CA2442601A1 - A fuel injection system and method of operation for a gaseous fuelled engine with liquid pilot fuel ignition - Google Patents

A fuel injection system and method of operation for a gaseous fuelled engine with liquid pilot fuel ignition Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2442601A1
CA2442601A1 CA002442601A CA2442601A CA2442601A1 CA 2442601 A1 CA2442601 A1 CA 2442601A1 CA 002442601 A CA002442601 A CA 002442601A CA 2442601 A CA2442601 A CA 2442601A CA 2442601 A1 CA2442601 A1 CA 2442601A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
pilot fuel
injection valve
fuel injection
nozzle
boiling point
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002442601A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2442601C (en
Inventor
Randall T. Mark
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Westport Power Inc
Original Assignee
Westport Research Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Westport Research Inc filed Critical Westport Research Inc
Priority to CA002442601A priority Critical patent/CA2442601C/en
Publication of CA2442601A1 publication Critical patent/CA2442601A1/en
Priority to PCT/CA2004/001668 priority patent/WO2005031149A1/en
Priority to EP04761830A priority patent/EP1682768A4/en
Priority to AU2004276381A priority patent/AU2004276381A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2442601C publication Critical patent/CA2442601C/en
Priority to US11/277,407 priority patent/US7343895B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M43/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels, or on a liquid fuel and another liquid, e.g. the other liquid being an anti-knock additive
    • F02M43/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0602—Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0605—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel pressure or temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0686—Injectors
    • F02D19/0694—Injectors operating with a plurality of fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F02D19/10—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0257—Details of the valve closing elements, e.g. valve seats, stems or arrangement of flow passages
    • F02M21/026—Lift valves, i.e. stem operated valves
    • F02M21/0263—Inwardly opening single or multi nozzle valves, e.g. needle valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • F02M45/04—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
    • F02M45/08—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F02M45/086—Having more than one injection-valve controlling discharge orifices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M53/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling or thermally-insulating means
    • F02M53/04—Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means
    • F02M53/043—Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means with cooling means other than air cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M53/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling or thermally-insulating means
    • F02M53/04—Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means
    • F02M53/08—Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means with air cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/002—Arrangement of leakage or drain conduits in or from injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0033—Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat
    • F02M63/0036—Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat with spherical or partly spherical shaped valve member ends
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0054—Check valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/46—Valves, e.g. injectors, with concentric valve bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/90—Selection of particular materials
    • F02M2200/9007—Ceramic materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/20—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/166—Selection of particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

A pilot fuel injection valve is provided that is mountable in a cylinder head of an engine and is operable to inject a liquid pilot fuel directly into a combustion chamber. The pilot fuel injection valve comprises a cooling system to keep the pilot fuel at a temperature that is lower than the lowest initial boiling point for the pilot fuel that occurs inside the fuel injection valve. The pilot fuel injection valve further comprises a thermally insulated nozzle so that it's outer surface is not cooled by the cooler cylinder head and the cooler pilot fuel held inside the fuel injection valve whereby the nozzle's outer surface can be heated to a temperature that is not significantly lower than the final boiling point of the pilot fuel so that a significant amount of pilot fuel does not condense on the nozzle surface during engine operation. When a gaseous fuel injection valve also has a nozzle disposed inside the combustion chamber it too can be thermally insulated to allow it to maintain a surface temperature during engine operation that is not significantly lower than the final boiling point of the pilot fuel. The method cools the pilot fuel inside the pilot fuel injection valve to prevent or reduce the partial vaporization of pilot fuel inside the nozzle orifices and in other parts of the fuel injection valve. The method further comprises thermally insulating the nozzle so that when the engine is running, the surfaces that come into contact with pilot fuel within the combustion chamber maintain a surface temperature that is not significantly lower than the final boiling point of the pilot fuel.
CA002442601A 2003-09-26 2003-09-26 A fuel injection system and method of operation for a gaseous fuelled engine with liquid pilot fuel ignition Expired - Fee Related CA2442601C (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002442601A CA2442601C (en) 2003-09-26 2003-09-26 A fuel injection system and method of operation for a gaseous fuelled engine with liquid pilot fuel ignition
PCT/CA2004/001668 WO2005031149A1 (en) 2003-09-26 2004-09-10 A fuel injection system and method of operation for a gaseous fuelled engine with liquid pilot fuel ignition
EP04761830A EP1682768A4 (en) 2003-09-26 2004-09-10 A fuel injection system and method of operation for a gaseous fuelled engine with liquid pilot fuel ignition
AU2004276381A AU2004276381A1 (en) 2003-09-26 2004-09-10 A fuel injection system and method of operation for a gaseous fuelled engine with liquid pilot fuel ignition
US11/277,407 US7343895B2 (en) 2003-09-26 2006-03-24 Fuel injection system and method of operation for a gaseous fuelled engine with liquid pilot fuel ignition

