенно-испарительного охлаждения |
| RU2730945C1 (ru) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-08-26 | Фьючер Текнолоджиз Оф Эр Кондишенинг Лимитед | Система распределения хладагента для устройства косвенно-испарительного охлаждения |
| CN114909741B (zh) * | 2022-05-31 | 2025-08-19 | 重庆大学 | 一种基于m循环的单管式制冷单元及换热器 |
| FR3147859B1 (fr) * | 2023-04-13 | 2025-04-18 | Caeli Energie | Dispositif de climatisation par refroidissement indirect par évaporation |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1253294B (de) * | 1964-11-03 | 1967-11-02 | Artur Tietze | Kuehlturm mit aus grobem Gittergewebe hergestellten Rieseleinbauten |
| SE383777B (sv) * | 1973-07-18 | 1976-03-29 | Munters Ab Carl | Sett och anordning for kylning av luft |
| US5212956A (en) * | 1991-01-18 | 1993-05-25 | Ari-Tec Marketing, Inc. | Method and apparatus for gas cooling |
| RU2046257C1 (ru) * | 1991-07-11 | 1995-10-20 | Валерий Степанович Майсоценко | Установка для косвенно-испарительного охлаждения |
| US5187946A (en) * | 1991-09-24 | 1993-02-23 | Yefim Rotenberg | Apparatus & Method for indirect evaporative cooling of a fluid |
| RU2073174C1 (ru) * | 1992-08-05 | 1997-02-10 | Александр Петрович Коноводов | Установка для косвенно-испарительного охлаждения воздуха |
| US5453223A (en) * | 1994-09-12 | 1995-09-26 | Acma Limited | Method of air cooling and heat exchange apparatus |
| US5727394A (en) * | 1996-02-12 | 1998-03-17 | Laroche Industries, Inc. | Air conditioning system having improved indirect evaporative cooler |
| AU2001234938A1 (en) * | 2000-02-07 | 2001-08-14 | Idalex Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for dew point evaporative product cooling |
| US6497107B2 (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2002-12-24 | Idalex Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus of indirect-evaporation cooling |
| WO2002027254A2 (en) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-04-04 | Idalex Technologies, Inc. | Method and plate apparatus for dew point evaporative cooler |
-
2002
- 2002-12-11 CN CNB028280601A patent/CN100557360C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-11 MX MXPA04005714A patent/MXPA04005714A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-12-11 EP EP02784792.0A patent/EP1465721B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-11 RU RU2004122118/06A patent/RU2320947C2/ru active
- 2002-12-11 IL IL16236702A patent/IL162367A0/xx unknown
- 2002-12-11 JP JP2003550889A patent/JP4081009B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-11 WO PCT/US2002/039808 patent/WO2003049844A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-12-11 CA CA002469648A patent/CA2469648C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-11 AU AU2002346722A patent/AU2002346722B2/en not_active Expired
-
2004
- 2004-06-06 IL IL162367A patent/IL162367A/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100557360C (zh) | 2009-11-04 |
| EP1465721A4 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
| AU2002346722A1 (en) | 2003-06-23 |
| EP1465721B1 (en) | 2018-01-24 |
| RU2320947C2 (ru) | 2008-03-27 |
| AU2002346722B2 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
| IL162367A (en) | 2009-06-15 |
| JP2005513392A (ja) | 2005-05-12 |
| RU2004122118A (ru) | 2005-05-10 |
| IL162367A0 (en) | 2005-11-20 |
| MXPA04005714A (es) | 2005-04-19 |
| CN1633330A (zh) | 2005-06-29 |
| EP1465721A1 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
| WO2003049844A1 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
| JP4081009B2 (ja) | 2008-04-23 |
| CA2469648A1 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
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| EP1836046B1 (en) | Method and materials for improving evaporative heat exchangers | |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20221212 |