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002442601A CA2442601C (en) 2003-09-26 2003-09-26 A fuel injection system and method of operation for a gaseous fuelled engine with liquid pilot fuel ignition

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2442601A1 true CA2442601A1 (en) 2003-12-22
CA2442601C CA2442601C (en) 2005-05-24

Family

ID=30450003

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002442601A Expired - Fee Related CA2442601C (en) 2003-09-26 2003-09-26 A fuel injection system and method of operation for a gaseous fuelled engine with liquid pilot fuel ignition

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US7343895B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1682768A4 (en)
AU (1) AU2004276381A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2442601C (en)
WO (1) WO2005031149A1 (en)

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WO2015014476A1 (en) * 2013-07-30 2015-02-05 L'orange Gmbh Dual-fuel fuel injector
EP3009628A1 (en) * 2014-10-17 2016-04-20 Man Diesel & Turbo, Filial Af Man Diesel & Turbo Se, Tyskland A fuel valve and method for injecting gaseous fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine
WO2016118012A3 (en) * 2015-01-23 2016-09-22 Paul Johan Willem Maria Nooijen Injector assembly and method of using same
US9909546B2 (en) 2013-10-30 2018-03-06 Man Diesel & Turbo, Filial Af Man Diesel & Turbo Se, Tyskland Fuel valve for injecting gaseous fuel into a combustion chamber of a self-igniting internal combustion engine, engine, method and use
CN112211755A (en) * 2019-07-10 2021-01-12 罗伯特·博世有限公司 Water injection system for an internal combustion engine and injection valve for a water injection system
CN113623108A (en) * 2021-09-04 2021-11-09 重庆红江机械有限责任公司 Needle valve coupling part of oil sprayer of marine low-speed machine
CN115288898A (en) * 2022-07-20 2022-11-04 天津大学 fuel injector

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US11913382B1 (en) 2022-08-26 2024-02-27 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Variable restriction of a fuel circuit of a fuel nozzle
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US12313004B2 (en) 2022-08-26 2025-05-27 Collins Engine Nozzles, Inc. Proportional force modification of passive spool for control of secondary nozzle circuits
US11970977B2 (en) 2022-08-26 2024-04-30 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Variable restriction of a secondary circuit of a fuel injector
US12305581B2 (en) 2022-08-26 2025-05-20 Collins Engine Nozzles, Inc. Proportional restriction of a secondary circuit of a fuel injector
US11970976B2 (en) 2022-08-26 2024-04-30 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Variable restriction of fuel nozzle with an auxiliary circuit
US11913381B1 (en) 2022-08-26 2024-02-27 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Force modification of passive spool for control of secondary nozzle circuits
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US7070126B2 (en) * 2001-05-09 2006-07-04 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel injector with non-metallic tip insulator
CA2405350C (en) * 2002-09-26 2004-08-10 S. Michael Baker Liquid cooled fuel injection valve and method of operating a liquid cooled fuel injection valve

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WO2008064814A1 (en) * 2006-11-29 2008-06-05 Audi Ag Operating method for an internal combustion engine which can be selectively operated by means ofa liquid fuel and a gaseous fuel, and fuel supply system
WO2015014476A1 (en) * 2013-07-30 2015-02-05 L'orange Gmbh Dual-fuel fuel injector
US9909546B2 (en) 2013-10-30 2018-03-06 Man Diesel & Turbo, Filial Af Man Diesel & Turbo Se, Tyskland Fuel valve for injecting gaseous fuel into a combustion chamber of a self-igniting internal combustion engine, engine, method and use
EP3009628A1 (en) * 2014-10-17 2016-04-20 Man Diesel & Turbo, Filial Af Man Diesel & Turbo Se, Tyskland A fuel valve and method for injecting gaseous fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine
WO2016118012A3 (en) * 2015-01-23 2016-09-22 Paul Johan Willem Maria Nooijen Injector assembly and method of using same
CN112211755A (en) * 2019-07-10 2021-01-12 罗伯特·博世有限公司 Water injection system for an internal combustion engine and injection valve for a water injection system
CN113623108A (en) * 2021-09-04 2021-11-09 重庆红江机械有限责任公司 Needle valve coupling part of oil sprayer of marine low-speed machine
CN115288898A (en) * 2022-07-20 2022-11-04 天津大学 fuel injector

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CA2442601C (en) 2005-05-24
EP1682768A4 (en) 2009-01-21
US20060236974A1 (en) 2006-10-26
US7343895B2 (en) 2008-03-18
AU2004276381A1 (en) 2005-04-07
WO2005031149A1 (en) 2005-04-07
EP1682768A1 (en) 2006-07-26

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